Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 7 Public Administration Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 7 Public Administration

1A. Choose the correct alternative and complete the following statements.

Question 1.
The backbone of any administrative system is _____________ (material resource, human resource, natural resource, geographic resource)
Answer:
human resource

Question 2.
Gullick and _____________ put forth the acronym POSDCORB. (Woodrow Wilson, Herbert Simon, Urwick, Dwight Waldo)
Answer:
Urwick

1B. Identify the incorrect pair in every set, correct it and rewrite.

Question 1.
(a) Kautilya – Arthashastra
(b) Aristotle – The Politics
(c) Machiavelli – Republic
Answer:
Machiavelli – The Prince or Plato – Republic

1C. State the appropriate concept for the given statements.

Question 1.
The systematic management of governmental affairs in 18th century Germany and Austria.
Answer:
Cameralism

Question 2.
Efforts of companies to integrate social and environmental concerns.
Answer:
Corporate Social Responsibility

2. State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.

Question 1.
The first step in administration is staffing.
Answer:
This statement is False.

• According to Gullick and Urwick, public administration should focus on aspects related to the executive branch of government.
• It is explained by the acronym POSDCORB. Thus, the first step in administration is Planning, followed by Organisation and then Staffing.

Question 2.
Public Administration as an academic discipline was born in India.
Answer:
This statement is False.

• Public Administration as an academic discipline originated in the USA and Woodrow Wilson was the first person to emphasize the need to study it.
• However, Kautilya’s ‘Arthashastra’ was a text on administration and political economy in ancient India.

3. Explain the co-relation between the following.

Question 1.
Narrow and Broad perspective of Public Administration (Private administration and Public administration).
Answer:
Private administration is concerned with achieving the goals of private business organizations. The similarities between private and public administration are that both aim to serve the people, have similar types of hierarchy and management systems, and rely on common skills, techniques, and procedures.

The differences between private and public administration relate to aspects like scope, motive, responsibility, weakness, and financial control. Private administration is business-like with a narrower scope, wealth creation as the motive, responsibility to the owners, fewer chances of red-tapism, and internal financial control.

Public administration is bureaucratic with a very wide scope and motive as public service, responsibility to the ministers, intrinsic weakness of red-tapism, and external financial controls.

Question 2.
National Administration and State Administration (Rural administration and Urban administration).
Answer:
At the local level, the administration is either urban or rural. Urban administration includes political and administrative dimensions. For cities, there are Municipal Corporations (with a population of 3 lakhs and more) headed by the Mayor, Municipal Councils (Nagar Palika), City Councils (Nagar Panchayats), and Cantonment Boards. There is also a Municipal Commissioner who performs administrative functions and a Collector who looks after revenue, law, and order, land records, etc.

Rural administration includes three tiers i.e., Zilla Parishad, Panchayat Samiti, and Gram Panchayat. Developmental administration includes Chief Executive Officer, Block Development Officer, and Gram Sevak. There is also the Collector and Tehsildar.

4. Answer the following.

Question 1.
Explain the functioning of the administration.
Answer:

(i) At the national level, the work of the Central Government is conducted by various ministries (departments). For example, there are ministries of Agriculture, Health, Home, Defence, etc. Each ministry (or department) is headed by a Minister. Below the Minister is the bureaucracy or the administrative machinery. Besides the ministries, there are such institutions as the Election Commission, Union Public Service Commission. NITI Aayog, etc. These also require administrators or a bureaucracy.

(ii) At the State level also, there are various ministries and commissions that do the work of the government. The ministries of the State are also headed by a Minister and staffed by the bureaucracy.

(iii) At the local level, the administration is of two types: urban and rural administration. At the district level_ the highest administrative officer is the collector. In large cities, the Municipal Commissioner is in charge of the Municipality or Municipal Corporation. In rural areas, at the level of the Tehsil, the Tehsildar looks after the administration.

(iv) There is a close link between political leadership and administrative machinery. At the national, state levels and local levels, the political leaders are closely linked to the administrative machinery.

(v) The recruitment for all administrative posts at all levels is done through competitive examinations conducted by the government. At the central government level, the UPSC and Staff Selection Commission are the bodies that conduct these examinations.

Question 2.
Explain the steps in public policymaking.
Answer:
Public Policy refers to the new approach to understanding aspects of government activities for public welfare ‘ that is beyond simple administrative activities for e.g., Ayushman Bharat which aims to provide universal access to good quality health care in India.

Public policy can be understood in three steps.

• Policy Choice: Elected representatives, bureaucrats, and others decide the on which concerns of citizens to deal with, various options available about how to deal with it, and the formulation of a programme are then decided for e.g., anti-malaria programme (its objectives and implementation).
• Policy Output: Actual implementation of the policy takes place and policy output is determined
• Policy Impact (evaluation stage): This involves assessment of the objectives to determine policy impact and any improvements if required.

5. Answer the following in detail with reference to the given points.

Question 1.
Define public administration and explain its scope with reference to the following points.
(a) narrow perspective
(b) wider perspective
Answer:
Public Administration is a sub-discipline of Political Science. It focuses on ‘government in action’ i.e., implementation of government decisions, policies, and programmes in fields of social security and welfare, law and order, transport and communication, health and sanitation, etc.

The executive branch of government consists of the Political Executive (council of ministers) and Permanent/ Non-political Executive or Bureaucracy. Public Administration as a subject studies the activity and process of the government. According to Waldo, ‘Public Administration is the art and science of management as applied to the affairs of the state’.

Public Administration broadly includes the following:

• Activities of all three branches of government, especially that of the executive branch.
• Non-political public bureaucracy operating in a political system.
• Management of public affairs and policy execution.
• Concerned with public welfare and hence provides service and regulatory functions to the people to attain a good life.

Scope of public Administration.
Public Administration can be studied as two categories.
(a) Narrow perspective – It focuses on aspects related only to the executive branch of government. Gullick and Urwick sum this view in the acronym POSDCORB to denote Planning, Organisation, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, Budgeting.

• Planning – working out in broad outline/ blueprint of what is to be done and methods to be adopted for it. e.g., NITI Aayog has adopted the approach of grassroots – national level.
• Organising – establishing the formal structure of authority through which work is delegated, defined, and coordinated e.g. All India services.
• Staffing – recruitment, training, and working conditions of personal e.g., in India this is through UPSC.
• Directing – making decisions and issuing instructions and orders as the administration is a continuous activity.
• Coordinating – interrelating the work of various selections and parts of the organization. eliminate overlapping of work or conflict over responsibility
• Reporting – reporting to superiors/higher authorities any information about ongoing/completed tasks. This ensures responsibility and accountability.
• Budgeting – refers to fiscal planning, control, and accounting.

(b) Broad perspective – This differs from the narrow, managerial view of public administration. It includes activities of all three branches of the government, their interrelationships. Specialized government functions such as defense, finance, health care, etc. as well as collaborations with private groups e.g., NGO’s in providing services to the community. This view is concerned with techniques of administration (POSDCORB) as well as with substantive matters of administration.

According to Woodrow Wilson, ‘Administration is the most obvious part of the government- it is a government inaction, the most visible, operative side of the government.’

Activity (Text Book Page No.63)

Question 1.
Look at the latest Annual Report of the Ministry of Home, Government of India. Make a list of the main activities of the ministry.
Answer:
The main activities of the Ministry of Home, GOI include the maintenance of internal security and domestic policy.
The departments included under this Ministry are-

• Intelligence Bureau (IB)
• Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
• Border Security Force (BSF)
• Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
• Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
• National Security Guards (NSG)
• National Investigation Agency (NIA)
• Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB).

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary

1A. Choose the correct alternative and complete the following statements.

Question 1.
___________ is the first country to create independent judiciary. (India, United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union)
Answer:
United States

Question 2.
The primary function of the judiciary is ___________ (making laws, executing laws, adjudication, make appointments)
Answer:
adjudication

1B. Identify the incorrect pair in every set, correct it and rewrite.

Question 1.
(a) Written Consitution – India
(b) Judicial Review – United Kingdom
(c) Independent Judiciary – United States
Answer:
(b) Judicial Review – USA

1C. State the appropriate concept for the given statement.

Question 1.
Petition regarding important public concerns.
Answer:
Public Interest Litigation (PIL)

Question 2.
The process of removal of judges.
Answer:
Impeachment

Question 3.
Cases can be heard for the first time only in certain courts.
Answer:
Original Jurisdiction

2. Complete the concept map.

Question 1.

Answer:

3. State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.

Question 1.
There is no need to approve the appointment of judges by the Senate in the United States.
Answer:
This statement is False.

• The Judges of the Supreme Court of America and the courts subordinate to it are appointed by the President of the USA.
• These appointments can be confirmed only after the Senate gives its approval.

Question 2.
In India judiciary is independent.
Answer:
This statement is True.

• Provisions for judicial independence are provided in the Indian Constitution.
• This includes provisions related to appointment, tenure, salary, and allowances, removal from office, etc., of judges so that the judiciary acts in a free and fair manner.

4. Explain the co-relation between the following.

Question 1.
Judiciary and Executive.
Answer:
The judiciary and executive are both organs of the government. The main function of the executive is the implementation of laws and policies while the functions of the judiciary include interpretation of law and adjudication. In India, judges are appointed by the President (nominal executive). Traditionally, these appointments were made after consulting with the existing government (ministry). However, to maintain judicial independence, the collegium of judges recommends names for appointment to the President.

There are many instances where the executive is a party to a dispute either as the plaintiff or as the defendant. Given the power of the Government, any legal dispute between it and one or more citizens is usually unequal. There is a possibility that the Government would use its powers to secure a favourable decision. This is where the independence of the Judiciary becomes important. An independent judiciary ensures that all those who appear before it is treated on an equal plane, and thus makes sure that decisions are in accordance with the law.

Question 2.
Supreme Court and High Court.
Answer:
India has a single integrated judicial system, with the Supreme Court at the apex and followed by the High Courts in the States. The Supreme Court controls all courts and tribunals in the territory of India. The High Court controls and supervises the functioning of the subordinate courts e.g., District Courts, in its territorial jurisdiction. The High Courts have Appellate jurisdiction, regarding decisions of the lower courts while Supreme Court can hear appeals in civil, criminal, and constitutional cases against decisions of the High Courts.

Supreme Court has original Jurisdiction such as in disputes about the election of the President or Vice¬President which are its exclusive jurisdiction. Both, Supreme Court and High Court have Writ Jurisdiction i.e., they can issue directives or writs such as Habeas Corpus in case of violation of a person’s fundamental rights. In case of appointment of judges of High Courts, the President also consults the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

5. Express your opinion of the following.

Question 1.
Judiciary must have a leading role in the appointment of judges.
Answer:
One of the main ways to secure judicial independence relates to the appointment of the judges. A judiciary that works under government favour, fear, or pressure i.e., a ‘committed judiciary’ can never give impartial, fair decisions especially when the government is a party in any dispute. The judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts are appointed by the President of India who is expected to be politically neutral.

However, according to the 42nd Amendment Act, the President acts on the aid and advice of the Union Ministry, Hence, executive interference in judicial appointments is a real possibility. Since the 1990s, the Supreme Court ruled that the Judiciary must play a leading role in its judicial appointments.

The Supreme Court set up a Collegium consisting of the Chief Justice of India and the four senior-most judges of the court which would recommend names to the President for appointment to the Supreme Court and the High Courts. The Government’s role in this process has now been minimized.

Question 2.
Judicial activism is significant today.
Answer:
Judiciary in India has started taking a wider view of its functions. For instance, the courts have allowed individuals to file petitions on matters of important public concern. Such cases are known as Public Interest Litigation (PILs). There have been instances where the courts of their own accord, without anyone complaining or filing a petition, have taken note of matters of public concern (Suo moto). This wider view taken by the Judiciary of its functions has been termed as ‘Judicial Activism’.

In recent years, Judicial Activism has led to the courts examining the legality of the decision of the executive over a wide variety of issues including the ones referred to above. Moreover, in many instances, they have also either issued orders on what should be done over many issues or have directed the executive to take action about the same in a specified time period.

There has been much debate over Judicial Activism. Some feel that the judiciary was compelled to intervene because the executive was not discharging its functions properly, while others believe that the courts are exceeding their powers by looking into matters which fall within the jurisdiction of the executive or legislative.

6. Answer the following in detail with reference to the given points.

Question 1.
Explain the process of Judicial Review?
(a) Meaning
(b) Need
(c) When and where it started
(d) Indian context
Answer:
(a) Meaning: Judicial Review means the power of the Judiciary to examine if any law passed by the legislature or any executive policy or action is consistent with the Constitution or not, and if it is not then to declare it as unconstitutional and hence null and void.

(b) Need: It becomes necessary to have an institution that would examine whether the laws are consistent with the Constitution or not. That institution should also have the power to declare any law found inconsistent with the Constitution to be invalid and therefore not to be implemented. This would prevent the Legislature from making laws that violate the Constitution. In democracies with written Constitutions, this power is vested in the Judiciary. The Judiciary is not involved in any way in the law-making process. It is an independent body. Hence it has been assigned this power.

(c) When and where it started: The origins of the power of Judicial Review can be traced to a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States of America given in 1803 in a case known as the Marbury vs Madison case. This was for the first time that the American Supreme Court declared a law passed by the United States Congress to be invalid on the grounds that it was inconsistent with the Constitution of the United States. However, it must be noted that the American Constitution does not have an explicit provision that gives the Judiciary the power of Judicial Review. It is an implied power. To date, the American Supreme Court’s power of Judicial Review has been unchallenged. This is so because it is accepted that such a power is necessary to retain the supremacy of the Constitution.

(d) Indian Context: The Constitution of India does not explicitly provide the judiciary with the power of Judicial Review. However, like in the United States, these powers are implied. The Supreme Court of India has on many occasions declared laws passed by the Legislature as being inconsistent with the Constitution and therefore unconstitutional. In the Indian context, the real issue has been whether the amendments to the Constitution can be held unconstitutional. The issue was settled by the Supreme Court in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973). In its judgment, the Court stated that the Constitution of India had a ‘Basic Structure’. The Constitutional Amendments passed by the Parliament have to be consistent with this ‘Basic Structure’, and if they are found to be not, then the Supreme Court would declare them unconstitutional. The power to declare any Amendments as unconstitutional rests only with the Supreme Court.

Activity (Text Book Page No. 52)

Make a list of examples of Judicial Activism in India.
Answer:
Judicial Activism refers to the active role of the judiciary in upholding the rights of citizens and preserving constitutional provisions and the legal system of the country. The judiciary takes an active part wherever the legislature of executive fails to perform its duty, especially to dispense social justice.
Some areas of judicial activism include:

• Reforming the BCCI even though it is a private body.
• The Supreme Court insisting on a collegium of judges to suggest names for elevation as judges to the High/Supreme courts.
• Protection of the ecosystem and environmental jurisprudence.
• In regard to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984).
• Conduct NEET exam all over the country.
• The right to privacy is a part of a fundamental right.
• Improving conditions of undertrials.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 5 Concept of Representation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 5 Concept of Representation

1A. Choose the correct alternative and complete the following statements.

Question 1.
Ancient Greece had ___________ (dictatorship, direct democracy, indirect democracy, monarchy)
Answer:
Direct democracy

Question 2.
The oldest representative assembly in the world is ___________ (House of Commons, House of Lords, Senate, House of Representative)
Answer:
House of Commons

1B. State the appropriate concept for the given statements.

Question 1.
The political system is where people elect representatives to govern themselves.
Answer:
Representative Democracy

1C. Find the odd word in the given set.

Question 1.
The Indian National Trade Union Congress, All India Kisan Sabha, National Students Union of India, Indian National Congress
Answer:
Indian National Congress (it is a political party)

2. Complete the concept maps.

Question 1.

Answer:

3. Explain the correlation between the following.

Question 1.
Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations.
Answer:
Governmental organizations are public organizations that have a formalized structure. They are formed by election or nomination. They have legal status in terms of their jurisdiction. They are more concerned with political and administrative aspects.

However, such organizations due to their structure and scope may not be able to satisfy the concerns of different sections of the population or to represent various interests and causes. This leads to people who are devoted to the cause coming together as non-profit groups and further their cause. NGO’s work in the field of political and environmental awareness, the welfare of the elderly/women/children/disabled, etc., for e.g., Green Peace (environment), Help Age (senior citizens), CRY (children), AGNI (Political awareness), PFA (animals).

4. Express your opinion of the following.

Question 1.
Pressure groups are different from political parties.
Answer:
I agree with the statement.

• The political parties are part of the governmental system. They seek to influence government policy from the inside. A pressure group tries to influence the government from the outside. They do not stand for elections or aim to become members of the legislature/ government.
• Political parties have a broad agenda. They seek to represent the people for political, social, economic, cultural, and other concerns. Pressure groups usually have a narrow focus. They focus on specific issues or agitations for a specific cause e.g., the environment.

5. Answer the following in detail with reference to the given points.

Question 1.
What is meant by representation? Explain the various methods of representation?
(a) Meaning
(b) Electoral
(c) Non-electoral
(d) Non-official
Answer:
(a) Meaning: The concept of representation is important in any democracy.
Today, most countries have large territories and populations. Hence, direct democracy is not possible. The form of democracy today is indirect democracy or representative democracy. People elect representatives among themselves to govern the country for e.g., in India, Members of Parliament (MP’s), Members of State Legislative Assemblies/ Councils (MLA’s, MLC’s), of corporations, etc., are all our representatives.

(b) Electoral Method: Persons are directly or indirectly elected by the citizens to govern them as members of representative assemblies e.g., General elections to Lok Sabha, Assembly elections.

(c) Non-electoral Method: Representatives occupy their position through nomination or appointment for e.g., President of India appoints 12 Members to the Rajya Sabha.

(d) Non-official Method: Civil society represents the people through various pressure groups like trade unions, student groups, peasant organizations.

6. Suggest ways by which you can encourage people to vote in elections.
Answer:

• NGO’s such as AGNI have special programmes designed to encourage people to exercise their franchise.
• Street plays, flash mobs at railway stations, talks in colleges about the importance of voting.
• Voter enrollment drives to encourage youngsters to vote.
• Advertisements, especially involving celebrities as ‘ambassadors’ for the franchise.
• In some countries of the world, the franchise is compulsory.

Activity (Text Book Page No. 44)

Question 1.
Write the history of anyone national political party in India.
Answer:
Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress was founded on 28th December 1885 due to the efforts of A.O. Hume, to act as a platform for civil and political dialogue among educated Indians. The first session, held in Bombay with 72 delegates in attendance, elected W.C. Banerjee as its first President. Members were mainly from the Bombay and Madras Presidencies such as Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Wacha, Pherozshah Mehta, and others. During its early phase, the Congress was led by the Moderates.

The party first split at the Surat session (1907) into two groups i.e., Moderates and Extremists (led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak). The party began to endorse the policy of “Swaraj” (Self-rule) and “Swadeshi” (of our own country), After the death of Lokmanya Tilak, the leadership of the Congress passed into the hands of Mahatma Gandhi. His philosophy was based on the ideals of Satyagraha and Ahimsa. Various movements were organized by Gandhiji such as Non-Cooperation Movement (1920’s), Civil Disobedience (1930’s), and Quit India Movement (1942).

The INC has dominated most of India’s political landscape since Independence. The period 1947-1967 is described as the One-Party Dominant System (OPDS) of the INC. However, Congress dominance has declined. In the UPA government (2004 – 2014) the INC was one of the major parties. At present, it is the main opposition party (2019).

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 2.3 The Inchcape Rock Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 12 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2.3 The Inchcape Rock

12th English Digest Chapter 2.3 The Inchcape Rock Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Prepare a word register related to marine life:
Answer:
sailors; ship; tides; winds; seabed; anchor; captain; submarine; international-waters; port; harbour; shipyard; patrol; trawler; sail; port; starboard; deep-sea.

Question 2.
The functions of a lighthouse are:

Answer:

Question 3.
Discuss in pairs the various famous rocks in the world and mention the places where they are.
Answer:

Question 4.
Narrate in the class a story about someone who destroyed or spoilt someone else’s good work.
(Points: A bright Student-Punctual, cheerful, intelligent-Helpful to classmates, explains and lends notes-Tutored junior class students- Jealous group tears up notes before exams-Is able to study with the friends whom he/she helped-The jealous group is outwitted)

Question 5.
Discuss the following expressions in pairs/groups. Take the help of your teacher.
(a) As you sow so shall you reap.
(b) Crime gets its own punishment
(c) What goes around comes around
(d) Tit for tat
(e) Evil digs a pit for others but falls into the same.
Answer:
All the above are idioms and proverbs. They all convey the same meaning. They all mean that when a person acts with a certain intention, the results will be the same as the action. If the intentions are good the person will benefit from rewards. If the intentions are evil he will be punished.

(A1)

Question 1.
Narrate in groups the scene described in the beginning of the poem.
Points:
A clear calm day at sea
The sea was quiet – the ship is still
The wind is not blowing – the sails unmoving
The waves do not move the Bell
All these point fin first 3 stanzas] to a quiet sea and
calm weather one morning in spring.

(A2)

Question (i)
Complete the following statement:
The Abbot of Aberbrothok placed a bell on the Inchcape Rock because
Answer:
The Abbot of Aberbrothok placed a bell on the Inchcape Rock because there were dangerous rocks near the coast which would wreck ships.

Question (ii)
Given below are the events that give the theme of the poem in a jumbled form. Arrange in a proper sequence as per their occurrence.
(a) The waves were so small that they did not move enough to ring the bell at the Inchcape Rock.
(b) The Abbot of Aberbrothok had placed the bell on a buoy on the rock.
(c) There was a thick haze spread over the atmosphere.
(d) Ralph bent over from the boat.
(e) Sir Ralph cursed himself in despair and in his frustration tore his hair.
Answer:
(b) The Abbot of Aberbrothok had placed the bell on a buoy on the rock.
(a) The waves were so small that they did not move enough to ring the bell at the Inchcape Rock.
(d) Ralph bent over from the boat.
(c) There was a thick haze spread over the atmosphere.
(e) Sir Ralph cursed himself in despair and in his frustration tore his hair.

Question (iii)
Describe the qualities of the Abbot of Aberbrothok in your own words.

Answer:

Question (iv)
‘Jealousy’ is the most incurable defect, Justify.
Answer:
When someone is in a better position of money or success or fame, there are people who feel that they should destroy that. This is jealousy. We can see people who have more, and we can also work hard to reach that position. But when someone wants to destroy that person who has reached the better position that is wickedness. The jealous person is not willing to work for that state. They will not accept a lesser place also. So a jealous mind-set slowly becomes completely evil.

Question (v)
‘But the Rover’s mirth was wickedness’. Explain this line in your own words with the help of the extract.
Answer:
The season of spring made everyone feel happy and light-hearted. The Rover was whistling and singing. But this joyful mood made him reckless. He wanted to trouble the Abbot. The Abbot had put a Bell there as a warning about the Inchcape Rock. Ralph rashly decided to undo his good work. The Rover was jealous of the Abbot who was blessed by grateful sailors. He wanted to trouble the Abbot of Aberbrothok.

(A3)

Question 1.
Some words in the poem are related to different parts of a ship or a mariner’s life. Given below are the meanings of those terms. Identify the word.
Answer:
(a) Helps in steering the ship-wheel
(b) The lowest part of the ship – keel
(c) Floating object that shows direction- buoy
(d) Another name for a ship-vessel
(e) Sinking – gurgling

(A4)

Question 1.
Select the appropriate figure of speech from the box given below and complete the table.
Answer:

(A5)

Question (i)
Write the appreciation of this poem based on the points given below :

• About the poem/poet and the title
• The theme
• Poetic style
• The language/poetic devices used in the poem
• Special features
• Message, Values, Morals in the poem
• Your opinion about the poem

Answer:
The Poem “The Inchcape Rock’ is about a real stretch of treacherous rocks near the Scottish coast. I Robert Southey wrote prose and other poems too. But this poem is well-liked. The title gives the clue that the rock is a part of an interesting story.

The theme is about an Abbot and a pirate. The Abbot is concerned for his fellow humans and helps to save sailors. He put the Inchcape Bell on a buoy to warn ships day and night of the terrible Inchcape Rock, during storms. [According to records, warning bell was placed.]

But the Rover in a fit of madness, on a spring day, cut the bell just to trouble the Abbot. Many months later, when the pirate was sailing towards Scotland, the weather was different. As the frightened sailors were caught in the dark stormy sea the pirate realised he had not troubled the Abbot but brought ruin for himself and his sailors.

The poem is a ballad. The story is told in stanzas of four lines, with aabb rhyme. The story is told in easy language. The poet uses many Old English words like ‘blest’, ‘Quoth’, and ‘canst’. The poet begins with spring, a metaphor for the pleasant mood, with a calm sea, still air and the ship in quiet waters. Repetition emphasizes the gladness in the heart.

The mood changes from mischief to wickedness. When the mist blocks the sun, metaphor makes the story gloomy, suspenseful. The nightfall is the metaphor for the dark situation for the ship, its sailors. They finally meet a violent end. There is alliteration which adds to the beauty of the poem.

The poem is a didactic one with a clear message – “When we try to trouble others, trouble first comes to the doer.” The story has a moral and is useful even in these times.

Question (ii)
Compose 4 to 6 lines on ‘Sea’ :
Answer:
Sea
I meet the sky far away, brothers of the same colour.
I mirror his white woolly sheep and birds.
I pull and push; deep down or sometimes upwards
In my cool-world, small and big creatures, softly slither.

(A6)

Question (i)
Expand the ideas on your own on the following topics:
(a) Pride goes before a fall.
(b) Time and tide wait for none.
(c) Man proposes, God disposes.
(d) Look before you leap.

Question (a)
Pride goes before a fall.
Answer:
There is a saying in Sanskrit that translates as “Knowledge brings humility.” The opposite would be that only an ignorant person would be proud or arrogant. A person becomes overconfident about himself or what he has. He starts thinking lowly of others. Only a harsh experience makes him see his stupidity.

There is a story about the God of riches who was drunk on his wealth. He invited all the other gods to a grand feast so that his wealth would be seen by them. He also invited Shiva and Parvati. They gently told him they would not be able to come, They said their son Ganesha would come instead. The host welcomed his guests.

Ganesha also arrived. The guests seated in a dazzling hall ate their fill of the lavish food. They praised the food, the hospitality and took leave impressed by the grandeur of everything there. But Ganesha was still being served. The host was stunned to see the servants running frantically to serve at the little boy’s speed of eating. The cooks were preparing more food. The puzzled King saw to it that Ganesha was served what he wanted.

Then word came from the kitchen that supplies were needed. Soon the supplies in adjacent villages were empty. Ganesha in anger chased the King till he ran to Shiva’s abode. Ganesha complained he was not fed. The King realized his foolishness trying jto impress the Lord and Mother with his riches. He went humbled, not able to feed one child.

Hence how much ever one possesses one must not think lowly of others. The right kind of knowledge makes a person more and more humble. Like the tree full of fruits bends lower and lower.

Question (ii)
The poem begins with:
‘Without either sign or sound of their shock, The waves flowed over the Inchcape Rock.’
It ends with:
On the basis of these lines explain the change in mood of the poem.
Answer:
At the beginning of the poem the season is spring, the weather is mild and the sea-waters are calm. The waves pour softly over the Inchcape Bell. The Heavy Bell on a buoy would ring due to strong waves only in stormy weather.

When the Rover cut the Bell it was spring season. The mood was happy, light-hearted. He was up to mischief in a rash, jolly mood on a lovely spring day. He wanted to only trouble the Abbot.

After undoing the Abbot’s good work the Rover went away on his criminal voyages. But when he was returning the sea was stormy. Wild winds threw the ship off course. The mood is of confusion and fear because a thick fog covered them from the sun. The mood is of suspense, the sailors are lost.

By nightfall they did not still know where they were. They are really and metaphorically in the dark. They could hear the waves crashing yet they did not know which land was near. There is fear. There was no wild wind but the rough sea was pulling their ship along. They desperately wanted some clue to help them to know their location. The ship shattered onto the rocks as the Rover yelled and cursed. The dramatic end is violent and filled with despair.

(A7)

Question (i)
Read the tree diagrams and information given on pages 109-110 of the textbook and find out more information about opportunities in ‘on and off the shore’ the Indian Navy.

Question (ii)
Required qualifications and various fields/opportunities for women to join in the Navy.

Question (iii)
Colleges that provide education in oceanography-
National Institute of Oceanography, Goa
National Institute of Oceanography, Mumbai
MBA (Logistic Shipping Management), IIKM Business School, Calicut, Kerala
Indira Gandhi College of Distance Education IGCDE, Tamil Nadu

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 2.3 The Inchcape Rock Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below:

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Give reasons for the sailors’ appreciation of the Abbot.
Answer:
There were some dangerous rocks near the Scottish coast. The Abbot of Aberbrothok had placed a buoy and fixed a bell on it, near those rocks. If the sea was rough sailors could spot the buoy. Even in the darkness the rough seas made the bell ring. So by day or night the Abbot’s bell saved the sailors and their ships from the rocks, and they blessed him.

Question 2.
Complete the following:
‘Wheel’d round’ here implies
Answer:
Wheel’d around here implies a flock of birds flying round in circles, which looks like a wheel.

Question 3.
Describe the state of mind of Ralph.
Answer:
Ralph the Rover also felt the effects of the season of spring. He felt very cheerful; he whistled and sang as he walked about on the deck. He was in an extremely happy state of mind but his joy was evil in intentions.

Question 4.
Complete the following:
Answer:
The pirate asked his men to row him over to the Inchcape Bell. He then bent over and cut the Bell from the buoy. He did so that the sailors of the next ship would no longer bless the Abbot for placing the warning Bell.

Question 5.
Choose the words and phrases that could describe Sir Ralph the Rover.
(a) Criminal
(b) Jealous
(c) Arrogant
(d) Vicious
(e) Spiteful
Answer:
All of the above

Question 6.
Choose the correct option:
On spotting the bell, Rover cut the bell from the buoy. This was an act of:
(a) Hatred
(b) Anger
(c) Jealousy
(d) Frustration
Answer:
(c) Jealousy

Question 7.
‘O Christ! It is the Inchcape Rock’ – Give reasons for Ralph’s Exclaimation.
Answer:
The Rover’s ship had struck the terrible rocks feared by sailors. Some time ago he himself had cut off the Bell put there by the blessed Abbot. Now his own ship had hit the Inchcape Rock and was going to sink with all his riches. He too was sure about to die.

Question 8.
Complete the following statements:
Answer:
1. The result of the thick haze that covered the sky was that the sailors had no way of knowing in which direction they were sailing.
2. The Rover in frustration pulled his hair and cursed himself because he himself had cut the Bell which would have rang and the sound would have helped them to save themselves from those killer-rocks.

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis:

Question 1.
The pirate is given the title ‘Sir’ though he was a feared criminal. He is called a ‘rover’. Give reasons for the same.
Answer:
Though he was a feared criminal Ralph was the captain of his ship. The crew may have addressed him ‘Sir’ which explains it attached to his name. A rover is a person, animal, or thing that roves, or wanders, Ralph the pirate roamed around on the seas looking for ships to attack and loot. Maybe that is why he was called Ralph the Rover.

Question 2.
The poet gives hints to the reader in the second stanza of the extract. Find the significant line from the extract and give reason for your answer.
Answer:
The second stanza of this extract tells about what the pirate did after removing the Bell. He roamed the seas and carried on his evil activities, killing and looting.

The last line is the hint of what is to happen later. ‘He steers his course for Scotland’s shore.’ The rover set the course ‘for Scotland’s shores’. This is significant because the treacherous Inchcape Rock was on the Scottish shores. So we get an idea that something may happen there.

Question 3.
Read the following lines and say what the situation was:
‘For me thinks we should be near the shore’. ‘Now where we are I cannot tell,’
Answer:
The sailors could hear the waves crashing on the shore. But they had been blown about by wild winds all day and so did not where they had reached. They did not know which land or shore was near. The situation was that danger was near.

Question 4.
Explain the danger implied in the two lines:
‘They hear no sound, the swell is strong; Though the wind hath fallen they drift along,’
Answer:
There was no sound except the breakers crashing on a nearby shore. There was no wind. But the sea was rough and the strong sea pulled the helpless ship along. The sailors were confused and could not make out which was the safe direction.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Write an account of something which you did out of concern for others.
Answer:
In our colony there is a young couple living with twin toddlers and elderly parents. The young man is a doctor and his working hours are sometimes unpredictable.

My family is aware of this and we help in small ways. I help the elderly lady to take a walk on the street and my brother helps the gentleman. I also help the young mother to mind the small children if she has to go out shopping. I sometimes run errands for them too.

Question 2.
Give your opinion on the following line and explain its significance.
‘Quoth Sir Ralph, ‘The next who comes to the Rock
Won’t bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.’
Answer:
The Pirate says these words after he cut the Bell placed by the Abbot. The Abbot had placed it for saving others. This act had brought fame for the Abbot and also the blessings of the many sailors that were saved. But the pirate was jealous of the fame. He cut the Bell thinking to harm the Abbot. When someone is concerned about others they are not looking for fame. But a selfish person is blinded by jealousy. They behave foolishly and cause trouble only for themselves.

Question 3.
‘Now where we are I cannot tell,
But I wish I could hear the Inchcape Bell’ From these lines describe the thoughts of
(a) ……… the sailors in the Rover’s ship.
(b) ……. the Rover’s.
Answer:
(a) The sailors must have been terrified. They may have been feeling angry with their Captain for his senseless act of cutting off the Inchcape Bell. It would be useful now to save them.
(b) The captain of the pirates must have been going mad with fear of the possible crash and sure death of everyone on board. He did not know where his ship was located. He was wondering if they were going to Crash on the Inchcape Rock. He had ensured his own destruction and death by cutting the Bell.

Poetic Devices:

Question 1.
Pick out the examples of imagery from the extract, state what kind it is and explain.
Answer:
Example of Visual imagery from the extract:
1. ‘The ship was as still as she could be’.
2. ‘Her keel was steady in the ocean’. Both the lines depict how the ship was on the sea, almost unmoving.
3. ‘The waves flow’d over the Inchcape Rock;
So little they rose, so little they fell,
They did not move the Inchcape Bell.’
These lines in the second stanza describe the very mild sea and the small waves.

Examples of Sound imagery from the extract:

1. And over the waves its warning rung. The line describes the loud warning sounded by the Inchcape Bell in a storm,
2. ‘And there was joyance in their sound.’ These lines show an air of joy in that scene. Even the birds seemed to be flying round and round – like a wheel – ‘wheel’d round’, ‘joyance in their sound’.

Question 2.
Pick out the examples of imagery from the extract, state what kind it is and explain.
Answer:
The lines with Visual imagery:
1. The Sun in heaven was shining gay,
The Sun shone bright and made the morning cheerful.
2. The sea birds screamed as they wheel’d round,
The birds seemed to be flying round and round in joy, like a wheel.

Examples of Sound imagery from the extract:
1. And over the waves its warning rung. The line describes the loud warning sounded by the Inchcape Bell in a storm.
2. ‘The sea-birds scream’d as they wheel’d round
And there was joyance in their sound.’
These lines show an air of joy in that scene. Even the birds seemed to be happy as their calls seemed like they were screaming in joy, ‘joyance in their sound’.

Question 3.
‘Gurgling sound’. Find the figure of speech.
Answer:
This is onomatopoeia. The pronunciation of the word resembles the meaning – the sound of an object sinking and bubbles rising and bursting.

Question 4.
Pick out an example of imagery from the extract.
Answer:
‘So thick a haze o’erspreads the sky,
They cannot see the Sun on high.’
The reader is able to imagine the fog so dense that the sun is blocked out. This is visual imagery.

Poetic Creativity:

Question 1.
Compose 2-4 lines using “A Song in the Air” as the theme. You could begin with…
‘The leaves rustle gently….’
Answer:
‘The leaves rustle gently and flowers nod. The droplets gather into a bigger drop The birds shake their plumes, bright-eyed. A song is in the air, the new day, a pretty bride.’

Question 2.
Compose 2-4 lines with one of the following as the theme : anger/ hatred/jealousy
Answer:
The Enemy Inside

I don’t know where he hides everyday He flashes in my eyes, in some words I say
To elders, family, friends. I am surprised
By my own words, my actions, only later I cried.

Question 3.
Compose 2-4 lines with one of the following as the theme:
Answer:
I Regret

I think of the harsh remark
The careless action I threw
I vow not to repeat anymore
As I begin this day new.

Writing Skills:

Question (a)
Time and tide wait for none Points:
There is a time for doing each thing

• Postponing action is laziness
• If the time for the action is lost the opportunity is lost for ever.
• Only regret remains.

Question (b)
Man proposes, God disposes

Points:

• It is in one’s power to plan a way of doing things
• It is a smart thing to prepare in advance
• In spite of planning we may not be able to carry on with the plan due to circumstances
• We must accept the unexpected circumstances and yet go ahead by some other method
• We must be flexible and find an alternative way
• It is smart to always have a Plan B ready

Question (c)
Look before you leap Points:

• Before we act one must think of the results
• only a fool will act without thinking of the future consequences of the present action
• if we think the results are going to harm someone, one must not do that
• It is also a good thing to take the advice of experienced or elders when making important decisions.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Constitutional Government Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Constitutional Government

1A. Choose the correct alternative and complete the following statements.

Question 1.
Unwritten Constitution exists in _____________ (United Kingdom, India .South Africa, United States)
Answer:
United Kingdom

Question 2.
In a parliamentary system there is a _____________ of legislative and executive powers. (separation, coordination, merger, centralisation)
Answer:
merger

Question 3.
The ten amendments to the American Constitution are collectively referred to as _____________ (Bills of Rights, Magna Carta, Basic Structure Doctrine, Fundamental Rights)
Answer:
Bill of Rights

1B. Identify the incorrect pair in every set, correct it and rewrite.

Question 1.
(a) Magna Carta – England
(b) Veto – United Kingdom
(c) Kesavananda Bharati Case – Basic structure doctrine
Answer:
(b) Veto – USA

1C. Find the odd word out in the given set.

Question 1.
England, Scotland, Wales, Republic of Ireland.
Answer:
The Republic of Ireland (not part of UK)

Question 2.
India, Australia, Canada, Argentina.
Answer:
Argentina (not a parliamentary system)

2. State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.

Question 1.
Indian Federation can be described as a ‘quasi-federation’.
Answer:
This statement is True.

• The Indian Constitution provides for dual set of governments i.e Union State governments. There is a distribution of powers on the basis of three lists viz. Union list, State list, and Concurrent list.
• However, India has a federal structure with a powerful central government. The constitution framers felt that a strong Union government was needed to ensure the balanced development of the country.

Question 2.
The parliamentary system exists in the United States.
Answer:
This statement is False.

• In a Parliamentary system, there is a merger of legislative and executive functioning. There are two executives, i.e., real and normal executives. This is noticed in India, United Kingdom, etc.
• the United States follows the Presidential system based on separation of government powers. Here, there is only one executive i.e., President who is directly elected by citizens.

3. Explain the co-relation between the following.

Question 1.
Legislature and Executive in a parliamentary system.
Answer:
In a parliamentary system, there is a fusion of legislative and executive functions. The real executive i.e. the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers is drawn from the Legislature. There are no separate elections for the post of Prime Minister and other Ministers. The Prime Minister and the Ministers play a dual role i.e., they are part of both Legislature and Executive. Thus, they also attend Parliamentary sessions.

The leader of the party or group which commands a majority in the legislature is invited by the nominal executive (President) to form the government and assume the post of Prime Minister. The Ministry stays in power only as long as it enjoys majority support in Parliament. The lower house of the Parliament in England (House of Commons) and in India (Lok Sabha) can pass a vote of no-confidence against the Ministry which means that the Prime Minister and his/her Council of Ministers must resign. This is due to parliamentary sovereignty. Thus, the executive is subordinate to and responsible to the Parliament (legislature).

Question 2.
President and Legislature in a presidential system.
Answer:
In a Presidential system, there is a separation of government powers and a system of checks and balances. The President i.e., head of the executive is directly elected by the citizens for a fixed tenure. He/she enjoys powers granted to the office by the constitution and must conduct his/her administration in accordance with laws passed by the legislature. Members of the executive are prohibited from being members of the legislature.

The legislature is also popularly elected. Its powers are not absolute since the President can exercise ‘Veto Power’ to reject a law passed by the legislature. Similarly, the legislature can also impeach the President if it is proved that the constitution has been violated by him/her. The President continues in office irrespective of whether he/she enjoys majority support in the legislature. However such lack of support may lead to a breakdown or impasse in government functioning.

4. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Explain constitutionalism and constitutional morality.
Answer:
Constitutionalism refers to the idea that there should be limitations on the powers of the government which may be specified in the constitution or may arise due to historical developments. The Magna Carta (Great Charter) (1215) and Bill of Rights (1689) in England were attempts to restrict the powers of the Monarchs. As the concept of separation of legislative, executive, judicial powers became popular, so also, the idea of restricting powers of the government as a whole emerged. The origins of constitutionalism can be traced to the Social Contract Theory propounded by John Locke. He believed that people should have the right to change the government if it committed any wrongdoings.

The first ten amendments to the American Constitution (collectively called the Bill of Rights) imposed restrictions on the government. The Indian Constitution also restricts government jurisdiction so that it doesn’t violate Fundamental Rights.
Any constitution is subject to amendments. Thus, it is possible that certain governments may use their amendment powers to remove restrictions, on their policies and actions.

In any democracy, Constitutionalism refers to restrictions on the power of the government and adherence to the spirit of the constitution. It refers to the values which form its foundations and the manner in which those who hold power are expected to behave. This can be described by the term ‘Constitutional Monarchy’.

5. Answer the following in detail with reference to the given points.

Question 1.
Explain Constitution and its three distinct interrelated components.
(i) What is a Constitution?
(ii) set of rules
(iii) set of rights
(iv) set of objectives and values
Answer:
(i) The constitution is the highest law of the country. It reflects the objectives of the state and the rights and aspirations of its citizens. It establishes the rule of law and sets limits on government authority. A constitution is a living document that indicates the way in which a country is governed. The primary function of the constitution is to lay out the basic structure of the government according to which the people are to be governed. A constitution has three distinct but interrelated components.

(ii) Set of Rules – A constitution is a set of rules that describes the structure, powers, and functions of the three organs of government to ensure that each organ functions without its jurisdiction. It lays down the limitations on what the government can do or cannot do.

(iii) Set of Rights – A constitution lists the rights of the citizens, means for the protection of these rights, and the duties of citizens. It also lists the means of protecting the rights e.g., in India, the judiciary is entrusted with protecting the rights. The rights guaranteed by the constitution are not unlimited i.e. they are subject to reasonable limitations.

(iv) Set of Objectives and Values – A constitution enumerates the values and objectives that it seeks to fulfill. For e.g., the Indian Constitution seeks to ensure the values of justice, liberty, and equality.

11th Political Science Digest Chapter 4 Constitutional Government Intext Questions and Answers

Find out! (Text Book Page No. 30)

How many times has the Indian Constitution been amended? What was the latest amendment?
Answer:
Amendments refer to changes in certain provisions of the constitution. In India, Article 368 deals with the amendment procedure. Till March 2019, the Indian Constitution has been amended 103 times. The 101st amendment (July 2017) introduced GST, the 102nd amendment gave constitutional status to National Commission for Backward Classes, and the 103rd amendment provided for a maximum of 10% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) by amending Articles 15,16. (Right to Equality)

Find out! (Text Book Page No.32)

Make a list of all Prime Ministers of India with their tenure.
Answer:

1. Jawaharlal Nehru (August 1947 – May 1964)
2. Gulzarilal Nanda – Acting Prime Minister (27 May 1964 – 9 June 1964, 11 January 1966 – 24 January 1966)
3. Lai Bahadur Shastri (June 1964 – January 1966)
4. Indira Gandhi (January 1966 – March 1977, January 1980 – October 1984)
5. Morarji Desai (March 1977 – July 1979)
6. Charan Singh (July 1979 – January 1980)
7. Rajiv Gandhi (October 1984 – December 1989)
8. V. P. Singh (December 1989 – November 1990)
9. Chandra Shekar (November 1990 – June 1991)
10. P. V. Narsimha Rao (June 1991 – May 1996)
11. A. B. Vajpayee (May 1996 – June 1996, March 1998 – May 2004)
12. H. D. Deve Gowda (June 1996 – April 1997)
13. I. K. Gujral (April 1997 – March 1998)
14. Dr. Manmohan Singh (May 2004 – May 2014)
15. Narendra Modi (May 2014 – till date)

Find out! (Text Book Page No. 34)

Name any four American Presidents who belonged to the Republican Party and for who belonged to the Democratic Party
Answer:

• Republican Party – Abraham Lincoln, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush.
• Democratic Party – F. D. Roosevelt, J. F. Kennedy, Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, Donald Trump.

Do this. (Text Book Page No. 35)

Look at the following subjects (Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution):

• Law and Order
• Atomic Energy
• Banking
• Agriculture
• Police
• Electricity
• Education
• Railways
• Public health
• Foreign affairs
• Forests.

Find out which of these subjects is in Union, state, or concurrent list.
Answer:

Activity (Text Book Page No. 36)

What are the rights mentioned in the Bill of Rights of the American Constitution?
Answer:
The Bill of Rights refers to the first ten amendments of the US constitution. Some of the rights include.

• First Amendment prohibits the making of any law impeding the free exercise of religion or restricting the freedom of speech or of the press or to assemble peacefully.
• The Second Amendment protects the individual right to keep arms.
• The Fifth Amendment protects against double jeopardy and self-incrimination.
• The sixth amendment establishes a number of rights of the defendant in a criminal trial such as speedy, public trial by an impartial jury, the assistance of counsel, etc.
• The Tenth amendment reinforces the principles of separation of powers and of federalism.

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 2.4 Have you Earned Your Tomorrow Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 12 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2.4 Have you Earned Your Tomorrow

12th English Digest Chapter 2.4 Have you Earned Your Tomorrow Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Complete the following web

Answer:

Question 2.
Discuss with your paitner about the different idioms/proverbs related to word ‘tomorrow’.
Answer:
(a) Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
(b) Tomorrow’s battle is won during today’s practice. (Japanese Proverb)
(c) Today must not borrow from tomorrow. [German Proverb]
(d) Yesterday, today and tomorrow – these are the three days of man.. [Chinese Proverb]

Question 3.
When you make your future plans you think of:
Answer:

1. Career
2. Higher studies
3. Retirement-plans/Financial security
4. Family life
5. Goal in life to be accomplished

Question 4.
‘Plan your tomorrow’ by completing the table given below.
Answer:

(A1)

Question 1.
Discuss with your friend how she/he spent the whole day that was beneficial for others.
Points:
(a) visited retirement home/time spent with elderly residents
(b) spent time conversing about their children/ grandchildren/ looking at photos,
(c) taught some of them how to use the internet to communicate/learned some traditional recipes
(d) promised to visit often regularly

(A2)

Question (i)
……..’was it well or sorely spent’? Explain the meaning and give illustrations.
Answer:
The poet asks the reader again and again if he/she spent each day well or wasted it -‘sorely spent’. We all are busy with our own lives, acting for our own benefit. The poet inspires us to be mindful and must be of use to the world around us. The poet prompts us to speak kindly and unselfishly help, at least one fellow human everyday. The message is implied throughout the poem.

He asks if you have made one person happy, some stranger who had lost all hope, to find some hope again. So he will speak well of you. Is someone grateful to you at the end of (each) the day?

Question (ii)
‘As you close your eyes in slumber do you think that God would say,
You have earned one more tomorrow by the work you did today?’
Elaborate the idea expressed in these lines.
Answer:
The poet indirectly means that each day we exist we must make our living useful. We are not sure if we shall wake in the morning. We pray we do. But for God to grant us one more day -tomorrow – we have to justify our existence today. Did we put today to use? Did we help at least one fellow-human? Did we extend the help without expecting any returns?

Did at least one person feel grateful for your act of help? If nothing, we can make the effort to speak a kind word to a stranger we may pass by in our daily hurry. So one has live mindfully, unselfishly and look for ways to be of help to someone in need. That is the minimum expected by God. Or to have lived as a human would be futile.

Question (iii)
The poet suggests that one should do good to others. Complete the table by giving examples of doing good to following people.
Answer:

(A3)

Question (i)
Pick out the describing words from the poem and add a noun of your own.
Answer:

Question (ii)
Match the words given in column A with their meaning in column B:

Answer:

1. Cheerful – happy
2. Selfish – concerned with one’s own pleasure
3. Sorely – with the feeling of disappointment
4. Discontent – lack of satisfaction

Question (iii)
There are a few examples of homonyms in the poem. For example ‘spoke’. List homonyms from the poem and give their meanings.
Answer:
Passed:

1. (of a candidate) be successful in (an examination, test, or course).
2. went past/left behind Deed:
3. an action that is performed intentionally or consciously.
4. a legal document that is signed and delivered, especially one regarding the ownership of property or legal rights.

Waste:
1. use or expend carelessly, extravagantly, or to no purpose.
(of a person or a part of the body) become progressively weaker and more emaciated.
2. (of a material, substance, or by-product) eliminated or discarded as no longer useful or required after the completion of a process.

Question (iv)
Find out expressions/phrases which denote, ‘going away’ from each stanza.
Answer:

1. Stanza 1: “is almost over”
2. Stanza 1: “passed his way”
3. Stanza 1: “is almost over”
4. Stanza 2: “vanish in the throng”
5. Stanza 2: “rushed along”
6. Stanza 3: “were fading now”

(A4)

Question (i)
The poet has used different poetic devices like Alliteration and Interrrogation in the poem. Identify them and pick out the lines.
Answer:

Question (ii)
The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is ‘aabb’. Find the rhyme scheme of other stanzas.
Answer:
The rhyme scheme of all the stanzas is ‘aabb’.

(A5)

Question (i)
Write the appreciation of this poem based on the points given below :

• About the poem/ poet and the title
• The theme
• Poetic style
• The language/poetic devices used in the poem
• Special features
• Message, Values, Morals in the poem
• Your opinion about the poem

Answer:
The poet, Edgar Guest’s “Have you Earned your Tomorrow”, is a thought provoking composition. The title itself pushes our mind to wonder if today we have done something useful.

It Urges the reader to be thoughtful in everyday life about the people around them. The poet puts forward questions. Each question forces us to ask ourselves if we are kind, unselfish, patient and thoughtful. In our everyday rush, to live our life only for our own benefit, we forget to consider the people nearby who may be less fortunate.

There is interrogation in eleven lines of the sixteen-line poem. The language is simple. There is alliteration and rhyme. The poem has four stanzas of four lines each. The first stanza has four lines, each having fourteen syllables. The second, third and fourth stanzas also with four lines, have fifteen syllables each.

The clear message of the poem is one’s life is meaningful only if it is useful for humanity at large. The poet says one’s conscience has to know that your existence is justified. Or one cannot feel he has the right to ask for one more day of life. It is an uplifting poem. We can take the message and begin implementing it in our life immediately and every day.

Question (ii)
Prepare a mind map on ‘How to plan a goal for tomorrow’ or ‘My future goal’. Take the help of points given in ‘Writing Skills Section’ for preparing a mind map.
Answer:

Question (iii)
Write a set of 8 to 10 interview questions to be asked to a social worker. Take the help of the following points:

• Childhood
• Education
• Service
• Difficulties
• Future plans
• Achievements
• Message

Answer:

1. Good evening Rima ma’am. I would like to know a bit about your life. Could we begin with a walk down memory lane to your childhood?
2. What was your hobby/past-time in your childhood?
3. Which is the best memory during your school/high school/college years? Which phase did you enjoy the most?
4. You have moved to different cities due to your father’s job. Which is the city/town which you loved living in the most?
5. How did you get into social service? Who was your role model or inspiration?
6. What were the challenges and difficulties that caused any setback in your life?
7. What plans do you have for the future? Would you mind sharing a little of those with your fans?
8. There are many achievements you have seen. Which is the most important according to you?
9. What is the message you want to give to those in this noble field? What would be your tip especially for youngsters?

Question (iv)
Compose 4-6 lines on your own on ‘Good deeds’.
Answer:
‘Good deeds’
The tree gives shade and fruits it does not eat
The river flows cool and sweet of water it doesn’t drink.
When a stranger sad or in need you may meet
Be sure you lift him up, not let him into despair sink.

(A6)

Question (i)
Find out different career opportunities in the field of social work.

Question (ii)
Collect information of the NGOs working for the underprivileged section of the society.

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 2.4 Have you Earned Your Tomorrow Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the poem and complete the activities given below:

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Describe the various ways you use to greet your elder.
Answer:
Whenever we meet our elders we greet them with great respect and love. Through the length and breadth of our country touching the feet of elders is the tradition. We also fold our palms in the very Indian greeting of ‘Namaste’. This comes from the word ‘Namaskaar’. In south India touching people is not a normal custom. Younger people prostrate full length before elders such as parents, uncles-aunts, gurus and even older siblings. In north India the younger bend before the elders and ladies cover their head with the shawl or sari edge. Age is a very significant factor. The greeting is always a gesture of respect and the elders respond affectionately by showering blessings.

Poetic Devices:

Question 1.
Identify an example of synecdoche from the poem.
Answer:
‘Is a single heart rejoicing over what you did or said;’
The word ‘heart’, 3rd line of the 3rd stanza is an example of synecdoche.
The word heart – a part – refers to a whole or the person who is rejoicing.