Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Economics Important Questions Chapter 10 Economic Planning in India Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Economics Important Questions Chapter 10 Economic Planning in India

1A. Choose the correct option and rewrite the sentence.

Question 1.
Statements related to definitions of Economic Planning:
(a) A time-bound programme.
(b) Non-continuous process.
(c) Conscious and deliberate choice of economic priorities.
(d) Making of major decisions.
Options:
(1) a, b, c, and d
(2) b, c, and d
(3) a, c and d
(4) None of these
Answer:
(3) a, c and d

Question 2.
Features of Economic planning:
(a) Continuous process
(b) Mobilisation of resources
(c) Does not require co-ordination
(d) Flexible in approach
Options:
(1) a and b
(2) c, d and a
(3) b, c, and d
(4) a, b and d
Answer:
(4) a, b and d

Question 3.
Targets of 12th Five-year plan:
(a) To focus only on agricultural growth.
(b) To reduce the head-count ratio of poverty by 10%.
(c) To increase investment in infrastructure.
(d) To increase green cover by 1 million hectares.
Options:
(1) b, c, and d
(2) a, c and d
(3) c and d
(4) a and d
Answer:
(2) a, c and d

Question 4.
Functions not related to NITI Aayog.
(a) Knowledge and Innovation Hub.
(b) Centralised planning.
(c) Decentralised planning.
(d) Country’s best friend at the center.
Options:
(1) a
(2) a and c
(3) b and d
(4) d and c
Answer:
b and d.

1B. Complete the correlation:

Question 1.
1st Five year plan : Development of agriculture : : 12th Five year plan : ___________
Answer:
Faster sustainable growth

Question 2.
1997 – 2002 : 9th Five year plan : : 2012 – 2017 : ___________
Answer:
12th Five year plan

Question 3
Economic growth : To achieve GDP growth rate at 8% : : Health : ___________
Answer:
To reduce fertility rate to 2.1%

Question 4.
Prime Minister : Chairperson : : Members of Union Council of Minister : ___________
Answer:
Ex-Officio Members

Question 5.
Features of Economic Planning : : ___________ Target of 12th Five year plan : Economic growth.
Answer:
Mobilisation of Resources

Question 6. ___________ 1966 1969 : : Rolling Plans : 1978 – 1980.
Answer:
Annual Plans.

1C. Suggest the economic terms for the given statements:

Question 1.
It is a new framework for five years plan.
Answer:
NITI Aayog

Question 2.
Lecture series organized by NITI Aayog.
Answer:
Transforming India

Question 3.
A pillar of NITI Aayog.
Answer:
Doubling of Farmer’s Income

Question 4.
A body comprising Chief Ministers of all States and Governors of Union Territories.
Answer:
Governing Council

Question 5.
A team of experts and specialists in NITI Aayog.
Answer:
Special Invitees

Question 6.
A function of NITI Aayog.
Answer:
State’s Best Friend at the center

1D. Arrange in proper order:

Question 1.
Objectives of the five-year plan in order of preference.
(a) Removal of Poverty
(b) Development of Agriculture
(c) To give dynamism to the economy
(d) Development of heavy industries
Answer:
b, d, a, c

Question 2.
The organizational framework of NITI Aayog.
(a) Ex-officio Members
(b) Chairperson
(c) Chief Executive Officer
(d) Vice-Chairperson
Answer:
b, d, a, c

1E. Find the odd word out:

Question 1.
NITI Aayog –
(a) Chairperson
(b) Ex-officio Members
(c) Vice-Chairperson
(d) Vice-Chancellor
Answer:
(d) Vice-Chancellor

Question 2.
The importance given under 12th five years plan to increase –
(a) GDP
(b) banking services
(c) infant mortality
(d) employment
Answer:
(c) infant mortality

Question 3.
Structure of NITI Aayog –
(a) National Development Council
(b) Governing Council
(c) Regional Council
Answer:
(a) National Development Council.

1F. Complete the following statements:

Question 1.
Full time organizational framework of the NITI Aayog consists of ___________
Answer:
Vice-Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer

Question 2.
The vice-chairman of NITI Aayog is appointed by ___________
Answer:
Prime Minister

Question 3.
NITI Aayog was established on ___________
Answer:
1st January 2015

Question 4.
Special Invitees in the Structure of NITI Aayog are nominated by ___________
Answer:
The Prime Minister

Question 5.
Since, 2015, planning commission was replaced by ___________
Answer:
NITI Aayog

Question 6.
The resources needed for planning are mobilised through ___________
Answer:
taxation, domestic savings, deficit financing, etc

Question 7.
In India, planning is generally for a period of ___________
Answer:
five years

Question 8.
The period 1990 – 1992 was considered as ___________
Answer:
Plan Holiday

Question 9.
A body formed to address specific issues is called as ___________
Answer:
Regional Council

1G. Choose the wrong pair:

Question 1.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Improvement in quality of life – 12th five-year plan.

Question 2.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: NITI Aayog – 2011.

1H. Choose the correct pair:

Question 1.

Options:
(1) 1 – a, 2 – c, 3 – d, 4 – b
(2) 1 – d, 2 – c, 3 – a, 4 – b
(3) 1 – b, 2 – c, 3 – d, 4 – a
(4) 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – a, 4 – b
Answer:
Correct pair: (2) 1 – d, 2 – c, 3 – a, 4 – b

2. Identify and explain the concepts from the given illustrations:

Question 1.
Vedant gets his student scholarship directly in his a/c linked with Aadhar.
Answer:
Service Delivery.
It is the important target of the 12th five-year plan. The main aim behind this policy is to prevent corruption.

Question 2.
To solve the problems of the housing society, members form a committee that discusses and solves the issues of the members.
Answer:
Think-Tank.
It is important to function of NITI Aayog to solve the problems of our country.
Think-Tank is a group of experts who are discussing and solve various problems of India.

3. Assertion and Reasoning – Choose the correct answer from the following:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) – NITI Aayog takes note of the dynamic change in the Indian economy.
Reasoning (R) – Considering the economic, social, and technological differences in underdeveloped districts, the body plans to implement various programmes and bring about economic changes.
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Question 2.
Assertion (A) – In 1950 the government-appointed planning commission.
Reasoning (R) – After independence, India was facing the problem of poverty, unemployment, inequality, low national income, etc.
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 3.
Assertion (A) – In 1950, India adopted economic planning to accelerate the rate of GDP, employment, export, etc.
Reasoning (R) – In India, the duration of economic planning is 7 years.
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.

Question 4.
Assertion (A) – The NITI Aayog has been created a group of experts as a Think Tank.
Reasoning (R) – Think Tank will work on various problems and find out solutions to them.
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 5.
Assertion (A) – 12th five-year plan encouraged the development of agriculture, education, etc.
Reasoning (R) – Secondary education for all by 2017.
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 6.
Assertion (A) – In 2015, the planning commission was replaced by NITI Aayog.
Reasoning (R) – To construct a strong state that will help to build a dynamic and strong nation,
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

4. Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Planned Economy and Unplanned Economy.
Answer:

Question 2.
Objectives of 10th Plan and Objectives of 11th Plan.
Answer:

5. Answer the following:

Question 1.
What are the targets of the 12th five-year plan for infrastructure?
Answer:
Targets for infrastructure are:

• To connect all villages of a country with all-weather roads.
• To increase rural television and telephone density to 70%.
• To increase infrastructure investment to 9% of G.D.P.
• To upgrade national and state highways to a minimum two-lane standard.
• To achieve real GDP growth rate at 8%, agriculture growth rate at 4%, and manufacturing and industrial growth rate at 10%.
• To reduce the headcount ratio of poverty by 10%.
• To create 50 million (5 crores) new work opportunities in the non-farm sector.
• To increase average years of schooling to 7 years.
• To eliminate gender and social gap in school enrollment.
• To reduce the total fertility rate to 2.1%.

Question 2.
What is Economic Planning? Give objectives of last three five-year plan.
Answer:
Economic Planning:

• Economic planning is a time-bound programme to achieve certain objectives by allocating available resources.
• In the 10th five-year plan main objective was a reduction of poverty.
• In the 11th five-year plan main objective was faster and more inclusive growth.
• In the 12th five-year plan main objective was faster, sustainable, and more inclusive growth.

Question 3.
State the pillars of NITI Aayog.
Answer:
The pillars of NITI Aayog are as follows:

• Vision Document of India
• Appraisal Document of 12th five-year Plan.
• Transforming India: Lecture series organized by NITI Aayog.
• Doubling of Farmers’ Income
• Outcome Budget and Output-Outcome Framework.
• Global Entrepreneurship Summit 2017
• Launching of Programme to transform identified aspirational districts.

Question 4.
Write a note on the ‘Think Tank’ function of NITI Aayog.
Answer:

• ‘Think-Tank’ is a group of experts who come together, to form an organisation.
• They study the various problems of an economy and try to bring solutions to solve those problems.
• It is counted under a premier policy of the Government of India.
• Its main objective is to find a shared vision of national development with the active participation of the states.
• It provides guidance to foster ‘co-operative federalism’ in the states.

6. State with reasons whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Question 1.
No progress has been made in India in 50 years of economic planning.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.
Starting from, First Five Year Plan in 1951 to over 50 years, India has made progress in almost all spheres and is moving towards globalization in the following ways:

• There has been an expansion of industrial capacity.
• Creation of infrastructure.
• Progress in science and technology.
• Promotion of exports.
• Improvement in human quality.
• Earning foreign exchange, etc.
• Thus, we cannot say that India has made no progress since 50 years of its economic planning.

Question 2.
Planning can break the vicious circle of poverty.
Answer:
Yes, I do agree with the statement.

• In a developing country, poverty becomes both, the cause and effect of poverty.
• In poor or developing countries people earn less, save less, productive investment is low and so their earnings are low.
• This is called the vicious circle of poverty.
• Through economic planning, this vicious circle of poverty can be broken.
• The government through planning raises the rate of investment.
• This leads to a rise in profit, a rise in incomes and savings, and then again more investment.
• Hence, Planning can break the vicious circle of poverty.

Question 3.
The tenth Five Year Plan was completely successful.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.

• Even though the Tenth Five Year Plan could achieve certain targets like increase in growth rate, savings, investment, FDI,
• exports, etc. it has certain failures also. They are:
• Agricultural production could increase only by 25% as against the target of 4%.
• Due to the use of capital-intensive technology in production unemployment increased.
• Regional imbalances and poverty between states could not be curbed down.
• The private sector was given more importance.

Question 4.
The basic objective of economic planning in India is to bring about economic development.
Answer:
Yes, I do agree with the statement.

• When India got independence, it was caught in the vicious circle of poverty.
• There were many macroeconomic problems like food scarcity, illiteracy, mass communicable diseases, high mortality rate, etc.
• So economists felt that economic planning would be an ideal way to solve these problems and to achieve rapid economic development in India.

7. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
What is Economic Planning? Explain the targets of the 12th five-year plan.
Answer:
Economic planning is a time-bound programme to achieve certain objectives by allocating available resources under the control of a central planning authority.

Prof. H. D. Dickinson defines economic planning as – “Economic planning is the making of major economic decisions such as what and how much is to be produced how, when and where it is to be produced, to whom it is to be allocated, by the conscious decision of the determinate authority, on the basis of a comprehensive survey of the economy as a whole.”

12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017):
This plan emphasizes ‘Sustainable Growth’. This plan focused on the development of the manufacturing sector, agriculture, education, health, and social welfare, etc.
(i) Economic Growth:

• It aims at an average GDP growth rate of 8%.
• It seeks to achieve 4% growth in the agriculture sector.
• Every state’s average growth rate must increase as compared to the 11th plan.

(ii) Poverty and Employment:

• It aims at reducing the head-count ratio of poverty by 10%.
• Generating 50 million employment opportunities in the non-farm sector and providing skill certification.

(iii) Education:

• Eliminating gender and social gap in education.
• Secondary education for all by 2017.
• Access to higher education with reference to skill development.

(iv) Health:

• Reducing rate of infant mortality.
• Reduce total fertility rate to 2.1%
• National Family Health Survey (NFHS – 4) was conducted in 2014-2015. In NFHS-4, reduce malnutrition among the children (0-3 years) was the target.

(v) Infrastructure:

• Increase infrastructure investment to 9% of GDP.
• Achieving universal road connectivity and access to power for all villages.
• To increase electricity by adding 80,000 MW and 55,000 MW of renewable energy capacity.
• Connecting all villages with all-weather roads and upgrading national and state highways to a minimum two-lane standard.
• Modified and accelerated irrigation benefit programme.

(vi) Service Delivery:

• Provision of banking services for 90% of households in India.
• Major welfare benefits and subsidies through Aadhar card.

(vii) Environment:

• Increasing green cover by 1 million hectares every year.

8. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

Passage – 1
The Finance Minister of the Central Government presents the Union Budget before the Parliament during the month of February every year. The budget, also referred to as the annual financial statement reflects the estimated receipts and expenditure of the government for a particular financial year that begins on the 1st of April and ends on 31 sc March. Changes in the tax structure are suggested in the budget. Besides this, provisions are also made for allocating expenditure on defense, education, research, and development, etc. The date for presenting the budget has been shifted to the 1st of February every year. This enables the generation of funds well in advance prior to the commencement of the financial year.

Question 1.
What is the duration of the budget?
Answer:
The budget is for one year starting from 1st April to 31st March.

Passage – 2
Access to clean cooking fuel is a huge problem in India. Especially in villages wood is used for cooking purposes. Due to this, women’s experiences headache, breathing issues, eyes and lung problems and sometimes even burnt their sarees or some part of their body. 5 lakh women lose their lives every year because of smoke emitted by the ‘Chula’. After independence, this problem was recognized, but it was difficult to eliminate at the micro/village level. The state government is a very important part of NITI Aayog. They are implementing national policies at the village, district, and state levels.

In Uttar Pradesh. Ballia district was selected by the various experts for clean cooking fuel. It was a huge scheme in terms of the scale of implementation. Dineshwar Giri (Village Pradhan), Ashutosh Jindal (IAS), Dharmendra Pradhan (Minister of state for petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India), S.T. Sathiavageeswaran (Executive director information system in HPLL), C. S. Chakrabarty (Chief General Manager (IOCL)) have given their huge contribution to make this Yojna a grand success. This Yojna was worked from the bottom level.

Cylinder providers were also supposed to fillup form for the LPG receivers on the ‘Collect App’ which work perfectly in offline scenario and it is in many languages. More than 2 crores gas connection have been made in time less than 11 months. Out of 80 million (8 crores) women targeted,72 million have received the benefits and 10,000 new LPG centers were established and 80 billion was the scheme funding. Data was collected and analyzed with 100% accuracy which resulted in success to a great extent. After receiving LPG connections, the women realized their life could also be happy and easy.

Question 1.
Which Yojana is being highlighted in the above case study?
Answer:
Pradhan Mantri Ujjala Yojana(PMUY).

Question 2.
Why was the Pradhan Mantri Ujjala Yojana (PMUY) successful?
Answer:
In NITI Aayog, policies are implemented from center to state and state to center.
It is implemented at the micro-level or village level by involving all the experts and ministers related to the problem. Data were collected from villages and analyzed with 100% accuracy which resulted in success to a great extent.

Question 3.
How did the Ujjala Yojana succeed in Ballia District?
Answer:
Out of 80 million women targeted, 72 million have received the benefit and 10,000 new LPG centers were established and 80 billion was the scheme funding, within the 4 years.

Question 4.
From which state of India in the above case study.
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh.

Question 5.
What problems did the women face due to the absence of LPG connection?
Answer:
Women were facing many health issues like headaches, eyes and lung issues, breathing problems, burnt their sarees or body part, etc.

Question 6.
What did the women feel after receiving the LPG connection?
Answer:
After receiving an LPG connection, the women realized that their life could also be happy and easy.

Question 7.
Write the name of experts involved in this Yojana.
Answer:
Ashutosh Jindal (IAS), Dharmendra Pradhan (Minister of State for Petroleum and Natural Gas), S.T Sathiavageeswaran (Executive Director, HPCL), C.S. Chakrabarty [Chief General Manager (IOCL)].

Passage – 3
The planning commission of India introduced decentralized planning in the country for the first time during the 7th five-year plan. From the 1st five-year plan, India adopted centralized planning with little variation. In 2014, NITI, Aayog was introduced in which decentralized planning was playing a very important role. Decentralized planning means, where the decision-making in the planning process has been reversed from top to bottom type to a system of the bottom to top type. The decentralized planning is at the grassroots level or planning from below.

In India, the planning process has many tiers as the center, state, district, subdivision, block, and village. In decentralized planning, emphasis has been given to the introduction of district planning, sub-divisional planning and block-level planning, and village-level planning. In India, Governmental activities till 2014 are being performed from central to states and then to local that is to the district level (panchayat amenities) and village level (Gram Panchayat). But the major problem of centralized planning was the lack of optimum utilization of resources. Thus, India adopted decentralized planning by replacing Planning Commission in January 2015.

Question 1.
Which planning was adopted in India since 1st five-year plan?
Answer:
India adopted centralized planning since 1st five-year plan.

Question 2.
What is decentralized planning?
Answer:
In decentralized planning, the decision-making process has been reversed from top to bottom type to a system of the bottom to top.

Question 3.
Give the names of various tiers of the planning commission.
Answer:
It has many tiers like center, state, district, subdivision, block, and village.

Question 4.
Match the following.

Answer:
(1) – b, (2) – c, (3) – a.

Question 5.
What is the major problem in centralized planning?
Answer:
In centralized planning, resources are not being optimally utilized. There is a wastage of resources at a high level.

Question 6.
When did India adopt decentralized planning?
Answer:
India adopted decentralized planning in the year 2015.

9. Observe the following chart and answer the following:

Question 1.
Who is the chairman of NITI Aayog?
Answer:
Prime Minister.

Question 2.
Who nominates the Vice-chairman and CEO of NITI Aayog.
Answer:
Prime Minister.

Question 3.
What is the part of Councils?
Answer:
Governing Council and Regional Council are the part of councils.

Question 4.
Which ministers are selected as Ex-officio members?
Answer:
Union ministers are selected as Ex-officio members.

Question 5.
How many full-time and part-time members are required?
Answer:
Full times – 5 members and part-time – 2 members.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Economics Important Questions Chapter 9 Economic Policy of India Since 1991 Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Economics Important Questions Chapter 9 Economic Policy of India Since 1991

1A. Complete the following statements by choosing the correct alternative:

Question 1.
The investment limit of small scale industries has been increasing up to __________ crores.
(a) 10
(b) 5
(c) 1
(d) 3
Answer:
(b) 5

Question 2.
The financial sectors became more competitive due to entry of __________ banks.
(a) public and private
(b) public and foreign
(c) private and foreign
(d) private and co-operative
Answer:
(c) private and foreign

Question 3.
The Government of India announced the NEP on __________
(a) 24th July 1991
(b) 24th Oct 1991
(c) 24th June 1991
(d) 20th June 1950
Answer:
(a) 24th July 1991

Question 4.
__________ is considered to be the father of NEP.
(a) Dr. Manmohan Singh
(b) Rajiv Gandhi
(c) Narsimha Rao
(d) Arun Jetly
Answer:
(a) Dr. Manmohan Singh

Question 5.
Licensing was made __________ under NEP.
(a) compulsory
(b) strict
(c) privatised
(d) liberal
Answer:
(d) liberal

Question 6.
Under NEP unemployment has __________ due to close down of some industries.
(a) declined
(b) increased
(c) stagnant
(d) no change
Answer:
(b) increased

Question 7.
__________ is included in Navratna status.
(a) ONGC
(b) HAL
(c) MTNL
(d) Railways
Answer:
(a) ONGC

1B. Complete the correlation:

Question 1.
Regulate the foreign exchange : FEMA : : Regulate security market : __________
Answer:
SEBI

Question 2.
Disinvestment : ITDC hotel : : Collaboration : __________
Answer:
Maruti-Suzuki

Question 3.
Abolition of MRTP Act : Liberalization : : Convertibility of rupee : __________
Answer:
Globalisation

Question 4.
Airport Authority of India (AAI) : Miniratna : : Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL) : __________
Answer:
Navratnas

Question 5.
Indian Oil Corporation : Navratnas : : Central Public Sector Enterprises : __________
Answer:
Maharatna Companies

Question 6.
SEZ : Trade Liberalisation : : IRDA Act : __________
Answer:
Reforms in Insurance Sector

Question 7.
Abolition of Government License : __________ : : Selling of shares of sick public sector : Disinvestment
Answer:
Delicensing

1C. Suggest the economic terms for given statements:

Question 1.
The transfer of ownership from the public sector to the private sector.
Answer:
Privatisation

Question 2.
Abolishment of the permission of Government for new industrial production etc.
Answer:
Delicensing

Question 3.
Selling public sector units to the private sector.
Answer:
Disinvestment

Question 4.
Interaction of the Indian economy with the rest of the world.
Answer:
Globalisation

Question 5.
To take the benefit of advanced technology the companies of two countries work together.
Answer:
Foreign Collaboration

Question 6.
Policy providing incentives to exporters.
Answer:
EXIM Policy

Question 7.
Companies are given full financial and managerial autonomy.
Answer:
Navratnas

Question 8.
Zone to encourage agricultural exports.
Answer:
Agro Export Zones

Question 9.
Act under which firms get the freedom to take investment decisions.
Answer:
MRTP Act

Question 10.
A board was set up to make decisions regarding sick units.
Answer:
Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR)

Question 11.
Industry requiring compulsory licensing.
Answer:
Cigarettes

1D. Arrange in proper order:

Question 1.
(a) FERA was replaced by FEMA
(b) Shortage of foreign exchange
(c) Introduction of NEP
(d) Delicensing
Options:
(i) a, c, d, b
(ii) b, c, d, a
(iii) d, b, a, c
(iv) c, a, d, b
Answer:
(ii) b, c, d, a

Question 2.
(a) Poor performance of PSUs
(b) LPG policy
(c) Public sector was playing a dominant role
(d) Role of the private sector increased
Options:
(i) a, c, d, b
(ii) b, c, d, a
(iii) c, a, b, d
(iv) d, b, a, c
Answer:
(iii) c, a, b, d

Question 3.
(a) Demand for software engineers increased in developed countries
(b) Role of the private sector increased
(c) Help to earn foreign exchange
(d) Revolution in IT sector
Options:
(i) b, d, a, c
(ii) a, c, d, b
(iii) c, a, b, d
(iv) d, a, c, b
Answer:
(i) b, d, a, c

1E. Find the odd word out:

Question 1.
Indian companies into foreign collaboration- Maruti – Suzuki, Hero – Honda, Mahindra & Mahindra, Tata – Timken
Answer:
Mahindra & Mahindra

Question 2.
Encouragement to exports – EXIM, SEZ, AEZ, FERA
Answer:
FERA

Question 3.
Units in which disinvestment take place – Maruti, ONGC, ITDC, VSNL
Answer:
ONGC.

1F. Complete the following statements:

Question 1.
Before new economic policy, interest rate was determined by __________
Answer:
RBI

Question 2.
The NEP gave dominant position to the __________
Answer:
private sector

Question 3.
At present 100 percent FDI is allowed in __________
Answer:
electricity generation projects

Question 4.
A country may not attain self sufficiency in food production because of __________
Answer:
globalization

Question 5.
An adverse effect of NEP on farmers is __________
Answer:
indebtedness and poverty of poor farmer

Question 6.
The main objective of NEP, 1991 is to plunge India into __________
Answer:
arena of globalisation

Question 7.
Rapid industrial growth took place after abolition of __________
Answer:
MRTP Act

Question 8.
Two industries reserved for public sector are __________
Answer:
railways and atomic energy

Question 9.
National Renewal Board took the responsibility of providing __________
Answer:
compensation to retrenched workers

Question 10.
Public Sector Units (PSU’s) have been categorised into __________
Answer:
Miniratnas and Maharatnas.

1G. Choose the wrong pair:

Question 1.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: FDI – Promote imports

Question 2.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Disinvestment – Less investment

Question 3.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: FEMA – Fund Exchange Management Act.

1H. Match the correct pairs:

Question 1.

Answer:
Correct Pairs: (1) – (c), (2) – (e), (3) – (a), (4) – (b), (5) – (d).

Question 2.

Answer:
Correct Pairs: (1) – (c), (2) – (a), (3) – (e), (4) – (b), (5) – (d).

2. Identify and explain the concepts from the given illustrations:

Question 1.
It is the regulator of the securities market in India.
Answer:
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
SEBI was established on 12th April 1992. SEBI has the power to approve bye-laws of Securities Exchanges, inspect the books of account of financial intermediaries, registration of brokers and sub-brokers.

Question 2.
Abolition of government license to carry any business or industrial activity.
Answer:
Delicensing.
Except for 18 specified industries of strategic importance, all industries required a license. Later on, only 4 industries required compulsory licensing. They are – Electronic Aerospace and defense equipment, Industrial Explosives, Hazardous chemicals, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, and Cigarettes.

3. Assertion and Reasoning questions:

Question 1.
Assertion (A): The creation of NRB is an important measure of privatization.
Reasoning (R): To solve the problem of unemployment and poverty among the workers of closed public sector units.
(a) (A) is TRUE but (R) is FALSE
(b) (A) is FALSE but (R) is TRUE
(c) (A) and (R) both are TRUE and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(d) (A) and (R) both are TRUE but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
Answer:
(c) (A) and (R) both are TRUE and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 2.
Assertion (A): In India FDI has very limited scope since 1991.
Reasoning (R): Foreign capital is allowed in the Indian economy without any restrictions.
(a) (A) is TRUE but (R) is FALSE
(b) (A) is FALSE but (R) is TRUE
(c) (A) and (R) both are TRUE and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(d) (A) and (R) both are TRUE but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
Answer:
(b) (A) is FALSE but (R) is TRUE

Question 3.
Assertion (A): In post NEP imports of the country has increased.
Reasoning (R): It helps to solve the problem of inflation.
(a) (A) is TRUE but (R) is FALSE
(b) (A) is FALSE but (R) is TRUE
(c) (A) and (R) both are TRUE and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(d) (A) and (R) both are TRUE but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
Answer:
(c) (A) and (R) both are TRUE and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

4. Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Privatisation and Globalisation.
Answer:

Question 2.
Liberalisation and Privatisation.
Answer:

Question 3.
Agriculture and Industry.
Answer:

Question 4.
Private Sector and Public Sector.
Answer:

5. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Explain any two positive effects or achievements of NEP.
Answer:

• Improvement in educational standards: Standards of educational institutions are improving. Our students are getting opportunities to study abroad.
• Diversification of cropping: Due to globalization, the farmers have shifted from practicing traditional cropping to non-traditional cropping patterns.

Question 2.
What is globalization? How does it help to increase foreign capital?
Answer:
Globalization means the interaction of the domestic economy with the rest of the world with regard to foreign investment, trade, production, and financial matters. The government has opened the economy to foreign investments. Foreign capital is allowed in India without any restrictions. This flow of foreign capital encouraged high-priority industries to boost their production.

Question 3.
What are the objectives of NEP 1991?
Answer:

• To make the Indian economy market-oriented by introducing it in the arena of globalization. To bring down the rate of inflation.
• To move towards a higher economic growth rate.
• To build sufficient foreign exchange reserve.
• To achieve economic stabilization.
• To promote international trade by removing restrictions.
• To increase the participation of private players in all sectors of the economy.
• To reduce the reserved numbers of sectors for the government.
• To reduce the gap between import and export (BOP).

Question 4.
What is Privatization?
Answer:
Privatisation means allowing the private sector to set up industries that were previously reserved for the public sector. Privatisation is the process of transferring ownership of Public Sector Units (PSUs) to the private sector. Privatisation led to disinvestment, dereservation, the establishment of BIFR and NRB, etc.

Question 5.
What are the negative effects of NEP 1991 on farmers?
Answer:
Due to a lack of capital, poor farmers were unable to grow exportable crops. They were forced to sell their land or take extreme steps. Thus, they faced the problem of indebtedness and poverty.

Question 6.
Explain any 4 features of Economic Policy, 1991.
Answer:
Features of Economic Policy, 1991:

• Delicensing: The new industrial policy abolished all industrial licensing, except 18 specified industries related to security and strategic concerns and social reasons.
• Abolition of MRTP Act: No prior approval of the MRTP commission is now required for setting up industrial units by the large business houses.
• Encouragement to Small Scale Industries (SSI): The investment limit of the SSI has been increased up to 5 crores which will help to upgrade their machinery.
• Encouraging Foreign Investment: Many industrial units were open to foreign investment under the 1991 policy. The limit was raised to 51% and 100% in some industries and 100% in mining, pollution control equipment, electricity generation projects, ports, etc.

Question 7.
State the measures taken for Liberalisation.
Answer:
Measures were taken for Liberalisation:

• Banks are free to determine the rate of interest. Earlier it was determined by RBI.
• The industries are free to expand and produce. The producers are now free to produce anything on the basis of demand in the market.
• Companies falling under MRTP Act are given a concession. Firms are free to make decisions regarding investment.
• FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act) was introduced in place of FERA.
• Domestic and foreign investment is allowed in infrastructure to improve its quality.
• SEBI was formed to secure the interest of the investors.

6. State with reasons whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Question 1.
Agriculture and industry are interdependent or complementary.
Answer:
Yes, I do agree with the statement.

• In a country like India, there are many agro-based industries like sugar, textile, oil, etc.
• These industries depend on agriculture for their raw materials.
• Hence, agriculture supports industries.
• Industries also support agriculture in the sense that new methods of agriculture require more use of pump sets, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural implements, etc.
• All these are produced and supplied by the industrial sector.
• With the help of these inputs, farmers produce more output.
• Hence, the statement agriculture and industry are interdependent is a true statement.

Question 2.
There are no benefits of globalisation.
OR
There is no impact of globalisation on the Indian economy.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.
Globalisation for any country is important and the benefits are as follows:

• Globalisation helps developing countries to improve overall economic management and make their economies efficient.
• An increase in competition reduces the cost and improves the quality of products.
• More varieties are made available to consumers and at lower prices.
• Countries can get access to foreign investment and keep interest rates low.
• Political stability is established.

Question 3.
The NEP has not achieved anything in India.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.

• NEP brought a revolution in the IT sector which helps to earn foreign exchange.
• It strengthened the financial sector by raising the competition among the banks.
• The standard of educational institutions is improving.
• It helps to improve the conditions of the BOP.
• It helped to increase the exports of our country.
• It also helped farmers by diversifying their cropping pattern i.e. from traditional products to non-traditional products.

7. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
Explain the measures taken for Privatisation.
Answer:
Privatisation means allowing the private sector to set up industries that were previously reserved for the public sector. Privatisation is the process of transferring ownership of Pubilc Sector Units (PSUs) to the private sector.

Measures were taken for Privatisation:

• Dereservation Policy: The number of industries reserved for the public sector has been gradually reduced to only two and all other industries are deserved i.e. opened up for the private sector.
• Establishment of BIFR: Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) has been set up to make the decisions about sick public sector units i.e. whether to close or revive them.
• Creation of NRB: National Revival Board (NRB) has been set up to take care of unemployed workers of the sick units.
• Status of Navratna: On the basis of strategic importance, nine public sector enterprises were selected and given the status of ‘Navratnas’ i.e. they were given the full managerial and financial freedom to make them global giants. Some are ONGC, BHEL, HPCL, SAIL, etc.
• Disinvestment: This was an important step undertaken to reform public sector. The Government started selling PSUs to the private sector, those are running at a loss. e.g. Maruti Udyog Ltd. VSNL, etc.

Question 2.
What is Liberalisation? Explain the measures taken for liberalisation.
Answer:
Liberalisation means ‘economic freedom’ or ‘freedom for economic decisions’. All economic units are free to take decisions for self-interest e.g. consumer, producer, owner of a factor of production, etc.

Measures were taken for Liberalisation:

• The flexibility of Interest rate: Banks are free to determine the rate of interest. Earlier it was determined by RBI.
• Freedom for expansion of industries: The industries are free to expand and produce. The producers are now free to produce anything on the basis of demand in the market.
• Abolition of Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices: Companies falling under MRTP Act are given concession. Firms are free to make decisions regarding investment.
• Reforms in FERA: FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act) was introduced in place of FERA. It will encourage international trade.
• Investments in infrastructure: Domestic and foreign investment is allowed in infrastructure to improve its quality.
• Encouragement to foreign technology: The use of foreign technologies allowed in high-priority industries resulting in cost cuts.
• SEBI: SEBI was formed to secure the interest of the investors and to regulate the securities market.

Question 3.
Write about major achievements of the NEP of 1991.
Answer:
Major Achievements:

• Revolution in the IT sector: The contribution of the IT sector to national income has considerably increased. The demand for software engineers has increased in the developed countries.
• Improved financial facilities: The financial sector has become more competitive due to the entry of private and foreign banks.
• Improvement in educational standards: Standards of educational institutions are improving and our students are getting more opportunities to study abroad.
• Increase in exports: Due to rising in export, the conditions of our adverse balance of payment is improving.
• Diversification of cropping: Due to globalization, the farmers have shifted from practicing traditional cropping to non-traditional cropping patterns.
• Solves the problem of scarcity: Due to liberal imports, the economy can overcome the scarcity of goods and raw materials.

Question 4.
Critically evaluate the NEP of 1991.
Answer:
Though NEP, 1991 brought many achievements to the economy, it has also brought failures in many areas:
Failures of Economic Policy, 1991:

• Lack of self-sufficiency: Globalisation led to the diversion of production to export-oriented products which were demanded globally. This failed to achieve self-sufficiency in the home country.
• Adverse effect on the domestic market: Imported goods were cheaper and were flooded in the Indian market due to liberal import policy. Thus, domestic markets were adversely affected due to globalisation and liberalisation.
• Affected poor farmers: Poor farmers were not able to produce goods as per the export standards due to a lack of capital. So, the benefits of globalisation and liberalisation reached rich farmers only. This led to the selling of lands by small farmers for their survival.
• Unhealthy competition: Indian companies could not match the competition with multinational companies and as a result, many Indian Companies had to declare themselves as ‘sick units’ or had to close down the industry-leading to unemployment and poverty in the society.
• Neglects welfare aspect: Privatisation led to an increase in prices of products and services, as private firms are profit-oriented and not welfare-oriented. They are more interested in their profits rather than the welfare of society. Thus, the economic policy of 1991 failed to achieve the welfare of the masses.
• Unemployment: Closing down of companies due to unhealthy competition by multinational companies, led to unemployment in the economy. An increase in the unemployment level in the country led to poverty and inequality.

Question 5.
How globalization will help to increase foreign exchange reserves?
Answer:
Globalisation refers to a borderless economy having a free flow of goods and services, capital, labour, technology, etc.
In other words, it means integrating the economy of a country with the world economy.

Globalisation has helped the economy to increase foreign exchange reserve in the following ways:

• Encouragement to Foreign Capital: Due to globalisation, foreign investors were allowed to invest in Indian companies. Thus, foreign capital started flowing into various sectors of the economy. This led to an increase in the earnings of foreign currency.
• Convertibility of Rupee: Due to globalisation and new economic policy, Rupee was made fully convertible ‘ into all current account transactions. This made foreign transactions easy and hence, the foreign currency started flowing into our economy.
• Foreign Collaboration: Due to liberalization and globalisation, any trade was possible throughout the world. Indian companies made foreign collaboration to increase their business. This led to the flow of foreign exchange currency in India. E.g. Maruti-Suzuki, Hero Honda, etc.
• Encouragement to Export: Due to the introduction of the Exim Policy, various incentives were allowed to exporters which made exporters do business on a larger scale. This increased India’s export and foreign exchange currency reserves. Thus to conclude, globalisation has overall encouraged to increase the foreign exchange reserves.

8. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

In the Second Five Year Plan (1956), the public sector played a major role by setting up basic and heavy industries for the economic and industrial development of India. In India, most of the Public Sector Units (PSUs) were working inefficiently. So, many PSUs were running in loss. PSUs never have competitive nature. PSUs know that whenever they will go into loss, they will be bailed out by the government. This attitude kills that competitiveness and cost-effective working nature of the unit which is necessary to earn profit.

In 1991, the Government decided to transfer ownership to the private sector which is more efficient in management, allocation of resources, better services to its customers, etc. Also, it helps to develop the local capital market and source of revenue to the government. Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) was established in 1986 by the Government of India to bring internet to our country. In 2002, the Government of India decided to disinvest its shareholdings. TATA group acquired a 45% stake in VSNL. On 13th February 2008, VSNL was completely acquired by TATA Group and renamed TATA Communications.

At present, TATA Communications connects its customers in global offices at speed of up to 10 Gbits. It delivers voice, video, and data connectivity through subsea cable networks in 200 countries and territories. In 2018, annual income is 5575.96 crores and net profit (after deducting taxes) is 266.63 crores.

Question 1.
In which five-year plan emphasis is given to developing the public sector?
Answer:
In the second five-year plan, emphasis was given to develop the public sector.

Question 2.
Identify the reasons for the poor performance of PSUs.
Answer:
PSUs were working inefficiently, lack of competitive nature, dependence on bailed out by the government, lack in cost-effective working nature, etc. led to poor performance of PSUs.

Question 3.
Find out the economic concepts from this case study.
Answer:
Privatisation and Disinvestment.

Question 4.
Explain the benefits of privatisation.
Answer:
Under privatisation, ownership is transferred from the public sector to the private sector because the private sector is more efficient in resource allocation, management and provides better services to the customers. Privatization can be an important source of revenue to the government and help to develop local capital markets.

Question 5.
Explain the growth of VSNL after privatisation.
Answer:
In 2008, privatisation of VSNL took place. VSNL was completely acquired by the TATA group and renamed TATA Communication. At present TATA Communication is providing internet services globally. Its cable network is in 200 countries and territories. The annual income is 5575.96 crores and the net profit is 266.63 crores in 2018.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Economics Important Questions Chapter 3 Partition Values Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Economics Important Questions Chapter 3 Partition Values

1A. Complete the correlation:

Question 1.
Quartiles : 4 parts : : 10 parts : __________
Answer:
Deciles

Question 2.
10 parts : Deciles : : Percentiles : __________
Answer:
100 parts

Question 3.
Individual Data : __________ : : Discrete Data : \(\bar{x}=\frac{\sum f_{i} x_{i}}{n}\)
Answer:
\(\bar{x}=\frac{\sum x}{n}\)

Question 4.
Q₂ : Q₅₀ : : D₅ : __________
Answer:
Median

1B. Suggest the economic terms for the given statements:

Question 1.
The value that divides the data into hundred equal parts.
Answer:
Percentiles

Question 2.
Values that divide the data into the required number of equal parts.
Answer:
Partition values or Fractiles

Question 3.
Value of the middlemost observation in the data.
Answer:
Median

Question 4.
Extreme value on the lower side and higher side in magnitude.
Answer:
Outliers

Question 5.
Q₂ = D₅ = P₆₀
Answer:
Median

Question 6.
Partition value used in the measurement of test scores, health indicators, etc.
Answer:
Percentiles

Question 7.
Partition value is used to assess the performance of portfolio investment.
Answer:
Declies

1C. Arrange in proper order:

Question 1.
Steps to find Q₁ and Q₃ for continuous frequency distribution.
(a) Determine the quartile class
(b) Arrange the data in ascending or descending order.
(c) Find out cumulative frequency (cf)
(d) Write respective frequencies of the class
Options:
(1) a, b, c, d
(2) b, d, c, a
(3) b, c, d, a
(4) c, d, b, a
Answer:
(1) b, d, c, a

1D. Find the odd word out:

Question 1.
Percentile, Mercantile, Decile, Quartile
Answer:
Mercantile

Question 2.
Mean, Mode, Meridian, Median
Answer:
Meridian

Question 3.
P.C.Mahalanobis, Statistics Day, Fractile Graphical Analysis, Demand Analysis.
Answer:
Demand Analysis

Question 4.
Percentile, Health indicator, Quartile, Household income.
Answer:
Quartile

1F. Complete the following statement.

Question 1.
There are __________ deciles.
Answer:
nine

Question 2.
There are __________ percentiles.
Answer:
ninety-nine

Question 3.
There are __________ quartiles.
Answer:
three

Question 4.
50th percentile is equal to __________ deciles.
Answer:
fifth

Question 5.
25th percentile is equal to __________ quartile.
Answer:
first

Question 6.
Percentiles divide the series in __________ equal parts.
Answer:
hundred

Question 7.
Value that divides the data into 10 equal parts is called __________
Answer:
deciles

Question 8.
50th percentile is equal to __________
Answer:
5th decile

Question 9.
The value of the first quartile is __________
Answer:
\(\left(\frac{n+1}{4}\right)^{\text {th }}\) observation

Question 10.
The value of the 3rd quartile is __________
Answer:
\(3\left(\frac{n+1}{4}\right)^{\text {th } \text { Observation }}\)

Question 11.
Value that divides the whole set of observation into four equal parts is called __________
Answer:
Quartile

Question 12.
29th June is celebrated as __________
Answer:
Statistics Day

Question 13.
Value which divide the data into required number of equal parts are called __________
Answer:
partition values

Question 14.
Fractile graphical analysis, a statistical method was devised by __________
Answer:
Prof. P. C. Mahalanobis.

2. Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Quartiles and Deciles.
Answer:

Question 2.
Deciles and Percentiles.
Answer:

3. Solve the following:

Type – I: Problems Based on Quartiles

Question 1.
Find Q₁, Q₂ and Q₃ from the following data:
65, 82, 68, 67, 84, 83, 66, 69, 81, 70, 85
Answer:
Q₁ = 67, Q₂ = 70, Q₃ = 83

Question 2.
Find Q₁ and Q₃ from the following data:
3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15
Answer:
Q₁ = 6, Q₃ = 12

Question 3.
Find first and third Quartiles from the following data:

Answer:
Q₁ = 34, Q₃ = 40

Question 4.
Find Q₁, Q₂, and Q₃?

Answer:
Q₁ = 450, Q₂ = 550, Q₃ = 650

Question 5.
Find Q₁ and Q₃ from the following data:

Answer:
Q₁ = 250, Q₃ = 450

Question 6.
Find Q₄ and Q₃ from the following data:

Answer:
Q₄ = 20.33 , Q₃ = 35.25

Question 7.
Find Q₁, Q₂, and Q₃:

Answer:
Q₁ = 17.22, Q₂ = 27.41, Q₃ = 39

Type – II: Problems Based on Decile

Question 1.
Find D₄ and D₈ from the following data:
20, 26, 24, 32, 22, 28, 30, 36, 34
Answer:
D₄ = 26, D₈ = 34

Question 2.
Find D₁, D₄, and D₈ for the following data:
61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79.
Answer:
D₁ = 62, D₄ = 68, D₈ = 76

Question 3.
Find D₂ and D₄ from the following data:

Answer:
D₂ = 20, D₄ = 40

Question 4.
Find D₅ and D₉:

Answer:
D₅ = 4, D₉ = 5

Question 5.
Find D₅ for the following distribution.

Answer:
D₅ = 40.33

Question 6.
Find D₄ and D₆ from the following data:

Answer:
D₄ = 30, D₆ = 43

Type – III: Problems Based on Percentiles

Question 1.
Find Percentiles:
Calculate 50th Percentile from the following data:
20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60
Answer:
P₅₀ = 40

Question 2.
Calculate P₂₁ and P₉₇ for:

Answer:
P₂₁ = 3, P₉₇ = 8

Question 3.
Find P₉₀ from the following data:

Answer:
P₉₀ = 40

Question 4.
Calculate P₆₀ and P₈₀ from the following data:

Answer:
P₆₀ = 40, P₈₀ = 48.33

Type – IV: Comprehensive Problems

Question 1.
Find Q₁, D₅ and P₄₅ for the following data:

Answer:
Q₁ = 1862.64, D₅ = 2666.67, P₄₅ = 2500

4. State with reasons whether you agree or disagree with the following statements

Question 1.
Q₂ divides the series into equal parts.
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the statement.

• Quartiles are the values of data that divide the series or data into four equal parts.
• Each represents one-quarter of the data when arranged in ascending and descending order.
• These 3 values are called Q₁, Q₂, and Q₃.
• Q₂ is nothing but the median or the middlemost value.
• Hence, Q₂ divides the series into two equal parts.

Question 2.
The 25th percentile is equal to the first quartile.
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the statement.

• Percentile is the value that divides the series into 100 equal parts, while quartile divides the series into 4 equal parts.
• Therefore, the first quartile is equal to the 25th percentile.

Question 3.
There is no difference between quartiles, deciles, and percentiles.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.

• Quartiles are the values that divide the series into 4 equal parts, whereas deciles are the values that divide the series into 10 equal parts, while percentiles divide the series into 100 equal parts.
• Quartiles consist of 3 values, while deciles are of 9 values and percentiles are of 99 values.
• Hence, though quartiles, deciles, and percentiles are interrelated, they differ from each other.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Economics Important Questions Chapter 5 Rural Development in India Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Economics Important Questions Chapter 5 Rural Development in India

1A. Choose the correct option and rewrite the sentence:

Question 1.
Short term loans not exceeding two years are taken ___________
(a) to buy tractor
(b) to make improvements on land
(c) for meeting expenses on religious or social ceremonies
(d) for digging up of canals
Answer:
(c) for meeting expenses on religious or social ceremonies

Question 2.
Non-institutional sources of agricultural credit are related to ___________
(a) the loan provided by landlords, money-lenders, traders, etc.
(b) NABARD, which is an apex institution in rural credit structure.
(c) Rural Co-operative credit institutions.
(d) Commercial banks establish branches to provide credit.
Answer:
(a) the loan provided by landlords, money-lenders, traders, etc.

Question 3.
The service sector termed as ‘tertiary sector’ ___________
(a) has been subdivided into agriculture and allied activities.
(b) includes transport, restaurants, tourism, etc.
(c) is concerned with the processing of raw materials.
(d) consists of the plantation, forestry, fisheries, dairy, etc.
Answer:
(b) includes transport, restaurants, tourism, etc.

Question 4.
Rural development leads to an increase in rural incomes and standard of living.
(a) It is related to only agricultural development.
(b) Indian economy is predominantly an urban economy.
(c) Credit has to be used for personal consumption only.
(d) This helps in the eradication of poverty.
Answer:
(d) This helps in the eradication of poverty.

Question 5.
Agricultural policies have been reviewed from time to time.
(a) so as there are adequate savings to finance farming.
(b) as India’s economic growth depends upon agricultural development only.
(c) so as to provide adequate and timely finance to the rural sector.
(d) so as to restrict money lenders from charging a high rates of interest.
Answer:
(c) so as to provide adequate and timely finance to the rural sector.

1B. Complete the correlation:

Question 1.
Industrial Sector : Cottage Industries : : Service Sector : ___________
Answer:
Transport

Question 2.
___________ : Allied Activities : : Industrial Sector : Rural Industries.
Answer:
Agricultural Sector

Question 3.
Purchase of Tractor : ___________ : : Loans for Marriages : Unproductive Loans.
Answer:
Productive Loan

Question 4.
Institutional Sources : Regional Rural Banks : : ___________ : Money Lenders.
Answer:
Non-institutional Sources

Question 5.
Short term Credit Co-operatives : State Co-operative Banks : : Long term Credit Co-operatives : ___________
Answer:
State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks.

1C. Suggest the economic terms for the given statements:

Question 1.
The strategy is designed to improve the economic and social life of a specific group of people.
Answer:
Rural Development

Question 2.
Division of Agricultural sector.
Answer:
tertiary sector

Question 3.
An industrial activity concerned with the processing of raw materials.
Answer:
final consumers

Question 4.
Sector concerned with services to business and the final consumer.
Answer:
traders, professionals and technicians

Question 5.
Loan not exceeding two years.
Answer:
economic growth

Question 6.
Loan up to a period of five years.
Answer:
purchase of fertilizers and HYV seeds

Question 7.
Loan for a period of more than five years.
Answer:
buying cattle or agricultural equipment

Question 8.
Justified loan related to agricultural production.
Answer:
Productive loan

Question 9.
A loan used for personal consumption.
Answer:
Unproductive loan

Question 10.
A banking institution to provide finance for agriculture and rural development.
Answer:
Government of India

1D. Find the odd word out.

Question 1.
Agricultural Sector – Plantation, Forestry, Fisheries, Restaurant
Answer:
Restaurant

Question 2.
Service Sector – Computer Service, Horticulture, Tourism, Restaurant
Answer:
Horticulture

Question 3.
Terms related to Rural Development in India – Public health, Literacy, Suppression of women power, Land reforms.
Answer:
Suppression of women’s power.

1E. Complete the following statements:

Question 1.
A strategy designed to improve the economic and social life of a specific group of people is called ___________
Answer:
Rural Development

Question 2.
The service sector is also termed as ___________
Answer:
Agriculture and Allied activities

Question 3.
The service sector involves services to business as well as ___________
Answer:
Industrial sector

Question 4.
The service sector is further classified into ___________
Answer:
Service sector

Question 5.
Appropriate strategies for rural development will lead to ___________
Answer:
Short term credit

Question 6.
Short term credit is required for ___________
Answer:
Medium-term credit

Question 7.
Medium-term credit is taken for ___________
Answer:
Long term credit

Question 8.
Purchase of tractor, land, seeds, etc are the examples of ___________
Answer:
Productive loan

Question 9.
Loan taken for expenditure on marriage or religious ceremony is called as ___________
Answer:
Unproductive loan

Question 10.
NABARD today is fully owned by ___________
Answer:
NABARD

1F. Choose the wrong pair:

Question 1.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Enforcement of law and order – Eradication of poverty

Question 2.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Infrastructure development – HYV seeds

Question 3.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: RRB’s – Cater to the needs of urban poor

Question 4.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: DCCB – Development Central Co-operative Banks

2. Identify and explain the concepts from the given illustrations:

Question 1.
Govind bought a bullock by taking a loan for a period of 5 years.
Answer:
Medium Term Loan.
The medium-term loan is taken for a period of 5 years and it is generally taken to buy cattle or agricultural equipment or digging up of canals.

Question 2.
Surekha established a handloom industry to cater to the needs of the rural poor in the village.
Answer:
Cottage Industry.
The cottage industry is a manufacturing activity carried in the house of an individual. It is a small-scale industry with a minimum amount of investment, making job opportunities for the rural people in the village.

Question 3.
Gulabrao took money from a landlord for the marriage of his son.
Answer:
Unproductive Loan.
The unproductive loan is taken for personal consumption purposes. It is not related to productive activities like loans taken for marriages or to perform religious ceremonies.

Question 4.
There was a considerable socio-economic change in ‘Jamdul’ village after the generation of electricity.
Answer:
Infrastructure Development.
Infrastructure development is a result of rural development programmes. It leads to further progress of an economy.

Question 5.
Nand Kumar started a cyber cafe near the bus stand to provide computer services.
Answer:
Service Sector.
The service sector involves the provision of services to businesses as well as services to final consumers like accounting
services, mechanical services, plumbing services, computer services, etc.

3. Assertion and Reasoning questions:

Question 1.
Assertion (A): Money lending has been a widely prevalent profession in villages.
Reasoning (R): Commercial Banks provide rural credit by establishing their branches in rural areas. Options:
(i) (A) is true, but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Question 2.
Assertion (A): Protection of Tenancy rights leads to a reduction in rural inequality.
Reasoning (R): Rural development ensures effective implementation of land reforms.
Options:
(i) (A) is true, but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 3.
Assertion (A): Short-term loans are not exceeding two years.
Reasoning (R): They are generally required for digging up canals.
Options:
(i) (A) is true, but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Question 4.
Assertion (A): Literacy is a powerful instrument of socio-economic change.
Reasoning (R): Unproductive credit is economically justified.
Options:
(i) (A) is true, but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.

4. Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Short Term Credit and Medium Term Credit.
Answer:

Question 2.
Medium-Term Credit and Long Term Credit.
Answer:

Question 3
Short Term Credit and Long Term Credit.
Answer:

Question 4.
Productive Loan and Unproductive Loan.
Answer:

Question 5.
Non-institutional Sources of Agricultural Credit and Institutional Sources of Agricultural Credit.
Answer:

5. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Explain Rural occupational structure.
Answer:
Rural development is necessary to improve the economic and social life of the rural people.
The rural occupational structure can be classified as follows:

• Agricultural sector
• Industrial sector
• Service sector

(a) Agricultural sector: The rural population in India is mainly engaged in the agricultural sector. It is sub-divided as agriculture and allied activities. Agriculture consists of small marginal and large farmers. Allied activities include plantation, poultry farming, fisheries, forestry, dairy, horticulture, mining, etc.

(b) Industrial sector: It includes economic activities related to the processing of raw materials and the manufacture of goods. Occupations related to construction work, electricity, banking, insurance, trade, finance, education, etc., also fall under the Industrial sector. It is further classified as a small-scale industry, cottage industry, and rural industry.

(c) Service sector: It is also called the tertiary sector. It includes services like accounting services, mechanic or plumbing services, banking and insurance, computer service, etc. It is further classified into traders, transport operators, professionals, and technical.

Question 2.
Write a short note on NABARD.
Answer:
NABARD:

• NABARD is the Apex banking institution. National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development was established on 12th July 1982, with a paid-up capital of ₹ 100 crores. 50% contribution was paid by the government and 50% by RBI.
• NABARD plays an energetic role in strengthening and re-organizing the credit structure in the country.
• NABARD provides credit to agriculture, small-scale industries, cottage and village industries, handicrafts, and other allied activities.
• The money required by the primary agricultural credit societies is provided by NABARD. It reduces regional imbalances.
• Today, NABARD is fully owned by the Government of India. NABARD is connected to district and state co-operative banks and RRB’s (Regional Rural Banks) for rural development.

Question 3.
Explain the term Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs).
Answer:
Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs):

• They offer rural credit on concessional interest rates.
• The beneficiaries of this scheme are the marginal farmers, landless labourers, artisans, and craftsmen in the rural areas.
• However, small farmers are unable to access rural credit.
• It is due to its inflexible procedure and high transaction cost.
• Thus, NGOs (Non- government Organisations) help the rural poor.

Question 4.
Explain Rural Co-operative Credit Institutions.
Answer:
Agricultural credit is an important prerequisite for agricultural growth.
Classification of Rural Co-operative Credit Institutions are as follows:

The rural co-operative credit institutions are divided into short-term credit co-operatives and long-term credit co-operatives.

(i) Short-term credit Co-operatives provide short-term rural credit. They are based on a three-tier structure.
Primary Agricultural Credit Societies operate at the village level, DCCB at the district level, and SCB at the state level.

(ii) Long-term credit Co-operatives meet the long-term requirements of the farmers. They are organized at two levels. Primary Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks operate at the village level as an independent unit. State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks operate at the state level through their branches in different villages. They provide credit to the rural and agricultural sectors for their development.

Question 5.
Explain Non-institutional Sources of Credit.
Answer:
Non-Institutional Sources of Credit:
Non-institutional sources of credit play a prominent role in supplying rural credit.
The important sources of non-institutional credit are as follows:
(i) Moneylenders: It is easy to obtain loans from money lenders as the lenders and borrowers are known to each other. Easy access, simple procedure, and no restriction on the use of land attract farmers towards this loan. However, money lenders mortgage the land and charge high rates of interest on credit. It may result in the indebtedness of farmers.

(ii) Other Private Sources: It includes traders, landlords, commission agents, relatives, and friends, etc. At present, the share of non-institutional finance is declining.

Question 6.
Explain the classification of agricultural credit on the basis of the time period.
Answer:
On the basis of tenure (time period), agricultural credit is classified as follows:

• Short Term credit
• Medium Term credit
• Long Term credit

(i) Short Term Credit: It is required for consumption and to carry out farming and other activities. It is for a period not exceeding 2 years. It is taken to meet expenses on purchasing fertilizer, fodder, HYV seeds as well as to meet religious expenses or expenses of social ceremonies. These loans are normally repaid after the harvest period.

(ii) Medium Term Credit: The period for these loans is up to 5 years. It is mainly needed to purchase cattle, equipment, to make improvements on the land, to dig up canals, etc.

(iii) Long Term Credit: When farmers borrow a loan for a period of more than 5 years, it is called a long-term loan. It is mainly used to buy additional land, irrigation, making permanent improvements on the land, etc.

Question 7.
Explain the classification of agricultural credit on the basis of purpose.
Answer:
Agricultural credit is an important prerequisite for agricultural growth.
On the basis of purpose there are two types of agricultural credit which is as follows:

• Productive loan
• Unproductive loan.

(i) Productive loans: Productive loans are those which are related to agricultural equipment. Productive loans help to increase farmers’ income in the future.

(ii) Unproductive loans: Unproductive loans are used for personal consumption.
e.g. loans are taken for religious and social celebrations, birth and death ceremonies, expenditure on marriages, etc.
Unproductive loans increase the debt burden of the farmers.

6. State with reasons whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Question 1.
Unproductive loans are economically justified.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.

• Productive loans are economically justified as they are used for production purposes.
• Unproductive loans are used for personal consumption and are not related to productive activity.
• Eg. loans for expenditure on marriages or religious ceremonies.
• Thus, unproductive loans are not economically justified.

Question 2.
RRBs are set up as rural-oriented commercial banks with a low-cost profile of co-operatives.
Answer:
Yes, I do agree with the statement.

• RRBs cater to the needs of the rural poor.
• RRBs work with the professional decision and modern outlook of commercial banks.
• They are specialized banks established under RRB Act, 1976.
• Thus, we can say RRBs are rural-oriented commercial banks.

Question 3.
The interest charged by the money lenders is usually very low.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.

• Moneylenders are the private lenders of credit.
• They fall under the non-institutional sources of agricultural credit.
• They provide loans to farmers against land or other assets as collateral security.
• Thus, they charge a high rate of interest and mortgage the property of the cultivators.

Question 4.
Long Term Credit is for a period of up to 5 years.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.

• Long Term loans are generally taken by the farmers to buy farming equipment, tractor, additional land, to make permanent improvements on the land, or to pay old debts, etc.
• It is generally bigger in amount, hence, it is taken for a longer period of time for more than 5 years.
• A longer period makes repayment easier for the borrowers.
• Thus, it is taken for more than 5 years period.

7. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
Write the significance of Rural Development in India.
Answer:
The significance of Rural Development in India are as follows:

• Public Health and Sanitation: Rural development helps to improve sanitation and hygiene. It improves the quality of life.
• Literacy Rate: Rural development helps to increase the literacy rate. It helps to make provisions for educational facilities.
• Empowerment of Women: Rural development helps to reduce gender disparity. It also encourages women’s participation in community development programs.
• Enforcement of Law and Order: Rural development helps to safeguard the rights of the rural people.
• Land Reforms: Rural development results in effective implementation of land reforms like regulation
  of rent, protection of tenancy rights, etc. It reduces rural inequality.
• Infrastructural Development: Infrastructure refers to all those services and facilities which are necessary for economic growth. Rural development leads to infrastructural development, e.g. power generation, transportation, irrigation, banking, etc.
• Availability of Credit: Rural development also leads to an increase in financial institutions like credit societies, RRB’s, Cooperative banks, etc. The provision of credit helps the farmers to improve their standard of living.
• Eradication of Poverty: Due to rural development, there is an increase in rural incomes. It results in the eradication of poverty. In short, rural development is necessary for the overall development of the rural sector and to improve the quality of life.

Question 2.
Explain in detail the types of Agricultural Credit.
Answer:

On the basis of tenure (time period), agricultural credit is classified as follows:

• Short Term credit
• Medium Term credit
• Long Term credit

(i) Short Term Credit: It is required for consumption and to carry out farming and other activities. It is for a period not exceeding 2 years. It is taken to meet expenses on purchasing fertilizer, fodder, HYV seeds as well as to meet religious expenses or expenses of social ceremonies. These loans are normally repaid after the harvest period.

(ii) Medium Term Credit: The period for these loans is up to 5 years. It is mainly needed to purchase cattle, equipment, to make improvements on the land, to dig up canals, etc.

(iii) Long Term Credit: When farmers borrow a loan for a period of more than 5 years, it is called a long-term loan. It is mainly used to buy additional land, irrigation, making permanent improvements on the land, etc.

Agricultural credit is an important prerequisite for agricultural growth.
On the basis of purpose there are two types of agricultural credit which is as follows:

• Productive loan
• Unproductive loan.

(i) Productive loans: Productive loans are those which are related to agricultural equipment. Productive loans help to increase farmers’ income in the future.

(ii) Unproductive loans: Unproductive loans are used for personal consumption.
e.g. loans taken for religious and social celebrations, birth and death ceremonies, expenditure on marriages, etc.
Unproductive loans increase the debt burden of the farmers.

Question 3.
Explain the institutional sources of Agricultural Credit in India.
Answer:
The main aim of institutional sources of agricultural credit is to provide timely and adequate credit to farmers for increasing their agricultural productions.

Institutional sources of agricultural credit in India are as follows:
(i) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD): It is at the top of banking institutions providing finance for agriculture and rural development, promotion of agriculture, small-scale industries, cottage, and village industries, handicrafts, etc. NABARD today is totally owned by the Government of India.

(ii) Rural Co-operative Credit Institutions:
It is divided into:

• Short-term credit co-operatives: This co-operative works through its three-tier structure i.e. PACS, DCCB, and SCB.
• Long-term credit co-operatives: These co-operatives look after the long-term credit requirements of the farmers.

It works through two banks i.e. Primary Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks and State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks.

Primary Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks work at the village level as an independent unit while State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks work at the State level through its branches in villages.

(iii) Commercial Banks (CBs): They provide rural credit by opening their branches in rural areas.

(iv) Regional Rural Banks (RRBs): Such banks are established under RRB Act, 1976. They are rural-oriented with a low-cost profile of co-operatives. They work with professional discipline and the modern outlook of Commercial banks.

(v) Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs): These are the institutions providing financial services to poor people or new businesses that cannot use traditional banking services. Such institutions are generally run by NGOs.

8. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:

Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy to bring about an increase in agricultural production, various programmes have been introduced through economic planning; like the expansion of irrigation facilities, infrastructural development, improving health & nutrition of the rural masses, increasing rural employment, etc.

Traditional agriculture relies heavily on indigenous inputs. Such as the use of organic manures, seeds, simple ploughs, bullocks & primitive agricultural tools.

Modern Technology in agriculture consists of Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, improved varieties of seeds including hybrid seeds, extensive irrigation, use of electricity, agricultural machinery, etc.

Modern technology has increased agricultural mechanization. As a result, industries supplying modern farm inputs have grown at a rapid rate. It has increased the demand for agricultural credit. It has improved productivity. So farmers have become market-oriented.

But, the effects of modern technology prevail only in certain selected areas & the rest of the country is not yet suitable for modern technology. Therefore, low-cost technology has to be introduced for overall rural development.

Question 1.
Highlight the programmes introduced to increase agricultural production.
Answer:
Through economic planning, various programmes have been introduced like the expansion of irrigation facilities, infrastructural development, improving the health and nutrition of the rural masses, increasing rural employment, etc.

Question 2.
What is the difference between traditional and modern technology?
Answer:
Traditional agriculture mainly depends upon indigenous inputs such as the use of organic manures, seeds, simple plough – bullocks, and primitive agricultural tools.

Modern technology in agriculture consists of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, improved varieties of seeds, including hybrid seeds, extensive irrigation, use of electric power, agricultural machinery, etc.

Question 3.
Why did farmers become market-oriented?
Answer:
Modern technology has increased agricultural mechanization. As a result, industries supplying modern farm inputs have grown at a rapid rate. It has increased the demand for agricultural credit. It has improved productivity. Hence, farmers became market-oriented.

Question 4.
Why is it necessary to introduce low-cost technology?
Answer:
The effects of modern technology prevail only in certain selected areas and the rest of the country is not yet suitable for modern technology. Therefore, low-cost technology has to be introduced for overall rural development.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Economics Important Questions Chapter 4 The Economy of Maharashtra Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Economics Important Questions Chapter 4 The Economy of Maharashtra

1A. Choose the correct option:

Question 1.
Revenue Divisions of Maharashtra
(a) Mumbai, Pune, Nasik, Palghar.
(b) Mumbai, Pune, Nasik, Aurangabad.
(c) Mumbai, Nasik, Amravati, Nagpur.
(d) Mumbai, Amravati, Nagpur, Nanded.
Options:
(1) a and d
(2) b and c
(3) a, b and d
(4) c, d, and b
Answer:
(2) b and c

Question 2.
Feature of Maharashtra Economy
(a) 2nd largest state in the country
(b) Most urbanized State.
(c) Unskilled manpower
(d) Most favoured destination for tourism
Options:
(1) c and d
(2) b, c, d
(3) a, b and d
(4) a, c and d
Answer:
(3) a, b and d

Question 3.
Problems in the economic development of Maharashtra
(a) Agricultural indebtedness.
(b) Abundant capital and marketing facilities.
(c) Abundant infrastructure facilities
(d) Regional imbalance
Options:
(1) a and d
(2) a, b and c
(3) b, c, and d
(4) a and c
Answer:
(1) a and d

Question 4.
Feature of industry in Maharashtra.
(a) Not potential to absorb excess labour
(b) Industrially advanced state.
(c) First choice of domestic and foreign investors
(d) Generates higher income and higher productivity.
Options:
(1) a and b
(2) b and c
(3) a, b, c
(4) b, c, and d
Answer:
(4) b, c, and d

Question 5.
Measures by Government for industrial development
(a) Creation of specialized Economic zone
(b) Implementation of MSICDP
(c) Discouraging Single Window Cell
(d) Introduction of MAITRI
Options:
(1) b and c
(2) a, b and c
(3) b, c, and d
(4) a, b and d
Answer:
(4) a, b and d

Question 6.
Service Sector
(a) Provides service to the agricultural sector and farmers.
(b) Largest employment generating sector
(c) Consists of insurance, retail banking, education, etc.
(d) Provides service to the business sector and final consumers.
Options:
(1) b, c, and d
(2) a, c and d
(3) a and d
(4) c and d
Answer:
(1) b, c, and d

1B. Complete the correlation:

Question 1.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan : Free and compulsory education : : Sakshar Bharat Abhiyan : ___________
Answer:
Each one Teach one or Adult literacy

Question 2.
Kolhapur : Regional films : : Mumbai : ___________
Answer:
Bollywood

Question 3.
NRHM : Health determinants : : NUHM : ___________
Answer:
Sanitation and hygiene

Question 4.
Primary Tier : Primary Health Centres and Community Health Centres : : Secondary Tier : ___________
Answer:
sub-district hospitals and district hospital

Question 5.
Agricultural Sector : Agricultural Indebtedness : : Industrial Sector : ___________
Answer:
Regional Imbalance

Question 6.
Economic infrastructure : Communication : : ___________ : Education.
Answer:
Social Infrastructure

Question 7.
___________ : Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan : : Higher Education : Rashtriya Uctchatar Shiksha Abhiyan.
Answer:
Primary Education

Question 8.
‘Each one Teach one’ : ___________ : : Free of cost S.T. Bus service : Girls Education.
Answer:
Adult literacy

Question 9.
Tribal Education : Residential Ashram Schools : Inclusive Education : ___________
Answer:
Differently Abled Children

Question 10.
Primary Tier : Community Health Centres : : ___________ : Super Speciality Hospital.
Answer:
Tertiary Tier

1C. Suggest the economic terms for the given statements:

Question 1.
The backbone of the socio-economic development of any country.
Answer:
Education

Question 2.
Free and compulsory education to 6-14 years children.
Answer:
Right to Education (RTE)

Question 3.
MTDC has launched the scheme to bring different experiment projects like village tourism, safari, etc.
Answer:
Mahabhraman

Question 4.
Second largest populated state in the country.
Answer:
Maharashtra

Question 5.
Largest employment generating sector.
Answer:
Service Sector

Question 6.
Industrially advanced state.
Answer:
Maharashtra

Question 7.
Number of Districts in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Thirty-Six (36)

Question 8.
An industry that focuses on customer satisfaction.
Answer:
Hospitality

Question 9.
A district was well known for regional films.
Answer:
Kolhapur

Question 10.
City popularly is known as “Bollywood”.
Answer:
Mumbai

Question 11.
The first state in the country to receive RUSA grant of ₹ 20 crores.
Answer:
Maharashtra.

1D. Arrange in proper order:

Question 1.
Highest Populated States
(a) Maharashtra
(b) West Bengal
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Bihar
Options:
(1) a, c, d, b
(2) c, a, d, b
(3) d, c, b, a
(4) c, b, d, a
Answer:
(1) c, a, d, b

Question 2.
Largest Geographical Area
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Maharashtra
Options:
(1) a, b, d, c
(2) c, a, d, b
(3) d, c, b, a
(4) c, b, d, a
Answer:
(2) c, b, d, a

Question 3.
Levels of Education
(a) Primary
(b) Higher Secondary
(c) Secondary
(d) Higher Education
Options:
(1) a, d, b, c
(2) b, d, c, a
(3) a, c, b, d
(4) c, d, b, a
Answer:
(3) a, c, b, d

Question 4.
Sector of Economy
(a) Quaternary
(b) Tertiary
(c) Secondary
(d) Primary
Options:
(1) d, c, b, a
(2) a, b, d, c
(3) b, a, c, d
(4) d, b, a, c
Answer:
(4) d, c, b, a

1E. Find the odd word out:

Question 1.
Use of chemical fertilizers, Soil degradation, Inadequate irrigation facilities, Textiles.
Answer:
Textile

Question 2.
Textile, Automobile, Pharmaceutical, Climatic changes.
Answer:
Climatic changes

Question 3.
Unskilled labour, Tourism, Lack of infrastructure, Outdated technology.
Answer:
Tourism

Question 4.
Energy, Transport, Communication, Agriculture.
Answer:
Agriculture

1F. Complete the following statements:

Question 1.
Maharashtra state has been divided into ___________ districts.
Answer:
36

Question 2.
Maharashtra is the ___________ largest populated state in the country.
Answer:
Second

Question 3.
The population of Maharashtra was ___________ crores during 2011.
Answer:
11.24

Question 4.
Maharashtra is the ___________ largest state in the country in terms of geographical area.
Answer:
third

Question 5.
Geographical area of Maharashtra is about ___________ lac sq.km.
Answer:
3.08

Question 6.
According to 2011 census the sex ratio of Maharashtra was ___________ females per 1000 males.
Answer:
929

Question 7.
According to 2011 census literacy rate of Maharashtra was ___________
Answer:
82.3%

Question 8.
The share of agriculture and allied activities of Maharashtra during 2001-02 was ___________
Answer:
15.3%

Question 9.
The share of agriculture and allied activities of Maharashtra during 2016-17 was ___________
Answer:
12.2%

Question 10.
Maximum use of chemical and pesticides leads to ___________
Answer:
soil degradation

Question 11.
The share of Industries of Maharashtra is about ___________
Answer:
18%

Question 12.
In Economy, service sector is the largest ___________ generating sector.
Answer:
employment

Question 13.
The basic requirement for economic development is ___________
Answer:
Infrastructure

Question 14.
The backbone of socio-economic development of any country is ___________
Answer:
education

Question 15.
During 2016-17 the expenditure on primary education of the Maharashtra government’s was ___________ crores.
Answer:
₹ 19,486

Question 16.
Number of aided Ashram school in the Maharashtra state is ___________
Answer:
556

1G. Choose the wrong pair:

Question 1.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Share of the service sector – 10%

Question 2.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Community health centers – 370

Question 3.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Secondary Sector – Harvesting

Question 4.

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Districts of Maharashtra – 63

1H. Choose the correct pair:

Question 1.

Answer:
Correct Pair: (4) SEZ – Industrial Growth

Question 2.

Answer:
Correct Pair: (2) Service Sector – Largest Employment Generator

2. Identify and explain the concepts from the given illustrations:

Question 1.
In tribal areas, for their progress, many schools have started.
Answer:
Tribal Education.
Ashram School, an initiative by Government of Maharashtra, provide food, uniform, educational material and other concessions to the tribal student for encouraging higher studies. There are 556 aided Ashram Schools in the state.

Question 2.
Hotel industries give better service to their customers.
Answer:
Hospitality.
Hospitality is all about the art of entertaining or receiving guests. It means friendly and generous receptions and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. Hospitality is a broader industry than other industries and has grown rapidly in Maharashtra due to the development of the tourism business in Maharashtra.

Question 3.
In the process of economic development, Transport plays an important role.
Answer:
Service Sector.
The service sector supports both the primary and secondary sectors but involves important services like banking, transport, hotel, energy, etc. It is the largest employment generating and fastest-growing sector of the economy.

3. Assertion and Reasoning – Choose the correct answer from the following:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) – Agricultural productivity is affected by climatic changes.
Reasoning (R) – To increase agricultural activity, the development of irrigation facilities is necessary.
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are True, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 2.
Assertion (A) – Education is the backbone of social-economic development.
Reasoning (R) – There are 4 levels of education like primary, secondary, higher secondary, and higher education.
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are True, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

4. State with reasons whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Question 1.
There are some important features of the economy of Maharashtra.
Answer:
Yes, I do agree with the statement.

• Maharashtra is the second largest populated state in India.
• It is the third-largest state in terms of geographical area.
• It is the most urbanized state.
• The literacy rate was 82.3% for Maharashtra as per the 2011 census.
• As per the 2011 census, the sex ratio was 929 females per 1000 males.
• As per the Economic survey 2016-2017, the state had the highest growth of GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product)
• The state of Maharashtra has abundant natural resources, skilled man power, developed infrastructure, and is technological advancement.
• It is the most favoured destination for investment and Tourism.

Question 2.
The agricultural sector has no problems.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.
The agricultural sector is the backbone of the Indian Economy as well as Maharashtra state. But still, this sector is facing many problems such as:

• Decrease in the average size of land.
• Maximum use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
• Lack of capital.
• Agricultural indebtedness.
• Fewer irrigation facilities.
• Lack of marketing.
• Climatic changes.
• Adverse crop pattern.
• Increase in the number of small and marginal farmers.

5. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority (MWRRA) is a Government of Maharashtra initiative founded in August 2005 and one of the key people is Mr. K.P. Bakshi as chairman. Administrative and legal reforms constitute broadly what is known as the Water Sector Reform. The institute is responsible for the regulation, allocation, management, and utilization of limited water resources in the state. The MWRRA was authorized to control and set water tariffs. All water regulation projects are abode to have clearance from MWRRA. This project could be from irrigation, industrial users, and urban and rural domestic consumers.

Question 1.
What is the government of Maharashtra’s initiative on water resources?
Answer:
Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority (MWRRA) is an initiative taken by the government of Maharashtra.

Question 2.
What is the function of MWRRA?
Answer:
The main function of MWRRA is as follows:
It is responsible for the regulation, allocation, management, and utilization of limited water resources in the state of Maharashtra.

Question 3.
In which year MWRRA is formed and who is the key person?
Answer:
MWRRA is formed in August 2005 and the name of the key person is Mr. K.P. Bakshi who is the chairman.

Question 4.
Do you think MWRRA is authorized to set water tariffs? Kindly explain.
Answer:
Yes, MWRRA is authorized to control and set water tariffs. All water regulation projects are abode to have clearance from MWRRA. This project could be from irrigation, industrial users, and urban and rural domestic consumers.