Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 3.5 Great Scientists Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 3.5 Great Scientists

My English Coursebook Std 9 Guide Chapter 3.5 Great Scientists Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat

1. What would you like to learn about in your Science period?
2. Have you ever tried to do an experiment on your own?
   If yes, tell me about it.
   If no, tell me why you’ve never tried.
3. What would you like to learn about in your English classes?

Inventions

Question (a)
Think of as many examples of the following as you can and write them in the appropriate column:

Answer:

Type of machine	Examples
Simple machines that are operated by hand	Screwdriver, pincers, auger chisel, drill machine, spanner, etc.
Machines that run on electricity	electric motor, fan, air conditioner, hair drier, geyser, mixer, oven, etc.
Electronic devices	Mobile phones, tablets, laptops, computer, speakers, etc.

Question (b)
Write as many uses of the following as you can:
(a) A cloth bag
(b) a wicker basket
(c) a glass bottle or jar
(d) a steel bowl
(e) a thick string or rope
Answer:
(a) a cloth bag: to carry things, for keeping clothes, shopping, using instead of paper bags, etc.
(b) a wicker basket: for keeping fruits, grains, carrying and selling vegetables, fruits, fish, etc.
(c) a glass bottle or jar: for keeping jam, liquids, juice, pickles, water for drinking, for medicine, kerosene, storing liquids, etc.
(d) a steel bowl: to keep eatables while eating, for drinking medicine, while serving curry, dal, shrikhand, aamras, etc.
(e) a thick string or rope: to tie things, to play, to hold things together, used in adventure sports like trekking, mountaineering, etc., to tether cattle.

English Workshop:

1. Write what is implied in the following sentence:

Question (a)
But few know his inspirational life story, which is all about courage and fighting against the odds. (What does it tell you about Faraday’s life?)
Answer:
Faraday was born in a poverty-stricken family, suffered from a speech defect as a child, had to start working at the age of thirteen. Poor Faraday had to struggle hard against all odds because he had no social status, no money and no education. Even then he toiled hard and achieved a great success after all his difficulties.

Question (b)
Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday: (Choose the correct question tag.)

1. didn’t he?
2. have he?
3. does he?
4. did he?

Answer:
Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday, did he?

Question (c)
People started telling Davy that of all his discoveries, the best was Faraday himself. (What does it suggest about Davy’s work?)

2. Break the passage into convenient smaller sections. Give sub-headings or titles to each section:

Question 1.
Break the passage into convenient smaller sections. Give sub-headings or titles to each section:
Answer:
1. Passage: Michael Faraday is regarded as ………….. produce the first consistent light bulb.
Title: Faraday’s childhood and his work as a bookbinder.

2. Passage: That day in 1812 Faraday ………………. to see some Davy’s leading experiments.
Title: Faraday’s association with Davy.

3. Passage: Even then Davy did not have much ……………….. born out of mockery directed at Faraday.
Title: Faraday discovered the ‘induction motor’

4. Passage: Faraday became a celebrity scientist ………………. inspire him during difficult times.
Title: Davy’s jealousy and Faraday’s failure!

5. Passage: In 1829, Davy died and Faraday concept called polarization.
Title: 1. Faraday becomes head of Davy’s laboratory.
2. Finds concept of polarization.

6. Passage: He then took the age-old experiment ………………. ‘It does not matter who you are’.
Title:
1. Fortune favours Faraday!
2. Association with Maxwell and Maxwell’s equations creates revolution!

3. List the different gadgets and instruments mentioned in the passage. Find more information about at least 3 of them, using the internet:

Question 1.
List the different gadgets and instruments mentioned in the passage. Find more information about at least 3 of them, using the internet:
Answer:
Gadgets and instruments from the lesson:
fans, air conditioning, sewing machines, photographs, power tools, cars, telescopes, microscopes, electrical generators, dynamos, Electronics and communication system, etc.

4. Find out more about the following scientists with the help of the Internet.

Question 1.
Find out more about the following scientists with the help of the Internet.

1. Michael Faraday
2. Humphry Davy
3. Thomas Edison
4. James Maxwell:

(Students do this on their own using the Internet.)

Language Study:

5. Find the following matter in the passage and copy the missing words:

Question 1.
Find the following matter in the passage and copy the missing words:
(Answers are directly underlined.)
(a) When he was twelve, …………………………… school ………………….
(b) One day he came across a book on ………………………….. .
(c) Faraday decided that ………………… scientist
(d) Davy never believed ……………………. science …………………….
(e) People started telling Davy that ……………………. discoveries, ……………………….
(f) He handed him a piece of Bavarian glass, which ……………………. microscopes, ………………….
(g) He went on to prove that …………………… filings;
(h) It was Maxwell who …………………… equations ………………….
Answer:
(a) When he was twelve, his mother was forced to take him out of school.
(b) One day he came across a book on electricity which had been sent to his master for binding.
(c) Faraday decided that day that he wanted to be a great scientist.
(d) Davy never believed Faraday could do anything in the field of science.
(e) People started telling Davy that of all his discoveries, the best was Faraday himself, this made him even more jealous.
(f) He handed him a piece of Bavarian glass, which was used in the lenses in telescopes and microscopes, and asked him to reverse engineer it.
(g) He went on to prove that these patterns were not a property of the iron filings.
(h) It was Maxwell who translated Faraday’s idea into a set of equations that are now called Maxwell’s equations.

6. Now Complete the following sentences using your own words/phrases:

Question 1.
Now Complete the following sentences using your own words/phrases:
(Answers are directly given.)
(a) When he was twelve, ………………………. .
(b) One day he came across a book on ………………… .
(c) He decided that …………………. .
(d) He never believed ……………… .
(e) People started telling that ………………. .
(f) He handed him which ……………………. .
(g) He went on to prove that ………………… .
(h) It was ……………….. who ………………… .
Answer:
(a) When he was twelve, he took lessons in martial arts.
(b) One day he came across a book on ‘How to make friends’.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 3.5 Great Scientists Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
State if the following statements are True or False : (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Faraday’s work on electricity is still a subject of study. – True
2. Faraday as a child, had a speech defect. – True
3. Faraday disliked reading. – False
4. The first consistent light bulb was produced by Davy. – False

Question 2.
What is the passage about?
Answer:
The passage is about the great scientists and their qualities.

Question 3.
Complete the following statements by giving reasons: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Faraday forgot to applaud with the rest of the crowd because he was fully engrossed in Davy’s lecture.
2. Faraday didn’t just want to sell books because he wanted to be a great scientist.
3. Davy decided to hire Faraday as his secretary because a chemical explosion had temporarily blinded Davy.
4. Davy promoted Faraday to his lab assistant because Faraday worked day and night and learnt a lot about Davy’s experiments.

Question 4.
What was the subject of Davy’s lecture?
Answer:
Davy’s lecture was about the mysterious force of electric fluid.

Question 5.
Complete the sentences using the information given in the passage:
(Answers are directly given.)
1. The induction motor spurred a revolution.
2. Davy and William Wollaston were trying to re-create a famous electromagnetism experiment.

Complex Factual Activity:

Question 1.
What were the odds against Faraday in his childhood?
Answer:
Faraday faced many odds as a child. He was born in a very poor family and lived in a dirty London Suburb. He suffered from a speech defect, so much that other children laughed on his pronounces. At the age of twelve he was forced to leave his school and it was the end of his formal education. At the age of thirteen he had to take up working as a bookbinder for living.

Question 2.
What actions and thoughts of Faraday show that he was inspired by Davy?
Answer:
Faraday took notes of Davy’s lecture on ‘mysterious force of electric fluid’s comprehensively. He bound them into a book for giving a gift to Davy someday. From that day he thought of becoming a great scientist and to write his own books. Davy became his role model. He wanted Davy to become his mentor. Though, Davy did not agree, Faraday was not unhappy and disappointed and just kept trying to get his favour.

Question 3.
Was Davy fair in his treatment of Faraday? How did Faraday respond to that treatment?
Answer:
Davy definitely was not fair in his treatment of Faraday. But Faraday was not deterred and was relentless. He continued working hard day and night to learn as much as he could about Davy’s experiments. Though his work was cleaning the labs, Faraday considered himself lucky to get to see some of Davy’s experiments.

Question 4.
What happens when an electric current is applied to a wire?
Answer:
When an electric current is applied to a wire, it causes that wire to behave like a magnet and the forces are connected.

Question 5.
An induction motor is a commonly used electrical machine. What examples of its use are given here?
Answer:
The induction motor is used in fans, air conditioning, sewing machines, photographs, power tools, cars and even trains and aeroplane engines.

Give one example each to show that –

Question (a)
Faraday was a good pupil.
Answer:
Faraday respected Davy though he was jealous of Faraday. Davy gave him an impossible task to reverse engineer the Bavarian glass but Faraday accepted the assignment despite knowing that it would be very difficult. This shows that Faraday was a good pupil.

Question (b)
Davy was not a good mentor.
Answer:
Davy was jealous of his pupil’s achievement and never helped him in his difficulties. He gave Faraday an impossible task to keep him out of his way. He knew that with the equipment available in the lab, Faraday would never be able to accomplish the task. He wanted to enjoy his pupil’s failure. This shows that Davy was not a good mentor.

Question 1.
Why did Faraday keep a souvenir of his failure as a source of inspiration?
Answer:
Faraday kept a single glass brick on his shelf as a souvenir to remind himself of those difficult days. He wanted to remember his failure and the hard work he had done during those difficult days. He believed that it would inspire him in such difficult days.

Activities based on vocabulary:

What is the meaning of the following sentences:

Question (a)
Reading became his obsession.
Answer:
Faraday’s mind was completely filled with thoughts of reading and he did not think of anything else other than reading.

Question (b)
Electricity became his lifelong fascination.
Answer:
Electricity became Faraday’s very strong attraction lasting all through his life.

Question 1.
Write two compound words from the passage :
Example: bookbinder.
Answer:
1. poverty-stricken
2. lifelong

Question 2.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with the meaning in Column ‘B’:
Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. pursue	(a) a person that you admire and try to follow him/her
2. role model	(b) to continue to do or achieve something
3. mentor	(c) to cheer with claps
4. applaud	(d) an expert who advises and helps less experienced persons

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1.  pursue	(b) to continue to do or achieve something
2. role model	(a) a person that you admire and try to follow him/her
3. mentor	(d) an expert who advises and helps less experienced persons
4. applaud	(c) to cheer with claps

Question 3.
Write four words from the passage that tell us the state of mind of a person :
Answer:

1. spellbound
2. engrossed
3. dejected
4. relentless.

Question 4.
Write words using each letter of the following words:

1. about
2. angry
3. thing
4. from.

Answer:

1. ant, ball, odd, use, table.
2. and, not, give, ray, yes.
3. that, high, inn, note, goat.
4. frog, road, ox, mango.

Question 5.
Choose the correct words from the passage and complete the table:
Answer:

Describing words	The nouns described
1. circular	patterns
2. invisible	magnetic fields
3. formal	education
4. age-old	experiment
5. impossible	tasks
6. empty	space

Question 6.
Find and write the past tense verbs with ‘-ed’ from the passage :
Answer:
filled, disturbed, copied, accepted, favoured, translated, combined, helped, designed, started.

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Question 1.
Write any four words that begin with ‘re-’ as a prefix ;
Answer:

1. rewrite
2. replace
3. replay
4. redirect.

Question 2.
He dismissed Faraday’s aspirations.
(Begin with Faraday’s aspiration-and make the sentence of Passive voice.)
Answer:
Faraday’s aspirations were dismissed by him.

Question 3.
He forgot to applaud with the rest of the crowd.
(Make the sentence negative without changing the meaning.)
Answer:
He did not remember to applaud with the rest of the crowd.

Question 4.
Find and write from the passage the adjectives used for the following nouns :

1. force
2. notes
3. explosion
4. memory.

Answer:

1. mysterious force
2. comprehensive notes
3. chemical explosion
4. excellent memory.

Question 5.
He needed an assistant.
(Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined part of the sentence as an answer.)
Answer:
What did he need?

Question 6.
Use the following phrases in the sentences of your own

1. figure out
2. born out of
3. try one’s hand at
4. to spur a revolution

Answer:

1. He couldn’t figure out the reason behind his friend’s behaviour with him.
2. Every invention is bom out of inquisitiveness.
3. Father asked me to try my hand at preparing the food item.
4. Computers have spurred a revolution in this modern world.

Question 7.
It would be very difficult
(Make it a negative sentence.)
Answer:
It would not be very easy.

Question 8.
He accepted the assignment. (Change the voice.)
Answer:
The assignment was accepted by him.

Frame wh-question to get the underlined part as answers:

Question (a)
He used the same glass now.
Answer:
What did he use now?

Question (b)
They found the strange object under a bench in the garden.
Answer:
Where did they find the strange object?

Question 1.
He was unable to explain them.
(Make it a negative sentence without changing meaning,)
Answer:
He could not explain them.

Question 2.
He made hundreds of such drawings.
(Choose the correct sentence of passive voice.)
(a) Hundreds of such drawings are made by him.
(b) Hundreds of such drawings will be made by him.
(c) Hundreds of such drawings were made by him.
(d) Hundreds of such drawings have made by him.
Answer:
(c) Hundreds of such drawings were made by him.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

1. p _ ove
2. fi_ld
3. e _ pty
4. mi_ht

Answer:

1. prove
2. field
3. empty
4. might

Question 2.
Copy the following sentences correctly in your notebook:
Answer:
1. He couldn’t even say his own name and would call himself ‘Faraday’.
2. faraday was spellbound by Davy’s lecture in 1812.

Question 3.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. epitomise, generate, convert, accomplish
2. destiny, determine, disturb, dismiss
Answer:
1. accomplish, convert, epitomise, generate.
2. destiny, determine, dismiss, disturb.

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. he worked day and night and learnt as much as he could about davys experiments
2. Faraday had a never give up attitude and he respected davy
Answer:
1. He worked day and night and learnt as much as he could about Davy’s experiments.
2. Faraday had a never-give-up attitude and he respected Davy.

Question 5.
Write four small words (minimum letters each) using the letters in the given word: ‘comprehensive’:
Answer:

1. come
2. cohesive
3. hen
4. hive.

Spot the error and circle it. Then rewrite the corrected sentence:

Question 1.

Answer:
Our teacher was absent yesterday.

Question 2.

Answer:
She has forgotten her notebook in school.

Write related words as shown in the example: (Answers are directly given.)

Question 1.
Write related words as shown in the example: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Complete the following word-chain with any four words. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:

Question (a)
Complete the following word-chain with any four words. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:
poverty → ………. → ………. → ………… → ………….
Answer:
poverty → yank → knowing → gorgeous → slap.

Question 2.
Make a meaningful sentence by using the following phrase in your own sentence, “for a while”.
Answer:
Please wait for a while, I will come with you.

Question 3.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words and use one of the root words in your own sentence:
1. ignore
2. achieve
Answer:
1. ignorance
2. achievement.
Sentence: We should not ignore our duties towards our motherland.

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences using your own words: (Answers are directly given.)
OR
Add a clause to expand the sentence meaningfully:
(One senteces will be asked in the activity sheet)
Answer:

1. He went on to prove that the pug marks found in the mud were not of a dog but of a tiger’s.
2. It was Sardar Patel who led the famous Bardoli Satyagraha.
3. This is where his decision went against him.
4. He did not know much about the customs of the Adivasis.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Why do you think Faraday’s friend gave him a free ticket to Davy’s programme?
Answer:
I think, the friend knew that Faraday was poor and could not afford to buy a ticket for such a big programme. He also must be knowing about Faraday’s fascination about the subject of electricity, and that would be a great opportunity for him to attend the lecture of the renowned scientist Humphry Davy’s work on the subject chemicals and electrical lighting.

Question 2.
Is it necessary to have social status, money to pursue your goal? Explain why.
Answer:
I think it is not necessary to have social status or money to pursue our goal. Only that, you must have a dream to achieve the goal and continue to work hard towards it. You must keep on trying day and night with perseverance and sincerity.

Question 3.
Write what is implied in the following sentence: Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday. (What do the words ‘even then’ suggest?)
Answer:
Faraday wanted to be a great scientist. But Davy dismissed all his aspirations in the field of science. He made Faraday his secretary then his lab assistant. Faraday worked day and night and learnt about Davy’s experiments. Even after doing such hard work and getting knowledge and experience Davy was not hopeful about Faraday’s scientific career, because of his social status and education.

Question 4.
Write what is implied in the following sentence: People started telling Davy that of all his discoveries, the best was Faraday himself. (What does it suggest about Davy’s work?)
Answer:
Humphry Davy was a renowned chemist who made many discoveries about chemicals and electrical lighting. Faraday wanted Davy to become his mentor but Davy never believed in Faraday’s ability and always tried to keep him away from the experiments he was doing. Davy became jealous of Faraday when he became a celebrity scientist overnight. But Faraday did not receive recognition for his success from Davy. So people started telling Davy that Faraday himself was his best discovery.

Question 5.
Do you agree with Faraday’s following quotation? Explain with his own examples:
‘In order to succeed, your desire for success should be greater than your fear of failure’.
Answer:
Yes. I fully agree with Faraday’s quotation. He wants to say that if you want to get success you should never fear of failures. If your desire for success is greater than your fear of failures, you can definitely achieve your success with determination and perseverance. Davy asked him to reverse engineer Bavarian glass. He toiled hard but failed to do it. He had lost his memory but the disease did not stop him. His failures did not become obstacles in the way of his success.

Question 6.
When you wish to achieve some goal, does it matter what you are?
Answer:
No. When you wish to achieve some goal it does not matter who you are. You may not have status in the society or wealth or even education but still you can achieve your goal with hard work, perseverance, conviction, keen observation and intelligence.

Activity:

Question (a)
Information about 3 gadgets/instruments
Answer:
1. Telescopes:
A telescope is an optical instrument that aids the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light). The first known practical telescope was invented in Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century, by using glass lenses. It has use in both terrestrial applications and astronomy. There are many types of telescopes, for example, radio telescope, X-ray telescope, optical telescope, etc. They are generally made up of two lenses placed at a fixed distance to enlarge far away images.

2. Fan:
A fan is a machine used to create flow within a fluid, typically a gas such as air. The fan consists of a rotating arrangements of blades which act on the fluid. The rotating assembly of blades and hub is I known as rotor. A fan concentrates the airflow in the required direction. The punkah fan was used in India about 500 BC. It was a handheld fan made of bamboo strips and other plant fibre. This evolved over the years to the modern fans we see in our rooms daily now.

3. Sewing machine:
It is a machine used to stitch fabric and other material together with a thread. Sewing machines were invented during the Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work. In a modern sewing machine the fabric easily glides in and out without the inconvenience of needles and thimbles but the earlier sewing machines were partially manual and helped the tailor do the stitching faster saving his time.

Inventions

Question 1.
Choose any one machine or device and prepare a short note about it. Use the points given in margin of the textbook page no. 88.
Answer:

A Note on Fan

A fan is a machine/device used to create flow within fluid, typically a gas such as air. The fan consists of a rotating arrangement of blades that act on air concentrating the flow of air in one direction. The rotating assembly of blades and motor is known as rotor. Fans are powered by electricity. The ‘punkha’ (fan) was used in India about 500 BC. It was handheld fan made of bamboo. These fans evolved after centuries to the fans, we see today in our homes.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 1.4 The Story of Tea Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 1.4 The Story of Tea

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Chapter 1.4 The Story of Tea Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

• Can you make tea?
• How do you make tea?
• What brand do you like?
• At home, who makes tea/coffee for everybody?
• Have you seen a tea-plantation?
• What was it like?

Write the names of as many beverages as you can within two minutes. What do the following beverages remind you of? Draw word webs to show your associations.

Question 1.
Write the names of as many beverages as you can within two minutes. What do the following beverages remind you of? Draw word webs to show your associations.

Answer:

English Workshop:

1. List all the names of Geographical places mentioned in the passage.

Question 1.
List all the names of Geographical places mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
Assam, China, Cambod, Darjiling, Nilgiris.

2. Make smaller words using the letters in the given words. (At least 5 words each)

Question 1.
Make smaller words using the letters in the given words. (At least 5 words each)

• actually
• refreshing
• immediately
• investigations
• meditation
• enjoyable
• loneliness
• friendship

Answer:

1. actually – act, all, tall, call, ally.
2. refreshing – fresh, refresh, ring, sing, fin.
3. immediately – dial, ate, die, mat, date.
4. investigation – invest, nation, station, nest, vest.
5. meditation – tan, edition, meat, edit.
6. enjoyable – enjoy, able, joy, enables, noble.
7. loneliness – lone, one, line, nine, less.
8. friendship – friend, ship, end, fried, find
9. powdered – pod, were, red, owe, power
10. hospitality – hospital, spit, pity, host, hit.

3. From the passage, copy correctly any three sentences that begin with ‘How’.

Question 1.
From the passage, copy correctly any three sentences that begin with ‘How’.

4. Find the meanings of the following from a good dictionary :

Question 1.
Find the meanings of the following from a good dictionary :

• infusion
• restorative
• inscriptions
• radicals
• connoisseurs

5. List the words related to
(a) agriculture
(b) chemistry from this passage.

Question 1.
List the words related to
(a) agriculture
(b) chemistry from this passage.

6. Complete the following sentences with the help of the passage:

Question 1.

Complete the following sentences with the help of the passage:
(a) Camellia sinensis is an evergreen plant that grows in
(b) The teas we buy are usually classified according to
(c) In many countries around the world, tea drinking is an
(d) Our body produces chemicals called
Answer:
(a) Camellia sinensis is an evergreen plant that grows in tropical and sub-tropical climates.
(b) The teas we buy are usually classified according to the size of their leaves.
(c) In many countries around the world, tea drinking is an
(d) Our body produces chemicals called

7. Prepare a flow chart to show the growth and journey of tea from the plantation to our homes. Use information from the lesson.

Question 1.
Prepare a flow chart to show the growth and journey of tea from the plantation to our homes. Use information from the lesson.

Answer:

Language  Study:

8. From the passage, find all the words or pairs of words that begin with ‘tea’.
Examples: teapot, tea plants.
When two words come together to form a new word, the new word is called a compound word. What words do you see in the following compounds – evergreen, blood pressure, every day?
Note that some compound words are written as one word (teapot), some with a hyphen between them (tea-making) and some as two separate words (tea club).

9. Sometimes the form of a verb in a sentence names the action but does not change according to tense, number or person. Such a form is known as a non-finite form or an ui1lnitii. An infinitive is used with or without ‘to’.
Examples: How did people first begin to drink tea? Can you name the beverage?
Underline the infinitive in the following sentences.
It was funny to read words that stood still.
Can I read the book?
They could help one another with the homework and talk about it.
To be or not to be – that is the question.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 1.4 The Story of Tea Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passage and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the sentences using the information given in the passage:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. The most popular beverage in the world is tea.
2. Tea plants require at least 100-125 cm of rainfall a year.
3. World’s famous tea estates are located on hill slopes.

Question 2.
Complete the following sentences using the information given in the passage :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Most people agree that tea is a refreshing drink.
2. Emperor Shennong was called the father of Chinese agriculture and medicine.
3. Bodhidharma found that chewing tea leaves acted as a stimulant.
4. Tea got its distinctive flavour by its theanine as well as caffeine.

Question 3.
Write whether the following statements are True or False :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. The first Indian tea was sent to England for public sale in 1823. – False
2. Tea became a fashionable and popular drink in Europe. – True
3. Our body produces chemicals called free radicals. – True
4. The word ‘chai’ is now sometimes used in English to refer to China tea. – False

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences with the help of the information given in the passage :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. In many countries around the world, tea drinking is an important social occasion.
2. Tea ceremonies give people the time to relax and enjoy the taste and smell of tea.
3. For many people tea is a popular drink to have with friends.
4. Koreans still have tea ceremonies on the occasions of special birthdays and anniversaries.

Question 5.
Choose the correct alternatives and complete the following sentences :
(Answers are directly given.)
Question a.
In Russia, tea is made and served in ………….. .
(a) cups
(b) pots
(c) samovars
Answer:
(c) samovars

Question b.
In Japan, tea is made using ……………… .
(a) a bamboo whisk
(b) sugar
(c) green tea
Answer:
(a) a bamboo whisk

Question c.
In India, tea is served as a token of ……………….. .
(a) love
(b) hospitality
(c) affection
Answer:
(b) hospitality

Question d.
In China, tea is made in small ………………. teapots.
(a) clay
(b) metal
(c) glass
Answer:
(a) clay

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Which geographical conditions (features) are required for growing tea plants?
Answer:
Tea plants require tropical and sub-tropical climates. They need at least 100-125 cm of rainfall and acidic soils. They grow well on hill slopes at elevations of up to 1500 metres where they acquire a richer flavour at that height.

Question 2.
Why are tea plants pruned?
Answer:
The tea plants are pruned and kept at height of about three feet to make it possible for them to ; pluck the tea leaves easily.

Question 3.
How is tea the beverage made?
Answer:
Tea is made by brewing, that is by infusing tea leaves in boiling water.

Question 4.
Complete the web:
(Answer are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 5.
Who was Emperor Shennong? Why did he carry out further investigations about tea?
Answer:
Emperor Shennong was the father of Chinese agriculture and medicine. On drinking the boiled water of tea leaves, he was amazed by the rich flavour and the refreshing quality of the infusion he was so excited that he decided to carry out further investigation.

Question 6.
Arrange the following sentences in proper order of their occurrence :
1. Japanese priests studying under Buddhist teachers in China carried tea seeds and leaves to Japan.
2. Turkish traders began to bargain for tea on the border of Mongolia.
3. Bodhidharma, a Buddhist monk introduced tea among his disciples in China.
4. The Chinese Emperor Hui Tsung failed to notice that Mongolia had actually taken over his empire.
Answer:
3. Bodhidharma, a Buddhist monk introduced tea among his disciples in China.
1. Japanese priests studying under Buddhist teachers in China carried tea seeds and leaves to Japan.
2. Turkish traders began to bargain for tea on border of Mongolia.
4. The Chinese Emperor Hui Tsung failed to notice that Mongolia had actually taken over his empire.

Question 7.
Complete the web :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 8.
Guess the origin of the Marathi word ‘Chaim’:
Answer:
Instead of earlier word ‘t’u’ Chinese started using ‘ch’a’ to describe tea. The word ‘Ch’a’ was close to the Hindi word ‘chai’ and was used all over India. Then slightly changed word ‘chaha’ was used in Marathi. It was the combination of the words ‘ch’a’ and ‘chai’ in Marathi version.

Question 9.
Complete the following choosing information from the passage :
Answer:

Question 10.
How do Indians like to have their tea?
Answer:
Most Indians like to have their tea hot with a good deal of milk and sugar in it. In the rainy season, tea is brewed with ginger to give it additional medicinal properties. Some others add spices like cardamom, cloves or mace to add to its taste and flavour. They have their morning and evening tea after spicy snacks. Some connoisseurs enjoy delicately flavoured jasmine tea, green tea, lemon tea and even iced tea.

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meaning in Column ‘B’:

‘A’	‘B’
1. aromatic	(a) any liquid for drinking
2. brew	(b) the hot regions of the world
3. beverage	(c) fragrant
4. tropical	(d) to make tea etc. by boiling

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. aromatic	(c) fragrant
2. brew	(d) to make tea etc. by boiling
3. beverage	(a) any liquid for drinking
4. tropical	(b) the hot regions of the world

Question 3.
List the qualities of the special type of tea.
Answer:
unique in taste, aroma, strength, flavour.

Question 4.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meaning in column ‘B’:

‘A’	‘B’
1. investigation	(a) a scientific examination for finding the truth.
2. stimulant	(b) a drink made by leaving shrubs (leaves), etc. in boiling water.
3. infusion	(c) making you strong and healthy again.
4. restorative	(d) a substance (tea) that helps you to stay awake.

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. investigation	(a) a scientific examination for finding the truth.
2. stimulant	(d) a substance (tea) that helps you to stay awake.
3. infusion	(b) a drink made by leaving shrubs (leaves), etc. in boiling water.
4. restorative	(c) making you strong and healthy again.

Question 5.
Match the verbs in ‘A’ with the related phrases/words in ‘B’ from the passage:

‘A’	‘B’
1. reduce	(a) viruses in our body
2. control	(b) us live longer
3. fight	(c) the risk of cancer
4. help	(d) blood pressure

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. reduce	(c) the risk of cancer
2. control	(d) blood pressure
3. fight	(a) viruses in our body
4. help	(b) us live longer

Question 6.
Write the words related to ‘medicine’ from the passage :
Answer:
cancer, blood pressure, viruses, antioxidants, free radicals, system, body, health, damage.

Question 7.
List the things from the passage that are used for making tea.
Answer:
powdered green tea, bamboo whisk, milk, sugar, ginger, spices like cardamom, cloves, mace, jasmine, lemon.

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Question 1.
Underline the adverbs from the following sentences :
(Answers are directly underlined.)
Answer:

1. Can you name the most widely consumed beverage in the world, after water?
2. The tree plants grow slowly.

Question 2.
Underline the infinitives in the following sentence:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. It was funny to read words that stood still.
2. Do I have to read the book?
3. Turkish traders began to bargain for tea.
4. A servant was boiling some water for the king to drink.

Question 3.
Find the subject and the object from the following sentences :
1. The water immediately changed colour.
2. He carried out further investigations.
Answer:
1. Subject: The water: Object: colour
2. Subject: He; Object: investigations.

Question 4.
Underline the infinitives in the following sentences :
(Answers are directly underlined.)
Answer:

1. The word ch’a’ is used in English to refer to China tea.
2. Tea may be able to reduce the risk of cancer.

Question 5.
Choose the proper article from the given brackets to complete the sentences.
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. He has to attend an important meeting. (a, an)
2. He was looking at the setting sun. (the, a, an)

Question 6.
Replace the underlined words with another words and rewrite the sentences :

Question a.
The ceremonies give people the time to relax.
Answer:
The ceremonies give people the time to enjoy.

Question b.
For many people tea is a popular drink.
Answer:
For many people tea is a refreshing drink.

Question c.
Make any question using the wh-words given below:

1. Where
2. What
3. Who
4. When

Answer:

1. Where is our friend, Amar?
2. What shall we do now?
3. Who was there with you just now?
4. When will you meet me again?

Question 7.
Read the sentences and fill in the blanks with correct prepositions given in the brackets :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Tea is served in a small clay pot. (in, on, with)
2. The tea is mixed with boiled water using cloves, (for, with, at)
3. They still have tea ceremonies for important occasions, (for, to, in)
4. Some people use mace to add to its taste. (for, to, with)

Question 8.
Arrange the following words in correct order to frame sentences :
1. is tea cup of a offered guests to.
2. brewed ginger is Tea with.
Answer:
1. A cup of tea is offered to guests.
2. Tea is brewed with ginger.

Do as directed :

Question 1.
We have three different tea-growing regions in India. (Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined word as an answer.)
Answer:
How many different tea-growing regions are there in India?

Question 2.
Choose the correct form of the verb from the brackets :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. A new flush appears on the plant every seven to ten days, (appear/appears)
2. Tea plants require at least 100-125 cm of rainfall a year, (require/requires)
3. Each of these regions is famous for the special type of tea. (is/are)
4. It is said that the tea plants grow slowly. (are/is)

Personal Response :

Question 1.
What are botanical names? How are they decided?
Answer:
Botanical names are actually scientific names. These names are according to binomial (two words) naming system. The first name tells us the genus of a plant and the second name is the species of the plant. Throughout the world there should be only one uniform name, that is why the scientific naming system is used.

Question 2.
What is the difference between legends or stories and history?
Answer:
Legends or stories may not be true but history tells you the facts and true events of the past. History is the written or recorded or spoken events of the past. They are concerned with the real persons, places, arts, etc. that really existed in the past whereas legends are mostly imaginary and passed down from generations to generations in the form of story telling. So they are likely to change but the events in history are generally unchangeable.

Question 3.
What is the difference between ‘claim’ and ‘fact’?
Answer:
The word ‘claim’ is used to say that something is true although it has not been proved or approved by all people totally. Fact means reality. It is used to refer that a particular situation or incident existed and considered to be true and that it can be proved as real.

Question 4.
Do you have any ceremonies associated with food items?
Answer:
There are no any ceremonies directly associated with particular food items. While celebrating marriage ceremony, house warming ceremony, anniversaries, etc. variety of food items are served by the hosts and people enjoy different food items with different flavours and tastes. When people celebrate the festivals of Holi, Diwali, Makar Sankrant etc. people particularly prepare and enjoy food items like puran poli, sweets, laddoos, tilgul, kheer, etc.

Question 5.
What is your favourite beverage? Tell your reasons :
Answer:
My favourite beverage is coffee. I love to have it because of its rich flavour and unique taste. I feel refreshed when I drink hot, slightly bitter coffee with brown colour.

Do as directed :

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters :

1. j u _ c e
2. d _ i n k
3. s _ o p e
4. w o _ l d

Answer:

1. j u i c e
2. d r i n k
3. s l o p e
4. w o r l d

Question 2
Copy the following sentences in your notebook:
1. Japan, China, Russia and Korea have special tea ceremonies and traditions.
2. Can you name the most widely consumed beverage in the world, after water?

Question 3.
Put the following words in alphabetical order :
1. evergreen, acidic, flavour, beverage.
2. emperor, elevation, enable, establish.
Answer:
1. acidic, beverage, evergreen, flavour.
2. elevation, emperor, enable, establish.

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences :
1. are there any wild animals in this forest Sahil asked the tour guide
2. what a fantastic landscape it is the visitor exclaimed.
Answer:
1. “Are there any wild animals in this forest?” Sahil asked the tour guide.
2. “What a fantastic landscape it is !” the visitor exclaimed.

Question 5.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences:
1. How and when did people first began to drink tea?
2. We has three very distinct and different tea growing regions in India.
Answer:
1. How and when did people first begin to drink tea?
2. We have three very distinct and different tea-growing regions in India.

Question 6.
Write related words as shown in the example :
(Answer is directly given.)
Answer:

Question 7.
Complete the following word-chain of nouns. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word :
proteins → ……………. → …………… → …………….. → …………….
Answer:
proteins → sugar → remand → dream → mop.

Do as directed :

Question 1.
Make your own meaningful sentence by using the phrase ‘to look for’.
Answer:
Amav lost his pen in his school and now he is looking for it in his home.

Question 2.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words and use any one of the root word in your own sentence :
1. confident
2. absent.
Answer:
1. confidence
2. absence.
Sentence: Ramesh was very confident when he began to give his speech.

Question 3.
Add a clause to expand the sentence meaningfully:
We know
Answer:
We know that trees are very important for all of us.

Language Study:

Question 1.
Compound word :
Find all the words or pairs of words that begin with ‘tea’.
Answer:
teapot, tea plants, tea gardens, tea-estates, tea leaves, tea seeds, tea-tasting, tea whisking, tea minded, tea growing, tea club, tea ceremony, tea kettle, tea lovers.

Question 2.
Underline the infinitive in the following sentences :
(The answers are underlined directly.)
Answer:

1. It was funny to read words that stood still.
2. To be or not to be – that is the question.
3. Can I read the book?
4. They could help one another with the homework and talk about it.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 3.4 Think Before You Speak! Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 3.4 Think Before You Speak!

My English Coursebook Std 9 Guide Chapter 3.4 Think Before You Speak! Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat

1. Do you write a diary?
2. Do you write letters or notes to your friends and relatives?
3. Do you ever fight with your friends?
4. Do you have arguments with your family members?
5. What are the arguments about?

Read the following words which may be used in place of speak-

Question (a)
Tick the words you know and underline the ones that you do not know. Find their meaning and pronunciation from a good dictionary.
1. Which of these words have a positive meaning?
2. Which of these words suggest an unpleasant context?

Question (b)
Try to translate these words into your mother tongue to show the different shades of meaning.

English Workshop:

1. The same word can be used as a noun in some sentences and as a verb in others.

Question 1.
The same word can be used as a noun in some sentences and as a verb in others.
For example,
1. Many are the empty remarks. ………………. (Noun)
2. A wise man once remarked, …………………. (Verb)

Make two sentences of your own with each of the words given below, using the same word as a noun in one and as a verb in another:

Question (a)
Change:
Answer:
1. He experienced a big change in his life. (Noun)
2. She changed her mind and joined them. (Verb)

Question (b)
Show:
Answer:
1. The young boy hosted the television show. (Noun)
2. They showed us the way to the post office. (Verb)

Question (c)
throw:
1. The naughty boy throws stones at a dog. (verb)
2. The wicketkeeper could not catch the throw properly, (noun)

Question (d)
return:
1. He will return from Pune soon. (verb)
2. I shall meet him on his return from London.(noun)

Question (e)
benefit:
1. He invests money in the mutual fund so that he will be benefitted in future, (verb)
2. He is enjoying the benefits of his hard work and honesty, (noun)

2. Complete the following:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
(a) Our ears are like funnels because ………………….
(b) The two rows of teeth are like a fence because ………………
(c) The two lips are like a fence because ……………..
(d) Harsh words are like scattered bits of paper carried away by the wind because ………………..
Answer:
(a) Our ears are like funnels because there is no door with which you can close them.
(b) The two rows of teeth are like a fence because every word you speak must pass through this wall of teeth.
(c) The two lips are like a fence because before a word can be spoken, it has to pass, it has to pierce through these two w alls.
(d) Once you have spoken a word you cannot get it back.

3. Write a brief summary of the story of the young man and his spiritual teacher, making the young man the narrator:

Question 1.
Write a brief summary of the story of the young man and his spiritual teacher, making the young man the narrator:
You may begin as given below. ‘I went quickly to my spiritual teacher for advice
because I had ……………… (Now continue)
Answer:
The young man and his spiritual teacher I went quickly to my spiritual teacher for advice because I had hurt my friend with my harsh and unkind words. I wanted to make amends. My teacher gave me a sheet of paper and a pen and asked me to write all the harsh words I had spoken.

When I did so he asked me to tear it into small bits and then throw them out of the window. When I did that he ‘i asked me to collect as many hits of paper as I could. That was impossible but I gave a try but could not collect a single torn bit. The teacher told me, that is what happens with the spoken word. He advised me to think before I speak in anger.

4. Translate the following sentences into your mother tongue.

Question 1.
Translate the following sentences into your mother tongue.
(a) The first question we must ask ourselves before we speak is – is it true?
(b) The second question to ask is – is it pleasant?
(c) The third question according to Socrates is – is it useful?
Answer:
The three questions were – is it true?, is it pleasant?, is it useful? Socrates told the youth that they should ask the three questions and if they get affirmative answers to them, they can open their mouths to speak.

(a) About the first question – is it true? – he advised that they should not utter a single word if they are not sure about the truth of what they are saying. If you utter words without thinking, you will be the cause of the spreading untruth.

(b) About the second question – is it pleasant? – he advised that they should not pass empty, vain remarks that might hurt others. Leave these unpleasant words remain unspoken.

(c) About the third question – is it useful? – Socrates advised the youth that our words should bring comfort to others and help them. If they are sure about it they should go ahead and speak.

5. ‘A very wise man once remarked that of the unspoken word you are a master, of the spoken word, you are a slave.’

Question 1.
Read the following sentence.
‘A very wise man once remarked that of the unspoken word you are a master, of the spoken word, you are a slave.’

The sentence has two pairs of opposites – spoken and unspoken, and master and slave. The contrasting ideas make the sentence more effective. Putting together opposite or contrasting ideas in one sentence is a literary device. It is called antithesis.

Read the following examples of antithesis.

1. Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.
2. Man proposes, God disposes.
3. Speech is silver, but silence is gold.
4. Patience is bitter, but it has a sweet fruit.

6. Find some examples of antithesis from your mother tongue and translate them into English.

Question 1.
Find some examples of antithesis from your mother tongue and translate them into English.
Answer:

1. Give food, clothes, etc. to your child, but never give your earnings.
2. Hard work is exhausting, but its benefits are pleasing.
3. Listen to people, but j do what your conscience says.
4. Money can buy everything, but not happiness.

7. We have seen that clauses are parts of a sentence, and they are classified as main and subordinate or dependent clauses. Dependent clauses can be further classified as follows according to the work they do in a sentence.

How do we decide whether a clause is a noun clause, an adjective clause or an adverb clause? There is a simple rule – we can replace an adverb clause with an adverb, an adjective clause with an adjective and a noun clause with a noun.

Look at the following examples:

• But I don’t know the answer. (Noun)
  But I don’t know what they want. (Noun clause)
• He told us a funny story. (Adjective)
  He told us a story that was funny. (Adjective clause)
• They went away. (Adverb)
  They went when you were talking to your friend. (Adverb clause)

Now complete the following on your own :

1. But I don’t know ……………………………..
2. He told us ………………………………………
3. They went ………………………………………

8. Think before you use! Name some ‘ready to eat’ and ‘ready to cook’ food items available in the market. Discuss the following in groups.

Question 1.
Think before you use! Name some ‘ready to eat’ and ‘ready to cook’ food items available in the market. Discuss the following in groups.
(a) Discuss whether it is necessary to use such items and why they are sold.
(b) Discuss the possible adverse effects of such food items.
(Students may use the following points)
Food items: burger, pasta, pizza, hot-dog, soups, noodles, etc.
Answer:
(a) Points: not necessary to use-people use them for a matter of convenience – different tastes other than home food – office-going, working people’s need – young children’s craze, ready and easy to eat – many customers – good sell – good income for the manufacturers.
(b) Points: adverse effects: kidney failure, obesity, blood pressure, overweight, heart attack.

5. Activity: Live English: Packs, packets, pouches, wrappers

1. Activity: Live English : Packs, packets, pouches, wrappers

Question (a)
Given above is the picture of an imaginary food item’s packet. Let us see how to ‘read’ the matter on the packet as a vigilant consumer. Look at the wrapper and complete the sentences.
Answer:

1. The name of the food item is noodles.
2. It is made by Monnie Foods Corporation Ltd., Pune.
3. It is a Veg food item. (Veg/Non-veg)
4. 
5. The ingredients of noodles are wheat flour, vegetable oil, salt, carbonates.
6. The date of packing is 27/6/2017 and the expiry date is not given.
7. It should be consumed before 8 months from the date of manufacturing.

Question 1.
Try and obtain more information about the various symbols printed on the packet:
Answer:

2. Discuss the following with the help of given points:

Question 1.
Why the ‘recipe’ is given on the packet:
Answer:
Points: to prepare recipe fast in simple and enjoyable way/manner, proper additives, water, etc. to manage timing-preparing the food item in short time without confusion.

Question 2.
Why the packet tells us to visit the website of the company :
Answer:
Points: for complaining about the bad food product – to enquire about another food products of the company – to get more information about the food item in the packet.

Question 3.
What ideas are used to make the packet attractive :
Answer:
Points: well designed – illustrations for making recipe – separate tables for ingradients, Nutrition facts and recipe – beautiful attractive writing – clear instructions.

Question 4.
How you will verify whether something is good for you to eat:
Answer:
Points: after reading information on the packet especially about ingredients and nutrition facts taste after having the food item – from reliability and genuineness of the manufacturer – popularity.

Question (b)
Collect the outer coverings of fast food items. Discuss the following points in groups and then write your observations in your notebook.
Answer:

1. ngredients
2. Manufactured by
3. Net weight
4. Veg or Non-veg
5. Recipe
6. Nutrition facts
7. MRP
8. Mfg. date
9. Website
10. Other instructions, if any

Question (c)
Work in groups and prepare an attractive wrapper or packet for any product of your choice. Prepare an advertisement for your product.

Question (d)
You want to convince the customer to buy your product. Prepare a conversation between you and the customer about it.
Answer:
Convincing a customer about a product

• Myself: Welcome to our shop. How can I help you?
• Customer: I want some quality fast food. My daughter is craving for it since morning!
• Myself: No problem Sir. We have variety of food items in our shop. But I shall insist you to buy this ‘Mineral Noodles’.
• Customer: I haven’t heard about this.
• Myself: Don’t worry Sir. I won’t give you any ordinary product. It is new and has become a craze in the market.
• Customer: What is special about it?
• Myself: Yes, I tell you. It’s a purely vegetarian t food, rich with important ingredients, rarely found in other products.
• Customer: What about the taste?
• Myself : Quite yummy. Children are greedy for it.
• Customer: Are there any chemical additives?
• Myself: Not at all, every ingredient is natural, healthy and nutritious. No complaint this date! Its recipe is simple, easy and can be prepared in five minutes. This will be your best choice. You won’t repent, and see the price – less than any renowned products. You must buy it. Customer: I believe your words. Pack me three packets of ‘Mineral Noodles’.
• Myself: Here they are!
• Customer: Thank you.
• Myself: Welcome, Sir.

Question (e)
Your younger sister wants to eat something tasty. You are telling her the recipe of one such food item. Prepare a dialogue about
Answer:
An Instant Recipe
(My younger sister comes to my study room asking for something to eat, since Mom isn’t at home.)

• Sister: Dada! I am really hungry. Can you help me make something tasty? Mother isn’t at home.
• Myself: I am studying right now, sis! But I surely can tell you a recipe that will delight your taste buds as well as fill your stomach.
• Sister: Thank you, Dada. So what I need to do. What will be the ingredients?
• Myself: Nothing fancy! You need a salty, crispy biscuit packet and slices of cheese and tomato ketchup.
• Sister: Here are them all. Anything else.
• Myself: Nothing! Now take two biscuits and cut the slice of cheese according to the size of the biscuits.
• Sister: Like this, right?
• Myself: That’s good! Now place the cheese slice between two biscuits and dip in ketchup. Your tasty, crispy, tummy filling delight is ready.
• Sister: It is so simple! And that’s really delicious, Dada. I’ll make more of these and will arrange in this plate for me and you to enjoy. Thank you!
• Myself: It’s my pleasure!

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 3.4 Think Before You Speak! Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. Harsh words are like scattered bits of paper carried away by the wind because it is very difficult
to take them back.
2. The young man said that he had spoken very harsh and unkind words to his friend and he was deeply hurt.

Question 2.
Who said to whom?

1. “How can I make amends?”
2. “Go out into the street and collect the bits of | paper.”
3. “Write all the harsh things you said to him.”
4. “Learn to think before you speak in anger.”

Answer:

1. The young man said to his spiritual teacher.
2. The teacher said to the young man.
3. The teacher said to the young man.
4. The teacher said to the young man.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What does the narrator tell you about the two fences that you have to pass before speaking a word?
Answer:
The narrator tells us that if you have to speak even a single word, that word must pass through two fences (walls). The first one is of our two rows of the teeth and the second is of our two lips. Before a word can be spoken, it has to pass/ pierce through these two fences or walls. Therefore we must think carefully before we utter a word or speak something.

Question 2.
What were a wise man’s thoughts about our spoken word?
Answer:
The wise man thought that you are the slave of your spoken word. Once you have spoken a word you cannot get it back whatever you do. Therefore you must be careful about the word that you choose for speaking. Once the word has left your lips, you will not be able to get it back; you cannot take it back; you cannot change it or control it.

Question 3.
How did the spiritual teacher teach a lesson to the young man about his harsh and unkind words to his friend?
Answer:
The teacher gave the young man a sheet of paper and a pen and asked him to write down all the harsh, unkind words he had spoken to his friend. When he had written, the teacher asked him to tear up the sheet of paper into many small bits and throw them out of the window. As he did this he asked him to collect all the tiny bits of paper.

The young man tried his best but could not collect a single torn bit of paper because they were scattered far and wide. The teacher told the young man that the spoken words are like the bits of paper; they cannot be taken back and advised him to think before he spoke.

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Write from the passage the words related to our body parts :
Answer:
mouth, ears, teeth, lips

Question 2.
Write four words that have ‘un-’ as prefix:
Example: unspoken
Answer:
unaware, uncertain, uncommon, unclean

Question 3.
Match the following words in column ‘A’ with their antonyms in column ‘B’:

‘A’	‘B’
1. harsh	(a) easy
2. earlier	(b) narrow
3. difficult	(c) soft
4. wide	(d) later

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. harsh	(c) soft
2. earlier	(d) later
3. difficult	(a) easy
4. wide	(b) narrow

Question 4.
Write any four adverbs each with ‘-ly’ that express
(a) anger and
(b) loving nature in our talk:
Answer:
(a) anger: harshly, angrily, rudely, nastily
(b) loving nature: sweetly, nicely, affectionately, kindly

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

1. u _ ter
2. thi_k
3. mou _ h
4. s_ave

Answer:

1. utter
2. think
3. mouth
4. slave

Question 2.
Copy the following sentences correctly in your notebook:
Answer:
1. “I am afraid I’ve lost my friendship with him. How can I make amends?”
2. “Throw the bits out of this window,” the teacher told him.

Question 3.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. statesman, fence, nature, anger
2. stammer, scatter, spoken, statesman.
Answer:
1. anger, fence, nature, statesman.
2. scatter, spoken, stammer, statesman.

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. this is what happens with the spoken words the teacher said
2. now tear up this sheet of paper into as many as small bits as you can the wise teacher said
Answer:
1. “This is what happens with the spoken words,” the teacher said.
2. “Now tear up this sheet of paper into as many as small bits as you can,” the wise teacher said.

Question 5.
Write four small words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the given word.
‘mythological’.
Answer:

1. myth
2. log
3. logic
4. toil.

Question 6.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences:
1. The ears is like funnels, open all the time.
2. Therefore, learn to thought before you speak in anger.
Answer:
1. The ears are like funnels, open all the time.
2. Therefore, learn to think before you speak in anger.

Question 7.
Write related words as shown in the example:(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 8.
Complete the following word-chain of adjectives. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:
difficult → …………… → …………….. → …………….. → …………………
Answer:
difficult → talkative → energetic constant → tanned.

Question 9.
Make a meaningful sentence by using the following phrase in your own sentence.
“to be afraid of”.
Answer:
Nowadays children are not afraid of ghosts and stories of ghosts.

Question 10.
Use prefix to or suffix to make new words and use any of the roots words in your own sentence :
1. correct
2. complete
Answer:
1. incorrect
2. incomplete.
Sentence: There was a complete silence in the class.

Question 11.
Make the following sentence bigger by adding a clause:
My village is a beautiful place ………………….
Answer:
My village is a beautiful place which is situated very close to the Konkan coast.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Was Disraeli trying to give a scientific reason? Was he only trying to give a message in lighthearted but effective way?
Answer:
Disraeli was not trying to give any scientific reason about man having two ears and one mouth. It was good for mankind. If man had two mouths and one ear he would have talked more and listened less and appearance of his face would have strangely changed. He wanted to give a lighthearted and playful message that man should talk less and listen more.

Question 2.
Write the biological reasons why man’s ears and mouth have developed the way they are now.
Answer:
Ears are sense organs that interpret sounds. Two ears will function better by capturing sounds from everywhere. Mouth is basically for feeding in all animals. It should be a single one. It then leads to food pipe to carry swallowed food inside the body. With a single mouth, feeding is easier. However, ears should be two to gather all sound signals.

Question 3.
What do you do when someone speaks to you angrily. Do you also speak angrily?
Answer:
When someone speaks to me angrily, I try to keep my calm because I know that angry words lead to quarrels and fights. Fire of anger always takes a bad turn and becomes worst. I at first try to pacify the person talking harshly to me or then keep quiet without speaking a word with him.

Read the passage on the textbook page no. 83 about Socrates’ wisdom and his three questions and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Who was Socrates?
Answer:
Socrates was one of the wisest men of the ancient world.

Question 2.
Who were influenced by his teachings?
Answer:
Many youths were influenced by his teachings.

Question 3.
What did he advise his disciples?
Answer:
He advised his disciples to keep their mouth shut and speak only when it is absolutely necessary.

Question 4.
Have you ever passed on an empty remark or vain statement that might hurt someone else? What can you do to avoid doing it again ?
Answer:
I was very proud of my fair colour. Once I, jokingly, passed some nasty remark on one of my friends, about his dark colour. He was greatly hurt and stopped talking with me; he started avoiding me and our friendship was lost.

I realised that I shouldn’t have passed such a vain remark. I have now decided to avoid passing such remarks. I can avoid speaking without thinking. I can stop jeering at others. I can change my attitude and speak sweetly and kindly to everyone.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 11 Work and Energy Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 11 Work and Energy

Class 6 Science Chapter 11 Work and Energy Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in each blank with the appropriate term from the brackets.

Question a.
A bucketful of water is to be drawn from a well ………. will be done when a ………… is applied to do this, because there will be an ……………. of water.
(displacement, workforce)
Answer:
work, force, displacement

Question b.
If a ball is dropped on the sloping roof of a house, it acquires ……………. and falls on the ground. That is transformation of ………… energy into ……….. energy takes place.
(kinetic, potential, motion)
Answer:
motion, kinetic, potential

Question c.
You might have seen some beautiful fireworks during Diwali. It is an example of transformation of ……….. energy into ………………. energy.
(light, atom, chemical, solar)
Answer:
chemical, light

Question d.
The solar cooker is an application of the ………… energy of the sun, while solar cells, solar lamps are applications of the ………….. energy of the sun.
(light, chemical, heat)
Answer:
heat, light

Question e.
One labourer carried four pans of road metal through a distance of 100 metres. If he carries two pans of road metal through a 200 metre distance …………. work will be done.
(equal, more, less)
Answer:
equal

Question f.
The capacity that an object has for doing work is called ………… .
(energy, displacement, force)
Answer:
energy

2. Match the pairs.

Question a.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Rolling object	a. Heat energy
2. Food	b. Atomic energy
3. Stretched bow	c. Kinetic energy
4. Sunlight	d. Potential energy
5. Uranium	e. Chemical energy

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Rolling object	c. Kinetic energy
2. Food	e. Chemical energy
3. Stretched bow	d. Potential energy
4. Sunlight	a. Heat energy
5. Uranium	b. Atomic energy

3. Can you tell?

Question a.
When can we say that displacement has taken place?
Answer:
When the position of an object changes, we say that the object is displaced.

Question b.
What are the various forms of energy?
Answer:
Various forms of energy are: mechanical energy, heat energy, light energy, sound energy, chemical energy and electrical energy.

Question c.
Describe the natural chain of transformation of energy.
Answer:

1. In the course of water cycle, water evaporates due to the heat of the sun.
2. This water vapour forms clouds that give rain.
3. Rainwater flows into rivers and is stored in reservoirs or dams.
4. This stored water at a height has potential energy.
5. As the water falls down, this is transformed into kinetic energy.
6. When the water falls on the turbine, its kinetic energy is transferred to turbine.
7. The turbine rotates producing electrical energy.

Question d.
What should be taken into account for measuring work?
Answer:
For measuring work both force and displacement must be taken into account.

Question e.
Why should we save energy?
Answer:
Due to increasing population and increasing use of energy resources, there is a danger that limited reserves of coal, petrol, etc. will get exhausted. Hence, we should save energy for future generation.

Question f.
What is ‘green energy’?
Answer:
The energy resources which do not produce smoke and carbon gases such as carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide are called ‘green energy resources’. Energy from them is called green energy.

Question g.
What are the non-conventional energy resources?
Answer:
The resources that:

1. have not been used traditionally.
2. are inexhaustible and continuous.
3. That can be used in various forms again and again are called non-conventional energy resources.
4. e.g.: solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, hydal power.

Question h.
Which forms of energy from the sun is used in solar energy devices?
Answer:

1. Heat energy from the sun is used in solar cookers, solar water heaters, solar driers.
2. Light energy from the sun is used in solar cells, solar panels.
3. Solar electric plants have the capacity to produce electricity on large scale.

Question i.
Why should we maximize the use of non- ntional energy sources?
Answer:

1. Due to increase in population there is increasing use of conventional sources like petrol, coal, etc. Their reserves are limited and they may get exhausted.
2. Hence, it will be better to use non- conventional sources of energy to save conventional resources for future.

4. Who is the odd-one-out?

Class 6 Science Chapter 11 Work And Energy Question 1.
Diesel, crude oil, natural gas, wind.
Answer:
wind

Work And Energy Class 6 Maharashtra Board Question 2.
A running car, hauling a log, a book kept on a table, picking up the school bag.
Answer:
A book kept on table.

Work And Energy Class 6 Question 3.
Sunlight, wind, wave, petrol.
Answer:
Petrol.

11 Work And Energy Class 6 Question 4.
Leaving the fan on in a vacant room, leaving the TV on while working, using A.C during winter, putting off the light when going out.
Answer:
putting off the light when going out.

5. Find out the types of energy from the following puzzle.

Question a.
Find out the types of energy from the following puzzle.

Answer:
Potential, Kinetic, Solar, Wind, Sound, Light, Heat

Activity:

Work And Energy Exercise Class 6 Question 1.
How can you save energy at home and in school? Discuss this with your friends and list all such measures. Put them into practice.

Work And Energy Class 6 Questions Answers Question 2.
Find out about energy saving devices available in the market.

Class 6 Science Chapter 11 Work and Energy Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

Work And Energy Class 6 Exercise Question 1.
Falling water possesses ………………… energy.
(potential, kinetic, chemical)
Answer:
kinetic

Work And Energy Class 6 Questions And Answers Question 2.
Heat is measured in unit called ……………….. .
(kilometres, kilogram, calorie)
Answer:
calorie

Class 6 Science Chapter 11 Question 3.
Plant stores the food in the form of ……………….. energy.
(mechanical, light, chemical)
Answer:
chemical

11. Work And Energy Class 6 Question 4.
We should use ……………….. energy resources with care.
(conventional, non-conventional, both)
Answer:
conventional

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Solar energy	a. Waves
2. Tidal energy	b. Home cooking
3. Natural gas	c. Car
4. Petrol	d. Solar water heater

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Solar energy	d. Solar water heater
2. Tidal energy	a. Waves
3. Natural gas	b. Home cooking
4. Petrol	c. Car

Can you tell?

6th Science Work And Energy Question 1.
Water in dams or reservoirs shows potential energy.
Answer:
Rainwater flows into river and is stored in reservoirs on dams. These are at height and therefore, their water has potential energy.

Class 6 Science Chapter 11 Question Answer Question 2.
The sun is the most important source of all energy.
Answer:
All forms of energy are utilizing indirectly solar energy in all transformation of energy. Therefore, the sun is the most important source of all energy.

Question 3.
What is tidal energy?
Answer:
A wall is constructed at a narrow region of a creek. Due to waves generated by high and low tides, the turbine of the generator fitted in the wall starts rotating and electricity is generated.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Why do you get hungry after physical exercise?
Answer:

1. When we do physical exercise we use the energy stored in the body.
2. To replenish this energy, we have to eat. Hence we feel hungry.

Question 2.
From where does our body get energy.
Answer:
Our body gets energy from the food we eat.

Question 3.
Why do we get tired?
Answer:
When we do any work, we use the energy. If this energy level becomes very low, then we feel tired.

Question 4.
What is the unit of work and energy?
Answer:
The unit of work and energy in SI (System International) is ‘Joule’.

Question 5.
If no displacement occurs on applying a force, what does it indicate?
Answer:
If no displacement occurs, then no work is said to be performed.

Can you tell?

Question 1.
In the game of marbles, from where does one marble get energy to set another marble in motion?
Answer:
When we apply physical force to the fast marble, it gains some force and when it strikes the second marble, energy in the form of force is transferred to the second marble and this force sets the second marble in motion.

Question 2.
While playing carrom from where does the striker gets the energy to make the pieces move?
Answer:
When we strike the striker, the force exerted by our muscles is transferred to the striker. When the striker strikes the coin, this energy is transferred to the coin which may help to pocket the coin.

Question 3.
What will happen as result of the action in the picture?

Question i.
The rubber band is released after streaching it.
Answer:
It comes back to its orriginal position.

Question ii.
A stone is held in the rubber of a catapult, the rubber is stretched and released.
Answer:
Stone gets thrown to a distance and rubber band cones back to its original position.

Let’s try this.

Question 1.
If we hold a convex lens over a sheet of paper in sunlight such that there is tiny spot of light on the paper for a while. What happens? Why?
Answer:

1. If a convex lens is held over a paper in sunlight such that there is a tiny spot of light on the paper for a while the paper bums.
2. This is due to the heat energy of the sun concentrated at a point due to the convex lens.

Question 2.
How does a picture appear on the screen of a TV?
Answer:
When a TV is switched on, the electrical energy is converted into light and sound energy. Hence, a picture appears on TV.

Question 3.
In which form is energy stored in plant food?
Answer:
Energy stored in plant food is in the form of chemical energy.

Question 4.
How is energy obtained from cooking gas?
Answer:
Energy obtained from cooking gas is heat energy which is obtained by conversion of chemical energy.

Question 5.
Why is Energy not visible to us?
Answer:
Energy is the capacity to do work. Energy is converted from one form to another in the form of work being done. Hence it is not visible to us.

How are we different from each other?

Question 1.
Potential energy and Kinetic energy
Answer:

Potential energy	Kinetic energy
1. Energy stored in an object due to its position is called potential energy.	1. Energy possessed by a body due to its motion is called kinetic energy.
2. No work is performed.	2. Work is performed.

Question 2.
Work and energy
Answer:

Work	Energy
1. When an object is displaced by applying force on it, work is said to be done.	1. Energy is the capacity to do work.
2. Work is done as a result of using energy.	2. Energy is the cause for work to be done.

Question 3.
Conventional and Non-conventional energy sources
Answer:

Conventional source of energy	Non-Conventional source of energy
1. Man has been using these energy resources for centuries.	1. These resources have not been used traditionally.

Classify as directed:

Question 1.
Into kinetic and potential energy
Waterfalls, water in a reservoir, a stretched spring, a boy running in a race.
Answer:

• Potential – water in a reservoir, a stretched spring.
• Kinetic – waterfalls, a boy running in a race.

Question 2.
Into conventional and non-conventional energy sources.
Tidal energy, diesel, cooking gas, coal, hydropower, solar energy.
Answer:

• Conventional energy sources – diesel, cooking gas, coal.
• Non-conventional energy sources – tidal energy, hydropower, solar energy.

Question 3.
Into different forms of energy

1. rubber band is released
2. cooking food
3. switching on fan
4. a battery
5. radio
6. TV

Answer:

1. Mechanical energy
2. Heat energy
3. Mechanical energy, electrical energy
4. Chemical energy
5. Sound energy
6. Light and sound energy

Define:

Question 1.
Work
Answer:
When an object is displaced by applying a force on it, work is said to be done.

Question 2.
Energy
Answer:
Energy is the capacity to do work.

Question 3.
Chemical energy
Answer:
The energy obtained through chemical action is called chemical energy.

Question 4.
Potential energy
Answer:
The energy which is stored in an object due to a specific state or position of that object is called potential energy.

Question 5.
Kinetic energy
Answer:
The energy obtained by the virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy.

Question 6.
Solar energy
Answer:
The enormous and continuous energy obtained from the sun is called solar energy. Solar energy is at the root of all energy available on earth.

Question 7.
Conventional energy resources: (non-renewable energy sources)
Answer:
The energy sources which man has been using for centuries and that cannot be replenished are called conventional energy sources.

Question 8.
Renewable energy sources: (non – conventional energy sources)
Answer:
The resources that have not been used traditionally and that are inexhaustible, continuous and can be used in various forms again and again are called renewable energy sources.

Explain – why?

Question 1.
Energy is not visible to us.
Answer:
There is energy in every substance in the universe. It is present in non-living as well as living things. But still we can only feel the energy when some work is done, e.g. When wind blows, we can feel the coolness in air. When we switch on the light in a dark room, we can see things due to light energy.

Question 2.
Save energy, (use alternative energy sources)
Answer:

1. Due to increasing population, there is increasing usage of energy resources.
2. There is a danger that limited reserves of conventional resources like diesel, crude oil, may get exhausted.
3. We should save energy so that future availability is ensured.
4. It will be better to use alternative and supplementary energy sources.

Question 3.
Methods of saving energy.
Answer:

1. Saving energy is as good as generating energy.
2. There are several ways of saving energy such as putting off lamps when not needed.
3. Making maximum use of sunlight.
4. Saving energy and energy resources is absolutely necessary. Otherwise, we will have to face the serious calamity like global warming.

Question 4.
State the energy conversions in following cases.

1. Solar water heater
2. Solar cell
3. Fission of uranium, thorium
4. Switch on mixer
5. Switch on lamp
6. Switch on TV
7. Switch on radio
8. Ram plays tabla
9. Ravi plays shehnai
10. You switch on the torch
11. Your mother lights the gas stove to cook
12. Dinesh is bursting crackers during Diwali

Answer:

1. Solar energy to heat energy
2. Solar energy to electrical energy
3. Atomic energy to heat energy and then to electrical energy
4. Electrical energy to mechanical energy
5. Electrical energy to light energy
6. Electrical energy to light energy and sound energy
7. Electrical energy to sound energy,
8. Mechanical energy to sound energy
9. Wind energy to sound energy
10. Chemical energy to light energy
11. Chemical energy to heat energy
12. Chemical energy to heat, light and sound energy

Observe the figure below and answer the question given.

Question i.
In the above activity, which are the different forces acting on the box?
Answer:
In the above activity, muscular force, frictional force and gravitational force act on the box.

Question ii.
Is displacement possible without force?
Answer:
No, force has to be applied in order to displace the box.

Question iii.
If force is applied to both the boxes is same, which box will be displaced more?
Answer:
If force applied to both the boxes is same, then empty box will be displaced more than box with books.

Question iv.
If me e books are added to box, and same force is applied, will the displacement be more or less?
Answer:
If the same force is applied for a heavier load then the displacement will be less.

Question v.a.
If a force is applied with both the hands on a wall, will there be a displacement?
Answer:
Whatever be the amount of force applied, the wall will not be displaced.

Question b.
If no displacement occurs on applying as force, what does it indicate?
Answer:
If no displacement occurs, then no work is said to be performed.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 1.3 ‘Hope’ is the Thing with Feathers Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 1.3 ‘Hope’ is the Thing with Feathers

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Chapter 1.3 ‘Hope’ is the Thing with Feathers Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

• Do you ever feel nervous?
• Do you ever feel really depressed?
• What makes you nervous or depressed?
• What do you hope for on these occasions?
• Have you hoped for something that you knew was difficult?
• What do you have to do to fulfil ‘your opes?

The Only Ray of Hope

1. Divide the class into groups of 4-6. Each group selects for itself, one of the difficult situations listed below. They imagine themselves to be in that situation and carry on with the rest of the activity.
(a) A group of passengers are marooned on an island in the middle of the ocean
(b) A group of pilgrims travelling on foot have lost their way in a thick jungle.
(c) A team of players from an office have got down at the wrong place on a highway at night. It is a lonely spot.
Answer:
Situation: (a)
(a) A group of passengers are marooned on an island in the middle of the ocean

Question 1.
Describe your surroundings in 4-5 sentences:
Answer:
We are trapped on a small island in the middle of the ocean. It is a desolate, uninhabited island. We are all alone on this island. There are thick forests around us and frightening pythons and other poisonous snakes are slithering around us. Nothing can be seen except the thick forests, marshy land and vast waters of the ocean.

Question 2.
Write the reactions of your companions using exclamations :
Answer:

1. “What a horrifying experience!”
2. “Look, oh God! Our ship has left the shore without us on this desolate island!”
3. “What shall we do now?”
4. “How can we escape from this dangerous situation!”
5. “Nothing on earth would save us !”

Question 3.
Using your imagination, write what is the only ray of hope for you.
Answer:
Let us hope that the people on our ship find us missing and return back to this island or some other ship, helicopter or a plane notices our movements and save us from this horrible situation that would be our only ray of hope.

Question 4.
Two members of your group are going out to try to get help. They can take any five things with them. Write what they choose, and why they choose it.
Answer:
They will take a piece of white cloth to show their presence on the island to ships, helicopters, planes, etc. They will take mobile phones for contact, food packs, a water bottle, a matchbox and a stick for protection.

English Workshop:

1. Match the following 

Question 1.
Match the following

‘A’	‘B’
1. Hope	(a) difficulties and problems
2. Gale/storm	(b) toughest times in life
3. keep warm	(c) a very small bit
4. chillest land	(d) a nest in the tree
5. a crumb	(e)   provide comfort
	(f)   Bird

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. Hope	(f)   Bird
2. Gale/storm	(b) toughest times in life
3. keep warm	(e)   provide comfort
4. chillest land	(a) difficulties and problems
5. a crumb	(c) a very small bit

2. Use the proper form of the verb in each line:

‘Hope’ is the thing with feathers –

Question a.
That (perch) in the soul
Answer:
That perches in the soul

Question b.
And (sing) the tune without the words
Answer:
And sings the tune without the words

Question c.
And never (stop) at all
Answer:
And never stops at all

3. Read the examples and fill in the blanks in the same pattern.

Question 1.
Read the examples and fill in the blanks in the same pattern.
Answer:
(a) Examples of degrees: sweet – sweeter – sweetest

1. fast – faster – fastest
2. slow – slower – slowest
3. high – higher – highest
4. low – lower – lowest
5. great – greater – greatest
6. bright – brighter – brightest
7. warm – warmer – warmest
8. cold – colder – coldest

(b) Examples: strange – stranger – strangest

1. brave – braver – bravest
2. fine – finer – finest
3. simple – simpler – simplest
4. large – larger – largest
5. close – closer – closest
6. wise – wiser – wisest

(c) Examples: pretty – prettier – prettiest
(Note the changes in the last letter.)

1. nasty – nastier – nastiest
2. hungry – hungrier – hungriest
3. angry – angrier – angriest
4. naughty – naughtier – naughtiest

4. Find the phrases/lines in the poem that mean the following :

Question 1.
(a) Hope is a light, delicate thing: …………………………
(b) Hope offers comfort to your soul: …………………….
(c) Hope is not a wordy thought, it is more like a feeling, an emotion: ………………….
(d) In the most difficult times, hope offers the greatest comfort: …………………………
(e) Hope is not easily defeated: …………………..
(f) Hope has given comfort to many people: ………………….
(g) Hope lives on in very hard times, even when it gets nothing from you: ……………….
Answer:
(a) Hope is a light, delicate: Hope is the thing with thing feathers.
(b) Hope offers comfort to that perches in the your soul soul and sings.
(c) Hope is not wordy: And sings the tune thought, it is more like a without words. feeling, an emotion
(d) In the most difficult: Second stanza – And times, hope offers the sweetest… so many greatest comfort warm
(e) Hope is not easily defeated: And never stops at all
(f) Hope has given comfort: That kept so many to many people warm
(g) Hope lives on in very hard: Yet – never – in times, even when it gets extremity, It asked a nothing from you. crumb – of me.

5. We can relate many of our feelings and experiences to events or things in nature. Which of our feelings or experiences can we relate to the following?

Question 1.
We can relate many of our feelings and experiences to events or things in nature. Which of our feelings or experiences can we relate to the following?
Answer:

1. darkness: evil sign
2. a storm: difficulties
3. sunrise: beginning, progress, growth
4. a light shower: pleasure
5. sunshine: happiness
6. earthquake: a sudden violent damage
7. a rainbow: unexpected joy
8. dawn: the beginning of something
9. dark clouds: sad or difficult situation
10. dusk (evening): almost the end of something
11. a peacock: pleasant feeling
12. flood: a lot of difficulties, damages

6. Write in a few lines, about an experience of your own where you scored in your exams much more than you hoped for. What did that experience teach you?

Question 1.
Write in a few lines, about an experience of your own where you scored in your exams much more than you hoped for. What did that experience teach you?
Answer:
I could get much more marks in exams than I hoped for and I was on the cloud nine. Really very happy! Everyone admired me for my effort. It was a great experience. It taught me that if you hope for something heartily and work accordingly, you can achieve anything according to your hope and expectation. Hoping is achieving!

Language study:

7. This poem is an example of personification. When we refer to inanimate objects, ideas, emotions as living things, it is an example of personification. Here, ‘hope’ is portrayed as a little bird. Describe it in your own words. Find other examples of personification.

Question 1.
Describe it in your own words.
Answer:
‘Hope’ in this poem is described as a bird sitting in our soul. Here ‘Hope’ is a non-living thing, but it is described as a living thing, bird. Hope is represented here as a living thing. So it is the example of personification.

Question 2.
Find other examples of personification.
Answer:
Some examples of personification

1. The grass was dancing with the wind. Here dancing is the quality/action of a person. Grass is personified as a person.
2. Trees were shivering with fear when they saw the woodcutter. Trees are given the human quality of ‘shivering with fear’
3. The moon was laughing in the sky. Here the moon is given the human quality of laughing.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 1.3 ‘Hope’ is the Thing with Feathers Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the following lines from the poem :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. The hope-bird is sitting in the soul.
2. Singing of the bird never stops.
3. Its song is the sweetest at the time of storm.
4. The poetess has heard the bird’s song in most difficult circumstances.

Appreciation of Poem:

1. Title: ‘Hope is the thing with feathers -’
2. Poet: The poetess of the poem is Emily Dickinson.
3. Theme/Central Idea: The central idea of the poem is the role played by hope in our lives. According to the poetess, hope – the little bird that nests in our soul – keeps us going even in the most difficult of times and demands nothing in return.
4. Rhyme Scheme: The rhyme scheme of the first 2 stanzas is ‘abab’ whereas in the 3rd stanza it is ‘abbb’.
5. Figure of Speech: ‘Personification’.
6. Special Features: This poem is full of implied meanings. It tells you the importance of hope and helps you to survive in any difficult days or occasions.
7. Favourite Lines: My favourite lines from the poem are :

• “And Sweetest – in the Gale – is heard
• Yet – never – in Extremity, It asked a crumb – of me.

8. Why I like the poem: I like the poem for its positive message. According to the poet, hope is not easily defeated. It sustains us. Hope also encourages us to move forward. This message, I think, is very important for a young person.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 6 Animal Classification Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 6 Animal Classification

Question 1.
a. I am diploblastic and acoelomate. Which phylum do I belong to ?
Answer:
I am from phylum Cnidaria or Coelenterata.

b. My body is radially symmetrical. Water vascular system is present in my body. I am referred as fish though I am not. What is my name?
Answer:
Starfish. I am from Echinodermata phylum.

c. I live in your small intestine. Pseudocoelom is present in my thread like body. In which phylum will you include me?
Answer:
I am Ascaris. I am included in Aschelminthes.

d. Though I am multicellular, there are no tissues in my body. What is the name of my phylum?
Answer:
Sponge, Porifera.

Question 2.
Write the characters of each of the following animals with the help of classification chart:
a. Bath sponge.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Sub-kingdom: Non-chordata
Phylum: Porifera
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Cellular grade organization.
• Asymmetrical body
• Acoelomate

Bath sponge is a marine animal. Blackish in colour and round in shape having porous body. It has spongin fibres and spicules which serve as skeleton. Bath sponges have good water-holding capacity. It is sedentary animal which is fixed to some substratum in the aquatic environment. Reproduction is by budding. It also has a good regeneration capacity.

b. Grasshopper.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Sub-kingdom: Non-chordata
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Organ-system grade organization
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Triploblastic and Eucoelomate.

Grasshopper is an insect included under class insecta of phylum arthropoda because it has jointed appendages. There are three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings. It is a terrestrial insect which is well adapted to the surrounding environment by showing camouflage. It has chitinous exoskeleton. The respiration by tracheae.

c. Rohu.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Pisces
Subclass: Teleostei (Bony fish)
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Organ-system grade organization
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Triploblastic and Eucoelomate.

Rohu is a fresh water bony fish. It is a chordate having a vertebral column, hence included under subphylum vertebrata. The body is well adapted for aquatic mode of life. The shape of the body is streamlined. The exoskeleton is of scales. The gills Eire present which are used for respiration. The endoskeleton is of bones, hence called bony fish. There are paired fins and a impaired caudal fin which is used in steering and changing the direction during swimming.

d. Penguin.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Organ-system grade organization
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Triploblastic and Eucoelomate.

Penguin is a flightless bird inhabitant of cold snow-clad regions. It has exoskeleton of feathers. The body is well adapted to survive in cold regions.

It is a warm-blooded bird. The forelimbs are modified into wings. But due. to excessive body weight, the penguins are not seen flying. It can wade in the water with modified hind limbs.

e. Frog.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Organ-system grade organization
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Triploblastic and Eucoelomate.

The frog is a true amphibian that can live in water as well as on land. When on land it respires with the help of lungs while in water it uses its skin for breathing. It does not have exoskeleton. The skin is soft, slimy and moist. It is suitably coloured and hence the frog can camouflage in the surroundings. Body is divisible into head and trunk. Two pairs of limbs are seen. The forelimbs are short and used for support during locomotion. The hind limbs are long and strong, used for jumping when on land and for swimming when in water.

The eyes are large and protruding. Since the neck is absent, such eyes help in looking around. The tympanum is present.

f. Lizard.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Organ-system grade organization
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Triploblastic and Eucoelomate.

The lizard is a cold-blooded reptile. The limbs are weak and do not support the body weight, hence lizard is seen creeping. But the feet are provided with pads and suckers due to which lizards are well- adapted to climb on the vertical walls. The exoskeleton has fine scales. The body is divisible into head, neck and trunk. The capacity to regenerate is developed in lizards, hence it can produce the lost tail or limbs. The mode of reproduction is egg laying. It feeds on insects with the help of long and sticky tongue.

g. Elephant.
f. Lizard.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Organ-system grade organization
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Triploblastic and Eucoelomate.

Elephant is the terrestrial, herbivorous mammal adapted to survive in hot and humid tropical forests.
It is a mammal and hence shows viviparity and milk secretion. The body is divisible into head, neck, trunk, and tail. The proboscis is a characteristic feature of the elephant which is actually modified nose.

h. Jellyfish.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Sub-kingdom: Non-chordata
Phylum: Cnidaria or Coelenterata
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Tissue grade organization
• Radially symmetrical
• Diploplastic and Acoelomate

Jellyfish or Aurelia is a coelenterate. Its body is medusa. It appears as a transparent balloon seen floating in the marine waters. Since it has appearance like a jelly, it is known commonly as jellyfish. There are tentacles provided with cnidoblasts or stinging cells. Tentacles are used for catching the prey. Cnidoblasts are used to secrete a toxin which paralyses the prey.

Question 3.
Write in brief about progressive changes in animal classification.
Answer:
There were different methods of classification of animals.

1. The first classification method was given by the Greek philosopher Aristotle. He took into account the criteria like body size, habits and habitats of the animals. This method was called artificial method of classification.
2. The same artificial method was used by other scientists such as Theophrastus, Pliny, John Ray, Linnaeus, etc.
3. Further due to advances in science the references were changed and there were some new methods of classification proposed.
4. The system of classification called ‘Natural system of classification’ was then proposed. This system of classification was based on criteria such as body organization, types of cells, chromosomes, bio-chemical properties, etc.
5. Later, Dobzhansky and Meyer gave the system of classification based on evolution.
6. In 1977, Carl Woese has also proposed the three domain system of animal classification.

Question 4.
What is the exact difference between grades of organization and symmetry? Explain with examples.
Answer:
I. Grades of organization:
(1) The grades of organization mean the way an organism has different body formation.
(2) Unicellular organisms like amoeba have a single cell in the body and hence the organization in its body is called protoplasmic grade of organization.
(3) Some organisms have only cells in their body which is called cellular grade of organization, e.g. Poriferans.
(4) Some have tissues e.g. Coelenterates. They are said to have tissue grade organization. Some have organs, they are said to have organization-organ grade, e.g. Platyhelminthes. All other higher animals have organ-system grade organization.

II. Symmetry:
(1) Symmetry on the other hand shows the base of the body formation.
(2) The symmetry can be understood by taking an imaginary cut through the animal body.
(3) Based on the symmetry there can be three types.
(4) In asymmetric animals, there is no symmetry in any plane, e.g. Amoeba.
(5) The bilateral symmetry is the one in which an imaginary axis can pass through only one median plane to divide the body into two equal halves. Most of the animals have bilateral symmetry and hence their organs are arranged in symmetric way on both the sides.
(6) The imaginary cut passing through the central axis but any plane of body aan -give more than one equal half. The organs of such animals are arranged in a radius of an imaginary circle, e.g. Cnidarians and some echinoderms.
Both grades of organization and symmetry are the bases for classifying animals into different phyla.

Question 5.
Answer in brief.
a. Give scientific classification of shark upto class.
Answer:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Pisces
Subclass: Elasmobranchii (Cartilaginous)
Example: Scientific name: Scoliodon sorrakowah.
Common name: Shark

b. Write four distinguishing characters of phylum – Echinodermata.
Answer:
Distinguishing characters of Echinodermata:

1. Marine organisms with skeleton made up of calcareous spines. Calcareous material on the body hence the name is Echiodermata. Some are sedentary while some are free swimming.
2. Body is triploblastic, eucoelomate and radially symmetrical when adult. The larvae are bilateral symmetrical.
3. Locomotion with the help of tube-feet which are also used for capturing the prey.
4. Echinoderms have regeneration capability. Hence they can restore their lost parts.
5. Most of them are unisexual.
6. Examples; Starfish, sea-urchin, brittle star, sea cucumber, etc.

c. Distinguish between butterfly and bat with the help of four distinguish properties.
Answer:
Butterfly:

1. Butterfly is classified as Non-chordate.
2. It is included in class Insecta of phylum Arthropoda.
3. Butterfly has three pairs of legs and two pairs of chitinous wings.
4. Butterfly is a diurnal (active during day) insect.
5. Butterfly lays eggs which hatch into larva. Larva develops into pupa and pupa metamorphoses into an adult.

Bat:

1. Bat is classified as a Chordate.
2. It is included in class Mammalia of subphylum Vertebrata.
3. Bat has one pair of legs and a pair of patagium which are used for flying. Patagium has bones.
4. Bat is a nocturnal (active at night) mammal.
5. Bat is a viviparous animal that gives birth to live young ones. Young ones are fed by milk secreted by mammary glands.

d. To which phylum does Cockroach belong? Justify your answer with scientific reasons.
Answer:
(1) Cockroach belongs to the phylum Arthropoda and class Insecta.
(2) Scientific reasons for placement of Cockroach in the phylum Arthropoda:

• The body is covered by chitinous exoskeleton.
• Jointed appendages present, three pairs of walking legs and two pairs of membranous wings.
• Body is eucoelomate, triploblastic, bilaterally segmented and segmented.
• Respiration by spiracles and tracheal tubes.

Question 6.
Give scientific reasons.
a. Though tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it cannot be included in class-Amphibia.
Answer:

• When tortoise lives on the land, it respires with the help of lungs.
• When in water, it puts out its nares (nasal openings) out of the water and breathes air.
• It cannot take up oxygen dissolved in water. In both the habitats it respires with the help of lungs. In case of true amphibians, this is not the case.
• They can breathe in water with the help of skin and on land with the help of lungs.
• Tortoise also has exo-skeleton which is lacking in Amphibia. Therefore, tortoise cannot be included in class Amphibia.

b. Our body irritates if it comes in contact with jellyfish.
Answer:

• Jellyfish is a coelenterate that has cnidoblasts bearing tentacles.
• These cnidoblasts inject toxins to paralyse the prey at the time of feeding.
• When jellyfish comes in contact with our body, this toxin is released causing reaction to our skin.
• Therefore, our body gets irritation when we come in contact with jellyfish.

c. All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
Answer:

• All chordates possess notochord in some period of their development.
• All vertebrates also have notochord during embryonic life, which is later replaced by vertebral column.
• Therefore all vertebrates are chordates.
• But some chrodate’s like Urochordata and cephalochordata do not possess vertebral column and hence they are not vertebrates.

d. Balanoglossus is connecting link between non-chordates and chordates.
Answer:

• Balanoglossus shows some characters of non-chordates.
• It also has notochord as in case of chordates.
• Since it shares the characters of non-chordates and chordates, from the view point of evolution, it is called connecting link between them.

e. Body temperature of reptiles is not constant. (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)
Answer:

1. Reptiles are cold-blooded animals.
2. The thermoregulatory system is not there in their bodies.
3. Their body temperatures, fluctuate as per the environmental temperatures.
4. Therefore, the body temperature is not maintained at constant level in reptiles.

Question 7.
Answer the following questions by choosing correct option.
a. Which special cells are present in the body of sponges (Porifera)?
1. Collar cells
2. Cnidoblasts
3. Germ cells
4. Ectodermal cells
Answer:
1. Collar cells
Explanation: Porifera animals are attached to the substratum. They do not show locomotion. For gathering and catching the food, they need to produce a current in the water. For this purpose, they have characteristic collar cells in their body. Germ cells and ectodermal cells are seen in all other phyla. Cnidoblasts are characteristic feature of coelenterates.

b. Which of the following animals’ body shows bilateral symmetry?
1. Starfish
2. Jellyfish
3. Earthworm
4. Sponge
Answer:
3. Earthworm
Explanation: When an imaginary plane passing through only one axis can divide the body into two equal halves, then it is called bilateral symmetry. Such symmetry is shown only by earthworm. Sponge body is asymmetrical while starfish and jellyfish are radially symmetrical.

c. Which of the following animals can regenerate it’s broken body part?
1. Cockroach
2. Frog
3. Sparrow
4. Starfish
Answer:
4. Starfish
Explanation: Cockroach, sparrow and frog cannot perform regeneration. Only echinoderms show power of regeneration. So only starfish can regenerate its broken part.

d. Bat is included in which class?
1. Amphibia
2. Reptilia
3. Aves
4. Mammalia
Answer:
4. Mammalia
Explanation: Bat gives birth to young ones and they also possess mammary glands. Amphibia, Reptilia and Aves do not show such features. Therefore, bat is included in Mammalia.

Question 8.

Body cavity	Germ Layer	Phylum
Absent	_____________	Porifera
Absent	Triploblastic	_____________
Pseudocoelom	_____________	Aschelminthes
Present	_____________	Arthropoda

Answer:

Body cavity	Germ Layer	Phylum
Absent	Diploblastic	Porifera
Absent	Triploblastic	Platyhelminthes
Pseudocoelom	Triploblastic	Aschelminthes
Present	Triploblastic	Arthropoda

Question 9.

Type	Character	Examples
Cyclostomata	……………	……………
……………	Gill respiration	……………
Amphibia	……………	……………
……………	……………	Whale, Cat, Man
……………	Poikilotherms	……………

Answer:

Type	Character	Examples
Cyclostomata	Jawless mouth with suckers	Petromyzon, Myxine
Pisces	Gill respiration	Pomfret, Sea horse, Shark
Amphibia	Moist skin without exoskeleton	Frog, Toad, Salamander
Mammalia	Mammary glands	Whale, Cat, Man
Reptilia	Poikilotherms	Tortoise, Lizard, Snake

Question 10.
Sketch, labell and classify.
1. Hydra.
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Coelenterata
Example: Hydra

2. Jellyfish
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Coelenterata
Example: Jellyfish

3. Planaria
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Example: Planaria

4. Roundworm
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-Chordata
Phylum: Aschelminthes
Example: Ascaris (Roundworm)

5. Butterfly
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Arthopoda
Class: Insecta
Example: Butterfly

6. Earthworm
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Annelida
Example: Earthworm

7. Octopus
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Mollusca
Example: Octopus

8. star fish
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Echinodermata
Example: Star fish

9. Shark
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Pisces
Example: Scoliodon (Shark)

10. Frog
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Amphibia
Example: Frog

11. Wall Lizard
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Reptilia
Example: Wall Lizard

12. Pigeon.
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub-Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Aves
Example: Pigeon

Question 11.

Answer:
(1) Jellyfish
(2) Nereis
(3) Flatworm/Planaria
(4) Bony fish.

Project: (Do it your self)

1. In each week, on a specific day of your convenience, observe the animals present around your school and residence. Perform this activity for six months. Keep date-wise record of your observations. After the observation period of six months, analyse your observations with respect to seasons. With the help of your teacher, classify the reported animals.

Can you recall? (Text Book Page No. 61)

Question 1.
Which criteria are used for classification of organisms?
Answer:
The living organisms are classified according to their basic characteristics, such as presence or absence of nucleus, unicellular body or multicellular body, presence or absence of cell wall and the mode of nutrition in them.

Question 2.
How are the plants classified?
Answer:
The plants are classified according to the following basis:

1. Presence or absence of the organs.
2. Presence or absence of separate

Use your brain power: (Text Book Page No. 74)

(A) Animals like gharial and crocodile live in water as well as on land. Are they amphibians or reptiles?
Answer:
Ghariyal and crocodile are reptiles. They can swim in water and crawl on land. But they can respire only with the help of lungs. Their breathing is through nostrils. Even when in water, they have to inhale and exhale by coming up to the surface of water for air. Amphibians can breathe through the skin when in water and by lungs when on land. They also have hard exoskeleton which amphibians do not have. Hence, ghariyal and crocodile are not amphibians, but they are reptiles.

(B) Animals like whale, walrus live in water (ocean). Are they included in Pisces or Mammalia?
Answer:
Whale and walrus are aquatic and marine mammals. They do not belong to class Pisces. They do not have gills to breathe in dissolved oxygen in water. Neither they have scales on the body nor can they lay eggs. Whales and walrus have mammary glands like all other mammals. They give birth to live young one. They breathe only with the help of lungs by putting their nostrils out of the water at surface. Hence they are included in Mammalia.

Choose the correct alternative and write its alphabet against the sub-question number:

Question 1.
System of classification based on evolution was brought into practice by ……….. and …………
(a) Darwin, Mendel
(b) Lamarck, De Vries
(c) Morgan, Mayor
(d) Dobzansky, Meyer
Answer:
(d) Dobzansky, Meyer

Question 2.
Artificial method of animal classification was proposed by ………….
(a) Aristotle
(b) Darwin
(c) Lamarck
(d) Whittaker
Answer:
(a) Aristotle

Question 3.
Animals attached to substratum are called ……….. animals.
(a) sessile
(b) sedentary
(c) lame
(d) motionless
Answer:
(b) sedentary

Question 4.
In coelenterates, ………… are useful for capturing the prey whereas ………. inject the toxin in the body of prey.
(a) tentacles, cnidoblast
(b) hands, legs
(c) flagella, sting
(d) cilia, sting cells
Answer:
(a) tentacles, cnidoblast

Question 5.
Body of annelidan animals is long, cylindrical and …………. segmented.
(a) annular
(b) metamerically
(c) jointed
(d) cuticular
Answer:
(b) metamerically

Question 6.
…………. is second largest phylum in animal kingdom.
(a) Mollusca
(b) Arthropoda
(c) Porifera
(d) Platyhelminthes
Answer:
(a) Mollusca

Question 7.
Endoskeleton of Cyclostomata animals is …………..
(a) bony
(b) bony and cartilaginous
(c) cartilaginous
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) cartilaginous

Question 8.
Body cavity between the body and internal organs is called ………….
(a) gastrocoel
(b) enteron
(c) coelom
(d) cave
Answer:
(c) coelom

Question 9.
Larvae of ……….. metamorphose into adults after settling down at bottom of the sea.
(a) Hemichdrdata
(b) Urochordata
(c) Cephalochordata
(d) Cyclostomata
Answer:
(b) Urochordata

Question 10.
The body organization of unicellular organisms is of …………. grade.
(a) cellular
(b) tissue
(c) protoplasmic
(d) organ
Answer:
(c) protoplasmic

Question 11.
………….. is a cold blooded animal. (March 2019)
(a) Bat
(b) Snake
(c) Rabbit
(d) Elephant
Answer:
(b) Snake

Question 12.
Calcareous spines are present on the body of ………… animal. (July 2019)
(a) fish
(b) snail
(c) sponge
(d) starfish
Answer:
(d) starfish

Question 13.
Due to which similar characteristic honey bee and cockroach are included in the same phylum?
(a) Wings
(b) Three pair of legs
(c) Jointed appendages
(d) Antenna
Answer:
(c) Jointed appendages

Write whether the following statements are true or false with proper explanation:

Question 1.
Greek philosopher Linnaeus was the first to perform the animal classification.
Answer:
False. (Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to perform the animal classification.)

Question 2.
Heart if present in the non-chordates is on dorsal side of body.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
Arthropoda animals bear numerous pores on their body.
Answer:
False. (Porifera animals bear numerous pores on their body.)

Question 4.
Porifera animals have special type of collar cells.
Answer:
True.

Question 5.
Aschelminthes have acoelomate and bilaterally symmetrical body.
Answer:
False. (Platyhelminthes have acoelomate and bilaterally symmetrical body. OR Aschelminthes have pseudocoelomate and bilaterally symmetrical body.

Question 6.
Planet Earth has highest number of animals from phylum Arthropoda.
Answer:
True.

Question 7.
Animals belonging to phylum Annelida perform locomotion with the help of tube-feet.
Answer:
False. (Animals belonging to phylum Echinodermata perform locomotion with the help of tube-feet.)

Question 8.
Herdmania has notochord in only tail region and hence it is called Urochordate.
Answer:
True.

Question 9.
Mammals breathe with the help of lungs.
Answer:
True.

Question 10.
Amphibians are warm blooded.
Answer:
False. (Amphibians are cold-blooded. OR Mammals are warm blooded.)

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Phylum	Characteristics
(1) Mollusca	(a) Collar cells
(2) Hemichordata	(b) Mantle
	(c) Trunk
	(d) Cnidoblasts

Answer:
(1) Mollusca – Mantle
(2) Hemichordata – Trunk.

Question 2.

Phylum	Characteristics
(1) Porifera	(a) Tunic
(2) Coelenterata	(b) Collar cells
	(c) Tentacles bearing cnidoblasts
	(d) Mantle

Answer:
(1) Porifera – Collar cells
(2) Coelenterata – Tentacles bearing cnidoblasts.

Question 3.

Subphylum/Class	Characteristics
(1) Cyclostomata	(a) Collar cells
(2) Urochordat	(b) Sucker
	(c) Tunic
	(d) Chitinous exoskeleton

Answer:
(1) Cyclostomata – Sucker
(2) Urochordata – Tunic.

Find the odd one out:

Question 1.
Physalia, Hyalonema, Ruplectella, Spongilla
Answer:
Physalia. (Physalia belongs to Coelenterata, all the remaining are poriferans.)

Question 2.
Planaria, Liverfluke, Filarial worm, Tapeworm
Answer:
Filarial worm. (Filarial worm is Aschelminthes remaining are Platyhelminthes.)

Question 3.
Star fish, Sea-urchin, Nereis, Sea-cucumber
Answer:
Nereis. (Nereis belongs to Annelida all the remaining are Echinoderm animals.)

Question 4.
Cockroach, Butterfly, Spider, Honey bee
Answer:
Spider. (Spider is eight-legged Arachnid, remaining are insects.)

Question 5.
Amphioxus, Herdmania, Doliolum,Oikopleura
Answer:
Amphioxus. (Amphioxus is Cepholochordate all the remaining are Urochordates.)

Question 6.
Frog, Tortoise, Toad, Salamander
Answer:
Tortoise. (Tortoise is a reptile, the remaining are amphibians.)

Question 7.
Tube feet, Setae, Parapodia, Sucker
Answer:
Tube feet. (Tube feet are locomotory organs of Echinoderms, the remaining are locomotory organs of Annelids.)

Question 8.
Shark, Sting ray, Electric ray, Pomfret
Answer:
Pomfret. (Pomfret is a bony fish, all the remaining are cartilaginous fish.)

Find the correlation:

Question 1.
Annelida : Earthworm : : Platyhelminthes : …………
Answer:
Annelida : Earthworm : : Platyhelminthes : Planaria/Liverfluke

Question 2.
Horse : Mammal : : Seahorse : ………….
Answer:
Horse : Mammal : : Seahorse : Pisces

Question 3.
Parapodia : Annelida : : Tube feet : ………..
Answer:
Parapodia : Annelida : : Tube feet : Echinodermata

Question 4.
Frog : Amphibia : : Turtle : …………..
Answer:
Frog : Amphibia : : Turtle : Reptilia

Question 5.
Proboscis : Hemichordata : : Suctorial mouth : …………
Answer:
Proboscis : Hemichordata : : Suctorial mouth : Cyclostomata

Question 6.
Bird from very cold regions : Penguin : : Aquatic Mammal from very cold regions : ………..
Answer:
Bird from very cold regions : Penguin : : Aquatic Mammal from very cold regions : Whale.

Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Non-chordates and Chordates.
Answer:
Non-chordates

1. Non-chordates are less evolved animals and are on the lower levels of evolution.
2. Non-chordates do not have notochord.
3. In non-chordates, there are no pharyngeal gill slits.
4. Nerve cord, if present is double and solid.
5. Nerve cord is located on the ventral side of the body.
6. Heart if present is on the dorsal side of the body.

Chordates:

1. Chordates are more evolved animals and are on the higher levels of evolution.
2. Chordates have notochord at least in some stage of development.
3. In chordates, there are pharyngeal gill slits.
4. Nerve cord is single and hollow.
5. Nerve cord is located on the dorsal side of the body.
6. Heart if present is on the ventral side of the body.

Question 2.
Phylum Platyhelminthes and Phylum Aschelminthes. OR Write any two points of differences between flat worms and round worms.
Answer:
Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flat worms):

1. Platyhelminth worms have slender and flat leaf or strip like body hence called flat worms.
2. Platyhelminthes are triploblastic and acoelomate.
3. Most of them are hermaphrodite or bisexual having both male and female reproductive systems in the same body.
4. Examples: Planaria, Liver fluke, Tapeworm, etc.

Phylum Aschelminthes (Round worms):

1. Aschelminthes have long thread-like or Cylindrical body, hence called round worms.
2. Aschelminthes are triploblastic and pseudocoelomate.
3. They are unisexual with male and female sexes separate. There is sexual dimorphism.
4. Examples: Ascaris (Intestinal worm), Filarial worm, Loa loa (Eye worm), etc.

Question 3.
Urochordata and Cephalochordata.
Answer:
Urochordata:

1. Urochordates have notochord in the tail region of the adult body.
2. These animals look like small sacs.
3. Usually urochordates are hermaphrodites.
4. Body of urochordate is covered over by skin-like test or tunic.
5. Examples: Herdmania, Doliolum, Oikopleura, etc.

Cephalochordata:

1. Cephalochrodates have notochord in the entire length of the body.
2. These animals look like small fish.
3. Cephalochordates are unisexual.
4. Body of cephalochordate is not covered in a test.
5. Example: Amphioxus.

Question 4.
Cyclostomata and Pisces.
Answer:
Cyclostomata:

1. Cyclostomata are the poorly evolved first class of vertebrate animals.
2. Cyclostomata have circular jawless mouth with suckers.
3. Paired appendages are absent in cyclostomates.
4. Cyclostomes have soft skin which is without any scales.
5. Endoskeleton is cartilaginous.
6. Examples: Petromyzon, Myxine, etc.

Pisces:

1. Pisces are the better evolved class of vertebrates which is well adapted for aquatic living.
2. Pisces have mouth with upper and lower jaws. Teeth are present in the mouth.
3. Paired and unpaired fins present in all kinds of fishes.
4. Fishes have different types of scales on the body.
5. Endoskeleton may be cartilaginous, or it may be bony.
6. Examples: Shark (Scoliodoh), rays which are cartilaginous fishes and pomfret, makerel, sardines, rohu which are bony fishes.

Question 5.
Amphibia and Reptilia.
Answer:
Amphibia:

1. Amphibians can inhabit both land and water. They can survive on both environments by breathing there.
2. The exoskeleton is absent in amphibians. The skin is soft, slimy and moist.
3. Body is divided into head and trunk. Neck is absent.
4. The digits do not have claws.
5. The respiration is by skin when in water and by lungs when on land. The larvae breathe by gills.
6. There is external fertilization at the time of sexual reproduction.
7. The developmental stages are eggs and tadpole. Metamorphosis is seen in amphibians.
8. Examples : Frog, Toad, Salamander, etc.

Reptilia:

1. Reptilians are terrestrial animals. Though turtle and sea snakes can stay in water, they cannot breathe in water.
2. The exoskeleton in the form of scales. Some animals have plates or scutes (e.g. tortoise and crocodile).
3. Body is divided into head, neck and trunk.
4. The digits have claws.
5. The respiration is only by lungs.
6. There is internal fertilization at the time of sexual reproduction.
7. The developmental stages are eggs and juvenile. Metamorphosis is not seen in reptiles.
8. Examples : Tortoise, Lizard, Snake, etc.

Question 6.
Aves and Mammalia.
Answer:
Aves:

1. Aves are totally adapted for the aerial mode of life.
2. Body is spindle shaped. Body is divisible into head, neck and trunk. There are two pairs of limbs. The forelimbs are modified to form wings for flight.
3. Digits have scales and claws.
4. The exoskeleton is in the form of feathers.
5. Jaws are modified into a beak.
6. Birds are oviparous. The eggs hatch into nestlings.
7. The incubation of eggs and feeding of nestlings is done by both parents.
8. Examples: Crow, Sparrow, Peacock, Parrot, Pigeon, Duck, Penguin, etc.

Mammalia:

1. Mammals are adapted for terrestrial life.
2. Body is not spindle shaped. It is divisible into head, neck, trunk and tail. There are two pairs of limbs. They are adapted for walking or running on the ground.
3. Digits have nails or hoofs. Few have claws.
4. The exoskeleton is in the form of fur, hair, wool, etc.
5. Jaws have teeth and they surround the mouth.
6. Mammals are viviparous. They give birth to live young ones. (Exception: Platypus)
7. Parental care is shown only by mother, who feeds, the babies with milk from mammary glands.
8. Examples: Cat, Dog, Tiger, Lion, Elephant, Human, Kangaroo, Dolphin, Bat, etc.

Classification-based questions:

Question 1.
Identify me:
(1) I am metamerically segmented, blood sucking, ectoparasite. I have suckers. Who am I and to what phylum do I belong to? (OR) Who am I? (July 2019)
I have suckers. I am blood sucking.
Answer:
Leech, Phylum Annelida.

(2) I have chitinous exoskeleton, I have four pairs of walking appendages. I can sting you. Who am I? What phylum do I belong to?
Answer:
Scorpion. Phylum Arthropoda.

Question 2.
Characters of a phylum are given below. Read them carefully and answer the questions:
(a) Spines of calcium carbonate are present on the body, (b) These animals are exclusively marine, (c) They perform the locomotion with the help of tube feet, (d) Their skeleton is made up of calcareous plates or spicules.
(i) Animals of which phylum show the above character?
Answer:
Animals belonging to phylum Echinodermata show the above characters.

(ii) Give an example from that phylum.
Answer:
Starfish, brittlestar, sea urchin.

(iii) These animals can be classified with the help of which criteria of new system of animals classification.
Answer:
Animals are classified on the basis of criteria such as body organization, body symmetry, body cavity, etc.

Question 3.
Identify my class/phylum and give one example of it: (March 2019)
(a) I have mammary glands and exoskeleton in the form of hair.
(b) We form the highest number of animals on the planet. We have bilateral symmetry and our exoskeleton is in the form of chitin.
(c) I live in your small intestine, my body is long and thread like and pseudocoelomate.
Answer:
(a) Class: Mammalia, Example: Cat, Dog, Man.
(b) Phylum: Arthropoda, Example: Prawn, Crab.
(c) Phylum: Aschelminthes, Example: Ascaris or round worm, Filarial worm.

Question 4.
Tell me who am I? What is my class/ phylum?
1. My body is divided into proboscis, collar and trunk. I am marine animal.
Answer:
Balanoglossus; Phylum: Hemichordata.

2. I stay inside two shells. My body is divided into head, foot and visceral mass.
Answer:
Bivalve or Oyster; Phylum: Mollusca.

3. I am male as well as female. I am endoparasite having a coelomate and bilaterally symmetrical and flattened body.
Answer:
Liver fluke or tape worm; Phylum: Platyhelminthes.

4. I am sedentary marine animal drinking water all the time through numerous pores on the body.
Answer:
Sponge; Phylum: Porifera.

5. I am venomous, eight legged creature having chitinous exoskeleton.
Answer:
Scorpion; Phylum: Arthropoda.

6. My body is covered by tunic. As a larva I swim but as an adult I settle down.
Answer:
Doliolum or Salpa; Phylum: Chordata subphylum : Urochordata.

Question 5.
Identify the class of given animals and write one characteristic of each animal:
(1) Kangaroq (2) Penguin (3) Crocodile (4) Frog (5) Sea-horse. (July 2019)
Answer:
(1) Kangaroo: Class Mammalia. It is a marsupial animal with pouch for development of offspring. Long hind limbs for jumping.
(2) Penguin: Class Aves. It is flightless bird. Body covered with thick feathery coat. Oviparous mode.
(3) Crocodile: Class Reptilia. It is a large animal seen near water bodies. Can swim in water but cannot respire in water. Body covered with exoskeleton of scaly plates. Limbs very weak in comparison with huge bodies.
(4) Frog: Class Amphibia. Shows aquatic as well as terrestrial mode. Can breathe with lungs and skin. No exoskeleton and skin is slimy.
(5) Sea-horse: Class Pisces. Bony fish. Highly modified body structure showing brood pouch for development of offspring gills for respiration, fins for swimming.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
State any four benefits of animal classification. (March 2019)
Answer:

1. Studying the different animals becomes easy when they are placed under different groups.
2. When few representative animals of the particular group are studied then the idea about other animals belonging to that group also becomes clear.
3. The animal evolution becomes easier to follow after studying classification.
4. The identification of animals can be done accurately.
5. Relationship of the different animals with each other and with other groups can be understood clearly.
6. Habitat of each animal and its role in nature is understood by classification.
7. Various adaptations are understood by learning classification.

Question 2.
Into which phyla is Non-chordata divided? In which three subphyla are Chordates divided?
Answer:
I. The phyla of Non-chordata:

• Protozoa
• Porifera
• Coelenterata or Cnidaria
• Platyhelminthes
• Aschelminthes
• Annelida
• Arthropoda
• Mollusca
• Echinodermata
• Hemichordata

II. The subphyla of Chordata:

• Urochordata
• Cephalochordata
• Vertebrata

Question 3.
Write the characteristics of chordates.
Answer:
Characteristics of Chordates:

1. All chordates possess notochord and pharyngeal gill slits in at least during some developmental stage.
2. Presence of single, tubular and dorsally located spinal cord and ventrally located heart.

Question 4.
Write the characteristics of vertebrates.
Answer:
Characteristics of vertebrates:

• In vertebrates, notochord is replaced by vertebral column.
• Development of head is complete.
• Well-developed cranium which protects the brain.
• Presence of endoskeleton which is either cartilaginous or bony.
• Presence of jaws as in Gnathostomata or absence of jaws as in Agantha.

Write short notes on:

Question 1.
(1) Benefits of classification.
Answer:

• Studying the different animals becomes easy when they are placed under different groups.
• When few representative animals of the particular group are studied then the idea about other animals belonging to that group also becomes clear.
• The animal evolution becomes easier to follow after studying classification.
• The identification of animals can be done accurately.
• Relationship of the different animals with each other and with other groups can be understood clearly.
• Habitat of each animal and its role in nature is understood by classification.
• Various adaptations are understood by learning classification.

Question 2.
Germinal layers.
Answer:

• During the initial embryonic period of any multicellular animal there is formation of germinal layers or germ layer.
• These germ layers give rise to new tissues in the developing animal.
• The primitive animals were diploblastic i.e. they have only two germ layers called ectoderm and endoderm.
• The higher animals are triploblastic, having three germ layers; ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
• Cnidarians are diploblastic while all other animals are triploblastic.

Question 3.
Coelom.
Answer:

• Coelom means body cavity. It is situated between the body wall and the internal organs of the body.
• The coelom is formed during early embryonic life in case of multicellular animals. It is formed from either mesoderm or gut.
• Coelom when present in the body, those animals are called eucoelomate. Phylum Annelida onwards are eucoelomate animals. They are animals with true body cavity.
• Those animals in which coelom are absent are called acoelomate animals. Porifera, Cnidaria and Platyhelminthes are acoelomate animals.
• When coelom is not formed from mesoderm or gut, but formed from other tissues, it is called pseudocoelom. Only Aschelminthes animals have such coelom and hence they are called pseudocoelomate.

Question 4.
Notochord.
Answer:

• Notochord is an important feature of Chordates.
• Notochord is supporting rod like structure.
• This structure is present on the dorsal side of the animals.
• It keeps the nervous tissue separated from the rest of the tissues.
• In Hemichordates, the notochord is present in the proboscis.
• In Urochordates, the notochord is present in the tail region of the free swimming larvae.
• In Cephalochordates, the notochord lies throughout the length of the body.
• In vertebrates, notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.

Complete the paragraph by choosing the appropriate words given in the brackets:

Question 1.
(Linnaeus, Dobzhansky, Carl Woese, Theophrastus, Artificial method, Aristotle, Natural system, Traditional system)
Time to time, different scientists have tried to classify the animals. Greek philosopher ………… was the first to perform the animal classification. Aristotle classified the animals, according to the criteria like body size, habits and habitats. Classification proposed by Aristotle is known as ………… Besides Aristotle, artificial method of classification was followed by ……….., Pliny, John Ray and ……….. Later on,’………… of classification’ was followed. Natural system of classification was based on various other criteria. By the time, system of classification based on evolution was also brought into practice. It was used by …………. and Meyer. Recently, ……….. has also proposed the animal classification.
Answer:
Time to time, different scientists have tried to classify the animals. Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to perform the animal classification. Aristotle classified the animals, according to the criteria like body size, habits and habitats. Classification proposed by Aristotle is known as ‘Artificial method’. Besides Aristotle, artificial method of classification was followed by Theophrastus, Pliny, John Ray and Linnaeus. Later on, ‘Natural system of classification’ was followed. Natural system of classification was based on various other criteria. By the time, system of classification based on evolution was also brought into practice. It was used by Dobzansky and Meyer. Recently, Carl Woese has also proposed the animal classification.

Question 2.
(neck, lungs, skin, exoskeleton, amphibian, metamorphose, aquatic, gills)
Class Amphibia consist of animals which are strictly ……….. only during their larval stages. At that time they breathe through their …………. Tadpoles are such stages which later ………… to form adult frog. Adult frog respires with the help of ………… when in water and with when on land. Thus, it is a true …………. For performing cutaneous respiration, i.e. respiration through skin, they lack ………. in any form. The skin is also kept moist by staying near the water bodies. Amphibians do not have a ………… but eyes are bulging and prominent, this solves the problems of vision.
Answer:
Class Amphibia consist of animals which are strictly aquatic only during their larval stages. At that time they breathe through their gills. Tadpoles are such stages which later metamorphose to form adult frog. Adult frog respires with the help of skin when in water and with lungs when on land. Thus, it is a true amphibian. For performing cutaneous respiration, i.e. respiration through skin, they lack exoskeleton in any form. The skin is also kept moist by staying near the water bodies. Amphibians do not have a neck but eyes are bulging and prominent, this solves the problems of vision.

Paragraph based questions:

1. Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below:
Locomotion is considered as an important j characteristics of the animals. However, animals belonging to Porifera are said to be sedentary. Every 1 other phylum has typical locomotory organs. E.g. Nereis crawls with the help of parapodia, whereas earthworm buries in soil by setae. Spiders have four pairs of walking legs, crab has five while all insects have three pairs of walking legs. The walking legs are also called appendages. Starfish moves with the help of tube feet. Snails and bivalves use muscular foot for locomotion. Birds flying with their spread out wings and fish swimming with their fins, both have spindle-shaped body tapering at both the ends. While flying or swimming such body offers least resistance during locomotion. Mammals have two pairs of limbs while animals like snakes are limbless. Other animals belonging to the class of snakes also have very weak limbs which make them creep on the ground.

Questions and Answers:

Question 1.
What are the locomotory organs in phylum Annelida?
Answer:
Annelidans have parapodia and setae as the locomotory organs.

Question 2.
Which phylum has a characteristic of jointed appendages?
Answer:
Phylum Arthropoda has a characteristic of jointed appendages.

Question 3.
Which the locomotory organ of animals belong to Phylum Mollusca?
Answer:
Animals belonging to Phylum Mollusca have strong muscular foot which is used for locomotion.

Question 4.
Which class of animals show weak legs?
Answer:
Class Reptilia belonging to subphylum vertebrata show weak legs.

Question 5.
In which class of animals the forelimbs are modified?
Answer:
Class Aves belonging to subphylum vertebrata have wings which are modified forelimbs.

Diagram based questions:

Question 1.
Sketch, label and classify the following organisms:
1. Liverfluke.
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Example: Liverfluke

2. Leench.
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Annelida
Example: Leech

3. Cockroach:
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Arthopoda
Class: Insecta
Example: Cockroach

Question 2.
Identify the animal given in the figure and label the figure:
1.

Answer:
Balanoglossus

2.

Answer:
Herdmania.

3.

Answer:
Amphioxus

4.

Answer:
Petromyzon.

5.

Answer:
bat

Question 3.
Identify the class of the animal shown in the figure and write any two characteristics.
Answer:
(1) The animal shown in the figure is bat.
(2) It belongs to class Mammalia of Subphylum Vertebrata. Phylum Chordata.
(3) Characteristics:
(i) Body is divided into head, neck, torso and tail. Patagium present for the flying mode. Nocturnal in habit. It is warm blooded.
(ii) Gives birth to live young ones. Mammary glands present for nourishing young ones.

Question 4.
Observe the figure and answer the following questions.

(a) To which phylum these organisms belong?
(b) Name the substance with which their body is covered.
(c) Name their organs of locomotion.
Answer:
(a) The starfish and the sea urchin shown in the figure belong to phylum Echinodermata.
(b) The body of echinoderm animal is covered with calcareous spines or ossicles/plates.
This is the substance covering the body is mostly calcium salts and compounds.
(c) Their locomotory organs are tube feet.

Question 5.
Observe the figures given below and answer the given questions: (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)

(a) In which phylum are these animals included?
(b) Which substance forms the outer layer of their exoskeleton?
(c) What are their locomotory organs?
Answer:
(a) These animals are included in phylum Arthropoda.
(b) The outer layer of their exoskeleton is covered by chitinous substance.
(c) Their locomotory organs are jointed paired appendages.

Question 6.
Identify the phylum of the given animal and write any two characteristics of this phylum. (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)
Answer:

This animal is Sycon sponge and its phylum in Porifera.
Characteristics of phylum Porifera
(a) Asymmetrical body.
(b) Many pores on body. Large osculum and smaller ostia.

Question 7.
(a) Identify the animal given here.
(b) Write the phylum to which it belongs.
(c) Identify the pointed parts; p, q, r and s.

Answer:
(a) The given animal is Octopus.
(b) It belongs to the phylum Mollusca.
(c) p = eye, q = sucker, s = siphon and r = tentacle.

Complete the following charts:

Question 1.
Complete the chart by taking into consideration the criteria for classification: (Text Book Page No. 61)

Answer:

Question 2.
Complete the following flow-chart.

Answer:
(A) Eukaryotes
(B) Monera.

Activity based questions:

Question 1.
Observe: (Text Book Page No. 65)
(1) Body organization of human has been shown in the following figure. Use appropriate labels for different organs present in human body.

Answer:
There are different organs in the human body. The liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, etc. related to the digestive system and a pair of kidney concerned with excretion is present in the abdominal cavity. The cranial cavity shows brain and sense organs. In the thoracic cavity there are lungs and heart. In addition to these organs, there are network of blood capillaries, nerve network, etc. which is spread from head to toes.

Question 2.
Why is earthworm called as friend of farmers? (Get Information: Text Book Page No. 69)
Answer:
Earthworms move through the soil in the farms and fields. They feed on the detritus in the soil. They also help in decomposition of the organic matter. When the soil is loosened due to their activities, the roots of the crops grow well. They enrich the soil by their excreta which act as fertilizers. All these facts make earthworm, a farmer’s friend.

Question 3.
In what way the leech is used in ayurvedic system of treatment? (Get Information: Text Book Page No. 69)
Answer:
Leeches are blood sucking ectoparasite. In Ayurveda leech is used to remove impure blood and blood clots. Such blood is sucked up by leeches and then the patient gets some relief. In the leech body there is. a substance called hirudine which prevent blood clotting as it sucks up the blood. This hirudine is also used for medicinal purpose.

Question 4.
What is chitin? (Find out: Text Book Page No. 70)
Answer:
Chitin is a type of polysaccharide. Its chemical formula is (C8H13O5N)n. It is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, which is actually a derivative of glucose. It is a primary component of cell walls in fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as crustaceans and insects. In many medicines chitin is used. The industrial processes and the biotechnological experiments also use chitin.

Question 5.
Let’s Think: (Text Book Page No. 70)
(i) What types of benefit and harm occur to human from animals of phylum-Arthropoda?
Answer:
Some insects are very useful for us. We get many products from them. e.g. Honey bee, Lac insect, Silk worm, are the insects that provide us with honey and wax, lac and silk respectively. The culture experiments are done on these insects for large scale production of these substances. Butterflies help in the pollination of crops and are thus helpful for the farmers and gardeners. Lady bug beetle is an insect which acts as a natural pest control as it attacks the other harmful insect pests.

In biological pest control methods it is widely used. Some insects, on the contrary are very harmful. Mosquito, bed bugs, lice are blood sucking parasites which can spread the diseases. Mosquito is a vector for dengue, filariasis and malaria. Some are biting insects that can cause wounds, some cause allergies of various kinds. The grains and crops are destroyed to great extent by the insects. In this way the insects belonging to the phylum Arthropods are harmful to health, wealth and peace of mind too.

(ii) Which are the animals from phylum Arthropoda those have shortest and longest life span?
Answer:
The shortest life span: May fly – About 24 hours. The longest life span : Lobster (Homarus americanus) – About 100 years.

(iii) Why has it been said that only insects directly compete with humans for food?
Answer:
The standing crop in the fields can be totally ruined by insects. The locust can damage the crops when they attack in thousands at a time. The grains are also infested by variety of insects like ants, weevils, beetles, etc. Therefore, we can say that only insects compete with humans for food.

Project: (Do it your self)

Project 1.
How does the infection of tapeworm in man, liver fluke in grazing animals like goat and sheep occur and what are their preventive measures? (Collect the Information, Internet is my friend: Textbook page no. 69)

Project 2.
How does the infection of round worms like Ascaris, filarial worm and plant nematodes occur and what are their preventive measures and treatment? (Collect the Information, Internet is my friend: Textbook page no. 69)

Project 3.
Books are my friend: Collect the information about pearl production from bivalves by reading appropriate books. (Textbook page no. 70)

Project 4.
Book are my friends: The Animal Kingdom: Libbie Hyman and some other similar books.
(Textbook page no. 75)

Project 5.
Use of Information Technology: (Textbook page no. 75)
Prepare the presentation of animal classification using video clips downloaded from internet.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 2.1 Comparisons Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.1 Comparisons

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Chapter 2.1 Comparisons Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

• What is your favourite colour?
• What does it remind you of?
• Are you afraid of the dark?
• What does it make you think of?
• If you were asked to design a big garden, what will you include in it?

Expanding Word Webs:

Question 1.
Form pairs. List the names of as many vehicles as you can. Choose any two of them, but they must be of different types. Then draw a word web for each of them to show their appearance, qualities and the things that these features remind you of. You may use words as well as phrases in the web.

Answer:
Words that can be used in Word-web:

1. terrific
2. brand-new
3. sleek
4. tiny/huge
5. powerful
6. affordable
7. expensive
8. easy-to-drive
9. eco-friendly
10. luxurious – arrows.
11. fuel-efficient
12. automatic
13. lefthand drive
14. fastest
15. imported

Name of the vehicles:

1. bicycle
2. bullock-cart
3. car
4. bus
5. truck
6. motorcycle
7. scooter
8. boat
9. ship
10. train
11. helicopter
12. aeroplane.

Choose any two of above vehicles and write related

Question 2.
Note the difference between drive and ride. Use the two words correctly in your own sentences :
Answer:

1. Ride – to sit on and be carried by an animal or a two wheeler.
   Sentence – I don’t like to ride on a camel.
2. Drive – to sit in a vehicle and force to go in some directions.
   Sentence – My father drives the car with full speed.

Question 3.
Describe your dream vehicle in a few lines :
Answer:
Flying car is my dream vehicle. It will fly in the air. It will fly fast and save our time. There will be no traffic jam problem. No need to construct roads for it. It will save fuel and will be eco-friendly.

English Workshop:

1. List all the adjectives in the poem. Use the comparative forms of at least 8 of them to write new comparisons. Two of them have been given as examples.

Question 1.
List all the adjectives in the poem. Use the comparative forms of at least 8 of them to write new comparisons. Two of them have been given as examples.
Answer:

1. as rapid as spaceship
2. as tough as snail
3. as dangerous as dinosaur
4. as brave as tiger
5. as nice as lamb
6. as yellow as lemon
7. as delicious as jam
8. as hot as desert
9. as deep as sea
10. as fine as house
11. as green as pea
12. as dark as cave
13. as crunchy as toast
14. as heavy as road drill
15. as fearful as ghost

2. List all the nouns in the poem. Find a suitable adjective – other than the ones given here – for each of the nouns and write meaningful similes for at least 8 of them.
For example, as yellow as a lemon.

Question 1.
List all the nouns in the poem. Find a suitable adjective – other than the ones given here – for each of the nouns and write meaningful similes for at least 8 of them.
For example, as yellow as a lemon.
Answer:

1. as useful as ore
2. as lovely as a kitten
3. as stable as a rock
4. as warm as a mitten
5. as narrow as tunnel
6. as cute as an elf
7. as tricky as a mountain path
8. as safe as shelf

3. Form groups of 6-8. Think of similes using different objects, for example,
Dry as land, Wet as a puddle.
Now try to put together the similes to make a poem with rhyming lines.

Question 1.
Form groups of 6-8. Think of similes using different objects, for example,
Dry as land, Wet as a puddle.
Now try to put together the similes to make a poem with rhyming lines.

4. Write the pairs of rhyming words.

Question 1.
Write the pairs of rhyming words.
Answer:

1. kitten – mitten
2. moon – noon
3. elf – shelf
4. shelf – yourself.
5. snail – nail
6. lamb – jam
7. sea – pea
8. toast – ghost.

5. Start a collection of idioms with comparisons. Use the following categories:

Question 1.
Start a collection of idioms with comparisons. Use the following categories:
Answer:
(a) idioms with colours:

1. as black as coal
2. as white as snow
3. as red as blood
4. as blue as the sky
5. as green as an emerald
6. as pink as a rose
7. as yellow as gold
8. as orange as a pumpkin
9. as brown as a coffee bean

(b) Idioms with animals:

1. as cunning as a fox
2. as brave as a lion
3. as hairy as a gorilla
4. as hungry as a horse

(c) Idioms with objects:

1. as black as coal
2. as soft as butter
3. as light as cotton

6. Given below are some idiomatic comparisons with ‘like’. Can you guess their meaning? Look them up in a good dictionary. You won’t find them under ‘like’.
Which words will you look up to find these comparisons?

• Like a bull in a china shop (Here, china means delicate articles of porcelain)
• Like a cat on a hot tin roof.
• Like a red rag to a bull.
• Like a cat that stole the cream.
• Like water off a duck’s back.
• Memory like a sieve.

Using your imagination write more comparisons using ‘like’.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 2.1 Comparisons Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following extract and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Read the extract and complete the following by choosing the correct alternative:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. While comparing a spaceship with a snail, the narrator used speed, as a common feature in both. (speed/weight)
2. Square and round are shapes, commonly used to compare, (shapes/objects)

Question 2.
Match the following:

‘A’	‘B’
1. big	(a) toast
2. fierce	(b) desert
3. dry	(c) cave
4. warm	(d)  dinosaur
	(e)  tiger

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. big	(d)  dinosaur
2. fierce	(e)  tiger
3. dry	(b) desert
4. warm	(a) toast

Question 3.
Answer in 1-2 words:
Answer:

1. How is a mountain path? – crooked
2. What is the world full of? – opposites
3. What is hard and what is soft? – a rock, a mitten
4. What is commonly compared in a giant and an elf? – height

Question 4.
Match the following :

‘A’	‘B’
1. dark	(a) elf
2. hard	(b) ox
3. strong	(c) cool
4. short	(d) rock
	(e) tunnel

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. dark	(e) tunnel
2. hard	(d) rock
3. strong	(b) ox
4. short	(a) elf

Complex Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. According to the poet a spaceship is fast whereas a snail is slow.
2. The poet says a road drill is noisy and a ghost is quiet.

Appreciation of Poem:

1. Title: The title of the poem is ‘Comparisons’.
2. Poet: The poem is by an anonymous (= unknown) poet.

3. Theme/Central Idea: The central idea of the poem is given in the last but one line of the poem. The poem celebrates the diversity in the universe. The poem also reminds us that all sorts of people and things are needed to make our world beautiful.

4. Rhyme Scheme: The rhyme Scheme of first six stanzas is ‘abcb’. The last stanza has six lines and its rhyme scheme is ‘abcbdb’.
5. Figure of Speech: Similes.

6. Special Features: The structural quality is a special feature of this poem. The quatrain stanzas and their ‘abcb’ rhyme scheme flows with the force of ballad. Here, in the conclusive two lines, the pace of the poem slows down and poet’s argument sinks deep down in our hearts.
7. Favourite line: The world is full of opposites, so think of some yourself.

8. Why I like the poem: I like this poem because it made me think for the first time the extreme diversity in the world around me. I think the poem helped me in looking at the world around me in a different light.

Vocabulary Focus:

Question 1.
Write adjectives/words used here, to show – shape, size, temperature:
Answer:

• shape – round, square
• size – big, small
• temperature – dry, wet.

Question 2.
List all the adjectives in the poem. Use the comparative forms to write new comparisons:
Answer:
1. (a) faster than the wind
(b) slower than a tortoise

2. (a) bigger than my brother
(b) smaller than my sister

3. (a) fiercer than a giant
(b) gentler than a butler

4. (a) cooler than ice
(b) warmer than a sweater

5. (a) sourer than tamarind
(b) sweeter than mango

6. (a) noisier than a machine
(b) quieter than a cave.

7. (a) stronger than a tiger
(b) weaker than a rabbit

8. (a) taller than a tree
(b) shorter than plant

9. (a) darker than night
(b) lighter than tubelight

10. (a) harder than a stone
(b) softer than butter

11. (a) crooked than hillroad
(b) straighter than a railway line

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 1.5 The Necklace Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 1.5 The Necklace

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Chapter 1.5 The Necklace Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

• Do you like jewellery and ornaments?
• Do you like to dress up for special occasions?
• How do you do that?
• What makes a person happy and confident’?
• during special functions and parties?

Talking about Myself:

Write a few lines about yourself – your name, appearance. family, the place where you live, your school, your friends. neighbours. relatives, your likes, dislikes, hobbies, what you are good at, etc.

Now create an imaginary ‘persona’ for yourself. It should be quite different from your real self. Or, you may choose a fictional character – a character from a novel, story, etc. Write a few lines about this imaginary persona and introduce yourself in that role.

Imaginary Persona

• Hi, I am Vishalbahu.
• I like to obstruct and punish criminals.
• I simply love stunts and fights.
• I enjoy flying secretly all over the world.
• I don’t like people who trouble common people.
• I hate crimes and injustice caused to innocent people.
• I find exercises, combats very interesting.
• I can do any impossible things in the world.
• I am good at every difficult or hard work.
• I am not so good at office work and housework.

A Turn by Turn Story:

Form groups of 6-8. One person chooses any familiar object and announces its name in the group. All the others talk about it one by one, adding one (new) complete sentence at a time. The person who has chosen the object takes down all the sentences. After 2-3 rounds, read the sentences together and try to build a story around them.

Part I

English Workshop:

1. Read each of the following sentences aloud. Write who said it and to whom.

Question 1.
(a) Look. here’s something for you.”
(b) “Why. the dress you go to the theater in!”
(c) ‘I would rather not go to the party.”
(d) ‘Choose, my dear.”
(e) You have nothing else?”
(f) “Would you lend me this, just this?”
(g) “What ! … How ! … That’s impossible!
Answer:
(b) Mathilde’s husband said to Mathilde.
(c) Mathilde said to her husband.
(d) Madame Forestier said this to Mathilde.
(e) Mathilde said this to Madame Forestier.
(f) Mathilde said this to Madame Forestier.
(g) Mathilde’s husband said this to Mathilde.

2. Read the conversations in the story aloud using proper intonation.

Question 1.
Read the conversations in the story aloud using proper intonation.

3. Write a few lines about what Mathilde had and what she dreamt about.

Question 1.
Write a few lines about what Mathilde had and what she dreamt about.

4. Write what you think about the following thoughts and actions of Mathilde.

Question a.
Mathilde was beautiful, and so she wanted to marry an aristocrat.
Answer:
She was not wrong to think so, because I think every woman, beautiful or not, wants to marry a person, who has a good position and wealth.

Question b.
Mathilde was sad because she did not get any luxuries.
Answer:
Her thinking was not correct. Not every one gets a luxurious life. She should have managed in whatever they were earning and lived a simple but happy life.

Question c.
Mathilde felt that her house was shabby and poorly furnished.
Answer:
Her feelings are wrong because it depends on the people who live in the house to keep the house clean, tidy and beautiful with whatever furniture, things they have got.

Question d.
Mathilde wanted other people to envy her.
Answer:
Mathilde’s thought was wrong because happiness does not depend on making the people envy you. She wished that people would have admired her if she had rich dresses and jewels.

Question e.
Mathilde was not happy to see the invitation.
Answer:
Mathilde did not care about the importance of the invitation, her husband had received. She was thinking only about the dress she would wear there.

Question f.
Mathilde wanted a new dress for herself.
Answer:
Mathilde wanted a new dress for herself only to selfishly corner her husband for extorting money from him to buy a new dress. Her thought was silly and unreasonable.

Question g.
Mathilde borrowed a diamond necklace from her friend and wore it to the party.
Answer:
Borrowing a diamond necklace was not a dire need of Mathilde. She could have used flowers instead; but she wanted another woman’s necklace to make a show of her beauty. She did not understand that borrowing is begging.

Question h.
Mathilde lost her necklace.
Answer:
Mathilde was so overwhelmed and captivated by her success that she was not aware of her responsibility of safe-keeping the borrowed necklace carefully. She lost it only because of her carelessness.

5. Prepare a formal invitation using the following format:

Language Study:

6. Read the phrases: The necklace, an error, all these things, another woman, one evening, her husband. In all these phrases we see some words used before the nouns. They specify or make it clear what noun we are talking about. These words that are used at the beginning of a noun phrase are known as determiners.
Determiners include articles (a, an, the), possessive pronouns (my, our, your, her, etc.), words like this, that, much, many, all, and numbers.

Part II

Chit-chat:

• Have you ever lost anything valuable?
• Name a book/movie that made you think.
• What was it about?
• What was the best part about the book/movie?

English Workshop:

1. Spot and circle the error m the following sentences. Then rewrite the sentences after correcting them.

Question 1.
Spot and circle the error m the following sentences. Then rewrite the sentences after correcting them.
(a) But they could not found it.
(b) You must right to your friend.
(c) At the end of one week, they have lose all hope.
(d) He would borrowed the rest.
(e) You should have return it sooner.
(f) And this life lasted for ten year.
(g) “No, I am Mathilde bisel.”
(h) Madame Forestier were stunned.
Answer:
(a) But they could not find it.
(b) You must write to your friend.
(c) At the end of one week, they have lost all hope.
(d) They stared at each other
(e) He would borrow the rest.
(f) You should have returned it sooner.
(g) And this life lasted ten years.
(h) “No, I am Mathilde Loisel.”
(i) Madame Forestier was stunned.

2. Complete the following table.

Question 1.
Complete the following table.

3. Write what you think about the following thoughts and actions of Mathilde

Question a.
Mathilde was shocked despaired over the loss of her necklace
Answer:
I think her reaction to the loss of her necklace was natural. But she herself was responsible for the tragedy. Her stubborn behaviour is to be blamed for the loss.

Question b.
Mathilde wrote a note to her friend as dictated by her husband.
Answer:
The couple couldn’t find the lost necklace even after a long search. They expected to find it some day. For that they needed some more time and Mathilde was compelled to write the false letter to I her friend. Her action of telling lies and betraying her friend was immoral and ridiculous.

Question c.
Mathilde and her husband decided to replace the necklace.
Answer:
I think that their decision of replacing the necklace was immature and insincere. Instead, they should have clearly and openly told Madame Forestier about the incident. It could have saved them from the horrible life they had to face and the dreadful debt they had to pay.

Question d.
Mathilde returned the diamond necklace to her friend
Answer:
I think, it was her moral responsibility to return the borrowed diamond necklace immediately after the party day but she delayed. She did so to hide the fact that she had lost the diamond necklace. Her negligence made her to make one more wrong.

Question e.
Mathilde did not tell her friend about the loss and replacement.
Answer:
It was another big mistake she committed. It was her thoughtless action. Had she told her friend about the loss of the necklace, further ruinous incidents wouldn’t have occurred and the remedy for the problem would have been very simple and easy.

Question f.
Mathilde worked very very hard to pay the debt.
Answer:
Mathilde’s action shows that she was a completely transformed woman. She had changed her attitude towards her lifestyle. She forgot her dreams of living a luxurious life. She worked hard and saved money for repaying the debt. She felt duty-bound for coming out of the devastating situation, she was responsible for.

Question g.
Mathilde and her husband paid off the debt in ten years.
Answer:
The income of Mathilde’s husband was meagre. So both of them worked very hard for ten long years to save money for repaying the debt. They curtailed their needs severely, her husband worked extra to ease the burden of debt. Somehow they faced the woes together bravely and sincerely.

4. Form pairs. Discuss how ‘Part II’ of the story could have been different. Write your storyline in the form of bullets showing the main events.

Question 1.
Form pairs. Discuss how ‘Part II’ of the story could have been different. Write your storyline in the form of bullets showing the main events.
Answer:
The cabman, who dropped them at their door found the necklace after two days while cleaning his cab → behind the space of the seats → fallen from the gaps of the seats → remembered the lady wearing the necklace → was an honest and God-fearing man → went to their house →handed over the necklace to them → it could have changed the whole story.

5. Imagine what must have happened after Mathilde’s friend discovered that the diamonds were real. Do you think she would return it to Mathilde? Would that make Mathilde happy?

Question 1.
Imagine what must have happened after Mathilde’s friend discovered that the diamonds were real. Do you think she would return it to Mathilde? Would that make Mathilde happy?
Answer:
Mathilde’s friend was rich but a kind-hearted and generous woman. She knew that Mathilde had to face many miseries for ten years. I think she would return the necklace to Mathilde. Mathilde would be happy to find some relief after ruinous sufferings.

6. Discuss the following and write about it in your own words in 5-6 lines.

Question 1.
Discuss the following and write about it in your own words in 5-6 lines.
(a) What would you do, if something like this happens to you?
(b) What opinion do you form about Mathilde’s husband from lier story?
(c) Which events in the story (Part I and Part II) changed Mathilde’s life?
Answer:
(Use the following points to write your answers.)
(a) Points:

• would go to friend and explain-
• would ask for time to return the money for the necklace –
• since friend rich, she may have accepted the idea.)

(b) Points:

• Husband
• good – kind – supportive
• considerate – a very nice human being.

(c) Points :

• Invitation to party – borrowing the necklace
• losing the necklace – returning the necklace by borrowing money

Language study:

7. Read the table of verb forms given below.

Question 1.
Read the table of verb forms given below.

The base form is used as an infInitive: You may go. She will go.
in orders: Go home. and in the simple present tense: I go to school. We go
home. Do you go there every day? The children/They go up, etc.
Note that we use the ‘-s form’ with ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, third-person singular subjects to show the simple present.
The past tense form has ‘-ed’ at the end. But many commonly used verbs have different past tense forms. Examples: Came, went, spoke.
. The ‘-ing’ form is known as the present participle. It is used with forms of ‘be’ to show continuous action – Examples: I am eating. You were eating. She was eating.
It is also used in certain constructions like He sat copying a manuscript.

The past participle used with forms of ‘have’ shows completed action – Examples: I have eaten. They have come, etc.
It is also used in certain constructions like ‘They looked at each other, stunned!’
It is also used in passive constructions. We will learn about ‘passive voice’ later.

Make a table of verb forms for your own reference. Try to arrange the verbs in alphabetical order. Keep adding new verbs to your table from time to time. When you write, check your work to see whether you have used the correct verb form.

Question 1.
Read the different following information about different forms of verbs:
Answer:
1. The base form is used as an infinitive: You may go. She will go.
In orders: Go home. And in simple present tense: I go to school. We go home. Do you go there every day? The children/They go up, etc.

2. Note that we use the e-s form’ with ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, third person singular subjects to show
the simple present.

3. The past tense form has ‘-ed’ at the end. But many commonly used verbs have different past tense forms. Examples: came, went, spoke.

4. The ‘-ing’ form is known as the present participle. It is used with forms of ‘be’ to show continuous action – Examples: I am eating. You were eating. She was eating. It is also used in certain constructions like : He sat copying a manuscript.

5. The past participle used with forms of ‘have’ shows completed action.
Examples: I have eaten. They have come, etc.
It is also used in certain constructions like ‘They looked at each other, stunned!’

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 1.5 The Necklace Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passage and do the activities :

Simple Factual Activities :

Question 1.
Say whether the following statements are True or False :
Answer:

1. Mathilde was married to a big officer at the Ministry of Education. – False
2. Mathilde’s former schoolmate was very rich. – True
3. Mathilde had rich dresses, jewels and everything that she loved. – False
4. Mathilde was happy with the invitation brought by her husband – False

Question 2.
Who said to whom? Complete the table :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Dialogue	Who said	To whom
1. “Here’s something for you.”	Mathilde’s husband	Mathilde
2. “What do you want me to do with that?”	Mathilde	Mathilde’s husband

Question 3.
What did the envelope hold?
Answer:
The envelope held an invitation from the Minister of Education and Mme. Georges Rampouneau to Mr and Mrs. Loisel.

Question 4.
State whether the following statements ) are True or False :
Answer:

1. Mathilde’s husband suggested her to wear the dress she wore when she went to the theatre. – True
2. Mathilde was upset for three days because she had no good dress to wear. – False
3. Mathilde was ready to wear flowers. – False
4. She demanded four hundred francs for her dress. – True

Question 5.
Write who said it and to whom :
“But I don’t know what you like.”
Answer:
Madame Forestier said this to Mathilde.

Question 6.
Choose the correct option from the brackets and complete the sentences :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Mathilde went to Madame Forestier. (The jeweller/Madame Forestier)
2. Madame Forestier took out a large box from her mirrored wardrobe. (large box/necklace)
3. Mathilde tried on the jewellery in the mirror. (dress/jewellery)
4. Mathilde discovered a diamond necklace in Madame Forestier’s large box. (a black satin box/a diamond necklace)

Question 7.
What did Madame Forestier’s large box contain?
Answer:
Madame Forestier’s large box contained bracelets, necklaces and other jewellery.

Question 8.
Complete the following sentences using the information given in the passage:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Mathilde was floating in a cloud of happiness.
2. Both, husband and wife left at about four o’clock in the morning.
3. In front of the mirror Mathilde took a final look at herself in all her glory.
4. She no longer had the necklace round her neck.

Question 9.
Who said it and to whom :

Question a.
“I no longer have Madame Forestier’s necklace.”
Answer:
Mathilde said this to her husband.

Question 10.
Complete the following sentences with the information given in the passage :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. She remained in her ball dress all night, her mind blank.
2. At the end of one week they had lost all hope.
3. The husband and wife were sick with grief and anguish.
4. Mr. Loisel said, “We must consider how to replace the jewel.”

Question 11.
Who said this to whom :
1. “I might have needed it.”
2. “Don’t sell it for three days.”
Answer:
1. Madame Forestier said this to Mathilde.
2. Mr. Loisel and Mathilde said to the jeweler.

Question 12.
Say if the following statements are True or False:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Madame Forestier was rather angry with Mathilde for returning the necklace late. – True
2. A string of diamonds they found at Palais Royal was worth thirty-six thousand francs. – False
3. The new necklace cost them thirty- four thousand francs. – False
4. Mr Loisel borrowed money from every type of money-lender. – True

Question 13.
Complete the sentences using the information from the passage :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. At the end of ten years, they had paid off everything.
2. How little is needed for one to be ruined or saved!
3. Mathilde played her part heroically.
4. She came to know the drudgery of housework.

Question 14.
Answer the following questions :

Question a.
Who is Madame Loisel?
Answer:
Madame Loisel is Mathilde.

Question b.
What work did Mathilde’s husband do for a tradesman?
Answer:
Mathilde’s husband did accounts for a tradesman.

Question 15.
Say whether the following statements are True or False:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Madame Forestier recognised her dear friend immediately. _ False
2. Madame Forestier still looked young, beautiful and charming. – True
3. It had taken them ten years to pay for the imitation diamond neclace. – True
4. The imitation was not worth five hundred francs at most! – False

Complex Factual Activities :

Question 1.
Complete the following :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 2.
Why was Mathilde married to a minor official’?
Answer:
Mathilde was a pretty, charming girl but was born in a family of clerks. This had decided her future. Because of her ill-fate she had to marry a ‘minor official’.

Question 3.
Why did Mathilde weep with misery after visiting her schoolmate?
Answer:
Mathilde wept with misery after visiting her schoolmate because she couldn’t get the riches and the luxurious life in which the schoolmate was relishing. She dreamt of all those things her friend was enjoying. She herself could not have them because of her destiny.

Question 4.
Mathilde was sad, restless and anxious though her dress was ready because ….
Answer:
Mathilde was sad, restless and anxious though her dress was ready because she had no jewels, she had not a single precious stone to wear. She almost had decided not to go to the party.

Question 5.
Mathilde’s husband turned pale because….
Answer:
Mathilde’s husband turned pale because he had been saving the exact amount demanded by Mathilde to buy a gun for a hunting summer, in the country near Nanterre. He would lose his opportunity for buying dress for Mathilde.

Question 6.
Write the following sentences in order of their occurrence :
1. Her friend put a large box of jewellery before Mathilde.
2. She fled home with her treasure.
3. Mathilde went to Madame Forestier.
4. She discovered a diamond necklace.
Answer:
3. Mathilde went to Madame Forestier.
1. Her friend put a large box of jewellery before Mathilde.
4. She discovered a diamond necklace.
2. She fled home with her treasure.

Question 7.
Which sentences tell us that Mathilde greatly desired the necklace?
Answer:
The Sentences: Her heart began to beat with uncontrolled desire. Her hands trembled as she took it. She stood lost in ecstasy as she looked at herself in the mirror. She asked her friend anxiously, “Would you lend me this, just this?”

Question 8.
Complete the web :
Answer:

Question 9.
Describe the efforts made by the couple to find the lost necklace:
Answer:
They looked in the folds of Mathilde’s dress, in the folds of her cloak, in her pockets, everywhere. Mr. Loisel walked over the whole route they had walked to find the necklace. He went to the police station, to the newspapers to offer a reward, to the cab companies and everywhere they expected to find the necklace but found nothing.

Question 10.
Complete the web
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 11.
How did life of Mathilde change after the horrible incident?
Answer:
Mathilde’s life was completely changed. She dismissed her maid and did extremely unpleasant labours in the kitchen. She washed the dishes, the dirty linen, she carried the garbage down to the street every morning, carried up the water and dressed like a common woman. She had to bargain at markets, quarrel and face insults over every miserable sou. She lived the horrible life of the very poor.

Question 12.
Arrange the following sentences in order of their occurence:
1. Mathilde tells Madame Forestier about her hard time and miseries.
2. Madame Forestier tells that the necklace was an imitation.
3. Madame Forestier did not recognise Mathilde because she was completely changed.
4. Mathilde met Madame Forestier in the Champs Elysees on Sunday.
Answer:
4. Mathilde met Madame Forestier in the Champs Elysees on Sunday.
3. Madame Forestier did not recognise Mathilde because she was completely changed.
1. Mathilde tells Madame Forestier about her hard time and miseries.
2. Madame Forestier tells that the necklace was an imitation.

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meaning in Column ‘B’ :

‘A’	‘B’
1. aristocrat	(a) destiny
2. fate	(b) great success
3. shabby	(c) nobleman
4. triumph	(d) nearly worn out

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. aristocrat	(c) nobleman
2. fate	(a) destiny
3. shabby	(d) nearly worn out
4. triumph	(b) great success

Question 2.
Write any four words from the passage that show the feeling of great pain:
Answer:
regret, despair, misery and tormented.

Question 3.
Write English terms that stand for the French terms Monsieur and Mme:
Answer:
Mr and Mrs.

Question 4.
Write the long forms of the following contracted forms:

1. Let’s
2. don’t
3. hadn’t
4. what’s.

Answer:

1. Let us
2. do not
3. had not
4. what is.

Question 5.
Write four words from the passage that reflect (show) that the person is in difficult situation.
Answer:
stammered, stunned, distressed, stuttered.

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks with proper letters so as to find the words: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. the objects such as rings, necklaces, etc. that

2. a large cupboard for hanging clothes.

3. a piece of ornament consisting of chain of beads, diamonds, etc. worn around the neck =

4. a strong wish to have something =

Question 7.
Write any four adjectives from the passage.
Answer:
elegant, gracious, smiling, panic-stricken.

Question 8.
Write any four adverbs with ‘-ly’ from the passage.
Answer:
wildly, fmally, sadly, suddenly.

Question 9.
Which words from the passage are related with ‘success’?
Answer:
full of joy, triumph, cloud of happiness, glory.

Question 10.
Write the meanings of:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. glimmer of hope: a small sign of hope/success.
2. a hollow, pale figure: a person having empty mind and almost white face because of frustration and exhaustion.
3. sick with grief and anguish: mentally ill because of great sadness and pain.
4. cloak: ladies’ garment without sleeves, worn over their other clothes.

Question 11.
Find and write all the numbers mentioned in the passage :
Answer:
Forty thousand, thirty-six thousand, thirty- four thousand, eighteen thousand.

Question 12.
Write from passage the words related to money matters.
Answer:
worth, sell, borrow, notes, agreements, dealt, money-lender.

Question 13.
Write from the passage the phrases related to ‘housework’.
Answer:
Drudgery of housework, odious labours of the kitchen, washing dishes, washing dirty linen, carry the garbage, carry up the water, bargain at markets.

Question 14.
Match from the passage the adjectives in Column ‘A’ with the nouns in Column ‘B’ :

‘A’	‘B’
1. dreadful	(a) sou
2. miserable	(b) labours
3. horrible	(c) debt
4. odious	(d) life

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. dreadful	(c) debt
2. miserable	(a) sou
3. horrible	(d) life
4. odious	(b) labours

Question 15.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meaning in Column ‘B’ :

‘A’	‘B’
1. familiarly	(a) artificial/not real
2. astonished	(b) in a friendly manner
3. imitation	(c) very surprised
4. innocent	(d) having not done anything wrong

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. familiarly	(b) in a friendly manner
2. astonished	(c) very surprised
3. imitation	(a) artificial/not real
4. innocent	(d) having not done anything wrong.

Question 16.
Write from the passage the verbs that end : with ‘-ed’.
Answer:
astonished, addressed, stammered, uttered, changed, stunned, smiled, moved.

Activities based on contextual grammar :

Question 1.
Find and write the adjectives from the passage for the following nouns :

1. house
2. girl
3. official
4. mansion.

Answer:

1. shabby and poorly furnished
2. pretty and charming
3. minor
4. grand and palatial.

Question 2.
He turned a little pale.
(Change the sentence into simple present Tense.)
Answer:
He turns a little pale.

Question 3.
Choose the correct option of the question tag:
I can give you four hundred francs.
(i) , can I?
(ii) , don’t I?
(iii) , can’t I?
(iv) , couldn’t I?
Answer:
I can give you four hundred francs, can’t I?

Question 4.
She replied,” I am upset that I have no jewels.” (Choose the correct option to transform it into Reported speech.)
a. She replied that I was upset that I had no jewels.
b. She replied that she is upset that she has no jewels.
c. She replied she was upset that she has no jewels.
d. She replied that she was upset that she had no jewels.
Answer:
c. She replied she was upset that she has no jewels.

Question 5.
Choose the correct wh-question from the alternatives to get the underlined part as an answer:
She discovered, in a black satin box, a diamond necklace.
(a) What did she discover in a black satin box?
(b) When did she discover a diamond necklace in a black satin box?
(c) Where did she discover a diamond necklace?
(d) Why did she discover a diamond necklace?
Answer:
(c) Where did she discover a diamond necklace?

Question 6.
Write the following sentence in simple present tense:
She threw her arms around her friend’s neck.
Answer:
She throws her arms around her friend’s neck.

Question 7.
Find the determiners from the following sentences and underline them :
(Answers are directly underlined.)
Answer:
1. They were dropped off at their door in the Rue des Martyrs.
2. Forgetting everything in the triumph of her beauty.

Question 8.
Do as directed :

1. She took a final look at herself. (Write simple present tense form for the underlined word.)
2. The day of the party arrived. (Rewrite the sentence using simple future tense.)
3. She danced wildly (Use past progressive tense and rewrite the sentence.)

Answer:

1. She takes a final look at herself.
2. The day of the party will arrive.
3. She was dancing wildly.

Question 9.
It was worth forty thousand francs.
(Use ‘They’ in place of ‘It’ and rewrite the correct sentence.)
Answer:
They were worth forty thousand francs.

Question 10.
He went to get the new necklace. (Rewrite the sentence using simple present tense for the underlined verb.)
Answer:
He goes to get the new necklace.

Question 11.
Change the following sentences in passive voice :
1. They dismissed their maid.
2. They rented a garret under the roof.
Answer:
1. Their maid was dismissed by them.
2. A garret under the roof was rented by them.

Question 12.
How strange life is!
(Make it an assertive sentence,)
Answer:
Life is very strange.

Question 13.
Complete the table with the correct forms of the given verbs.
Answer:

Do as directed :

Question 1.
1. She had no rich dresses : (Make the sentence affirmative without changing the meaning.)
2. These were the only things she loved. (Make the sentence negative without changing the meaning.)
Answer:
1. She had poor dresses.
2. She loved nothing but (except) these things.

Question 2.
They could not find it.
(Begin with It could not… and change the voice.)
Answer:
It could not be found by them.

Question 3.
He said to Mathilde, “Tell her you have broken the clasp of the necklace.”
(Change into Indirect speech.)
Answer:
He told Mathilde to tell her she had broken the clasp of the necklace.

Question 4.
Use simple present tense form and rewrite the following sentences :

Question a.
He went to the police station.
Answer:
He goes to the police station.

Question b.
They lost all hope.
Answer:
They lose all hope.

Question 5.
How you’ve changed!
(Make an assertive sentence.)
Answer:
You’ve completely changed,

Question 6.
They were similar.
(Make it negative without changing meaning.)
Answer:
They were not different.

Question 7.
I am Mathilde Loisel.
(Choose correct Question Tag,)
(i) , am I?
(ii) , amn’t I?
(iii) , aren’t I?
(iv) , don’t I?
Answer:
(iii) , aren’t I?

Question 8.
Fill in the table with correct verb forms.
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

base form	Past tense	Past participle
bring	brought	brought
see	saw	seen
feel	felt	felt
sing	sang	sung

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What do you feel when you receive an invitation for a party? Why?
Answer:
When I receive an invitation for a party, I feel very happy because we get to meet our friends and relatives at the party and we can spend some time rejoicing. We also get to eat tasty food in the party.

Question 2.
Was Mathilde’s husband a considerate person? How do you know that?
Answer:
Mathilde’s husband was really a very considerate person. Though his wife was obstinate and stubborn, he tried to fulfill all her unreasonable wishes. He sacrificed his own hunting joy and gave his savings to please Mathilde. This shows that he was a very considerate person.

Question 3.
Mathilde asked her friend, “Would you lend me this, just this?”
Why, do you think, did Mathilde say ‘just this’?
Answer:
I think, Mathilde was fully satisfied with the diamond necklace she got. It looked beautiful in her neck as she had desired. So she did not want anything else except that diamond necklace and so she insisted to lend her that and only that necklace.

Question 4.
Why, do you think, did Mathilde not notice the loss of her necklace?
Answer:
I think, she was thinking only about the triumph of her beauty and success in the party. She had lost her attention towards her necklace. Secondly, they left the party early in the morning, could not find a cab and had to walk for a long distance. This also must be the cause of the distraction.

Question 5.
Do you think, the arrangement made by Mr Loisel with the jeweller, was fair? Give your reason:
Answer:
Yes I think the arrangement was fair. According to the arrangement the jeweller would take the necklace back for thirty-four thousand if the other (the lost) necklace was found before the end of February. It would help them to get some more time to find the necklace and again they would ; be losing only two thousand francs instead of thirty- 5 six thousand.

Question 6.
Why does Madame Forestier speak coldly to Mathilde?
Answer:
Mathilde returned the necklace after so many days. Madame Forestier did not like it and was angry with Mathilde. It is the usual tradition to return the borrowed things immediately after the work is done, but Mathilde did not do it. By speaking coldly Madame Forestier expresssed her anger and displeasure.

Question 7.
What is meant by the horrible life of the very poor?
Answer:
The horrible life of the poor means a very tiring, bad, unpleasant and painful life. The poor are the people who live a miserable life with very little or no money at all. They have no money to satisfy their day-to-day basic needs. They have to work hard all the day to make both ends meet. Mathilde experienced this horrible life of the poor for saving money to clear the debt.

Question 8.
Write what you think about the following thought and action of Mathilde :
Mathilde told her friend about the lost necklace.
Answer:
Mathilde was now a relieved person. Though it was her fault, she must have thought that she should tell the truth to her friend and tell her how she struggled for ten long years that made her look old.

Question 9.
Who do you think was responsible for Mathilde’s misery? Was it her friend, she herself, her husband or the circumstances?
Answer:
It was Mathilde who was mainly responsible for her misery. Her wilfulness and obstinate behaviour were the root cause of the disastrous incident. She borrowed the necklace and lost it and that led to her misery. Her friend and her husband were, in no way, responsible for it. Of course the circumstances, to some extent too are responsible for it.

Oral Work:

Question 1.
Read the conversations in the story aloud using proper intonation.

Writing Skill:

Question 1.
Prepare a formal invitation using the format given on the textbook page no. 27.
Answer:

Activities Based on Language study

Do as directed!

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters :

1. o _ h e r
2. y o _ n g
3. p _ o u d
4. s p e _ k

Answer:

1. o t h e r
2. y o u n g
3. p r o u d
4. s p e a k

Question 2.
Copy the following sentences correctly in your notebook :
Answer:
1. He said,” Here’s something for you!”
2. “What’s the matter? Let’s see, Mathilde.”

Question 3.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. glory, street, amount, pleasure.
2. mansion, mirror, mutter, matter.
Answer:
1. amount, glory, pleasure, street.
2. mansion, matter, mirror, mutter.

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences :
1. you could wear flowers he said they are very fashionable at this time of year
2. what is the matter asked her husband
Answer:
1. “You could wear flowers,” he said,
“They are very fashionable at this time of year.”
2. “What is the matter?” asked her husband.

Question 5.
Write four small words (minimum letters each) using the letters in the given word:
‘schoolmate’ :
Answer:

1. school
2. come
3. late
4. home.

Question 7.
Write related words as shown in the example :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 8.
Complete the following word-chain withing for.m. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:
going → ………………. →……………. →…………… → ………….. .
Answer:
going → growing → gaining → guarding → grumbling.

Question 9.
Make your own meaningful sentence by using the phrase ‘to be aware of’.
Answer:
We should be aware of the consequences of bad habits.

Question 10.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words. and use any one of the root words in your own sentence:
1. annoy
2. exhaust
Answer:
1. annoyance
2. exhaustion
Sentence: There is no need to exhaust yourself for such a petty job.

Question 11.
Add a clause to expand the sentence meaningfully:
I don’t remember ………………………………… .
Answer:
I don’t remember when I met him last.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 1.3 The Pilgrim Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 1.3 The Pilgrim

Class 8 English Chapter 1.3 The Pilgrim Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

Make groups and discuss the following using the given points:

Question a.
What fatal dangers/problems did mankind face centuries ago, but are no longer a threat today?
Answer:
(Points : wild animals – lack of food – certain diseases – climate etc.)

Question b.
Name a few scientists/explorers/ social reformers / inventors / discoverers, who spent most of their lives to find solutions to some major problems/ setbacks that mankind faced.
Answer:
(Points : Alexander Fleming, Edison, Ronald Ross, Christopher Columbus, Wright brothers, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Galileo, Marie Curie, Savitribai Phule, Babasaheb Ambedkar, etc.)

Question c.
Did they themselves suffer from those problems/setbacks?
Answer:
(Points : most did not)

Question d.
What inspired them to spend the best part of their lives to research and share their findings?
Answer:
(Points : a passion for well-being of ! mankind – personal goals and aims – interest in the subject – curiosity – the urge to improve society and help others – etc.)

2. Read and understand the following poetic devices:

(A) If two or more words in the same line convey the some meaning, the Figure of Speech in thut line is called Tautology.
For example: It brought joy and cheer.
They groaned with aches and pains.

(B) ‘Poets often change the proper grammatical order of words in the ¡inc of a poem, in order to make the lines rhyme or to emphasize upon something. The Figure of Speech in such lines is called inersion’ or Anastrophe.’
For example: Up came the sun. Down the hill, it flowed.

(C) When a question is asked in order to create a dramatic effect and not to get an answer, in a line of the poem, the Figure of Speech used is called
Interrogation / Rhetorical Questions:
For example: What is this life, if full of care?
When can their glory fade?

1.Pick out words from the poem to fill in the web diagram. They should be related to the theme in the web.

Answer:

2.The entire poem is metaphorical (Implied comparison).
Match the words in Column A with what they imply in Column B.

Answer:
(1) pilgrim – a dutiful man
(2) journey – life
(3) evening or close of day – old age
(4) chasm, deep and wide – threat to life
(5) building a bridge – solving a problem /getting rid of a threat to life
(6) pitfall – trap
(7) close of day – death

3. A. Read the poem and write 3 qualities of each of the following.

Answer:

3. B. Answer in your own words.

Question a.
Why did the old man have no need to build the bridge, across the chasm?
Answer:
The old pilgrim had already crossed the chasm and would never pass that way again. Hence, the old man had no need to build the bridge across the chasm.

Question b.
What explanation did he give to the fellow- pilgrim for his thoughtful deed?
Answer:
The old man said that though he had already crossed the chasm, there was a fair-haired youth who was about to pass that way. The old man was experienced and was not afraid of the chasm. However, the young man was inexperienced and the chasm could prove to be a pitfall for him.
He too had to cross it at twilight, and the old man was building a bridge to help this youth.

Question c.
What message does the poem convey to all of us?
Answer:
The message that the poem conveys to us is that we must be generous ) and unselfish and think of others. We must try to help others who are not as experienced as we are.

4. A. Note the rhyming words in the first stanza:
way – gray I wide-side- tide / dim -him.
Poet has used a deliberate pattern of lines that rhyme with other lines in the poem or
the stanza. This pattern can be identified by giving the rhyming pairs of words the
same letter of the alphabet.
For example: l stanza of this poem has the pattern AABCCBB
So, AABCCBB is called the Rhyme Scheme of the 1stanza of the poem
‘The Pilgrim’.
Answer:
(i) the 2nd stanza : ddaabb
(ii) the 3rd stanza: eeaaffcc

4. B. Now write the Rhyme Scheme of the 2stanza and 3 stanza
Remember that a line in the 2d or stanza may rhyme with lines in P’ stanza,
too. You may use the sanie letter of the alphabet as used in the 1 stanza.
Answer:
(i) Came at evening, cold and gray. To a chasm, deep and vast and wide.
(The correct prose order Is: Came on a cold and gray evening to a deep and wide and vast chasm.)
(ii) To the fair-haired youth. may a pitfall be.
(The correct prose order is : To the fair-haired youth, It may be a pitfall.)

4. C. Find two lines from the poem that j contain the figure of speech ‘Inversion’.
Answer:
(i) Came at evening, cold and gray, To a chasm, deep and vast and wide.
(The correct prose order is : Came on j a cold and gray evening to a deep and wide and vast chasm.)
(ii) To the fair-haired youth, may a pitfall be.
(The correct prose order is : To the fair-haired youth, it may be a pitfall.)

Pick out one line each that contains the following figures of speech:
(Note: Refer to the next page for the explanation.)

Question a.
Tautology:
Answer:
To a chasm, deep and vast and wide.
The words vast and wide have similar meaning.

Question b.
Personification:
Answer:
A pilgrim, going a lone highway.
The highway is given the human quality of being lonely.

Question c.
Interrogation:
Answer:
Why waste your time in building here?
A question is asked to emphasize an idea.

5. Imagine that you are the fellow – pilgrim and you wish to share your experience of the incident in the poem. Write a short article about it for a magazine / journal. Also convey what change it has brought in our life.

Class 8 English Chapter 1.3 The Pilgrim Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the following:

Question 1.
Although he had already crossed the chasm, the pilgrim ________.
Answer:
paused and built a bridge across the waters.

Question 2.
The old pilgrim built the bridge to to __________.
Answer:
help the Inexperienced youth who was following on the same path.

Complex Factual Activities:
Give reasons:

Question a.
The fellow pilgrim was puzzled.
Answer:
The old pilgrim had already crossed the chasm and would never pass that way again. Yet, he was building a bridge across the chasm. The fellow pilgrim could not understand the reason for this and was hence puzzled.

Question b.
What/Who could be the third pilgrim?
Answer:
The third pilgrim could be a young, inexperienced youth.

Analysis/Appreciation Of A Poem
Answer:
(1) Poem and poet: ‘The Pilgrim’ by Will Allan Dromgoole
(2) Theme: Those who have faced the difficulties of life successfully and are experienced must be unselfish and help those who are inexperienced and may face difficulties.
(3) Tone: Serious.
(4) Structure and stanzas: Stanzas of unequal length; 1st stanza – 7 lines; 2nd stanza – 6 lines; 3rd stanza – 8 lines;
(5) Rhyme and Rhythm: 1st stanza – AABCCBB; 2nd stanza – ddaabb; 3rd stanza – eeaaffcc
(6) Language and Imagery: The narrative is direct with some archaic language used; there is a strong underlying message. The descriptions are vivid.
(7) Figures of Speech: Inversion, Tautology, Personification, Interrogation.

Writing Skills:

“Imagine that you are the fellow-pilgrim and you wish to share your experience of \ the incident in the poem. Write a short j article about it for a magazine/journal.
Also convey what change it has brought in your life.
Answer:

The Turning Point

There are certain incidents in one’s life which have an impact on a person and prove to be a turning point in their lives. Let me narrate the incident which shook me awake.

I was on a hike in some hilly places when I had to cross a deep ravine which had a gushing river flowing through it. I managed to cross without any difficulty to my surprise, an old man ahead of me also crossed it nimbly. As I was about to continue on my way, I saw the old man turn back and build a rough bridge across the water. It took a lot of effort and I stood by wondering. Finally, I asked him, “Sir, it is late evening and you Eire not likely to cross this way again. Why are you building a bridge now?”

The old man’s answer floored me. “You confused child,” he said with a smile. “I have completed my journey – true. But behind me is a young boy who is inexperienced.

He will soon reach this chasm, and he may have difficulty in crossing it. I am building this bridge to help him.”
I stood still, amazed at the generosity and unselfishness of the old man, who was putting in the time and effort to help someone he did not even know. He was building a bridge that he would never ever cross.

This incident left an indelible mark on my mind. Since that time, I always try to help others even though it may not be beneficial to me in any way. However, it gives me something immeasurable – peace and happiness. Try it out, won’t you? (indelible – permanent; unfading)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 3.3 To a Butterfly Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 3.3 To a Butterfly

My English Coursebook Std 9 Guide Chapter 3.3 To a Butterfly Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat:

1. What games did you play when you were a small child – in pre-primary or primary school?
2. Who were your playmates?
3. What do you remember best from that time?

Short Poems

Question 1.
Use the following formats to write your own poems.
noun
noun + verb
noun + verb + adverb
determiner/adjective + noun + verb + adverb
exclamation
noun + verb

If necessary, the teacher should revise the parts of speech mentioned the activity and write plenty of examples of each on the blackboard.
adjective 1
adjective 2
adjective 3
adjective 4
adjective 5
noun

verb
verb + adverb
verb + adverb + adverb
noun + verb + adverb + adverb
determiner/adjective + noun + verb + adverb + adverb
question (simple/rhetorical)

English Workshop:

Question 1.
Pick out from the first stanza, four expressions where the poet pleads with the butterfly not to go away:
Answer:

1. 1. STAY near me
   2. do not take thy flight!
   3. A little longer stay in sight!
   4. Float near me do not yet depart!

Question 2.
Match the words/lines and their meaning:

Words/Lines	Meaning
1. Do not take thy flight	(a) reminder of my childhood days
2. Much converse do I find in thee	(b) I want to talk to you about many things
3. Historian of my infancy	(c) Do not fly away
4. Dead time revive in thee	c I rushed upon the prey (butterfly)
5. A very hunter did I rush upon the prey	(e) In you, I see the time that has gone by

Answer:

Words/Lines	Meaning
1. Do not take thy flight	(c) Do not fly away
2. Much converse do I find in thee	(b) I want to talk to you about many things
3. Historian of my infancy	(a) reminder of my childhood days
4. Dead time revive in thee	(e) In you, I see the time that has gone by
5. A very hunter did I rush upon the prey	(e) I rushed upon the prey (butterfly)

3. Say WHO.

Question 1.
Say WHO.
Answer:
(a) Reminds the poet of his – butterfly childhood
(b) Is afraid to touch the butterfly – Poet’s sister
(c) Is like a hunter – the poet
(d) Is the poet’s sister – Emmeline

4. Sometimes, the normal word order is changed in the lines of a poem, to emphasise something or to make the lines sound better. This change in word order is called ‘inversion’.

Question 1.
Sometimes, the normal word order is changed in the lines of a poem, to emphasise something or to make the lines sound better. This change in word order is called ‘inversion’. Can you find examples of inversion in this poem? Write them down. Then rewrite the lines using regular word order and compare the effect.
Example: A little longer stay in sight!
Stay in sight a liitle longer.
Answer:
1. Much converse do I find in thee.
Regular word order: I do find much converse ! in thee.
2. You bring’st, gay creature as thou art!
A Solemn image to my heart, My father’s family!
Regular word order: As thou art gay creature you bringst a solemn image (of) my father’s family to my heart!

5. The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is a a b b c b c c b. Now write the rhyming words in the second stanza.

Question 1.
The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is a a b b c b c c b. Now write the rhyming words in the second stanza. Note the words ‘rush’, ‘bush’, ‘brush’. Their spellings look similar, but the pronunciation of the words is different. It is known as eye rhyme. Find examples of ‘eye rhymes’ and true rhymes from other sources.
Answer:

1. flight – sight,
2. depart – art – heart,
3. days – plays,
4. I – butterfly,
5. rush – brush,
6. springs – wings

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 3.3 To a Butterfly Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Is the poet a grown-up person or a child?
Answer:
The poet is a grown-up person.

Poetic device Activities:

Question 1.
Write old English words used in the poem:
Answer:
Thy, thee, bring’st, thou, art.

Appreciation of Poem:

1. Title: ‘To a Butterfly’.
2. Poet: William Wordsworth.

3. Theme/Central Idea: The speaker of the poem (here, the poet himself) is a grown-up person who looks back to his childhood days. The sight of a butterfly reminds him of the pleasant childhood days he spent together with his sister chasing butterflies on the countryside. This is the theme of the poem.

4. Rhyme Scheme: The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is: aabbcbccb. The rhyme scheme of the second stanza is: aabbcacca

5. Figure of Speech: Inversion, Tautology.

6. Special Features: This poem is a lyric. A lyric poem expresses the mood or emotion of a single speaker. Here the poet himself, looks back to his childhood days with great fondness. The sight of a butterfly reminds him of the pleasant childhood days he spent with his sister chasing butterflies on the countryside.

7. Favourite Lines:

1. Stay near me-do not take they flight.
   A Little longer stay in sight.
2. Dead times review in thee.

8. Why I like the poem: I like this poem for its simplicity. The happy days of childhood are portrayed here with great effect in a few lines.

Short Poems

Question 1.
Use your own ideas, words to write your own poems:
Examples:
1. Rolling, roaring deep blue sea
We always long to visit and see.
2. Playing and laughing,
Heedless of everything,
We pass our childhood days,
Like colourful morning rays.