Important Questions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Geography Important Questions Chapter 2 Population Part 2 Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Geography Important Questions Chapter 2 Population Part 2

Choose the correct option by identifying the correct correlation in the sentences.

Question 1.
In 2016, male and female literacy rate was the same in the …………….. region.
(a) Europe and North America
(b) North-East and South-East
(c) Latin America
(d) Southeast Asia
Answer:
(a) Europe and North America

Question 2.
In 2016, the lowest male literacy rate was in …………….. region.
(a) Central Asia
(b) Sub-Saharan Africa
(c) Southeast Asia
(d) North America
Answer:
(b) Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 3.
In 2016, male and female literacy rate was the same in …………….. region.
(a) Europe
(b) South Asia
(c) Sub-Saharan Africa
(d) Western Asia
Answer:
(a) Europe

Question 4.
The highest sex ratio in the world is recorded in …………….. country.
(a) Ukraine
(b) India
(c) China
(d) Afghanistan
Answer:
(a) Ukraine

Question 5.
On an average the world population reflects the sex ratio …………….. females per 1000 men.
(a) 667
(b) 990
(c) 1162
(d) 960
Answer:
(b) 990

Question 6.
There are …………….. females per 1000 males in Saudi Arabia.
(a) 1162
(b) 990
(c) 667
(d) 867
Answer:
(c) 667

Question 7.
In 2011, 48.96 percentage population in India was engaged in …………….. occupation.
(a) primary
(b) secondary
(c) tertiary
(d) quaternary
Answer:
(a) primary

Identify the correct co-relation

Question 1.
A – Large size population in the age group of 15 to 59 indicate large size independent population.
R – The number of children in 0-15 age group indicate high dependency ratio.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Question 2.
A – The sex ratio is an important information about the status of men in the country.
R – The ratio between the number of women and men in the population is called sex ratio.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(b) Only R is correct.

Question 3.
A – Migration brings changes in population.
R – If people migrate to any region the population of the region will change.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 4.
A – The recipient region may face a pressure on housing.
R – Lack of housing leads to increase in slums.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Identify the incorrect factor.

Question 1.
Primary occupations
(a) Cultivators
(b) Forestry
(c) Construction
(d) Mining
Answer:
(c) Construction

Question 2.
Secondary occupations
(a) Heavy industry
(b) Fishing
(c) Small scale industry
(d) Construction work
Answer:
(b) Fishing

Question 3.
Tertiary occupations
(a) Trade
(b) Commerce
(c) Manufacturing
(d) Communication
Answer:
(c) Manufacturing

Question 4.
Quaternary occupations
(a) Education
(b) Medicine
(c) Research
(d) Communication
Answer:
(d) Communication

Question 5.
Examples of short-term migration
(a) Tourist
(b) Migration in search of fodder
(c) Migration of labour in sugarcane production areas
(d) Migration to Mumbai for jobs
Answer:
(d) Migration to Mumbai for jobs

Question 6.
Economic factors responsible for migration.
(a) Jobs
(b) Education
(c) Business
(d) Improved standard of living
Answer:
(b) Education

Question 7.
Physical factors responsible for migration.
(a) Drought
(b) Earthquakes
(c) Cyclones
(d) Discrimination
Answer:
(d) Discrimination

Question 8.
Social factors responsible for migration.
(a) Education
(b) Marriage
(c) Health
(d) Improved standard of living
Answer:
(d) Improved standard of living

Question 9.
Tertiary Occupations
(a) Doctors
(b) Teachers
(c) Traders
(d) Administrators
Answer:
(c) Traders

Question 10.
Physical factors responsible for migration.
(a) Volcanoes
(b) Tsunami
(c) Jobs
(d) Droughts
Answer:
(c) Jobs

Question 11.
Social factors responsible for migration
(a) Discrimination
(b) Education
(c) Standard of living
(d) Medical facilities
Answer:
(c) Standard of living

Complete the Chain

Question 1.

A	B	C
(1) Physical	(1) Forcing to migrate	(1) Discrimination
(2) Economic	(2) Earthquake	(2) Floods
(3) Social	(3) Standard of living	(3) Business

Answer:

A	B	C
(1) Physical	(1) Earthquake	(1) Floods
(2) Economic	(2) Standard of living	(2) Business
(3) Social	(3) Forcing to migrate	(3) Discrimination

Question 2.

A	B	C
(1) Physical	(1) Marriage	(1) Education
(2) Economic	(2) Drought	(2) Volcano
(3) Social	(3) Business	(3) Jobs

Answer:

A	B	C
(1) Physical	(1) Drought	(1) Volcano
(2) Economic	(2) Business	(2) Jobs
(3) Social	(3) Marriage	(3) Education

Question 3.

A	B	C
(1) Primary Occupation	(1) Trade	(1) Fishing
(2) Tertiary Occupation	(2) Cultivation	(2) Teaching
(3) Quaternary Occupation	(3) Medical	(3) Communication

Answer:

A	B	C
(1) Primary Occupation	(1) Cultivation	(1) Fishing
(2) Tertiary Occupation	(2) Trade	(2) Communication
(3) Quaternary Occupation	(3) Medical	(3) Education

Give geographical reasons.

Question 1.
Age structure affects economy of the country.
Answer:

• The economic development of the country depends upon number of people in young age, adult age and old age groups.
• The population in young age group i.e., 0-15, are non-working and dependent population.
• The population in old age group i.e., 60+, are also non-working and dependent population.
• Larger percentage of old age population means more expenses on medical facilities.
• The population in adult age group i.e., 16-59, are working population and there is more economic development of the country.
• A greater proportion of young and old age group compared to adult age group leads to less economic development of the country.

Question 2.
Many countries are considering to increase retirement age.
Answer:

• Generally, retirement age is 60 years in most of the countries. People of this age come under non-productive or dependent age group.
• In most of the countries life expectancy of population is increasing so old age population is increasing.
• Due to high number of old age population government has to spend more on pension, retirement benefits, medical facilities etc.
• Due to high life expectancy people can work for longer than just 60 years of age.
• Therefore, many countries are considering to increase retirement age.

Differentiate between.

Question 1.
Internal migration and External migration
Answer:

Internal migration	External migration
(i) Internal migration means migration of people within the political boundaries of the country.	(i) External migration means migration of people outside the political boundaries of the country.
(ii) People do not leave the country, they migrate within their country.	(ii) People leave the country and go to another country.
(iii) People migrate from one city to another city, from one district to another district, from one state to another state or region in the country.	(iii) People migrate from one country to another country or one region to another region in the world.
(iv) For example, people going to Mumbai from other states of India for jobs.	(iv) For example, Africans migrating to other countries for higher education.

Answer the following question by using given map/graph.

Question 1.
What is shown in the map?
Answer:
World density of population is shown in the map.

Question 2.
Name any two continents having the same density and population.
Answer:
North America and South America have the same density and population.

Question 3.
Name any two countries having more than 500 persons per sq. km.
Answer:
Bangladesh and Japan are two countries having more than 500 persons per sq. km.

Question 4.
What is the density of population in China?
Answer:
Density of population in China is 200-250 persons per sq. km.

Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Causes of migration
Answer:
There are various causes of migration of people from one area to another areas. The causes of migration can be classified into four categories namely physical, economic, social and political causes.
(i) Physical causes:

• Sometimes there are changes in physical environment of some areas and people are forced to migrate.
• Natural disasters like flooding, droughts, earthquakes, cyclones, tsunami, etc, create unfavourable physical environment, so people migrate from that area.

(ii) Economic causes:

• Sometimes people migrate to other places for economic reasons.
• If there is no employment opportunities or limited resources, people migrate to areas where job or business opportunities are available.
• Some people even though they have recourses in their area migrate to other areas to improve their standard of living.

(iii) Social causes:

• Sometimes people are compelled to migrate due to social problems.
• Due to lack of education, health or medical facilities people migrate to other areas.
• Some females migrate to husband and place of residence after marriage.
• Sometimes people are victim of discrimination by certain groups, so people are forced to migrate.

(iv) Political causes:

• Sometimes due to political instability or war conditions people feel unsafe so they move to other areas or countries.
• For example: Many Pakistanis migrated to India after the partition.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Geography Important Questions Chapter 1 Population Part 1 Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Geography Important Questions Chapter 1 Population Part 1

Choose the correct option by identifying the correct correlation in the sentences.

Question 1.
…………… continent has the least population.
(a) Europe
(b) North America
(c) Australia
(d) Africa
Answer:
(c) Australia

Question 2.
………………. continent has the largest population.
(a) Europe
(b) North America
(c) Asia
(d) Africa
Answer:
(c) Asia

Question 3.
…………………. continent has the largest land mass in the world.
(a) North America
(b) South America
(c) Asia
(d) Australia
Answer:
(c) Asia

Question 4.
……………… continent has the smallest land mass in the world.
(a) Australia
(b) Europe
(c) North America
(d) Africa
Answer:
(a) Australia

Question 5.
…………………. continent has the most landmass as well as most of the population.
(a) North America
(b) Asia
(c) Africa
(d) Australia
Answer:
(b) Asia

Question 6.
…………….. continent has the least landmass and also least population.
(a) South America
(b) North America
(c) Australia
(d) Europe
Answer:
(c) Australia

Question 7.
…………………. country has the largest population in the world.
(a) India
(b) China
(c) USA
(d) Australia
Answer:
(b) China

Question 8.
……………….. country has the second largest population in the world.
(a) China
(b) USA
(c) India
(d) Brazil
Answer:
(c) India

Question 9.
The crude birth rate per thousand in India is ………………..
(a) 46
(b) 12
(c) 12
(d) 18
Answer:
(d) 18

Question 10.
The crude death rate per thousand in India ………………..
(a) 9
(b) 11
(c) 7
(d) 8
Answer:
(c) 7

Complete the chain.

Question 1.

A	B	C
(1) Asia	(1) 28.50% of the world landmass	(1) 18.09% of the world population
(2) Europe	(2) 5.90% of the world landmass	(2) 0.55% of the world population
(3) Australia	(3) 6.80% of the world landmass	(3) 4.75% of the world population
(4) North and South America	(4) 29.20% of the world landmass	(4) 59.65% of the world population

Answer:

A	B	C
(1) Asia	(1) 29.20% of the world landmass	(1) 59.65% of the world population
(2) Europe	(2) 6.80% of the world landmass	(2) 4.75% of the world population
(3) Australia	(3) 5.90% of the world landmass	(3) 0.55% of the world population
(4) North and South America	(4) 28.50% of the world landmass	(4) 18.09% of the world population

Question 2.

A	B	C
(1) India	(1) 171 lakh sq. km	(1) 1073 persons per sq. km
(2) USA	(2) 105 lakh sq. km	(2) 411 persons per sq. km
(3) Bangladesh	(3) 95.3 lakh sq. km	(3) 34 persons per sq. km
(4) Russia	(4) 321 lakh sq. km	(4) 8.5 persons per sq. km

Answer:

A	B	C
(1) India	(1) 32.9 lakh sq. km	(1) 411 persons per sq. km
(2) USA	(2) 95.3 lakh sq. km	(2) 34 persons per sq. km
(3) Bangladesh	(3) 1.5 lakh sq. km	(3) 1073 persons per sq. km
(4) Russia	(4) 171 lakh sq. km	(4) 8.5 persons per sq. km

Question 3.

A	B	C
(1) Mountains	(1) Siberia	(1) High density of population
(2) Climate	(2) Odd physical conditions	(2) Government promote to shift people
(3) Mining	(3) Mediterranean	(3) Equable climate
(4) Government	(4) Dehradun	(4) High cost minerals attract people

Answer:

A	B	C
(1) Mountains	(1) Dehradun	(1) High density of population
(2) Climate	(2) Mediterranean	(2) Equable climate
(3) Mining	(3) Odd physical conditions	(3) High cost minerals attract people
(4) Government	(4) Siberia	(4) Government promote to shift people

Question 4.

A	B	C
(1) Stage 1	(1) Birth rate is not less than death rate but it is almost the same	(1) China
(2) Stage 2	(2) Birth rates and death rates are also decreasing	(2) USA
(3) Stage 3	(3) Birth rate and death rates are high, population growth is stable	(3) No country in this category
(4) Stage 4	(4) Reduction in death rates and birth rates are constant	(4) Population explosion

Answer:

A	B	C
(1) Stage 1	(1) Birth rate and death rates are high, population growth is stable	(1) No country in this category
(2) Stage 2	(2) Reduction in death rates and birth rates are constant	(2) Population explosion
(3) Stage 3	(3) Birth rates and death rates are also decreasing	(3) China
(4) Stage 4	(4) Birth rate is not less than death rate but it are almost the same	(4) USA

Identify the incorrect factor.

Question 1.
Continents which have least population.
(a) South America
(b) Asia
(c) Australia
(d) Africa
Answer:
(b) Asia

Question 2.
Continents which have large population.
(a) Europe
(b) North America
(c) Asia
(d) Africa
Answer:
(d) Africa

Question 3.
Physical factors affecting population distribution.
(a) Relief
(b) Climate
(c) Soil
(d) Transportation
Answer:
(d) Transportation

Question 4.
Human factors affecting population distribution.
(a) Agriculture
(b) Availability of water
(c) Urbanisation
(d) Transportation
Answer:
(b) Availability of water

Question 5.
Sparsely populated regions in the world.
(a) Snow covered regions
(b) Hot deserts
(c) Coastal regions
(d) Mountainous and hilly regions
Answer:
(c) Coastal regions

Question 6.
Densely populated regions of the world.
(a) Hot deserts
(b) Coastal plains
(c) Flat plains
(d) Flood plains
Answer:
(a) Hot deserts

Question 7.
Countries which have large population in the world.
(a) India
(b) China
(c) USA
(d) Australia
Answer:
(d) Australia

Question 8.
Countries which have low population in the world.
(a) China
(b) Australia
(c) Brazil
(d) Rumania
Answer:
(a) China

Question 9.
Countries which have crude birth rate more than 10 in the year 2017.
(a) Sweden
(b) China
(c) USA
(d) Greece
Answer:
(d) Greece

Question 10.
Countries which have crude death rate less than 10 in the year 2017.
(a) Sweden
(b) Greece
(c) India
(d) China
Answer:
(b) Greece

Complete the following as per instructions.

Question 1.
Arrange the following continents on the basis of area in percentage in ascending order. Antarctica, Europe, North America, Asia, Australia
Answer:
Australia, Europe, Antarctica, North America, Asia

Question 2.
Arrange the following continents on the basis of area in the percentage in descending order.
Australia, Asia, North America, Antarctica, Europe
Answer:
Asia, North America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia

Question 3.
Arrange the following continents on the basis of population in percentage in descending order.
North America, South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, Antarctica
Answer:
Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia, Antarctica

Question 4.
Arrange the following continents on the basis of population in percentage in ascending order.
Australia, Antarctica, Asia, Africa, North America, South America
Answer:
Antarctica, Australia, South America, North America, Africa, Asia.

Question 5.
Arrange the following countries on the basis of population in crores in descending order.
India, Pakistan, USA, Russia, China
Answer:
China, India, USA, Pakistan, Russia

Question 6.
Arrange the following countries on the basis of population in crores in ascending order.
Russia, China, Mexico, India, Brazil
Answer:
Mexico, Russia, Brazil, India, China

Question 7.
Arrange the following countries in descending order on the basis of birth rate in the year 2017.
USA, Greece, China, India, Niger
Answer:
Niger, India, China, USA, Greece

Question 8.
Arrange the following countries in ascending order on the basis of birth rate in the year 2017.
USA, Greece, China, India, Niger
Answer:
Greece, USA, China, India, Niger

Question 9.
Arrange the following countries in descending order on the basis of death rate in the year 2017.
China, India Greece, USA, Sweden
Answer:
Greece, Sweden, USA, India, China

Question 10.
Arrange the following countries in ascending order on the basis of death rate in the year 2017.
China, India, Greece, USA, Sweden
Answer:
China, India, USA, Sweden, Greece

Write short notes on.

Question 1.
Impact of climate on distribution of population.
Answer:

• Climate is the most important factor of all the factors influencing the distribution of population.
• Areas of extreme climate like too hot, too cold, too humid, too dry and region of very heavy rainfall are not comfortable for inhabitation of people. Such areas are sparsely populated.
• For example, polar regions where Eskimo and Lapps live are sparsely populated due to extreme cold climate. Sahara Desert is sparsely populated due to extreme hot climate.
• On the other hand, areas with equable climate, that is climate with not much seasonal variation attract people. People feel comfortable to stay in these areas.
• For example, coastal areas have dense population because of equable climate and wide scope for the development of agriculture, industries and trade.

Question 2.
Impact of transportation on distribution of population.
Answer:
1. Availability of transport facilities is also an important human factor which affect the distribution of population in

2. Roads and railways are two important means of transportation. They increase accessibility to the region and provide facilities for the movement of people goods. Thus, developing trade and generating employment opportunities. Hence, population in such areas increases.

3. For example, density of roads and railways is very high in Uttar Pradesh and therefore it is one of the most densely populated state of India.

4. In some areas due to growth of sea transport, development of port cities and trade takes place. There is also an increase in the transport facilities connecting to the surrounding areas. Therefore, population in coastal areas increases. For example, port cities on eastern and western coastal of India are densely populated.

5. On the other hand, due to lack of transport facilities areas become inaccessible, movement of goods and people become costly and require more time and hence such areas are thinly populated.

Question 3.
Impact of mining on distribution of population.
Answer:

• Minerals are important raw materials in the development of industries.
• Therefore, industries develop where good quality minerals are available. Mining and industries generate employment for large number of people and hence skilled and semi¬skilled labourers attract to such regions and mining areas become densely populated.
• For example, Richest mineralised zone of India – Chota Nagpur region, Ruhr region of Germany (due to coal and iron mines) are densely populated.
• In some country’s valuable minerals like gold, silver, copper are mined. In such areas in spite of adverse climate and relief minerals are extracted. Also, the region around the mines are densely populated.
• For example, gold producing areas in Africa, mineral oil mines in the deserts of south-west Asia.

Question 4.
Stage 5 of Demographic Transition Theory.
Answer:

• Stage 5 in Demographic Transition Theory is the last stage.
• In this stage the birth rate is very low and death rate is high. Therefore, the growth of population is slow or negative growth of population is seen.
• Due to large number of old people the death rate is high and due to a smaller number of young people birth rate is low.
• Tertiary activities are more developed and they contribute more to the economy.
• The standard of living of people is high, economic condition of the country is good.
• In this stage government provides high quality educational and medical facilities.
• Overall people are happy due to healthy environment and comfortable life.
• For example, Norway, Sweden, Finland are in this stage.

Question 5.
Population characteristics in Stage 1 and Stage 2 in Demographic Transition theory
Answer:

Stage 1	Stage 2
(i) Both birth rates and death rates are high.	(i) Birth rates are constant and death rates are declining.
(ii) Population growth is stable.	(ii) Population grows rapidly.
(iii) Low sanitation, high occurrence of contagious diseases.	(iii) Efforts are made to control and combat diseases.
(iv) Due to lack of medical facilities and malnutrition mortality rate is high.	(iv) Reduction in mortality rate.
(v) People depend on agriculture and other primary activities.	(v) Secondary activities and transport developed
(vi) No country falls in this category.	(vi) Most of the developing countries fall in this category.

Question 6.
Population composition and Population structure
Answer:

Population composition	Population structure
(i) Population composition covers all the characteristics of population that can be measured.	(i) Composition of population gives idea about the structure of population.
(ii) On the basis of composition, we can classify and understand it’s characteristics.	(ii) Population structure gives idea about dependency ratio and its impact on economy of the country.
(iii) Examples of population composition are age structure, sex ratio, literacy rate, occupational structure etc.	(iii) For example, age composition gives idea about percentage of young, adult and old age population.

Question 7.
Population characteristics in Stage 4 and Stage 5 in Demographic Transition Theory.
Answer:

Stage 4	Stage 5
(i) Improvement in the economic status of the citizens.	(i) High economic status of the citizens of the country.
(ii) Secondary and tertiary occupations have higher share than primary occupations.	(ii) Tertiary occupation contribute most towards the economy.
(iii) Population growth is almost minimal.	(iii) Population may reduce because of lower birth rate than death rate.
(iv) USA is passing through this stage.	(iv) Sweden and Finland population are in this stage.

Question 8.
Early expanding stage and Late expanding stage
Answer:

Early expanding stage	Late expanding stage
(i) Birth rates continue to remain constant.	(i) Death rates continue to decrease. Birth rates are also decreasing.
(ii) Population grows rapidly.	(ii) Rate of growth of population reduces.
(iii) Agricultural and industrial production increases.	(iii) Rise in technological growth and expansion of secondary and tertiary activities.
(iv) For e.g., Uganda, Congo, Bangladesh, Niger etc.	(iv) For e.g., China.

Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Explain the human factors affecting distribution of population.
Answer:
Important human factors affecting distribution of population are
(i) Agriculture
(ii) Mining
(iii) Transportation
(iv) Urbanisation
(v) Government policy

(i) Agriculture

• Due to use of fertilizers and irrigation facilities, agricultural production increases and it supports large number of people.
• The method of cultivation, crops grown, types of agriculture and specialisation in particular crop are the other factors that affects the distribution of population.

(ii) Mining

• Minerals are the important raw materials for the development of industries.
• Industries develop in mineral rich areas and generate employment for skilled and unskilled labour. People are attracted in such areas and thus density of population increases.
• For example, richest mineralised zone of India – Chota Nagpur region in India is densely populated.

(iii) Transportation

• Regions having well developed network of transportation facilities are densely populated.
• Transportation network increases accessibility and helps to develop industries and generate employment and increases density of population.
• On the other hand, the areas where transport facilities are not developed, movement of goods and people become difficult and time consuming and therefore density of population is less.

(iv) Urbanisation

• Due to the development of industries, there is growth of towns and cities.
• In cities transportation, trade and other tertiary activities develop on large scale to fulfil the needs of increasing population.
• People are attracted to city areas due to better employment opportunities, educational and medical facilities, development of means of transport and communication and thus population goes on increasing. For e.g. Mumbai, London, Tokyo, New York.

(v) Government policy

• There is direct effect of government policies on density and distribution of population.
• Sometimes the government encourages people to settle in certain areas to reduce the pressure of population in certain cities. The government provides incentives to attract people.
• For example, to reduce overcrowding in Mumbai city, government provided land, water, and power at concessional rate in New Mumbai area.

Maharashtra State Board HSC 12th Geography Important Questions and Answers

• Chapter 1 Population Part 1 Important Questions
• Chapter 2 Population Part 2 Important Questions
• Chapter 3 Human Settlements and Land Use Important Questions
• Chapter 4 Primary Economic Activities Important Questions
• Chapter 5 Secondary Economic Activities Important Questions
• Chapter 6 Tertiary Economic Activities Important Questions
• Chapter 7 Region and Regional Development Important Questions
• Chapter 8 Geography: Nature and Scope Important Questions

Maharashtra Board 12th HSC Important Questions