Class 10

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Solutions Lokbharti Chapter 4 मन Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Lokbharti Chapter 4 मन

Hindi Lokbharti 10th Std Digest Chapter 4 मन Textbook Questions and Answers

कृति

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

प्रश्न 1.
लिखिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
कृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
उत्तर लिखिए:
a. मँझधार में डोले —-
b. छिपे हुए ——-
c. धुल गए ——-
d. अमर हुए ——-
उत्तर:
a. मँझधार में डोले – जीवन नैया।
b. छिपे हुए सितारे
c. घुल गए विषाद
d. अमर हुए गीतों के स्वर।

प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित काव्य पंक्तियों का केंद्रीय भाव स्पष्ट कीजिए:
a. चलतीं साथ पटरियाँ रेल की फिर भी मौन।
b. काँटों के बीच खिलखिलाता फूल देता प्रेरणा।
उत्तर:
a. रेल की पटरियाँ अनंत काल से साथ चल रही हैं, परंतु वे सदा मौन रहती हैं। एक-दूसरे से कभी बात नहीं करती।
b. गुलाब का फूल काँटों के बीच भी हँसता है, खिलखिलाता है। वह हमें हर पल प्रेरणा देता है कि हमें परेशानियों से घबराए बिना अपना काम करते जाना है।

उपयोजित लेखन

वक्तृत्व प्रतियोगिता में प्रथम स्थान पाने के उपलक्ष्य में आपके मित्र/सहेली ने आपको बधाई पत्र भेजा है, उसे धन्यवाद देते हुए निम्न प्रारूप में पत्र लिखिए:
दिनांक: ……………………….
संबोधन: ……………………….
अभिवादन: ……………………….

प्रारंभ:
विषय विवेचन:
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………

तुम्हारा/तुम्हारी,
……………………….
नाम: ……………………….
पता: ……………………….
ई-मेल आईडी: ……………………….
उत्तर:
दिनांक: 25/8/20
प्रिय अविनाश,
नमस्ते!
तुम्हारा पत्र अभी-अभी मिला। धन्यवाद।
अंतर विद्यालय वक्तृत्व प्रतियोगिता में प्रथम स्थान पाने के लिए तुम्हारा बधाई-पत्र मिला। पत्र पाकर दिल गदगद हो गया। वास्तव में मेरी इस सफलता में तुम जैसे मित्रों का मुझे सदा उत्साह दिलाते रहने का बड़ा हाथ है। तुम तो जानते हो, मंच पर बोलने में मुझे कितनी झिझक होती थी।

पर तुम जैसे मित्रों और हमारे कक्षा अध्यापक के निरंतर प्रोत्साहन से आज मुझे अंतर विद्यालय वक्तृत्व प्रतियोगिता में प्रथम स्थान प्राप्त करने का अवसर मिला है। में इसके लिए तुम जैसे अपने सभी मित्रों और अपने कक्षा अध्यापक नरेश कौशल जी का तहे दिल से आभारी हूँ।

मेरा, उत्साह बढ़ाने के लिए धन्यवाद!
तुम्हारा मित्र
राजेश शर्मा।
17, विमल मेंशन,
महात्मा गांधी रोड,
औरंगाबाद।
ई-मेल आईडी: [email protected]

Hindi Lokbharti 10th Textbook Solutions Chapter 4 मन Additional Important Questions and Answers

कृतिपत्रिका के प्रश्न 3 (आ) के लिए)
पद्यांश क्र. 1

प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)

(1) उत्तर लिखिए:
(i) खिले हुए ……………………….
उत्तर:
(i) खिले हुए – फूल।

कृति 2: (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

प्रश्न.
फागुन के महीने में प्रकृति रंगों से रंग जाती है। इस विषय पर 25 से 30 शब्दों में अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर:
फागुन का महीना बहुत महत्त्वपूर्ण होता है। इस महीने में प्रकृति में चारों ओर नवीनता दिखाई देती है। खेत सरसों के पीले-पीले फूलों से भर जाते हैं। इन्हें देखकर ऐसा लगता है जैसे जमीन पर पीले रंग की विशाल चादरें बिछाई दी गई हों। बीच-बीच में अलसी के नीले-नीले फूल पीले रंग पर छाप जैसे लगते हैं। पलाश के वन लाल रंग के बड़े-बड़े फूलों से लद जाते हैं।

दूर से इन वनों को देखकर ऐसा लगता है, मानो पेड़ों से आग की लपटें निकल रही हों। विभिन्न प्रकार के पेड़ों पर गुलाबी रंग की नई-नई कोंपलें आ जाती हैं। इन्हें देखकर लगता है जैसे ये पेड़ गुलाबी रंग के वस्त्रों से सज गए हैं। इनके अतिरिक्त फागुन के महीने में ही तो होली का त्योहार आता है जब चारों ओर तरह-तरह के रंगों और अबीर-गुलाल की बहार आ जाती है। लोग खुशी से एक-दूसरे को रंगों से सराबोर कर देते हैं। इस तरह फागुन के महीने में प्रकृति तरह-तरह के रंगों से रँग जाती है।

पद्यांश क्र. 2

प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)

(1) उचित जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए:

‘अ’	‘आ’
(i) मछली	मौन
(ii) गीतों के स्वर	सूना
(iii) रेल की पटरियाँ	प्यासी
(iv) आकाश	अमर
	पीड़ा

उत्तर:

(2) परिणाम लिखिए:
(i) सितारों का छिपना।
(ii) तुम्हारा गीतों को स्वर देना।
उत्तर
(i) सूना आकाश
(ii) गीतों का अमर होना।

(3) मन की ……………………. बरसी आँखें। इस हाइकु का सरल अर्थ लिखिए।
उत्तर
जब मन की पीड़ा बहुत गहरी हो जाती है, तो वह बादल बनकर आँसुओं के रूप में बरसने लगती है।

(4) तालिका पूर्ण कीजिए:

कृति 2: (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

प्रश्न.
‘आँखें देखने के अलावा और भी कई तरह के काम करती हैं’, इस विषय पर 25 से 30 शब्दों में अपने विचार स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर:
मनुष्य के शरीर में विभिन्न अंग होते हैं और वे अपनाअपना निर्धारित काम करते हैं। कुछ अंगों से निर्धारित कामों के अलावा और भी कई तरह के काम लिए जाते हैं। आँखें हमारे शरीर का महत्त्वपूर्ण अंग हैं। इनसे देखने का काम तो लिया ही जाता है, साथ ही साथ और भी कई काम लिए जाते हैं। आँखों से तरह-तरह के इशारे किए जाते हैं, जिन्हें सामनेवाला आदमी आसानी से समझ लेता है। आँखें तरेरकर क्रोध प्रकट किया जाता है।

आँखें झुकाकर शर्म प्रदर्शित की जाती है। मन में छुपी दुख देने वाली भावनाओं को आँखों में आँसू लाकर प्रकट किया जाता है। मन भारी होने पर लोग रोकर अपना मन हल्का करते हैं। कोई अचंभेवाली घटना होने पर वाणी के साथ-साथ आँखों से भी भाव प्रदर्शित होता है। आँखों का एक आवश्यक काम मनुष्य को निद्रावस्था में ले जाकर उसे आराम दिलाना है। इस तरह आँखें देखने के अलावा कई महत्त्वपूर्ण काम करती हैं।

मन Summary in Hindi

मन कविता का सरल अर्थ

1. घना अंधेरा ……………………………. आई बहार।

जब अँधेरा घना होता है, तब प्रकाश और अधिक चमकता है अर्थात जब प्रतिकूल परिस्थितियाँ घने अंधकार के रूप में हमें घेर लेती हैं, तब वहीं से एकाएक प्रकाश की किरणें फूट पड़ती हैं।

हमें पूरा जीवन काम करते रहना चाहिए। यह नहीं सोचना चाहिए कि हमें क्या प्राप्त होगा।

जीवन रूपी नैया यदि संसार रूपी सागर में डगमगा रही है, तो उसे कोई अन्य सँभालने के लिए नहीं आएगा। हमें स्वयं उसे पार लगाने के लिए प्रयास करना होगा।

फागुन का महीना अपने संग बसंत के विविध रंग लेकर आया है। यह समय उल्लास और उमंग का समय है। अतः हम सभी को कुछ समय के लिए चिंताओं और परेशानियों को भूलकर बसंत ऋतु का आनंद लेना चाहिए।

गुलाब का फूल काँटों के बीच भी हंसता है, खिलखिलाता है। वह हमें हर पल प्रेरणा देता है कि परेशानियों से घबराए बिना अपना काम करते जाना है।

जब नेत्रों से अश्रु बहते हैं, तो यह मानना चाहिए कि मन की कुंठा नयन रूपी द्वार से बाहर आ रही है।

2. खारे जल ……………………………. प्यासी ही रही। . . .

जब नेत्रों से अश्रु बहते हैं तो यह समझना चाहिए कि आँसुओं के खारे जल के साथ मन का संपूर्ण विषाद धुल गया है और मन पहले के समान पावन हो गया है।

प्रत्येक मनुष्य के जीवन में अनेक परेशानियाँ हैं, चिंताएँ हैं, और हैं अप्रिय प्रसंग। ऐसे में जीवन रूपी संग्राम में डटे रहना हमारी जिजीविषा का प्रमाण है।

जब आकाश में बादल बहुत घने होते हैं, तभी वर्षा होती है। उसी प्रकार जब मन की पीड़ा बहुत गहरी हो जाती है, तो वह बादल बनकर आँसुओं के रूप में बरसने लगती है।

रेल की पटरियाँ अनंत काल से साथ चल रही हैं, परंतु वे सदा मौन रहती हैं। एक-दूसरे से कभी बात नहीं करती।

सितारे आकाश का शृंगार हैं। वे आकाश की शोभा बढ़ाते हैं। जैसे ही सितारे बादलों की ओट में छिपे, आकाश सूना हो जाता है। ठीक इसी प्रकार कुछ लोग हमारे जीवन में अत्यंत महत्त्वपूर्ण होते हैं। उनके चले जाने पर या विमुख हो जाने पर मानो हमारा जीवन निरर्थक हो जाता है।

कवि के अंदर अनोखी सामर्थ्य होती है। वह जिन गीतों को स्वर देता है, वे अमर हो जाते हैं। इसी प्रकार कवि अपनी रचनाओं के द्वारा समाज में परिवर्तन ला सकता है।

सागर में अथाह जलराशि होती है, परंतु खारा होने के कारण अथाह होने पर भी वह जलराशि पीने योग्य नहीं होती। उसी प्रकार कोई व्यक्ति कितना भी बड़ा या धनवान क्यों न हो, यदि वह किसी जरूरतमंद के काम नहीं आ सकता तो उसका बड़प्पन व्यर्थ है।

मन विषय-प्रवेश:

प्रस्तुत कविता ‘मन’ जापान की लोकप्रिय विधा हाइकु’ पर आधारित है। यह विधा हिंदी साहित्य में स्वीकृति पा चुकी है। इस विधा को विश्व की सबसे छोटी कविता का स्थान प्राप्त है। इस कविता में कवि ने तीन-तीन छोटी पंक्तियों में अलग-अलग घटनाओं को सुंदर ढंग से पिरोया है। प्रस्तुत कविता की यह अपनी विशेषता है।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Solutions Lokbharti Chapter 3 वाह रे! हमदर्द Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Lokbharti Chapter 3 वाह रे! हमदर्द

Hindi Lokbharti 10th Std Digest Chapter 3 वाह रे! हमदर्द Textbook Questions and Answers

कृति

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

प्रश्न 1.
संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए:
प्राइवेट अस्पताल – सार्वजनिक अस्पताल
१. …………………….. – १. ……………………..
प्राइवेट वार्ड – जनरल वार्ड
१. …………………….. – १. ……………………..
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
आकृति में लिखिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 4.
कारण लिखिए
a. लेखक को अधिक गुस्सा अपनी पत्नी पर आया ……………………..
b. लेखक कहते हैं कि मेरी दूसरी टाँग उस जगह तोड़ना जहाँ कोई परिचित न हो ……………………..
उत्तर:
a. आगंतुक को रोते देखकर लेखक की पत्नी ने उसे कोई रिश्तेदार या करीबी मित्र समझकर टैक्सीवाले को किराये के पैसे दे दिए थे।
b. उस जगह लेखक के परिचित होंगे तो लेखक से समय-असमय मिलने आकर तंग करेंगे।

प्रश्न 5.
शब्दसमूह के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए:
a. वह स्थान जहाँ अनेक प्रकार के पशु-पक्षी रखे जाते हैं – ……………………..
b. जहाँ मुफ्त में भोजन मिलता है – ……………………..
उत्तर:
(i) चिड़ियाघर
(ii) लंगर (भंडारा)।

प्रश्न 6.
शब्द बनाइए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 7.
अभिव्यक्ति- मरीज से मिलने जाते समय कौन-कौन-सी सावधानियां बरतनी चाहिए, लिखिए।
उत्तर:
प्राय: सभी को कभी-न-कभी मरीजों से मिलने अस्पताल में जाना पड़ता है। मरीज से मिलने जाते समय कुछ सावधानियाँ बरतना अत्यंत आवश्यक है। मरीज से मिलने जाते समय हमें इस बात का ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि हमारी वजह से उसे कोई कष्ट न पहुँचे। बच्चे चुलबुले होते हैं। इसलिए मरीज के पास बच्चों को नहीं लेकर जाना चाहिए। बीमारी में दवा और पथ्य के साथ मरीज को आराम व अच्छी नींद आवश्यक है।

अत: मरीज के पास ज्यादा देर तक बैठना, जोर-जोर से बोलना, मरीज की बीमारी के बारे में नकारात्मक बातें करना आदि उचित नहीं है। जहाँ तक हो सके, मरीज का उत्साह बढ़ाना चाहिए। अस्पताल में डॉक्टर मरीज को उसकी आवश्यकता के अनुसार दवाएँ देते हैं। इसलिए मरीज से देसी नुस्खे आजमाने की बातें नहीं करनी चाहिए और न ही डॉक्टर की दवा के बारे में रोगी के मन में किसी तरह का भ्रम पैदा करना चाहिए।

भाषा बिंदु
प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में आए हुए संज्ञा शब्दों को रेखांकित करके उनके भेद लिखिए:
1. सोनाबाई अपने चार बच्चों के साथ आई। ……………………..
2. गाय बहुत दूध देती है। ……………………..
3. मैं रोज ईश्वर से प्रार्थना करता हैं। ……………………..
4. सैनिकों की टुकड़ी आगे बढ़ी। ……………………..
5. सोना-चाँदी और भी महँगे होते जा रहे हैं। ……………………..
6. गोवा देख मैं तरंगायित हो उठा। ……………………..
7. युवकों का दल बचाव कार्य में लगा था। ……………………..
8. आपने विदेश में भ्रमण तो कर लिया है। ……………………..
9. इस कहानी में भारतीय समाज का चित्रण मिलता है। ……………………..
10. सागर का जल खारा होता है। ……………………..
उत्तर:
1. सोनाबाई – व्यक्तिवाचक बच्चों – जातिवाचक।
2. गाय – जातिवाचक दूध – द्रव्यवाचक।
3. ईश्वर – जातिवाचक प्रार्थना- भाववाचक।
4. सैनिकों – जातिवाचक टुकड़ी – समूहवाचक।
5. सोना-चाँदी – द्रव्यवाचक।
6. गोवा – व्यक्तिवाचक।
7. युवकों – जातिवाचक दल – समूहवाचक। कार्य – भाववाचकी
8. विदेश – जातिवाचक भ्रमण – भाववाचका
9. कहानी – जातिवाचक समाज- समूहवाचक। चित्रण- भाववाचक।
10. सागर – जातिवाचक जल – द्रव्यवाचक।

प्रश्न 2.
पाठ में प्रयुक्त किन्हीं पाँच संज्ञाओं को ढूँढकर उनका वाक्यों में प्रयोग कीजिए।
उत्तर:

• साइकिल – मुझे साइकिल चलाना नहीं आता।
• जोश – कई लोग जोश में होश खो बैठते हैं।
• रेत – आन्या को सागर तट पर रेत का घर बनाना बहुत पसंद है।
• आत्मा – प्रत्येक आत्मा परमात्मा का अंश होती है।
• बंदर – बंदर और बच्चे एक जैसे शरारती होते हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों के रिक्त स्थानों में उचित सर्वनामों का प्रयोग कीजिए:
1. …………………….. सार्वजनिक अस्पताल के प्राइवेट वार्ड में हैं।
2. …………………….. बाजार जाओ।
3. …………………….. कारखाने में एक ही विभाग में काम करते थे।
4. इसे लेकर …………………….. क्या करोगे?
5. हृदय …………………….. है; …………………….. उदार हो।
6. लोग …………………….. कमरा स्वच्छ कर रहे हैं।
7. …………………….. रिसॉर्ट हमने पहले से बुक कर लिया है।
8. इसके बाद …………………….. लोग दिन भर पणजी देखते रहे।
9. …………………….. इसके पहले उसे मना करता।
10. काम करने के लिए कहा है …………………….. करो।
उत्तर:
1. वे सार्वजनिक अस्पताल के प्राइवेट वार्ड में हैं।
2. तुम बाजार जाओ।
3. हम कारखाने में एक ही विभाग में काम करते थे।
4. इसे लेकर तुम क्या करोगे।
5. हृदय वही है; तुम उदार हो।
6. लोग स्वयं कमरा साफ कर रहे हैं।
7. मैं रिसॉर्ट हमने पहले से बुक कर लिया है।
8. इसके बाद हम लोग दिन भर पणजी देखते रहे।
9. मैं इसके पहले उसे मना करता।
10. काम करने के लिए कहा है वही करो।

प्रश्न 4.
पाठ में प्रयुक्त सर्वनाम ढूँढ़कर उनका स्वतंत्र वाक्यों में प्रयोग कीजिए।
उत्तर:

• मैंने
  वाक्य: मैंने रेत का घर बनाया।
• तुझे
  वाक्य: शिक्षिका ने तुझे बुलाया है, मनन।
• वे
  वाक्य: वे मेरे चाचा हैं।
• कोई
  वाक्य: बाहर कोई है।
• आप
  वाक्य: कल आप कहाँ थे?
• मुझसे
  वाक्य: माँ ने गुस्से में कहा, मुझसे बात मत करो।
• उन्होंने
  वाक्य: उन्होंने मुझे घर तक पहुँचाया।
• मुझे।
  वाक्य: मुझे नींद आ रही है।

उपयोजित लेखन

प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित मुद्दों के आधार पर किसी समारोह का वृत्तांत लेखन कीजिए:

• स्थान
• तिथि और समय
• प्रमुख अतिथि
• समारोह
• अतिथि संदेश
• समापन

उत्तर:
गांधी जयंती पर गांधी जी का स्मरण
अकोला, 3 अक्तूबर। अकोला के सरदार पटेल विद्यालय में कल 2 अक्तूबर को गांधी जयंती समारोह का आयोजन किया गया। विद्यालय में समारोह सुबह 10 बजे आयोजित किया जाना था। विद्यालय के विद्यार्थी 9 बजे से ही अपने-अपने स्थान पर बैठ गए थे।

विद्यालय के सभी अध्यापक मंच पर खादी का कुर्ता-पाजामा और खादी टोपी पहनकर विराजमान थे। प्रमुख अतिथि के रूप में शहर के वयोवृद्ध गांधीवादी जनार्दन पाटील उपस्थित थे। मंच पर गांधी जी की तस्वीर सुशोभित हो रही थी।

समारोह की शुरुआत ‘वंदे मातरम्’ गीत से हुई। विद्यालय के प्रधानाचार्य राम रतन जोशी ने उपस्थित लोगों का परिचय दिया और देश के लिए गांधी जी के योगदान की चर्चा की।

प्रमुख अतिथि जनार्दन पाटील ने गांधी जी के जीवन की कई घटनाओं के बारे में बताया। उन्होंने गांधी जी के हमेशा सत्य बोलने के आग्रह के बारे में बताया और कहा कि हमें सत्य के मार्ग पर चलना चाहिए। अपने लाभ के लिए कभी झूठ का सहारा नहीं लेना चाहिए।

विद्यालय के उपमुख्याध्यापक सुधीर देशपांडे ने प्रमुख अतिथि के प्रति आभार व्यक्त किया।

राष्ट्रगान के साथ समारोह का समापन हुआ।

Hindi Lokbharti 10th Textbook Solutions Chapter 3 वाह रे! हमदर्द Additional Important Questions and Answers

कृतिपत्रिका के प्रश्न 1 (अ) तथा 1(आ) के लिए

गद्यांश क्र.1

प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
प्रवाह तालिका पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

कृति 2: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए:

उत्तर:

कृति 3: (शब्द संपंदा)

प्रश्न 1.
सूचना के अनुसार लिखिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
गद्यांश में प्रयुक्त उर्दू शब्द ढूँढकर लिखिए।
(i) ………………….
(ii) ………………….
(iii) ………………….
(iv) ………………….
उत्तर:
(i) जवाब
(ii) फिक्र
(ii) तकलीफ
(iv) मरीज।

प्रश्न 3.
गद्यांश में प्रयुक्त शब्द-युग्म ढूँढकर लिखिए।
(i) ………………….
(ii) ………………….
(ii) ………………….
(iv) ………………….
उत्तर:
(ii) मिलने-जुलने
(iii) सही-सलामत
(iv) परिचित-अपरिचित।

प्रश्न 4.
गद्यांश में प्रयुक्त उपसर्गयुक्त शब्द ढूँढ़कर उनके मूल शब्द और उपसर्ग अलग करके लिखिए।
(i) ………………….
(ii) ………………….
(iii) ………………….
उत्तर:
(i) अपरिचित = अ + परिचित।
(ii) दुर्घटना = दुर् + घटना।
(iii) हमदर्दी = हम + दर्दी।

कृति 4: (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

प्रश्न.
सार्वजनिक अस्पतालों में मरीजों को होने वाली परेशानियों के विषय में अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर:
देश में अनगिनत निजी अस्पताल हैं, परंतु देश की आधी से अधिक गरीब जनता सार्वजनिक अस्पतालों पर ही निर्भर है। इन अस्पतालों की हालत बहुत दयनीय है। इन अस्पतालों की एक्स-रे आदि मशीनों का कोई ठिकाना नहीं होता। गरीबों को वहाँ इलाज के स्थान पर तकलीफ ही मिलती है। सार्वजनिक अस्पतालों में समय पर डॉक्टर नहीं मिलते। डॉक्टर यदि मिल भी जाता है, तो दवाइयाँ नहीं मिलती।

इसलिए मरीजों को महँगे दामों पर बाहर से दवाएँ खरीदने को बाध्य होना पड़ता है। इसके अलावा डॉक्टर के साथ-साथ अस्पताल के कर्मचारियों का व्यवहार भी रोगियों के प्रति बहुत खराब होता है। ऐसे में इन अस्पतालों में मरीज का ढंग से इलाज नहीं हो पाता। इसलिए लोग इन अस्पतालों में जाने से कतराते हैं।

गद्यांश क्र.2
प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
वाक्य पूर्ण कीजिए:
(i) इनकी हमदर्दी में यह बात खास छिपी रहती है ………………………..।
(ii) उस दिन सोनाबाई अपने चार बच्चों के साथ आई तो ………………………..।
उत्तर:
(1) इनकी हमदर्दी में यह बात खास छिपी रहती है कि देख बेटा, वक्त सब पर आता है।
(ii) उस दिन सोनाबाई अपने चार बच्चों के साथ आई तो मुझे लगा कि आज फिर कोई दुर्घटना होगी।

प्रश्न 2.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

कृति 2: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:
(i) दर्द के मारे एक तो मरीज को वैसे ही यह नहीं आती – [ ]
(ii) कुछ लोग सिर्फ यह निभाने आते हैं – [ ]
(iii) इन लोगों को मरीज से यह नहीं होती – [ ]
(iv) कब मेरी टाँग टूटे, कब वे अपना यह चुकाएँ – [ ]
उत्तर:
(i) दर्द के मारे एक तो मरीज को वैसे ही यह नहीं आती [नींद]
(ii) कुछ लोग सिर्फ यह निभाने आते हैं – [औपचारिकता]
(iii) इन लोगों को मरीज से यह नहीं होती – [हमदर्दी]
(iv) कब मेरी टाँग टूटे, कब वे अपना यह चुकाएँ – [एहसान]

प्रश्न 2.
विधानों के सामने सत्य /असत्य लिखिए:
(i) मैंने तय किया कि आज मैं आँख ही नहीं खोलूँगा।
(ii) ऑफिस के बड़े साहब आए।
(iii) उन्होंने मेरी टाँग के टूटे हिस्से को जोर से दबाया।
(iv) कहिए, अब सिरदर्द कैसा है?
उत्तर:
(i) सत्य
(ii) असत्य
(iii) सत्य
(iv) असत्य।

प्रश्न 3.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

कृति 3: (शब्द संपदा)

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों का वचन बदलकर लिखिए:
(i) बेटा
(ii) टाँग
(iii) दुर्घटनाएँ
(iv) हिस्सा।
उत्तर:
(i) बेटा – बेटे
(ii) नींद – स्त्रीलिंग
(iii) दुर्घटनाएँ – दुर्घटना
(iv) वक्त – पुल्लिग।

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के लिंग पहचानकर लिखिए:
(i) दिन
(ii) नींद
(ii) फुरसत
(iv) वक्त।
उत्तर:
(i) दिन – पुल्लिग
(ii) आँख = नयन
(iii) फुरसत – स्त्रीलिंग
(iv) वक्त = समय।

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के समानार्थी शब्द लिखिए:
(i) नींद
(ii) आँख
(iii) दर्द
(iv) वक्त।
उत्तर:
(i) नींद = निद्रा
(iii) दर्द = पीड़ा
(ii) टाँग – टाँगें
(iv) हिस्सा – हिस्से।

गद्यांश क्र. 3

प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
कारण लिखिए:

(i) आगंतुक ने जब लेखक से आँख मिलाई तो एकदम चुप हो गया …………………………
उत्तर:
(i) आगंतुक किसी अन्य मरीज से मिलने आया था।

प्रश्न 2.
ऐसे दो प्रश्न बनाइए, जिनके उत्तर: निम्नलिखित हों:

(i) दवा की शीशी
(ii) औपचारिकता।
उत्तर:
(i) सोनाबाई की लड़की ने क्या पटक दी?
(ii) कुछ लोग क्या निभाने की हद कर देते हैं?

कृति 2: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
गद्यांश में उल्लिखित शरीर के अंगों के नाम:

उत्तर:

कृति 3: (शब्द संपदा)

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिखिए:
(i) सिर
(ii) रोना
(iii) गलत
(iv) गुस्सा।
उत्तर:
(i) सिर x पैर
(ii) रोना x हँसना
(iii) गलत x सही
(iv) गुस्सा x प्यार।

प्रश्न 2.
गद्यांश में प्रयुक्त अंग्रेजी शब्द ढूँढकर लिखिए।
(i) …………………………
(ii) …………………………
(iii) …………………………
(iv) …………………………
उत्तर:
(i) टेबल
(ii) डांस
(iii) टैक्सी
(iv) प्रैक्टिस।

कृति 4: (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

प्रश्न.
‘शकुन-अपशकुन’ के बारे में अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर:
शकुन-अपशकुन समाज में प्रचलित एक अवधारणा है। इसमें यह माना जाता है कि कुछ विशेष प्रकार की परिघटनाएँ हमारे भविष्य का संकेत देती हैं। अनुकूल भविष्यवाणी करने वाले संकेतों को शुभ शकुन और प्रतिकूल भविष्यवाणी करने वाले संकेतों को अपशकुन कहा जाता है। हमारे देश में ही नहीं, अपितु संसार भर में लोग शकुन-अपशकुन पर विश्वास करते हैं। भारतीय संस्कृति में शकुन-अपशकुन का वर्णन वेदों, पुराणों और धार्मिक ग्रंथों में भी मिलता है।

काली बिल्ली द्वारा रास्ता काट जाना, किसी कार्य को आरंभ करते समय किसी का छींक देना, घर से बाहर जाते हुए व्यक्ति को किसी के द्वारा टोका जाना आदि समाज में बहुप्रचलित अपशकुन हैं। इन अपशकुनों को मानने वालों की संख्या कम नहीं है। इन अपशकुनों के चक्कर में आकर कभी-कभी लोगों को हानि भी उठानी पड़ती है, फिर भी वे इन्हें मानने से नहीं चूकते। ये मान्यताएँ मनुष्य को कमजोर बनाती हैं। वैज्ञानिक दृष्टि से इन शकुन-अपशकुनों को अंधविश्वास ही माना जाता है।

गद्यांश क्र.4

प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
कारण लिखिए:

(i) लेखक ने बड़ी मुश्किल से कवि लपकानंद को विदा किया …………………………
उत्तर:
(i) कवि लपकानंद जब कविता सुनाना शुरू करते, तो रुकने का नाम नहीं लेते थे।

कृति 2: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
ऐसे दो प्रश्न बनाइए, जिनके उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हों:
(i) डायरी
(ii) बड़े बेवफा।
उत्तर:
(i) कवि ने झोले से क्या निकाली?
(ii) हमदर्दी जताने वाले कैसे होते हैं?

प्रश्न 3.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

कृति 3: (शब्द संपदा)

प्रश्न 1.
गद्यांश में प्रयुक्त शब्द-युग्म ढूंढकर उनको वाक्यों में प्रयोग कीजिए।
(i) …………………………
(ii) …………………………
उत्तर:
(i) दस-बीस – गोदाम में दस-बीस किलो गेहूँ पड़ा है।
(ii) चार-पाँच – चार-पाँच लड़कों को भेजो, कक्षा का फर्नीचर बाहर निकलवाना है।

कृति 4: (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

प्रश्न.
कवियों की कविता सुनाने की आदत के बारे में अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर:
कवि दो प्रकार के होते हैं। एक वे, जो सचमुच कवि होते हैं और अपने विचारों को मथकर उन्हें सुंदर और सुरुचिपूर्ण शब्दों के माध्यम से कागज पर उतारते हैं। उनकी कविता सुनकर श्रोता को आनंद के साथ-साथ एक दिशा भी मिलती है। दूसरे प्रकार के कवि वे होते हैं, जो अंत:करण से कवि नहीं होते। वे जबरन कवि बनकर कविता लिखना चाहते हैं। इनकी कविता कविता न होकर शब्दों का बेतरतीब समूह होती है।

जोड़-तोड़कर कविता तैयार करते ही ये श्रोता की तलाश करने लगते हैं और जो भी सामने मिल जाता है, उसे अपनी कविता सुनाए बिना नहीं छोड़ते। इनकी कविता सुनने के लिए कोई आसानी से तैयार नहीं होता। पर विद्वान कवि कभी अपनी कविता सुनाने की कोशिश नहीं करते। उनकी कविता सारगर्मित होती है और वे हर किसी को कविता सुनाते नहीं फिरते।

भाषा अध्ययन (व्याकरण)

प्रश्न.
सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

1. शब्द भेद:
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में अधोरेखांकित शब्दों के शब्दभेद पहचानकर लिखिए:
(i) मैं अपनी टाँगों की ओर देखता हूँ।
(ii) मेरे दिमाग में एक नये मुहावरे का जन्म हुआ।
(iii) सोनाबाई के बच्चे खेलने लगे।
उत्तर:
(i) मैं – पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम।
(ii) नये – गुणवाचक विशेषण।
(iii) सोनाबाई – व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा।

2. अव्यय:
निम्नलिखित अव्ययों का अपने वाक्यों में प्रयोग कीजिए:
(i) अकसर
(ii) इर्द-गिर्द
(iii) धीरे-धीरे।
उत्तर:
(i) मैं लपकानंद को देखकर अकसर भाग खड़ा होता हूँ।
(ii) मेरे इर्द-गिर्द अनेक लोग खड़े थे।
(iii) बड़े बाबू धीरे-धीरे मुझे हिलाने लगे।

3. संधि:
कृति पूर्ण कीजिए:।

उत्तर:

4. सहायक क्रिया:
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में से सहायक क्रियाएँ पहचानकर उनका मूल रूप लिखिए:
(i) अस्पताल का खयाल आते ही में काँप उठा।
(ii) कोई भी आए मैं चुपचाप पड़ा रहूँगा।
(iii) बच्चे खेलने लगे।
उत्तर:
सहायक क्रिया – मूल रूप
(i) उठा – उठना
(ii) रहूँगा – रहना
(iii) लगे – लगना

5. प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया:
निम्नलिखित क्रियाओं के प्रथम प्रेरणार्थक और द्वितीय ‘ प्रेरणार्थक रूप लिखिए:

क्रिया	प्रथम प्रेरणार्थक रूप	द्वितीय प्रेरणार्थक रूप
(i) मानना
(ii) लिखना
(ii) जलना

उत्तर:

6. मुहावरे:
(1) निम्नलिखित कहावत का अर्थ लिखिए और वाक्य में प्रयोग कीजिए:
ढाक के तीन पात।
अर्थ: सदा एक-सी स्थिति।
वाक्य: छगनलाल ने सालभर में कई व्यवसाय बदले, पर हालत आज भी वही है ढाक के तीन पात।

(2) अधोरेखांकित वाक्यांश के लिए उचित मुहावरे का चयन कर वाक्य फिर से लिखिए:
सुमधुर गायन सुनकर श्रोताओं ने गायक की प्रशंसा की। (सराहना करना, बोलबाला होना)
उत्तर:
अर्थ: सराहना करना।
वाक्य: सुमधुर गायन सुनकर श्रोताओं ने गायक की सराहना की।

7. कारक:
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में प्रयुक्त कारक पहचानकर उनका भेद लिखिए:
(i) मैंने उन्हें जल्दी से चाय पिलाई।
(ii) आप अस्पताल में हैं।
उत्तर:
(i) मैंने – कर्ता कारक
(ii) अस्पताल में – अधिकरण कारक।

8. विरामचिह्न:
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में यथास्थान उचित विरामचिह्नों का प्रयोग करके वाक्य फिर से लिखिए:
(i) वे मुझे ऐसे देख रहे थे मानो उनकी एक आँख पूछ रही हो कहो कविता कैसी रही और दूसरी आँख पूछ रही हो बोल बेटा अब भी मुझसे भागेगा
(ii) सोनाबाई ने लड़की को घूरा फिर हँसते हुए बोली भैया पेड़े खिलाओ दवा गिरना शुभ होता है
(iii) मैंने कराहते हुए पूछा मैं कहाँ हूँ
उत्तर:
(i) वे मुझे ऐसे देख रहे थे, मानो उनकी एक आँख पूछ रही हो, ‘कहो, कविता कैसी रही?’ और दूसरी आँख पूछ रही हो, बोल, बेटा! अब भी मुझसे भागेगा?’
(ii) सोनाबाई ने लड़की को घूरा, फिर हँसते हुए बोली, “भैया, पेड़े खिलाओ, दवा गिरना शुभ होता है।”
(iii) मैंने कराहते हुए पूछा, “मैं कहाँ हूँ?”

9. काल परिवर्तन:
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का सूचना के अनुसार काल परिवर्तन कीजिए:
(i) एक चेहरा बड़ी तेजी से जवाब देता है। (पूर्ण वर्तमानकाल)
(ii) मेरी आँख खुलते ही सबके चेहरों पर प्रसन्नता की लहर दौड़ जाती है। (सामान्य भूतकाल)
(iii) सोनाबाई फिर आती है। (सामान्य भविष्यकाल)
उत्तर:
(i) एक चेहरे ने बड़ी तेजी से जवाब दिया है।
(ii) मेरी आँख खुलते ही सबके चेहरों पर प्रसन्नता की लहर दौड़ गई।
(iii) सोनाबाई फिर आएगी।

10. वाक्य भेद:
(1) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का रचना के आधार पर भेद पहचानकर लिखिए:
(i) जब आँख खुली तो मैंने स्वयं को बिस्तर पर पाया।
(ii) मैंने उसे जल्दी से चाय पिलाई और विदा किया।
उत्तर:
(i) मिश्र वाक्य
(ii) संयुक्त वाक्य।

(2) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का अर्थ के आधार पर दी गई सूचना के अनुसार परिवर्तन कीजिए:
(i) मेरी टाँग टूटना एक दुर्घटना थी। (प्रश्नवाचक)
(ii) आज फिर कोई दुर्घटना होगी। (इच्छावाचक)
उत्तर:
(i) क्या मेरी टाँग टूटना एक दुर्घटना थी?
(ii) आज फिर कोई दुर्घटना न हो।

11. वाक्य शुद्धिकरण:
निम्नलिखित वाक्य शुद्ध करके लिखिए:
(i) अब मैं अपने टाँगों की ओर देखता है।
(ii) सोनाबाई से एक पल लड़की को घूरी।
(iii) गुप्ता जी की कमरा शायद बगल में हैं।
उत्तर:
(i) अब मैं अपनी टाँगों की ओर देखता हूँ।
(ii) सोनाबाई ने एक पल लड़की को घूरा।
(iii) गुप्ता जी का कमरा शायद बगल में है।

उपक्रम/कृति/परियोजना

किसी सार्वजनिक या ग्राम पंचायत की सभा में अंगदान’ के बारे में अपने विचार प्रस्तुत कीजिए।
उत्तर:
आदरणीय सरपंच महोदय, पंच परमेश्वर तथा अन्य सभी उपस्थित सज्जनो, आज मैं आप सभी के समक्ष अंगदान के विषय में अपने विचार प्रस्तुत करना चाहता हूँ। अंगदान वह प्रक्रिया है, जिसमें किसी व्यक्ति के शरीर का कोई अंग उसकी व उसके परिवार की सहमति से हटाकर किसी अन्य व्यक्ति को दे दिया जाता है। इस प्रक्रिया द्वारा एक व्यक्ति को नया जीवन मिल जाता है।

प्रत्यारोपण के लिए गुर्दे, लिवर, फेफड़े, हृदय, हड्डियाँ, अस्थि मज्जा, त्वचा, अग्न्याशय, कॉर्निया, आँत आदि का दान दिया जाता है। अंगदान की प्रक्रिया को दुनिया भर में प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है। भारत में यह कानूनन वैध है। अंगदान समाज के लिए एक चमत्कार साबित हुआ है। हालाँकि माँग की तुलना में आपूर्ति बहुत कम है।

वाह रे! हमदर्द Summary in Hindi

वाह रे! हमदर्द विषय-प्रवेश :

अस्पताल में इलाज के लिए भर्ती हुए मरीज को देखने जाने की परंपरा समाज में पुरानी है। इससे मरीज को खुशी होती है और कुछ समय के लिए उसका ध्यान अपने कष्ट से हट जाता है। पर कुछ मिलने वाले ऐसे होते हैं, जो मरीज के लिए परेशानी का कारण बन जाते हैं। प्रस्तुत हास्य-व्यंग्यात्मक निबंध में लेखक ने दुर्घटना के माध्यम से एक ऐसी ही स्थिति का चित्रण किया है। निबंध में जहाँ एक ओर समाज में विद्यमान परोपकार की भावना पर प्रकाश डाला गया है, वहीं दूसरी ओर बड़े ही रोचक ढंग से हमदर्द लोगों की मानसिकता को भी चित्रित किया गया है। कभी-कभी हमदर्दी भी रोगी की मानसिक पीड़ा का कारण बन जाती है।

वाह रे! हमदर्द मुहावरे – अर्थ

• ड़ाना – बाधा डालना।
• काँप उठना – भयभीत होना।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Solutions Lokbharti Chapter 6 गिरिधर नागर Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Lokbharti Chapter 6 गिरिधर नागर

Hindi Lokbharti 10th Std Digest Chapter 6 गिरिधर नागर Textbook Questions and Answers

कृति

(कृतिपत्रिका के प्रश्न 2 (अ) तथा प्रश्न 2 (आ) के लिए)
सूचनानुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

प्रश्न 1.
संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
प्रवाह तालिका पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
इस अर्थ में आए शब्द लिखिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 4.
कन्हैया के नाम

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 5.
दूसरे पद का सरल अर्थ लिखिए।
उत्तर:
(i) निकट – ढिग
(ii) साजन – पति।

उपयोजित लेखन

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के आधार पर कहानी लेखन कीजिए तथा उचित शीर्षक दीजिए:
अलमारी, गिलहरी, चावल के पापड़, छोटा बच्चा
उत्तर:
जीव दया
एक गाँव में एक छोटा बच्चा रहता था। उसका नाम चिंटू था। एक दिन चिंटू अपने घर के बाहर खेल रहा था। उसने देखा कि सामने एक पेड़ के नीचे दो-तीन कौए किसी चीज पर चोंच मार रहे हैं और वहाँ से हल्की-हल्की चर्ची-चीं की आवाज आ रही है। चिंटू दौड़कर वहाँ पहुँचा और उसने उन कौओं को वहाँ से उड़ाया। उसने देखा कि एक छोटी-सी गिलहरी वहाँ ची-चीं कर रही थी। उसका शरीर कौओं की चोंच से घायल हो गया था। चिंटू ने अपनी जेब से रूमाल निकाला और डरे बिना धीरे से गिलहरी को उठा लिया। उसने घर के अंदर लाकर उसे पानी पिलाया, उसके घावों को साफ करके उन पर सोफामाइसिन लगाई और उसे मेज पर बैठा दिया।

गिलहरी कुछ देर बाद धीरे-धीरे मेज पर घूमने लगी। मेज पर एक प्लेट में चावल के पापड़ रखे थे। गिलहरी ने एक पापड़ उठाया और अपने अगले दोनों पंजों में पकड़कर धीरे-धीरे उसे खाने लगी। चिंटू को बहुत अच्छा लगा। उसने माँ से पूछा कि जब तक गिलहरी बिलकुल ठीक नहीं हो जाती क्या मैं उसे अपने पास रख सकता हूँ। अभी अगर वह बाहर जाएगी तो कौए उसे अपना आहार बना लेंगे। माँ को चिंटू की ऐसी सोच पर गर्व हुआ और उन्होंने खुशी-खुशी उसकी बात मान ली। चिंटू ने अपनी किताबों की खुली आलमारी के एक खाने में एक तौलिया बिछाकर गिलहरी को बैठा दिया। उसके पास चावल के कुछ पापड़ तथा अमरूद के कुछ टुकड़े रख दिए। तीन-चार दिन बाद जब गिलहरी अच्छी तरह दौड़ने लगी तो चिंटू ने उसे बाहर पेड़ पर छोड़ दिया।

सीख: हमें पशु-पक्षियों के प्रति दया भाव रखना चाहिए।

अपठित पद्यांश

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:-

काम जरा लेकर देखो, सख्त बात से नहीं स्नेह से
अपने अंतर का नेह अरे, तुम उसे जरा देकर देखो।
कितने भी गहरे रहें गर्त, हर जगह प्यार जा सकता है,
कितना भी भ्रष्ट जमाना हो, हर समय प्यार भा सकता है।
जो गिरे हुए को उठा सके, इससे प्यारा कुछ जतन नहीं,
दे प्यार उठा पाए न जिसे, इतना गहरा कुछ पतन नहीं ।।

– (भवानी प्रसाद मिश्र)

प्रश्न 1.
उत्तर लिखिए:
a. किसी से काम करवाने के लिए उपयुक्त – ………….
b. हर समय अच्छी लगने वाली बात – ………….
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
उत्तर लिखिए:
a. अच्छा प्रयत्न यही है – ………….
b. यही अधोगति है – ………….
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
पद्यांश की तीसरी और चौथी पंक्ति का संदेश लिखिए।
उत्तर:

भाषा बिंदु

कोष्ठक में दिए गए प्रत्येक/कारक चिह्न से अलग-अलग वाक्य बनाइए और उनके कारक लिखिए:
[ने, को, से, का, की, के, में, पर, हे, अरे, के लिए]
………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………..
उत्तर:
(1) ने – ऋतु ने खाना बनाया।
(2) को – विपिन ने प्रगति को खाना खिलाया।
(3) से – हिमानी साइकिल से ऑफिस जाती है।
(4) का – शुभम हर्षित का भाई है।
(5) की – पूर्वी आयुष की बहन है।
(6) के – नीरज के तीन चाचा हैं।
(7) में – नीनू घर में है।
(8) पर – पेड़ पर बंदर कूद रहे हैं।
(9) हे – हे भगवान, कितना शोर है यहाँ।
(10) अरे – अरे! सलिल तुम कहाँ हो?
(11) के लिए – अंशु वारिजा के लिए फ्रॉक लाई।

Hindi Lokbharti 10th Textbook Solutions Chapter 6 गिरिधर नागर Additional Important Questions and Answers

पद्यांश क्र. 1

प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:
(i)

उत्तर:

(ii) a. श्रीकृष्ण के सिर पर है
b. मीरा इन्हें अपना पति मानती हैं –
उत्तर:
a. श्रीकृष्ण के सिर पर है – मोर मुकट
b. मीरा इन्हें अपना पति मानती हैं – गिरधर गोपाल

प्रश्न 2.
संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
उचित जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए:

उत्तर:

कृति 2: (शब्द संपदा)

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों को शुद्ध रूप में लिखिए:
(i) भगत – …………………….
(ii) माखन – …………………….
(iii) आणंद – …………………….
(iv) जाके – …………………….
उत्तर:
(i) भगत – भक्त
(ii) माखन – मक्खन
(iii) आणंद – आनंद
(iv) जाके – जिसके।

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नालाखत शब्दा क समानाथा शब्दालाखए:
(i) मोर = …………………….
(ii) जगत = …………………….
(iii) दूध = …………………….
(iv) प्रेम = …………………….
उत्तर:
(i) मोर = मयूर
(ii) जगत = संसार
(iii) दूध = दुग्ध
(iv) प्रेम = प्यार।

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित अर्थवाले शब्द पद्यांश से चुनकर लिखिए:
(i) उद्घार करो – …………………….
(ii) मुझे – …………………….
उत्तर:
(i) उद्घार करो – तारो
(ii) मुझे – मोही।

कृति 3: (सरल अर्थ)

प्रश्न.
उपर्युक्त पद्यांश की अंतिम चार पंक्तियों का सरल अर्थ 25 से 30 शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर:
मैंने दूध जमाने के पात्र में जमे दही को मथानी से बड़े प्रेम से बिलोया और उसमें से कृष्ण-प्रेम रूपी मक्खन को निकाल लिया। शेष छाछ रूपी निस्सार जगत को छोड़ दिया। कृष्ण-भक्तों को देखकर मैं प्रसन्न होती हूँ, परंतु संसार का व्यवहार देख मुझे दुख होता है और मैं रो पड़ती हूँ। हे गिरधरलाल, मीरा तो आपकी दासी है, उसे इस संसार रूप भव-सागर से पार लगाओ।

पद्यांश क्र. 2

प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

(i) ये मीरा के प्रतिपालक हैं
(ii) कृष्ण के बिना इनको कहीं आश्रय नहीं है –
(iii) मीरा को प्रभु से मिलने की तीव्र यह है –
(iv) मीरा की यह संसार सागर में डूबने वाली है
उत्तर:
(i) ये मीरा के प्रतिपालक हैं – कृष्ण
(ii) कृष्ण के बिना इनको कहीं आश्रय नहीं है – मीरा
(iii) मीरा को प्रभु से मिलने की तीव्र यह है – लालसा
(iv) मीरा की यह संसार सागर में डूबने वाली है – नौका

प्रश्न 2.
पद्यांश में आए इस अर्थ के शब्द लिखिए:

(i) दासी
(ii) आश्रय
(iii) बार-बार
(iv) नौका।
उत्तर:
(i) दासी – चेरी
(ii) आश्रय – गती
(iii) बार-बार – बेर-बेर
(iv) नौका – बेरी।

प्रश्न 3.
विधानों के सामने सत्य / असत्य लिखिए:

(i) हरि बिना मीरा को कहीं आश्रय नहीं है।
(ii) कृष्ण मीरा के पति हैं और वे उनकी पत्नी।
(iii) मीरा बार-बार प्रभु की आरती करती हैं।
(iv) मीरा की जीवन नौका संसार सागर में डूबने वाली है।
उत्तर:
(i) सत्य
(i) असत्य
(iii) असत्य
(iv) सत्य।

प्रश्न 4.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

कृति 2: (शब्द संपदा)

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के अर्थ लिखिए:

(i) कूण – …………………..
(ii) रावरी – …………………..
(iii) बेरी – …………………..
(iv) नेरी – …………………..
उत्तर:
(i) कूण – कहाँ
(ii) रावरी – आपकी
(iii) बेरी – बेड़ा
(iv) नेरी – पास, निकट।

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के लिंग पहचान कर लिखिए:
(i) पखावज …………………..
(ii) पिचकारी …………………..
(iii) गुलाल …………………..
(iv) चरण …………………..
उत्तर:
(i) पखावज – स्त्रीलिंग
(ii) पिचकारी – स्त्रीलिंग
(iii) गुलाल – पुल्लिंग
(iv) चरण – पुल्लिंग।

कृति 3: (सरल अर्थ)

प्रश्न.
उपयुक्त पद्यांश की ‘हरि बिन कूण आरति है तेरी।।’ पंक्तियों का सरल अर्थ 25 से 30 शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर:
हे हरि, आपके बिना मेरा कौन है? अर्थात आपके सिवा मेरा कोई ठिकाना नहीं है। आप ही मेरा पालन करने वाले हैं और मैं आपकी दासी हूँ। मैं रात-दिन, हर समय आपका ही नाम जपती रहती हूँ। में बार-बार आपको पुकारती हूँ, क्योंकि मुझे आपके दर्शनों की तीव्र लालसा है।

पद्यांश क्र. 3

कृति 1: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
पद्यांश में आए इस अर्थ के शब्द लिखिए:
बोर्ड की नमूना कृतिपत्रिका

(i) कमल
(ii) आकाश
(iii) श्रेष्ठ
(iv) संतोष।
उत्तर:
(i) कमल – कँवल
(ii) आकाश – अंबर
(iii) श्रेष्ठ – छतीयूँ
(iv) संतोष – संतोख।

प्रश्न 2.
जोड़ियाँ बनाइए:

उत्तर:
(i) सुर – राग
(ii) करताल – झनकार
(iii) घट – पट
(iv) प्रेम – पिचकार।

प्रश्न 3.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:
(i) आकाश लाल हो गया है इससे –
(ii) गिरिधर नागर हैं मीरा के ये –
उत्तर:
(i) आकाश लाल हो गया है इससे – गुलाल से।
(ii) गिरिधर नागर हैं मीरा के ये – प्रभु।

प्रश्न 4.
उत्तर लिखिए: (बोर्ड की नमूना कृतिपत्रिका)

उत्तर:

कृति 2: (शब्द संपदा) (बोर्ड की नमूना कृतिपत्रिका)

पद्यांश से ढूँढ़कर लिखिए:
ऐसे दो शब्द जिनका वचन परिवर्तन से रूप नहीं बदलता –
(i) ……………………..
(ii) ……………………..
उत्तर:
(i) दिन
(ii) चरण।

कृति 3: (सरल अर्थ)

प्रश्न.
उपर्युक्त पद्यांश की प्रथम चार पंक्तियों का सरल अर्थ 25 से 30 शब्दों में लिखिए। (बोर्ड की नमूना कृतिपत्रिका)
उत्तर:
हे मेरे मन, फागुन मास में होली खेलने का समय अति अल्प होता है। अतः तू जी भरकर होली खेल। अर्थात मानव जीनव अस्थायी है, इसलिए भगवान कृष्ण से पूर्ण रूप से प्रेम कर ले। जिस प्रकार होली के उत्सव में नाच आदि का आयोजन होता है, उसी प्रकार कृष्ण-प्रेम में मुझे ऐसा प्रतीत होता है मानो करताल, पखावज आदि बाजे बज रहे हैं और अनहद नाद का स्वर सुनाई दे रहा है, जिससे मेरा हृदय बिना स्वर और राग के अनेक रागों का आलाप करता रहता है। मेरा रोम-रोम भगवान कृष्ण के प्रेम के रंग में डूबा रहता है। मैंने अपने प्रिय से होली खेलने के लिए शील और संतोष रूपी केसर का रंग घोला है। मेरा प्रिय-प्रेम ही होली खेलने की पिचकारी है।

भाषा अध्ययन (व्याकरण)

प्रश्न.
सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

1. शब्द भेद:
अधोरेखांकित शब्दों का शब्दभेद पहचानकर लिखिए:
(i) बाहर कोई नहीं है।
(ii) माँ को हंसी आ गई।
(iii) चतुर वैद्य विष से भी दवा का काम ले सकता है।
उत्तर:
(i) कोई – अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम।
(ii) हँसी – भाववाचक संज्ञा।
(iii) चतुर – गुणवाचक विशेषण।

2. अव्यय:
निम्नलिखित अव्ययों का अपने वाक्यों में प्रयोग कीजिए:
(i) भी
(ii) इसलिए।
उत्तर:
(i) भी – हमारी बेटी गाय से भी अधिक सीधी है।
(ii) इसलिए – नीरज बीमार था, इसलिए दफ्तर नहीं गया।

3. संधि:
कृति पूर्ण कीजिए:
संधि शब्द – संधि विच्छेद – संधि भेद
…………. – उत् + लेख। – ……………
अथवा
तपोबल – …………… – ……………
उत्तर:
संधि शब्द – संधि विच्छेद – संधि भेद
उल्लेख – उत् + लेख – व्यंजन संधि
अथवा
तपोबल – तपः + बल – विसर्ग संधि

4. सहायक क्रिया:
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में से सहायक क्रियाएँ पहचानकर उनका मूल रूप लिखिए:
(i) यह कुरसी दीवार की तरफ खिसका दो।
(ii) हम समय पर स्टेशन पहुंच गए।
उत्तर:
सहायक क्रिया – मूल रूप
(i) दो – देना
(ii) गए – जाना

5. प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया:
निम्नलिखित क्रियाओं के प्रथम प्रेरणार्थक और द्वितीय प्रेरणार्थक रूप लिखिए:
(i) पढ़ना
(ii) जीतना
(ii) करना।
उत्तर:
क्रिया – प्रथम प्रेरणार्थक रूप – द्वितीय प्रेरणार्थक रूप
(i) पढ़ना – पढ़ाना – पढ़वाना
(ii) जीतना – जिताना – जितवाना
(iii) करना – कराना – करवाना

6. मुहावरे:
(1) निम्नलिखित मुहावरों का अर्थ लिखकर वाक्य में प्रयोग कीजिए:
(i) चैन न मिल पाना
(ii) झेंप जाना।
उत्तर:
(i) चैन न मिल पाना।

अर्थ: बेचैनी अनुभव करना। वाक्य: मालिक की कड़ी बातें सुनकर मुनीम को चैन न मिल पाया।

(ii) झेंप जाना।
अर्थ: लज्जित होना, शरमाना। वाक्य: नकल करने पर मित्र की फटकार सुनकर अभिनव झेंप गया।

(2) अधोरेखांकित वाक्यांशों के लिए कोष्ठक में दिए गए उचित मुहावरे का चयन करके वाक्य फिर से लिखिए:
(नाक-भौं सिकोड़ना, गुदगुदा देना, सिर झुका देना)
(i) अप्रिय बात सुनकर सभी तिरस्कार प्रकट करेंगे।
(ii) जीवन में आनंददायी क्षण बहुत कम होते हैं।
उत्तर:
(i) अप्रिय बात सुनकर सभी नाक-भौं सिकोड़ेंगे।
(ii) जीवन में गुदगुदाने वाले क्षण बहुत कम होते हैं।

7. विरामचिह्न:
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में यथास्थान उचित विरामचिह्नों का प्रयोग करके वाक्य फिर से लिखिए:
(i) मैं कहाँ से पैसे , पहले तो दूध की बिक्री के पैसे मेरे पास जमा रहते थे
(ii) सहसा कानों में आवाज आई काकी उठो मैं पूड़ियाँ लाई हूँ
उत्तर:
(i) “मैं कहाँ से पैसे दूँ? पहले तो दूध की बिक्री के पैसे मेरे पास जमा रहते थे।”
(ii) सहसा कानों में आवाज आई – “काकी, उठो मैं पूड़ियाँ लाई हूँ।”

8. काल परिवर्तन:
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का सूचना के अनुसार काल परिवर्तन कीजिए:
(i) विदा का क्षण आ गया। (सामान्य भविष्यकाल)
(ii) आप छत पर क्या करते हैं? (अपूर्ण भूतकाल)
(iii) मेरी गाड़ी तो बिक जाती है। (पूर्ण वर्तमानकाल)
उत्तर:
(i) विदा का क्षण आ जाएगा।
(ii) आप छत पर क्या कर रहे थे?
(iii) मेरी गाड़ी तो बिक गई है।

9. वाक्य भेद:
(1) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का रचना के आधार पर भेद पहचान कर लिखिए:
(i) संसार का व्यवहार देखकर मुझे दुःख होता है और मैं रो पड़ती हूँ।
(ii) मीराबाई कहती हैं कि अब उन्हें लोकलाज का कोई डर नहीं हैं।
उत्तर:
(i) संयुक्त वाक्य
(ii) मिश्र वाक्य।

(2) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का अर्थ के आधार पर दी गई सूचना के अनुसार परिवर्तन कीजिए:
(i) संतो के साथ बैठकर मैंने लोकलाज त्याग दी है। (विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्य)
(ii) हे हरि, आप ही मेरा पालन करने वाले हैं। (आज्ञावाचक वाक्य)
उत्तर:
(i) हाय! संतों के साथ बैठकर मैंने लोकलाज त्याग दी है।
(ii) हे हरि, आप ही मेरा पालन करें।।

11. वाक्य शुद्धिकरण:
निम्नलिखित वाक्य शुद्ध करके लिखिए:
(i) लेखक ने अभिनेता की घमंड तोड़ी।
(ii) हमने क्रिकेट की मैच देखी।
उत्तर:
(i) लेखक ने अभिनेता का घमंड तोड़ा।
(ii) हमने क्रिकेट का मैच देखा।

गिरिधर नागर Summary in Hindi

गिरिधर नागर कविता का सरल अर्थ

1. मेरे तो गिरधर गोपाल …………………………….. तारो अब मोही।।

गिरि को धारण करने वाले, गायों के पालक कृष्ण के सिवा मेरा और कोई नहीं है। जिनके मस्तक पर मोर का मुकुट शोभित है, वे ही मेरे पति हैं। उनके लिए मैंने कुल की मर्यादा छोड़ दी है। चाहे कोई मुझे कुछ भी कहे। संतों के साथ बैठ-बैठकर मैंने लोकलाज त्याग दी है। मैंने अपने प्रेम रूपी बेल को अपने अश्रु रूपी जल से सींच-सींचकर बड़ा किया है। अब तो यह प्रेम-बेल फैल गई है और इसमें आनंद रूपी फल लगने लगा है। मैंने दूध जमाने के पात्र में जमे दही को मथानी से बड़े प्रेम से बिलोया और उसमें से कृष्ण-प्रेम रूपी मक्खन को निकाल लिया। शेष छाछ रूपी निस्सार जगत को छोड़ दिया। कृष्ण-भक्तों को देखकर मैं प्रसन्न होती हूँ, परंतु संसार का व्यवहार देख मुझे दुख होता है और मैं रो पड़ती हूँ। हे गिरधरलाल, मीरा तो आपकी दासी है, उसे इस संसार रूपी भव-सागर से पार लगाओ।

2. हरि बिन कूण गती मेरी …………………………….. मैं सरण हूँ तेरी।।

हे हरि, आपके बिना मेरा कौन है? अर्थात आपके सिवा मेरा कोई ठिकाना नहीं है। आप ही मेरा पालन करने वाले हैं और मैं आपकी दासी हूँ। मैं रात-दिन, हर समय आपका ही नाम जपती रहती हूँ। मैं बार-बार आपको पुकारती हूँ, क्योंकि मुझे आपके दर्शनों की तीव्र लालसा है। यह संसार विभिन्न प्रकार के दोषों और विकारों से भरा हुआ सागर है, जिसके बीच में घिर गई हैं। इस संसार रूपी सागर में मेरी नाव टूट गई है। हे प्रभु, आप शीघ्र इस नाव का पाल बाँधिए, अन्यथा यह जीवन-नौका इस संसार-सागर में डूब जाएगी। हे प्रियतम, आपकी यह विरहिणी निरंतर आपकी बाट जोहती रहती है। आपके आगमन की प्रतीक्षा करती रहती है। आपकी यह दासी मीरा सदा आपके नाम का स्मरण करती रहती है और आपकी शरण में आई है।

3. फागुन के दिन चार …………………………….. चरण कँवल बलिहार रे।।

हे मेरे मन, फागुन मास में होली खेलने का समय अति अल्प होता है। अतः तू जी भरकर होली खेल। अर्थात मानव जीनव अस्थायी है, : इसलिए भगवान कृष्ण से पूर्ण रूप से प्रेम कर ले। जिस प्रकार होली के : उत्सव में नाच आदि का आयोजन होता है, उसी प्रकार कृष्ण-प्रेम में मुझे ऐसा प्रतीत होता है मानो करताल, पखावज आदि बाजे बज रहे हैं और अनहद नाद का स्वर सुनाई दे रहा है, जिससे मेरा हृदय बिना स्वर और राग के अनेक रागों का आलाप करता रहता है। मेरा रोम-रोम भगवान कृष्ण के प्रेम के रंग में डूबा रहता है। मैंने अपने प्रिय से होली खेलने के लिए शील और संतोष रूपी केसर का रंग घोला है। मेरा प्रिय-प्रेम ही होली खेलने की पिचकारी है। उड़ते हुए गुलाल से सारा आकाश लाल हो गया है। अब मुझे लोक-लज्जा का कोई डर नहीं है, इसलिए मैंने हृदय रूपी घर के दरवाजे खोल दिए हैं। अंत में मीरा कहती हैं कि मेरे स्वामी गोवर्धन पर्वत को धारण करने वाले कृष्ण भगवान हैं। मैंने उनके चरण-कमलों में अपना सर्वस्व न्योछावर कर दिया है।

गिरिधर नागर विषय-प्रवेश :

प्रस्तुत काव्य में रसिक शिरोमणि श्रीकृष्ण की अनन्य उपासिका मीराबाई अपना प्रेम प्रकट कर रही हैं। सभी पदों में | श्रीकृष्ण के प्रति मीराबाई के प्रेम, उनकी भक्ति, उत्सुकता, प्रिय-मिलन की आशा, प्रतीक्षा आदि का मार्मिक चित्रण है।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Solutions Lokbharti Chapter 1 भारत महिमा Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Lokbharti Chapter 1 भारत महिमा

Hindi Lokbharti 10th Std Digest Chapter 1 भारत महिमा Textbook Questions and Answers

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित पंक्तियों का तात्पर्य लिखिए:
a. कहीं से हम आए थे नहीं → …………………….
b. वही हम दिव्य आर्य संतान → …………………….
उत्तर:
(a) हम भारतवासी किसी अन्य देश से आकर यहाँ नहीं बसे। हम यहीं के निवासी हैं। सभ्यता के प्रारंभ से हम यहीं रहते आए हैं।
(b) भारतवासी आर्य थे और हम उन्हीं आर्यों की दिव्य संतानें हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
उचित जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए:
संचय
सत्य
अतिथि
रत्न
वचन
दान
हृदय
तेज
देव
उत्तर:
(i) संचय – दान
(ii) सत्य – वचन
(iii) अतिथि – देव
(iv) रत्न – तेज।

प्रश्न 3.
लिखिए.
a. कविता में प्रयुक्त दो धातुओं के नाम:

उत्तर:

b. भारतीय संस्कृति की दो विशेषताएँ:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 4.
प्रस्तुत कविता की अपनी पसंदीदा किन्हीं दो पंक्तियों का भावार्थ लिखिए।
उत्तर:
हमारे संचय में था दान, अतिथि थे सदा हमारे देव वचन में सत्य, हृदय में तेज, प्रतिज्ञा में रहती थी टेव। हम भारतीय दीन-दुखियों की सेवा करने के लिए सदैव तत्पर रहते हैं। हम यदि धन और संपत्ति का संग्रह करते भी थे तो दान के लिए करते थे। दानवीरता भारतीयों का गुण रहा है। महर्षि दधीचि और कर्ण जैसे दानवीर इसी भूमि पर हुए हैं। हमारे देश में अतिथियों को देवता के समान माना जाता था। भारतीय सत्यवादी हरिश्चंद्र की संतानें हैं। हमारे हृदय में तेज था, गौरव था। हम सदा अपनी प्रतिज्ञा पर अटल रहते थे। भारतीयों का मानना था- प्राण जाएँ,: पर वचन न जाएँ।

प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित मुद्दों के आधार पर पद्य विश्लेषण कीजिए:
a. रचनाकार का नाम
b. रचना का प्रकार
c. पसंदीदा पंक्ति
d. पसंदीदा होने का कारण
e. रचना से प्राप्त संदेश
उत्तर:
a. रचनाकार का नाम → जयशंकर प्रसाद।
b. रचना की विधा → कविता।
c. पसंद की पंक्तियाँ → व्योमतम पुंज हुआ तब नष्ट, अखिल संसृति हो उठी अशोक। (सूचना: विद्यार्थी अपनी पसंद की पंक्ति लिखेंगे।)
d. पंक्तियाँ पसंद होने का कारण → हम भारतीयों ने पूरे विश्व में ज्ञान का प्रसार किया, जिसके कारण समग्र संसार आलोकित हो गया। अज्ञान रूपी अंधकार का विनाश हुआ और संपूर्ण सृष्टि के सभी दुख-शोक दूर हो गए।
e. रचना से प्राप्त संदेश/प्रेरणा → हमें सदैव अपने देश और इसकी संस्कृति पर गर्व करना चाहिए। जब भी आवश्यकता पड़े, देश के लिए अपना सर्वस्व न्योछावर कर देने के लिए तत्पर रहना चाहिए।

Hindi Lokbharti 10th Textbook Solutions Chapter 1 भारत महिमा Additional Important Questions and Answers

पद्यांश क्र. 1
प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
पद्यांश से ऐसे दो प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए, जिनके उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हों:
(i) अभिनंदन
(ii) आलोक।
उत्तर:
(i) उषा ने हँसकर क्या किया?
(ii) जब भारतीयों ने ज्ञान का प्रचार किया तो संसार में क्या फैला?

प्रश्न 2.
पद्यांश में प्रयुक्त इन शब्दों से सहसंबंध दर्शाने वाले शब्द लिखिए:
(i) हिमालय – ……………………..
(ii) किरण – ……………………..
(iii) विमल – ……………………..
(iv) कोमल – ……………………..
उत्तर:
(i) हिमालय -आँगन
(ii) किरण – उपहार
(iii) विमल -वाणी
(iv) कोमल -कर

प्रश्न 3.
विधानों के सामने सत्य/असत्य लिखिए:
(i) जब पूरा विश्व जगा तो भारतवासी भी जग गए।
(ii) वीणापाणि ने अपने हाथ में वीणा ली।
(iii) हिमालय के आँगन में किरणों का उपहास मिला।
(iv) सप्तसिंधु में सातों स्वर गूंजने लगे।
उत्तर:
(i) असत्य
(ii) सत्य
(iii) असत्य
(iv) सत्य।

प्रश्न 4.
उचित जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए:
(i) उषा – आलोक
(ii) हीरक – संगीत
(iii) विश्व – अभिनंदन
(iv) वीणा – हार
उत्तर:
(i) उषा – अभिनंदन।
(ii) हीरक – हार
(iii) विश्व – आलोक
(iv) वीणा -संगीत।

कृति 2: (शब्द संपदा)

प्रश्न 1.
पद्यांश में से ढूँढ़कर उपसर्गयुक्त शब्द लिखिए:
(i) ………………. (ii) ……………….
उत्तर:
(i) अभिनंदन
(ii) उपहार।

प्रश्न 2.
अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक-एक शब्द लिखिए:
(i) गले में पहनने की मूल्यवान माला
(ii) सितार जैसा वह वाद्य जो सब वाद्यों में श्रेष्ठ माना जाता है, ……………….
उत्तर:
(i) हार
(ii) वीणा।

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के लिए पद्यांश में प्रयुक्त शब्द ढूँढ़कर लिखिए:
(i) संपूर्ण
(ii) शोकरहित
(iii) संसार
(iv) आकाश।
उत्तर:
(i) संपूर्ण – अखिल
(ii) शोकरहित – अशोक
(iii) संसार – संसृति
(iv) आकाश – व्योम।

कृति 3: (सरल अर्थ)

प्रश्न.
उपर्युक्त पद्यांश की प्रथम चार पंक्तियों का सरल अर्थ 25 से 30 शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर:
भारत देश हिमालय के आँगन के समान है। प्रतिदिन उषा भारत को सूर्य की किरणों का उपहार देती है, मानो हँसकर भारत-भूमि का अभिनंदन कर रही हो। ओस की बूंदों पर जब प्रातःकालीन सूर्य की रश्मियाँ पड़ती हैं, तो ओस की बूंदें चमकने लगती हैं और ऐसा लगता है मानो, उषा ने भारत को हीरों का हार पहना दिया हो।

सबसे पहले ज्ञान का उदय भारत में ही हुआ। अर्थात सबसे पहले हम जाग्रत हुए। फिर हमने पूरे विश्व में ज्ञान का प्रसार किया। इसके कारण समग्र संसार आलोकित हो गया। अज्ञानरूपी अंधकार का विनाश हुआ और संपूर्ण सृष्टि के सभी दुख-शोक दूर हो गए।

पद्यांश क्र. 2

प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
सही विकल्प चुनकर वाक्य फिर से लिखिए:
(i) भारत में केवल …………………………. की ही विजय नहीं रही। (चाँदी/लोहे/सोने)
(ii) यहाँ …………………………. भिक्षु की तरह रहते थे। (लोग/लड़के/सम्राट)
(iii) हमसे चीन को …………………………. की दृष्टि मिली। (धर्म/कर्म/धन)
(iv) हमारा देश सदा प्रकृति का …………………………. रहा। (खिलौना/आँगन /पालना)
उत्तर:
(i) भारत में केवल लोहे की ही विजय नहीं रही।
(ii) यहाँ सम्राट भिक्षु की तरह रहते थे।
(iii) हमसे चीन को धर्म की दृष्टि मिली।
(iv) हमारा देश सदा प्रकृति का पालना रहा।

प्रश्न 3.
उपर्युक्त पद्यांश पर आधारित ऐसे दो प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए, जिनके उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हों:
(i) सम्राट
(ii) धर्म।
उत्तर:
(i) कौन भिक्षु होकर रहते?
(ii) चीन को कौन-सी दृष्टि मिली?

प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित पंक्तियों का तात्पर्य लिखिए:
(ii) प्रकृति का रहा पालना यहीं।
उत्तर:
(ii) हमें प्रकृति ने प्रत्येक वस्तु मुक्तहस्त से प्रदान की। यहाँ की शस्य श्यामला भूमि, हिमाच्छादित गिरि शिखर, घाटियाँ, वादियाँ, सदानीरा नदियाँ, झरने, फल-फूल, संसाधनों से भरपूर जंगल सभी अनुपम हैं।

प्रश्न 5.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:
(i) हमने गोरी को इसका दान दिया – [ ]
(ii) भारत की धरती पर इसकी धूम रही – [ ]
उत्तर:
(i) हमने गोरी को इसका दान दिया – [दया का]
(ii) भारत की धरती पर इसकी धूम रही – [धर्म की]

कृति 2: (शब्द संपदा)

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्द-समूहों के लिए शब्द लिखिए:
(i) बहुमूल्य चमकीले प्रसिद्ध खनिज पदार्थ, जो आभूषणों आदि में जड़े जाते हैं –
(ii) छोटे बच्चों के लिए एक प्रकार का झूला या हिंडोला –
(iii) वह स्थान जहाँ किसी का जन्म हुआ हो –
(iv) बौद्ध संन्यासियों के लिए प्रयोग किया जाने वाला शब्द –
उत्तर:
(i) रत्न
(ii) पालना
(iii) जन्मस्थान
(iv) भिक्षु।

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्द लिखिए:
(i) विजय x ………………….
(ii) धर्म x ………………….
(iii) भूमि x ………………….
(iv) जन्म x ………………….
उत्तर:
(i) विजय x पराजय
(ii) धर्म x अधर्म
(iii) भूमि x आकाश
(iv) जन्म – मरण।

कृति 3: (सरल अर्थ)

प्रश्न.
उपर्युक्त पद्यांश की अपनी पसंदीदा किन्हीं दो पंक्तियों का सरल अर्थ 25 से 30 शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर:
विजय केवल लोहे की नहीं, धर्म की रही धरा पर धूम भिक्षु होकर रहते सम्राट, दया दिखलाते घर-घर घूम। भारतीयों ने शस्त्रों के बल पर दूसरे देशों को नहीं जीता, बल्कि उन्होंने प्रेमभाव से लोगों के हृदय जीते हैं। भारत में प्राचीन काल से ही लोगों के मन में धर्म की भावना रही है। यहाँ वर्धमान महावीर और गौतम बुद्ध जैसे त्यागी धर्मपुरुष हुए हैं, जिन्होंने अपना विशाल साम्राज्य छोड़कर भिक्षु का स्वरूप धारण किया और घर-घर घूमकर लोगों का कष्ट दूर करने का प्रयास किया, धर्म का प्रचार किया।

पद्यांश क्र. 3

प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित पंक्तियों का तात्पर्य लिखिए:
(i) किसी को देख न सके विपन्न।
उत्तर:
(i) भारतीय कभी किसी को दुखी नहीं देख सके। दीन-दुखियों की सेवा करने के लिए हम भारतीय सदैव तत्पर रहते हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:
(i) हम चरित्र के ऐसे थे – [ ]
(ii) हम दान के लिए यह करते थे – [ ]
(iii) हमारे लिए ये देवता के समान थे – [ ]
(iv) हमें अपने गौरव पर यह था – [ ]
उत्तर:
(i) हम चरित्र के ऐसे थे [पवित्र]
(ii) हम दान के लिए यह करते थे [संचय]
(iii) हमारे लिए ये देवता के समान थे [अतिथि]
(iv) हमें अपने गौरव पर यह था [गर्व]

प्रश्न 3.
संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 4.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

कृति 2: (शब्द संपदा)

प्रश्न 1.
पद्यांश से उपसर्ग वाले दो शब्द ढूँढकर लिखिए:
(i) ……………………. (ii) …………………….
उत्तर:
(i) अतिथि
(ii) अभिमान।

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के समानार्थी शब्द लिखिए:
(i) पूत = …………………….
(ii) गर्व = …………………….
(iii) प्रतिज्ञा = …………………….
(iv) प्यारा = …………………….
उत्तर:
(i) पूत – पावन
(ii) गर्व = घमंड
(iii) प्रतिज्ञा = प्रण
(iv) प्रिय = प्यारा।

प्रश्न 3.
पद्यांश से शब्द ढूँढकर लिखिए:
(i) पवित्र शब्द के लिए प्रयुक्त शब्द – …………………….
(ii) गरीब शब्द के लिए प्रयुक्त शब्द – …………………….
उत्तर:
(i) पवित्र शब्द के लिए प्रयुक्त शब्द – पूत
(ii) गरीब शब्द के लिए प्रयुक्त शब्द – विपन्न।

कृति 3: (सरल अर्थ)

पदय विश्लेषण
सूचना: यह प्रश्नप्रकार कृतिपत्रिका के प्रारूप से हटा दिया गया है। लेकिन यह प्रश्न पाठ्यपुस्तक में होने के कारण विद्यार्थियों के अधिक अभ्यास के लिए इसे उत्तर-सहित यहाँ समाविष्ट किया गया है।

भाषा अध्ययन (व्याकरण)

प्रश्न. सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

1. शब्द भेद:
अधोरेखांकित शब्दों का शब्दभेद पहचानकर लिखिए:
(i) राजा दशरथ वृद्ध दंपति के सामने बैठ गए।
(ii) सड़क कदाचित कच्ची थी।
उत्तर:
(i) दशरथ – व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा।
(ii) सड़क – जातिवाचक संज्ञा।

2. अव्यय:
निम्नलिखित अव्ययों का अपने वाक्यों में प्रयोग कीजिए:
(i) बहुत
(ii) सामने
(iii) किंतु।
उत्तर:
(i) प्रयाग बहुत थक गया था।
(ii) स्कूल के सामने एक बगीचा है।
(iii) घर में दीपक तो था, किंतु उसमें तेल न था।

3. संधि:
कृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

4. सहायक क्रिया:
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में से सहायक क्रियाएँ पहचानकर उनका ‘मूल रूप लिखिए:
(i) इस पद ने मोहिनी मंत्र का जाल बिछा दिया।
(ii) बालक भूमि पर लेट गया।
उत्तर:

सहायक क्रिया	मूल रूप
(i) दिया	देना
(ii) गया।	जाना

5. प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया:
निम्नलिखित क्रियाओं के प्रथम प्रेरणार्थक और द्वितीय प्रेरणार्थक रूप लिखिए:
(i) दौड़ना
(ii) बोलना
(iii) रोना।
उत्तर:

6. मुहावरे:
(1) निम्नलिखित मुहावरों का अर्थ लिखकर वाक्य में प्रयोग कीजिए:
(i) दृष्टि फेरना
(ii) राह देखना।
उत्तर:
(i) दृष्टि फेरना।
अर्थ: नजर डालना।
वाक्य: नेताजी ने श्रोताओं पर दृष्टि फेरी।

(ii) राह देखना।
अर्थ: प्रतीक्षा करना।
वाक्य: विद्यार्थी कई दिनों से छुट्टियों की राह देख रहे थे।

(2) अधोरेखांकित वाक्यांश के लिए कोष्ठक में दिए गए उचित मुहावरे का चयन करके वाक्य फिर से लिखिए: (सपने की संपत्ति होना, चल बसना, भनक पड़ना)
(i) हफ्ते भर की बीमारी में मरीज चला गया।
(ii) दारोगाजी ने उड़ती हुई खबर सुनी कि कल दंगा होने वाला है।
(ii) ऐसा भूकंप आया कि क्षण भर में सारी चहल-पहल विलुप्त हो गई।
उत्तर:
(i) हफ्ते भर की बीमारी में मरीज चल बसा।
(ii) दारोगाजी के कान में भनक पड़ी कि कल दंगा होने वाला है।
(iii) ऐसा भूकंप आया कि क्षण भर में सारी चहल-पहल सपने की संपत्ति हो गई।

7. कारक:
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में प्रयुक्त कारक पहचानकर उसका भेद लिखिए:
(i) नारी महान है।
(ii) वह किसी को किसी प्रकार की कमी नहीं होने देती।
(iii) प्रेरणा का सूक्ष्म प्रभाव होता है।
उत्तर:
(i) नारी – कर्ता कारक
(ii) किसी को – कर्म कारक
(iii) प्रेरणा का – संबंध कारक।

8. विरामचिह्न:
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में यथास्थान उचित विरामचिह्नों का प्रयोग करके वाक्य फिर से लिखिए:
(i) क्या बताऊँ गाय ने दूध देना बंद कर दिया है बूढ़ी हो गई है इस जमाने में गाय भैंस पालने का खर्चा
(ii) हे मेरे मित्रो परिचितो आओ अपने सारे बदले लेने का यही वक्त है
उत्तर:
(i) “क्या बताऊँ। गाय ने दूध देना बंद कर दिया है, बूढ़ी हो गई है। इस जमाने में गाय-भैंस पालने का खर्चा …।”
(ii) “हे मेरे मित्रो, परिचितो! आओ, अपने सारे बदले लेने का यही वक्त है।”

9. काल परिवर्तन:
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का सूचना के अनुसार काल परिवर्तन कीजिए:
(i) मनु पीछे की ओर मुड़ता है। (सामान्य भूतकाल)
(ii) तुम्हारा मुख लाल होता है। (अपूर्ण वर्तमानकाल)
(iii) रोगी की अवस्था बदल जाती है। (पूर्ण भूतकाल)
उत्तर:
(i) मनु पीछे की ओर मुड़ा।
(ii) तुम्हारा मुख लाल हो रहा है।
(iii) रोगी की अवस्था बदल गई थी।

10. वाक्य भेद:
(1) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का रचना के आधार पर भेद पहचानकर लिखिए:
(i) भारतीय चरित्र के पवित्र होते हैं।
(ii) बादल आए किंतु पानी नहीं बरसा।
उत्तर:
(i) सरल वाक्य
(ii) संयुक्त वाक्य।

(2) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का अर्थ के आधार पर दी गई सूचना के अनुसार वाक्य परिवर्तन कीजिए:
(i) तुम्हें अपना ख्याल रखना चाहिए। (आज्ञावाचक)
(ii) मास्टर जी ने पुस्तकें लाने के लिए पैसे दिए। (प्रश्नवाचक)
उत्तर:
(i) तुम अपना ख्याल रखो।
(ii) क्या मास्टर जी ने पुस्तकें लाने के लिए पैसे दिए?

11. वाक्य शुद्धिकरण:
निम्नलिखित वाक्य शुद्ध करके लिखिए:
(i) क्रोध से उसकी नेत्र लाल हो गए।
(ii) राम ने हिरण का शिकार की।
(iii) मैं मेरा काम करता है।
उत्तर:
(i) क्रोध से उसके नेत्र लाल हो गए।
(ii) राम ने हिरन का शिकार किया।
(iii) में अपना काम करता हूँ।

भारत महिमा Summary in Hindi

भारत महिमा कविता का सरल अर्थ

1. हिमालय के आँगन …………………………………… मधुर साम संगीत।. . .

हमारा यह प्यारा भारत देश हिमालय के आँगन के समान है। प्रतिदिन उषा भारत को सूर्य की किरणों का उपहार देती है। तब ऐसा लगता है मानो हँसकर वह भारत-भूमि का अभिनंदन कर रही हो। ओस की बूंदों पर जब प्रातःकालीन सूर्य की रश्मियाँ पड़ती हैं तो ऐसा लगता है जैसे उषा ने भारत को हीरों का हार पहना दिया हो।

सबसे पहले ज्ञान का उदय भारत में ही हुआ अर्थात सबसे पहले हम जाग्रत हुए। फिर हमने पूरे विश्व में ज्ञान का प्रसार किया। इसके कारण समग्र संसार आलोकित हो गया। अज्ञान रूपी अंधकार का विनाश हुआ और संपूर्ण सृष्टि के सभी दुख-शोक दूर हो गए।

वाणी की देवी वीणापाणि (सरस्वती) ने इसी पवित्र भूमि पर प्रेम के साथ अपने कमल के समान कोमल करों में वीणा उठाई, उसकी झंकार से सप्तसिंधुओं में सातों स्वरों का मोहक सरगम गूंजने लगा, मधुर संगीत का जन्म हुआ। इसी महान देश में संगीत के वेद सामवेद की रचना हुई।

2. विजय केवल …………………………………… आए थे नहीं।. . .

भारत के लोगों ने शस्त्रों के बल पर देशों को नहीं जीता। यहाँ प्राचीन काल से ही लोगों के मन में धर्म की प्रखर भावना रही है और उन्होंने संसार में धर्म का प्रचार किया। यहाँ गौतम बुद्ध और वर्धमान महावीर जैसे धर्मपुरुष हुए हैं, जिन्होंने विशाल साम्राज्य छोड़कर भिक्षु का स्वरूप धारण किया और घर-घर घूमकर लोगों का कष्ट दूर करने का प्रयास किया, धर्म का प्रचार किया। हमने मोहम्मद गोरी को पराजित करने के बाद भी दयापूर्वक क्षमा कर दिया। हमारे देश से ही चीन को धर्म की दृष्टि मिली। (भारत के महान सम्राट अशोक ने अपने पुत्र महेंद्र और पुत्री संघमित्रा को बौद्ध धर्म के प्रचार के लिए चीन, स्वर्ण भूमि अर्थात जावा और श्रीलंका भेजा) जावा और श्रीलंका के लोगों को पंचशील (अहिंसा, अस्तेय, अपरिग्रह, सत्य, ब्रह्मचर्य आदि) के सिद्धांत मिले।

भारतवासियों ने कभी किसी की संपत्ति या किसी का राज्य छीनने का प्रयास नहीं किया। हमें प्रकृति ने प्रत्येक वस्तु मुक्तहस्त से प्रदान की। प्रकृति की हमारे देश पर महान कृपा रही है। (यहाँ की शस्य श्यामला भूमि, हिमाच्छादित गिरि शिखर, घाटियाँ, वादियाँ, सदानीरा नदियाँ, झरने, फल-फूल, संसाधनों से भरपूर जंगल सभी अनुपम हैं) भारत सदा से हमारी जन्मभूमि है। हम इसी देश की संतानें हैं। हम बाहर के किसी स्थान से आकर यहाँ नहीं बसे हैं। (जैसा कि कुछ विदेशियों का कहना है।)

3. चरित थे पूत …………………………………… प्यारा भारतवर्ष।. . .

भारत के लोग सदा से चरित्रवान रहे हैं। हमारी भुजाओं में भरपूर शक्ति रही है। भारतीयों में वीरता की कभी कमी नहीं रही। साथ ही नम्रता सदा हमारा गुण रहा है। हमने कभी अपनी उपलब्धियों पर घमंड नहीं किया। हमें अपनी सभ्यता और संस्कृति पर गर्व रहा है। हम कभी किसी को दुखी नहीं देख सके। दीन-दुखियों की सेवा करने के लिए हम भारतीय सदैव तत्पर रहते हैं। ‘हम यदि धन और संपत्ति का संग्रह करते भी थे, तो दान के लिए करते थे। दानवीरता भारतीयों का गुण रहा है। हमारे देश में अतिथियों को सदा देवता के समान माना जाता था। भारत के लोग सत्य बोलना अपना धर्म मानते थे। (भारतीय सत्यवादी हरिश्चंद्र की संतानें हैं।) हमारे हृदय में तेज था, गौरव था। हम सदा अपनी प्रतिज्ञा पर अटल रहते थे। प्राण जाए, पर वचन न जाए हमारा जीवनमूल्य रहा है।

आज भी हम भारतीयों की धमनियों में उन्हीं पूर्वजों का रक्त प्रवाहित हो रहा है। आज भी हमारा देश वैसा ही है। आज भी भारतीयों में वैसा ही साहस है। भारतीय आज भी ज्ञान के क्षेत्र में सबसे आगे हैं। आज भी हम पहले के समान शांति के पुजारी हैं। देशवासियों में वैसी ही शक्ति है। हम उन्हीं आर्यों की दिव्य संतानें हैं।

हम जब तक जिएँ, इसी देश के लिए जिएँ। हमें इसकी सभ्यता और संस्कृति पर अभिमान है और हर्ष है कि हमने इस भूमि पर जन्म लिया है। यह हमारा प्यारा भारतवर्ष है। यदि कभी आवश्यकता पड़े, तो इसके लिए अपना सर्वस्व भी न्योछावर कर दें।

भारत महिमा विषय-प्रवेश :

प्रकृति ने हमारे देश भारत की रचना बड़े प्यार से की है। हमारा देश हिमालय की गोद में बसा हुआ है। हमारा देश सबसे पहले जाग्रत हुआ था और इसकी संस्कृति सबसे पुरानी है। प्रस्तुत कविता में छायावाद के प्रवर्तक जयशंकर प्रसाद जी ने हमारे प्यारे देश भारत के इसी महिमामंडित अतीत का मनोरम चित्रण किया है। कवि की आकांक्षा है कि हमें सदैव अपने देश पर, इसकी सभ्यता और संस्कृति पर गर्व करना चाहिए। आवश्यकता पड़ने पर, हमें देश के लिए अपना सर्वस्व न्योछावर कर देने के लिए तत्पर रहना चाहिए।

भारत महिमा मुहावरा –

• अर्थ निछावर करना – अर्पण करना, समर्पित करना।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 7 Human Settlements Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 7 Human Settlements

Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Human Settlements Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Tick (✓) the correct options:

Question a.
The concentration of settlements is related to following major factors
(a) Proximity to the Sea
(b) Plain region
(c) Availability of water
(d) Climate
Answer:
(c) Availability of water

Question b.
In North-eastern part of Brazil, which types of settlements are found
(a) Nucleated
(b) Linear
(c) Dispersed
(d) Star-shaped
Answer:
(c) Dispersed

Question c.
Where do you find dispersed settlements in India?
(i) Near the rivers
(ii) Near the transport routes
(iii) Hilly areas
(iv) Industrial regions
Answer:
(iii) Hilly areas

Question d.
Concentrated settlements are found in Narmada Valley
(i) Forested land
(ii) Cultivable land
(iii) Undulating topography
(iv) Industries
Answer:
(ii) Cultivable land

Question e.
Which state has the least urbanisation in Brazil?
(i) Para
(ii) Amapa
(iii) Espirito Santo
(iv) Parana
Answer:
(i) Para

2. Give geographical reasons:

Question a.
Availability of water is a major factor affecting settlements.
Answer:
(i) Water is a major factor affecting settlements because water is required for survival of living beings, for purposes like drinking, cooking, agriculture, industries, etc.
(ii) Due to availability of water, agriculture and industries flourish, generating employment opportunities and leading to development of settlements.
(iii) Shortage of water will hamper the growth of agriculture and industries which lead to less development of settlements.

Question b.
In Brazil, majority of population is found in the eastern coastal areas.
Answer:
(i) Although the coastal climate is hot and humid, and flat land is limited due to rugged topography, the eastern coast of Brazil has a good water supply and a large range of natural resources.
(ii) The region has rich fertile soil which is most suitable for coffee cultivation..
(iii) The region is rich in minerals like iron ore and has a steady power supply.
(iv) An excellent transportation facility is also available here.
(v) Due to these factors, agriculture, industries and trade flourish and settlements increase.
So, majority of Brazil’s population is found in the eastern coastal areas.

Question c.
Urbanisation is increasing rapidly in India.
Answer:
(i) In India, there has been growing industrialisation, leading to availability of jobs in urban areas.
(ii) Urban areas have better facilities and amenities like water supply, electricity, health, education, etc.
(iii) There is increasing migration of people from rural areas to urban areas.
(iv) The urban population is increasing due to the expansion of urban centres and emergence of new towns.
So, urbanisation is increasing rapidly in India.

Question d.
Settlements are sparse in north-eastern Brazil.
Answer:
(i) The north east of Brazil is a Highland.
(ii) As this region lies in a rain shadow region it suffers from droughts.
(iii) Due to scanty rainfall and unavailability of resources, agriculture and industries are not well developed.
(iv) Transport facilities are also very poor here. Therefore, settlements are sparse in north – eastern Brazil.

Question e.
Except Delhi and Chandigarh, urbanisation is low in other parts of India.
Answer:
(i) Delhi and Chandigarh are union territories lying in the flat Northern Plains of India.
(ii) Delhi is the capital of India and has an ancient history of urbanisation while Chandigarh is one of the most well-planned cities.
(iii) Both Delhi and Chandigarh have good water supply due to river Yamuna and the Bhakra Canal.
(iv) As compared to the other cities in North India, both the cities have well-developed infrastructure, good transport links and other amenities.
(v) Fast developing industries and commercial centres in these places, offer high employment opportunities leading to urbanisation.
Hence, except Delhi and Chandigarh, urbanisation is low in other parts of India.

3. Answer in short:

Question a.
Write a comparative note on urbanisation in Brazil and India.
Answer:
(i) Rate of urbanisation in higher in Brazil than in India.
(ii) Growth of urbanisation in India has been slow.
E.g. From 18% in 1961 to 31.2% in 2011.
(iii) Growth of urbanisation in Brazil has been rapid.
E.g. From 47.1% in 1960 to 84.6% in 2010.
(iv) Urbanisation has been more in the southern part than in the Northern part of India.
(v) Urbanisation in Brazil has been more in the coastal states of south and southeast than the states in the interior of the west and north.
(vi) India’s rate of urbanisation has increased continously in a fluctuating rate.
(vii) Brazil’s is rate of urbanisation has increased but in a diminishing rate.

Question b.
Differentiate between the human settlements in the Ganga river basin and the Amazon river basin.
Answer:

Question c.
Why do human settlements grow in specific locations only?
Answer:
Human settlements depend on various factors like climate, availability of water, slope of the land, level of development.
In India, nucleated human settlements are found in the Ganga River Basin because of flat fertile plains, abundance of water, favourable climate and growth of agriculture and industries. Dispersed settlements are found in Himalayan slopes, eastern and southern Rajasthan because of uneven topography, unfavourable climate and lack of development.

In Brazil, nucleated settlements are found in Sao Paulo and southern coast of Brazil, due to nearness to the ocean, fertile soil, availability of natural minerals like iron ore, steady power supply and good transportation system. Dispersed settlements are found in Northern Brazil due to the inaccessible forests in Amazon river basin, unhealthy climate, limitations on use of natural resources drought region and poor transport connectivity.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Human Settlements Intext Questions and Answers

Geographical Explanation

Study the two types of settlement patterns in India given in figure (a) and (b) Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
Identify the type of settlements?
Answer:
Fig a. Settlement Type is: Nucleated and in Fig. b. Settlement Type is: Linear and Dispersed settlement.

Question 2.
Which one is a nucleated settlement? Why?
Answer:
Fig. a. Shows the image of a Nucleated settlement, because it is a cultivated land and has a centrally located water body.

Question 3.
Which one is a dispersed settlement? What could be the reason behind it?
Answer:
In Fig. b. dispersed settlement is observed due to unsuitable topography.

Question 4.
Can you guess in which regions are these settlements located in India?
Answer:
Settlement in Fig. a. is located in the north Indian plain, it might be the river Ganga Basin and settlement in the Fig. b. is located in hilly terrain covered with forest and also a road passing through leads to a dispersed settlement.

Think About It

Question 1.
Tell whether settlements shown in images (a) and (b) are urban or rural.


Answer:
The image shown in (a) is urban and The image shown in (b) is rural

Lets Recall

Question 1.
Some amenities and facilities are given here. Tick (✓) in the relevant column and complete the table on the basis of their presence in urban and rural areas or both.
Answer:

Try This.

Question 1.
In the figure (a) and (b), you can see images of two settlements in Brazil. One is from the Amazon river basin in Brazil while the other belongs to the coastal area. Observe the settlement patterns carefully and name the types of settlement patterns. Write a comment on their density and types.


Answer:
(1) Fig. (a)
Type settlement pattern: Dispersed settlements as they are lying in the dense forested areas of the Amazon Basin.
Density of Population: Sparse.
(2) Fig. (b)
Type settlement pattern: Nucleated settlements as they are lying in the dense forested areas of the Amazon Basin.
Density of Population: Dense.

Can You Tell

Read the graph below and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What was the percentage of urbanisation in 1961?
Answer:
The percentage of urbanisation in 1961 was 18%.

Question 2.
In which decade was urbanisation the highest?
Answer:
Highest urbanisation took place in the decade 1971 -1981.

Question 3.
In which decade was the growth of urbanisation lowest?
Answer:
The growth of urbanisation was lowest in the decade 1961-1971.

Question 4.
What was the growth in the percentage of urbanisation between 1961 and 1971?
Answer:
The growth in the percentage of urbanisation between 1961 and 1971 was of 0.20%

Question 5.
What was the growth in the percentage of urbanisation between 1991 and 2011?
Answer:
The growth in the percentage of urbanisation between 1991 and 2011 was of 5.5%.

Question 6.
What inference can you draw regarding India’s urbanisation after reading the graph?
Answer:
After reading the graph, we can say that urbanisation in India is slowly but continuously rising.

Try This

Look at the table. It shows the growth and share of urban population in total population of Brazil. Draw a line graph from this table. Examine the graph carefully and answer the following questions:
Brazil Percentage of urban population (1960 to 2010)

Answer:

Question 1.
What is the interval of the data?
Answer:
The interval of the data is 10 years.

Question 2.
In which period did urbanisation occur rapidly?
Answer:
Urbanisation occured rapidly in the period 1960 – 1970.

Question 3.
Write five sentences analysing the graph.
Answer:
(i) The graph shows the percentage of urbanisation in Brazil from 1960 to 2010.
(ii) The interval of the data is 10 years.
(iii) Clearly there has been a rapid urbanisation in Brazil.
(iv) The highest urbanisation is seen between 1960 to 1970, when urbanisation grew from 47.1% to 56.8%, a growth of 9.7%.
(v) Urbanisation occurred slowly during the decade from 2000 to 2010, at a growth of 3.1%.

Give It a Try

Question 1.
Prepare a choropleth map showing urban population using the data given in the table below.

Answer:

Colours Of Both

Question 1.
Compare the line graph shown in figure and the one drawn by you for Brazil. Write five lines on the changes that have occurred in urbanisation in both the countries, with time.

Answer:
(i) After comparing the graphs of India and Brazil, it is clear that urbanisation in Brazil has been much more rapid as compared to India.

(ii) Urbanisation in Brazil grew from 47.1% in 1960¬70 to 84.6% in 2000-2010. Whereas urbanisation in India grew from 18% in 1961-70 to 31.2% in 2001-2011.

(iii) But Brazil’s rate of urbanisation is showing signs of decline, whereas India’s rate of urbanisation is showing a slow and consistent growth.

(iv) For e.g. the rate of urbanisation in Brazil has decreased from 9.7% in 1960-1970 to 3.1% in 2000¬2010. Whereas the rate of urbanisation in India has increased from 0.2% in 1961-1971 to 3.4% in 2001-2011.

(v) Both Brazil and India are developing countries, but Brazil shows very high urbanisation as compared to India.

Question 2.
Make a short note on the comparison between the settlement patterns in India and Brazil on the basis of the following points:
(i) Location
(ii) Pattern
(iii) Types
(iv) Density
Answer:
India settlement pattern

• Location : Nucleated settlements are found throughout the plateau region of Narmada Valley, paddy lands in Bihar, U.P, Vindhyan Plateau and several other cultivated parts of India.
• Pattern : Nucleated settlements
• Types: Urban
•  Density : High population density

• Location : Dispersed settlements are found in tribal parts covering central part of India, eastern and southern Rajasthan, Himalayan slopes and land with dissected and uneven topography.
• Pattern : Dispersed settlements
• Types: Rural
• Density : Low population density.

Brazilian settlement pattern

• Location: The Southern and South Eastern parts of Brazil – Areas where there is good water supply, a large range of natural resources, rich soil, large supply of natural minerals, steady energy supply, a good transport system, etc.
• Pattern : Nucleated settlement
• Types: Urban
• Density : High population density.

• Location : Brazilian Highlands, Central part, Amazon Basin region : regions with dense forests, unfavourable climate, poor transport limits, limitations on the use and exploitation of natural resources, etc.
• Pattern : Dispersed settlements
• Type : Rural
• Density: Low population density

Give It a Try

Question 1.
“Observe the two satellite images given below. Describe the settlements with respect to physiography, Considering the physiography, where could these settllements be located? Find out their settlement pattern and limitations with respect to their future growth.
Answer:
(i) Location : Both satellite images show human settlements in a mountainous region. One settlement is along mountain slope, while the other is on top of a mountain.
(ii) Pattern : Dispersed settlements.
(iii) Future growth : Further growth for human settlements seems difficult. This is mainly because of the hilly terrain and forested land along the mountain slope.

Study the choropleth map of Brazil showing the Statewise urban population of Brazil and answer the following questions :

Question 1.
Which state (region) in Brazil is the most urbanised?
Answer:
The states of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Goias, Espirito Santo in the southeastern part of Brazil and the port Manaus in the north are the most urbanised.

Question 2.
Which state (region) in the least urbanised?
Answer:
The states of Para, Maranhao and Piaui in northern part of Brazil are the least urbanised states.

Use Your Brain Power

Question 1.
Which factors have affected urbanisation in Brazil?
Answer:
(i) In Brazil, rapid urbanisation has taken place in South and South East Coastal regions.
(ii) Being in proximity to the Atlantic Ocean have benefitted these regions immensely in the form of mild climatic conditions.
(iii) Availability of water, fertile soil, natural minerals such as iron ore, good transport system and steady electric supply have positively impacted urbanisation in these parts.
(iv) To the north of the Brazilian Highlands is the rain shadow region of ‘Drought Quadrilateral’ with sparse settlements.

Colours Of Both

Question 1.
Write a paragraph on the settlement pattern, urban and rural settlement and urbanisation in India and Brazil.
Answer:

India settlement pattern

• Location : Nucleated settlements are found throughout the plateau region of Narmada Valley, paddy lands in Bihar, U.P, Vindhyan Plateau and several other cultivated parts of India.
• Pattern : Nucleated settlements
• Types: Urban
•  Density : High population density

• Location : Dispersed settlements are found in tribal parts covering central part of India, eastern and southern Rajasthan, Himalayan slopes and land with dissected and uneven topography.
• Pattern : Dispersed settlements
• Types: Rural
• Density : Low population density.

Brazilian settlement pattern

• Location: The Southern and South Eastern parts of Brazil – Areas where there is good water supply, a large range of natural resources, rich soil, large supply of natural minerals, steady energy supply, a good transport system, etc.
• Pattern : Nucleated settlement
• Types: Urban
• Density : High population density.

• Location : Brazilian Highlands, Central part, Amazon Basin region : regions with dense forests, unfavourable climate, poor transport limits, limitations on the use and exploitation of natural resources, etc.
• Pattern : Dispersed settlements
• Type : Rural
• Density: Low population density

Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Human Settlements Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
_______ settlements are found in tribal parts covering central part of India.
(a) Nucleated
(b) Linear
(c) Dispersed
(d) Circular
Answer:
(c) Dispersed

Question 2.
The earlier settlements in Brazil were formed by settlers from _______ mainly in coastal areas.
(a) Africa
(b) Asia
(c) Europe
(d) Australia
Answer:
(c) Europe

Question 3.
Sao paulo has _________ settlements.
(a) isolated
(b) nucleated
(c) scattered
(d) dispersed
Answer:
(b) nucleated

Question 4.
Rural areas of Brazil such as the north east highlands suffer from _____ which make it difficult for practising agriculture.
(a) high rainfall
(b) extreme cold
(c) extreme droughts
(d) extreme heat
Answer:
(c) extreme droughts

Question 5.
Settlements become _____ as we go to the central part of Brazil.
(a) sparse
(b) dense
(c) nucleated
(d) triangular
Answer:
(a) sparse

Question 6.
The growth of urbanisation in India has been ________.
(a) quick
(b) moderate
(c) slow
(d) rapid
Answer:
(c) slow

Question 7.
In India, urbanisation has been more in the _______ part.
(a) Western
(b) Eastern
(c) Northern
(d) Southern
Answer:
(d) Southern

Question 8.
Goa is the most urbanised state in India with _______ urban population.
(a) 92%
(b) 52%
(c) 62%
(d) 82%
Answer:
(c) 62%

Question 9.
_____ is more than 80% urban.
(a) Goa
(b) Gujarat
(c) Delhi
(d) Puducherry
Answer:
(c) Delhi

Question 10.
Today, about ______ of Brazil’s population lives in urban area.
(a) 96%
(b) 66%
(c) 86%
(d) 76%
Answer:
(c) 86%

Question 11.
Looking at the growth in a few parts of the country, the government is promoting “Go _______ ” policy which reduces pressure on other densely populated areas.
(a) East
(b) North
(c) South
(d) West
Answer:
(d) West

Question 12.
Urbanisation has occurred more in the _______ states, in Brazil.
(a) inland
(b) coastal
(c) central
(d) north-western
(b) coastal

Question 13.
_________ is a port on the confluence of the Negro and the Amazon rivers, where urbanisation has occurred.
(a) Alagoas
(b) Parana
(c) Manaus
(d) Ceara
(c) Manaus

Find out the correct group :

Question 1.
States of Brazil in having 91% to 100% urban population.
(a) Sao Paulo, Goias, Espirito Santo and Tocantins.
(b) Espirito Santo, Rio De Janeiro, Para and Goias.
(c) Espirito Santo, Goias, Sao Paulo, Rio De Janeiro.
(d) Sao Paulo, Amapa, Santa Catarina, and Rondonia.
Answer:
(c) Espirito Santo, Goias, Sao Paulo and Rio De Janeiro.

Question 2.
States of India having less than 20% of Urbanization.
(a) Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh and Rajasthan. .
(b) Lakshadweep, Daman and Diu, Puducherry and Nagaland.
(c) Tamil Nadu, Mizoram, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
(d) Odisha, Assam, Bihar and Himachal Pradesh.
Answer:
(d) Odisha, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh.

Question 3.
Nucleated settlements in India.
(a) Vindhyan plateau, Plateau region of Narmada valley, Paddy lands in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
(b) Rajasthan, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and Punjab.
(c) Himalayan slopes, East Rajasthan, Tribal part of Madhya Pradesh and Nagaland.
(d) Vindhyan plateau, Paddy lands in Uttar Pradesh, Land with dissected topography and Bihar.
Answer:
(a) Vindhyan plateau, Plateau region of Narmada valley, Paddy lands in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

Question 4.
Dispersed settlements in India.
(a) West coast, West Rajasthan, Paddy lands of Punjab and Mizoram.
(b) Land with dissected topography, South Rajasthan, Vindhya plateau and Uttar Pradesh.
(c) Tribal part of Madhya Pradesh, Himalayan slopes, West and South Rajasthan and Land with the uneven topography.
(d) Himalayan slopes, Narmada Valley, West Rajasthan and South India.
Answer:
(c) Tribal part of Madhya Pradesh, Himalayan slopes, West and South Rajasthan and Land with the uneven topography.

Question 5.
States of India having urbanization between 41% to 60%.
(a) Chandigarh, Daman and Diu, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh.
(b) Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat and Mizoram.
(c) Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa.
(d) Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Uttarakhand, Assam.
Answer:
(b) Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat, Mizoram.

Question 1.
Match the columns:

Answer:
1 – b
2 – a
3 – d
4 – f

Are the sentences right or wrong?

Question 1.
India does not have a great tradition of urbanisation.
Answer:
Wrong.

Question 2.
The earlier settlements in Brazil were formed by the settlers from America.
Answer:
Wrong.

Question 3.
North-East Highlands of Brazil suffer from extreme drought.
Answer:
Right.

Question 4.
The growth of urbanisation in India has been very fast, reaching 86% in 2011.
Answer:
Wrong.

Question 5.
In underdeveloped countries, the rate of urbanisation is low.
Answer:
Right.

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
Sao Paulo area has nucleated settlements.
Answer:
(i) Sao Paulo is situated in South East coast of Brazil.
(ii) The region has a good water supply.
(iii) It an extensive area under rich fertile soil which is ideal for growing coffee.
(iv) It has a large supply of natural minerals, such as iron ore.
(v) It also has a steady energy supply.
(vi) This region has a good transport system too.
So, Sao Paulo area has nucleated settlements.

Question 2.
The Brazilian government is promoting ‘Go West’ policy.
Answer:
(i) Brazil is one of the few developing countries which is highly urbanised.
(ii) But urbanisation in Brazil is confined to South and South East.
(iii) For e.g. States like Sao Paulo, Goias, Minas Gerais, Rio De Janeiro have very high urban population.
(iv) Western Brazil continues to remain least urbanised, which is creating regional imbalance.
(v) In order to reduce regional imbalance, the Brazil Government is promoting ‘Go-West Policy’.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 History Solutions Chapter 8 Tourism and History Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 History Solutions Chapter 8 Tourism and History

Question 1.
(A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement.
(1) Thomas Cook established a travel agency selling ……………………….. .
(a) handicrafts
(b) toys
(c) food items
(d) tourist tickets
Answer:
(d) tourist tickets

(2) Bhilar is known as the ‘Village of ……………………….. .
(a) books
(b) plants
(c) mangoes
(d) forts
Answer:
(a) Books

(B) Identify and write the wrong pair in the following set.
(1) Matheran – Hill Station
(2) Tadoba – Rock-cut Caves
(3) Kolhapur – Pilgrim Centre
(4) Ajanta – World Heritage
Answer:
(2) Wrong Pair: Tadoba – Rock-cut Caves

Question 2.
Explain the following statements with reasons.
(1) The number of people travelling back and forth from India has increased considerably.
Answer:

• It has become easier to travel because of the easy availability of a number of options like railway, marine and air services.
• Marine has linked the coastal regions. Aviation has brought the entire world closer.
• The economic liberalisation policy of the Indian government has made the travel more easy.
• People travel for studies, relaxation, sightseeing and professional assignments (meetings, etc.), also for shooting films. Therefore, there has been a considerable increase in the number of people travelling back and forth from India.

(2) It is important to take a few primary precautions in order to preserve the historical heritage sites.
Answer:
India has rich natural and cultural heritage. In order to preserve the historical sites following precautionary measures should be taken.

• Avoid vandalising or defacing the heritage monuments and sites.
• To refrain from activities like writing on the wall or carving on the trees.
• Ancient monuments should not be painted in garish colours.
• Lack of good amenities in the precints of the heritage sites causes filthiness. Proper amenities should be provided.
• Heritage monuments like forts and other monuments are testimonies of our glorious past and they serve as guide for future generations.

Therefore, they should be preserved..

Question 3.
Write short notes :
(1) Tradition of Travelling
Answer:

• The tradition of traveffing from one corner to another is not new.
• It existed in India since ancient times.
• In stone age, man was constantly on the move in search of food but that was just wandering not travelling.
• India has got a rich tradition of travelling.
• People go for local fairs, temple fairs, festivals and pilgrimage which comes under cultural tourism.
• People travelled long distance for education and trade.
• Many students visited Nalanda, Takshshila universities in the past.
• As travelling is a natural instinct in man, the tradition of travelling for various reasons is prevalent since ancient times.

(2) Marco Polo
Answer:

• Marco Polo was born in a business family in the Italian city of Venice in 1254 CE.
• He was the first European traveller to reach China taking the silk route.
• His travelogue introduced Asia, especially China to Europe.
• He wrote about the rich flora and fauna, social life, information on culture and trade system in Asia.
• His writings initiated trade between Europe and Asia.

(3) Agro-tourism
Answer:
Visit to agricultural centres and agricultural universities comes under agro-tourism.

1. In recent times lot of research is conducted in the agricultural field. Many new agricultural universities and research centres are formed in India.
2. Projects are undertaken to inform farmers about suitable soil for their crops, organic manures, earthworm compost, etc. Sikkim state is the first organic state of India.
3. Though it receives less rainfall, Israel has made a lot of development in agricultural sector. To obtain information on novel techniques in farming and on projects started, students and city people travel to places.
4. As urban population has very little exposure to rural life and agriculture, agro-tourism is developing rapidly.

Question 4.
Answer the following questions in detail.
(1) What are the crucial issues in the development of tourism?
Answer:
In modern times, tourism is not limited to being a job-oriented profession but it also contributes to the nation’s development.

• Safety of the tourists and secure transport facilities should be given utmost preference.
• Availability of good accommodation and amenities of reasonably good standard should be made available.
• Good washroom facilities oq, the travel routes and at tourists sites should be provided.
• Pamphlets, guides, maps should be made available to the tourists, preferably in their own language.
• It would be helpful if taxi drivers are trained to converse in more than one languages.
• They can also be trained as tourist guides.
• Attention should be given towards the needs of specially challenged people.

(2) In what way tourism becomes a major source of their livelihood?
Answer:
In the following ways development takes place at local level because of tourism:

•  Local markets are developed in the vicinity of a tourist site.
• There is considerable increase in purchase and sales of goods liked by tourists.
• Production and sale of ethnic handicraft goods increase eventually leading to the development of these industries.
• Economic well-being of the skilled craftsmen.
• Increase in demand of locally processed food, hotel services, accommodation and in shops leads to development of these services.
• Local transport, travel agents, guides are in demand. Hence more and more employment opportunities are generated.

(3) What would you do to develop the surroundings of your village /town to help the growth of tourism?
Answer:
It is important to have an understanding of our surroundings. For that some ground work is essential.

1. Historical monuments and temples should be conserved and preserved. Boards having information on them should be put up around the city. We need to pay attention towards cleanliness.
2. Beaches should be clean as clean beaches always attract tourists.
3. Tourists are interested to see projects like earthworm composts, zero waste and working of solar power projects. If such projects are installed they become centre of major tourist attraction.
4. Similarly, tourists are interested to see local art, culture, cottage and handicraft industry. They are enthusiastic to buy locally made handicrafts as souvenirs. I feel if there is economical, geographical, cultural and educational development in our surroundings it will definitely boost tourism.

Question 5.
Complete the following Concept chart:

Answer:

Question 6.
Give elaborate answers to the following.
(1) What are the professional fields associated with tourism?
Answer:
The following fields are related to tourism:

• Hotels, lodging and boarding services.
• Shops selling food items and catering services, etc.
• A reviväl or boost to Handicraft and Cottage industiy resulting in economic well-being of the skilled craftsmen.
• Demand for industries affiliated to hotel industry like Dairy industry.
• Agro industry which supplies vegetables, fruits, fish and meat increases.
• Transport services which are required by tourists such as bus, autorickshaw and taxi, increase in numbers.
• Travel agents, photographers, guides, etc. and other professions related to tourism get a boost.

(2) Describe any three types of tourism.
Answer:
Tourism has been classified into many types, three important types of them are:
(1) Historical Tourism:

• Tourism and history are inseparable.
• The number of people visiting historical places are increasing day by day.
• Tours are arranged to see forts, battlefields which narrate stories of valour of our ancestors and monuments made by them.
• Tourists visit memorials of freedom fighters, forts built by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, palaces built by kings.
• Important places related to the Indian war of independence in 1857, and ashrams of Mahatma Gandhi and Vinoba Bhave.

Thus, this type of historical tourism is popular all around the world.

(2) Geographic Tourism:
Sea beaches, mountain ranges, valleys, snow-capped peaks, pristine jungles, sanctuaries, lakes formed because of meteor impact, waterfalls, form wealth of a nation. People enjoy nature and feel a natural attraction towards it. People around the world visit 8 such places out of curiosity or for leisure.

(3) International Tourism:

• International tourism is on the rise in modern times because of availability of transport facility.
• International tourism is on the rise because people travel for various reasons like international literary conferences, world summits, meetings, business deals, site seeing and visit to religious places.
• International seminars and conferences are held.
• Film festivals are arranged. Such events promote international tourism.

Project
Explain the need to preserve the heritage sites. What measures are required to achieve it? Discuss.

Question 7.
Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option:
(a) The Chinese monk …………………….. travelled in India in 630 C.E.
(a) Hiuen Tsang
(b) Yuan Shwcmg
(c) Fa-Hien
(d) Ho Chi Minh
Answer:
(b) Yuan Shwang

(b) The number of people travelling back and forth from India has increased considerably because of …………………….. .
(a) India’s first war of Independence
(b) India’s independence
(c) Economic liberalisation
(d) Good railway services
Answer:
(c) Economic liberalisation

(c) …………………….. used to arrange hiking tours in Maharashtra to explore the sights closely linked to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
(a) N.S. Incim dar
(b) Ranjit Desai
(c) Vishnubhcrt Godse
(d) Gopal Neelkanth Dandekar
Answer:
(d) Gopal Neelkanth Dandekar.

(d) In order to provide good’ amenities on the pilgrim routes like Chardham Yatras and Bara Jyotirlings …………………….. has spent from her personal funds.
(a) Queen Lakshmibcri
(b) Ahilyabai Holkar
(c) Nanasaheb Peshwa
(d) Vshunbhat Godse
Answer:
(b) Ahilyabai Holkar

(e) A visit to …………………….. at Nighoj in Maharashtra is geographic tourism.
(a) palace
(b) fort
(c) ranjankhalage
(d) temple
Answer:
(c) ranjankhalage

(f) …………………….. has conducted experiments of advanced technology in agriculture.
(a) Egypt
(b) Jordan
(c) Italy
(d) Israel
Answer:
(d) Israel

(g) Travelling to attend events like Maharashtra Kesari is known as ……………………. .
(a) Geographic Tourism
(b) Health Tourism
(c) Agro Tourism
(d) Sports Tourism
Answer:
(d) Sports Tourism

(h) …………………….. successfully circumnavigated Europe.
(a) Marco Polo
(b) Thomas Cook
(c) Benjamin of Tudela
(d) Gerardus Mercator
Answer:
(b) Thomas Cook.

Question 8.
Identify the wrong pair in the following, and write it:
(1)

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Tadoba – Rock-cut Caves

(2)

Answer:
Wrong Pair: First Cartographer who made world map – Thomas Cook

(3)

Answer:
Wrong Pair Jayakwadi – Hill Station

(4)

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Sagareshwar – Dam

(5)

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Tadoba – Rock-cut Caves

Question 9.
Do as directed:
(1)

Answer:

(2)

Answer:

(3)

Answer:

Question 10.
Explain the concept:
(1) Tourism:
Answer:

1. Visiting places in distant regions with a specific purpose is known as Tourism.
2. Tourism can also be defined as going for local fairs, festivals, pilgrimage, entertainment, leisure, historical or places of natural beauty. Man has a natural instinct to travel.
3. Travelling is an old tradition which has undergone changes with time. In modern times, tourism has changed in its nature and form.
4. Tourism expands from the local to the international level. As tourism develops it opens the doors of development for a country.

(2) Religious Tourism:
Answer:

1. When people travel individually or in groups on a pilgrimage, it is known as Religious Tourism. Religious seminars, pilgrimages, religious festivals and travel on occasions to bathe in holy rivers come under religious tourism.
2. Gautam Buddha and Buddhist monks travelled to preach Buddhism and give discourses on Dhama. In the same way, Shankarachaya had travelled to spread Hinduism. St. Francis Xavier along with his followers travelled all over India to preach Christianity.
3. People in Maharashtra walk on foot to reach Pandharpur, Shirdi and many holy places to pay their obeisance.
4. Guru Nanak, Saint Namdev, Samarth Ramdas, as well as Yuan Shwang who came from China in 630 CE to study Buddhism in India, travelled extensively in India.

(3) Heritage Walk:
Answer:

1. Heritage walk . involves physical walking in the area-and observing the historical sites. People go for heritage walks to see historical palaces, forts and old temples.
2. The first hand experience we get is inspirational in forming an emotional connect and a long lasting impression. .
3. Many enthusiastic organisations held such heritage walks in city of Ahmadabad, Mumbai and Pune to enable the people to get glimpses of history.

(4) Cultural tourism:
Answer:

• India has rich tradition of folk arts. Festivals are arranged to promote such art forms.
• Travelling to see such festivals comes under Cultural tourism.
• Visiting historical places to get a glimpse of local culture is also cultural tourism.
• It also involves visiting reputed educational institutions and understand their traditions as well as travelling to see festivals and celebrations in different parts of the country.
• Travelling to participate in various music- dance festivals as audience is also part of cultural tourism.

Question 11.
Write short notes:
(a) Benjamin of Tudela:
Answer:

• Benjamin of Tudela is known to be the first traveller in the world. He was born in Spain.
• He travelled through Asia, Europe and Africa in between 1159-1173 C.E.
• He visited France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Syria, Arabia, Egypt, Iraq and Persia. He even visited India and China.
• He noted down his experiences and observations about people and their living style in his diaries.
• He made accurate observations about the social life in the medieval period.

Hence, his accounts are authentic and are studied by scholars studying the medieval period.

(b) Ibn Batuta:
Answer:

1. Ibn Batuta was born on 25th February, 1304 in present Morocco. He was a great 14th century traveller who travelled for 30 years. His travel accounts enabled people an insight into the Islamic world.
2. Having made’ the resolution of not taking the same route again, he travelled to South and East Africa, South and East Europe, Middle and South east Asia in the Indian subcontinent.
3. His writings are helpful for those who study medieval history and social life.
4. In his book Batuta said,’ “Travelling – it leaves you speechless, then turns you into storyteller.”

(c) Gerardus Mercator:
Answer:

• Gerardus Mercator of 16th century was the first Dutch cartographer.
• He was the first one to make a world map and globe of the earth. He made large and small maps which could be hung on a wall.
• Mercator used the word Atlas’ for the first time. He made scientific and astronomical instruments.
• His maps gave momentum to navigation around the world.

Question 12.
Explain the following statements with reasons:

(a) Maza Pravas is an important source of history.
Answer:

1. Vishnubhat Godse in his travelogue wrote about his journey to Ayodhya and back to Maharashtra.
2. He published a book, called ‘Maza Pravas’ in which he gave an eye witness account of the events which unfolded during the Indian War of Independence in 1857.
3. He gave full detailed descriptions about various incident during that period, especially on the life of the Queen of Jhansi Lakshmibai.
4. His writings give us an idea about the nature of the Marathi language in the 18th century.
   Therefore, it is considered as an important source of history.

(4) Tourism can provide a source of livelihood.
Answer:

1. Tourists visit religious, historical and places of natural beauty. Job opportunities develop to meet the requirements of the tourists.
2. Guides are required to provide information about the place. Photographers take photos of the tourists wearing local costumes. Suppliers of such dresses are required.
3. Horse carts, cabs and other means of transport are required Which gives scope for transport business. Tourists buy local handicrafts. Hence the local handicraft and cottage industry gets promoted.
4. Hotel industry gets boosted. In short, the markets near the tourist centre develop. So, tourism can be a source of livelihood for local people.

Question 13.
Answer the following questions in 20 – 25 words:

(a) Write about the work of Thomas Cook.
Answer:

• Thomas Cook started group tours on commercial basis in the latter half of the 19th century.
• He took 600 people from Leicester to Loughborough by railway.
• Later, he successfully organised a round trip of Europe.
• He opened a travel agency and sold tourists tickets. He organised affordable tours and easy travel.

Thus, his ventures opened the doors for the development of modem tourism.

(b) What are the benefits of religious tourism?
Answer:
The following are the benefits of religious tourism:

• People staying in different parts of the world come together.
• They develop ties as they share the sgme* faith and also feeling of unity develops.
• Religious places get importance and many social welfare projects are undertaken.
• As these places develop, the local business develops leading to improvement in the standard of living of the local people.

(c) Write information on the tourists places in Maharashtra.
Answer:

(d) What is Sports Tourism?
Answer:

1. Sports tourism developed in the 20th century. It involves travelling either to participate in a sporting event or to watch the event.
2. Various sports events are organised at local and state level for different inter school competitions. National level Sports Competitions are also held. International cricket, hockey and football tournaments are held at regular intervals.
3. Wimbledon, French Open, Australian Open and US Open lawn tennis tournaments are held. Every four years, Olympics and Asian Games are held in the country which is the host. Events like the Himalayan car rally at the national level and Maharashtra Kesari at the state level are held.
4. Travelling to participate in these events as players, coaches, umpires, referees, organisers or to attend them as spectators come under sports tourism.

Question 14.
Read the following passage and answer the following questions:
(a) Complete the graphical presentation:

Answer:

(b) What types of books are there in the Village of Books?
Answer:
In the Village of Books, we find books of old and new authors and saints, ranging from biographies, autobiographies, fiction, poetry literature by women, literature on sports and literature for kids. as Village of

(c) Why is Bhilar village known as Village of Books?
Answer:

• Each household in this village maintains a library of its own.
• Tourists enjoy reading these books.
• Maharashtra Government has kept these books in every household so that it becomes easy for the tourists to take and read.
• It is done with a view to accelerate the ‘Reading Culture’ movement to enjoy Marcrthi literature.

Hence, the village is known as ‘Village of Books’.

Question 15.
Give elaborate answers to the following:

(a) Explain the benefits of increasing tourism.
Answer:
Tourism not only benefits an individual but also a country.

• Tourism is an industry which has potential to generate maximum employment.
• New markets are created leading to the development of tourist sites.
• Urbanisation takes place giving rise to new colonies.
• The country earns foreign exchange.
• Handicraft and cottage industry gets a boost.
• Visiting different sites, meeting people speaking different languages and knowing different cultures increases tolerance and peace.
• We get information when we visit places of historical importance and natural beauty. It widens our perspective.
• When we visit historical places we come to know about the glorious past which gives us inspiration to build a bright future.
• It emphasises the need that we have to take care of our heritage.
• Tourism gives us a feeling of personal and collective fulfillment.

(b) Explain the purpose of tourism.
Answer:
Tourism has several purposes and inspiration behind it. They are as follows:

• To see historical monuments forts and cities discovered during excavations. To visit centres promoting ancient art and craft, museums.
• To visit different pilgrim centres, sea beaches, mountain ranges, valleys, snow-capped peaks, pristine jungles.
• To visit special plateaus like Kas plateau, museums, lakes formed because of meteoric impact and valleys of flowers.
• Places of natural beauty gives us enjoyment and experiences which connects us to nature.
• To visit different industrial sites.
• To see medicinal plants and avail of ayurvedic therapies.
• To visit places to see agricultural projects, visit to see agricultural research centres and making of compost pits.
• To travel to watch sports events which comes under sports tourism. To be. part of dance-music, festival or watch as audience, which is cultural tourism.
• People also visit places to attend film festivals, witness the making of movies, science seminars, international conferences, book exhibitions and literary events.

In short, the purpose of tourism differs from person to person. It is explored as per individual interest.

(c) What measures should be taken to conserve historical monuments?
Answer:
Historical monuments and ancient historical sources constitute our cultural heritage. The following measures should be taken to conserve them:

• Seepage of water in forts and in rock-cut caves should be stopped. Creepers which grow on forts should be uprooted.
• Damages due to humidity and heat should be stopped with proper measures.
• To take precautions to avoid deterioration of monuments near the sea because of salt.
• Hygiene should be maintained at tourist sites.
• One should be fined for writing names, carving or defacing the monument in ary manner.
• Government should take measures to avoid the monuments getting vandalised.
• Awareness should be created among the people about the need to preserve monuments.
• Along with government, people and private sectors should contribute to raise funds for the preservation of projects.

(d) Distinguish between Local tourism and International tourism.
Answer:

(e) What facilities should be made available to the tourists?
Answer:
The following facilities should be provided to tourists:
Facilities for tourists:

• Safe and secured transport facilities, translators and guides.
• Ensure safety of the tourists.
• Good and clean hotels and eateries. Clean drinking water at various places of visit.
• Good washrooms on the travel routes and at tourists sites.
• Care should be taken that tourists do not endure physical or mental distress.
• Tourists should not be cheated when they make purchases.

(f) How would you behave with the tourists if you are the local person at a tourist site?
Answer:
Tourists visit any tourist site having faith in the local people:

• I will behave well with the tourists. I will extend my cooperation.
• I will inform them about the tourist places , known to me, which things they can buy and where.
• I will be careful that they face no problems.

(g) What kind of new occupations were introduced in the surroundings of your village/ town because of growing tourism?
Answer:
The following job opportunities were created in the surroundings of my town because of growing tourism:

• The number of tourist guides, porters increased.
• More services of autorickshaw, taxi, horse-to ride, horse carts, etc. were provided.
• New hotels and shops selling food items came up in vicinity.
• Juice and cold drink centres were started.
• Milk, vegetables and tea stalls were set up.
• New shops selling handicraft and local things opened.
• What kind of new occupations were introduced in the surroundings of your village/town because of growing tourism?
• What difference could be observed in the lifestyle of people in the surroundings of your village-town because of growing tourism?

(h) What difference can be observed in the lifestyle of people in the surroundings of your village-town because of growing tourism?
Answer:
Tourism improves standard of living of the people:

• Small towns transform into urban cities.
• Standard of living improves to great extent.
• Modern housing colonies come up in place of small houses.
• Different types of business as prosper.
• Artists get promoted which helps in sale of their artefacts.
• Number of two-wheelers and four-wheelers increase.
• I have observed these changes in the surroundings of my town.

Memory Map

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 9 Tourism, Transport and Communication Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 9 Tourism, Transport and Communication

Class 10 Geography Chapter 9 Tourism, Transport and Communication Textbook Questions and Answers

1. State whether right or wrong with reasons.

Question a.
The future of tourism is bright in India due to its natural diversity.
Answer:
Right.

Question b.
Tourism is an invisible trade.
Answer:
Right.

Question c.
The indicator of development in a country is the development of transport in that country.
Answer:
Right

Question d.
Brazil’s time is ahead of India’s time.
Answer:
Wrong

Question 5.
The development of tourism in India has begun recently.
Answer:
Right.

2. Answer in short:

Question a.
Which factors attract more tourists in Brazil?
Answer:
The factors which attract more tourists in Brazil are:

• Clean, white sand beaches
• Attractive seacoasts
• Beautiful islands
• Beautiful orchards
• Deep dense forests of Amazon
• Various birds and animals
• Cities like the new capital city of Brasilia, Rio-de- Janeiro and Sao Paulo.
• Eco-tourism

Question b.
What are the difficulties in the development of the railway system in Brazil’s internal areas?
Answer:

• The densely forested lands of Amazon River Basin and the swampy lands have limited the development of railways in Brazil.
• Large pockets of Brazil are unpopulated. Roadways are the most common mode of transportation in the Eastern part of Brazil and waterways have developed on a commercial basis in the Amazon River.
• The trains are used for long distance transportation of passengers only in a few cities and by tourists. These are the difficulties in the development of the railway system in Brazil’s internal areas.

Question 3.
A plane leaves Brasilia at 11 a.m. on 31st December. The plane crosses 0° Meridian and reaches Vladivostok via New Delhi. Tell the local time, date and day at New Delhi and Vladivostok when the plane leaves Brasilia.

Answer:

Time difference between Brasilia and GMT = 3 hours
Time at GMT = 11 a.m.+3 hours
= 2.00p.m.

Time difference between GMT and New Delhi = 5 hours 30 min.
Time at New Delhi = 2 a.m. + 5 hours 30 min.
= 7 hours 30 min.
= 31st December,
Sunday, 7.30 p.m.

Time difference between
New Delhi and Vladivostok = 4 hours 30 min.
Time at Vladivostok = 7.30 p.m. + 4 hours 30 min.
= 12.00 am

The local time, date and day at Delhi are 7 : 30p.m. , 31st December, Sunday
local time, date and day at Vladivostok are 12 am. , 1st January, Monday.

4. Match the following:

Answer:
1 – d
2 – c
3 – a
4 – b

5. Give geographical reasons:

Question a.
Eco-tourism is being developed more in Brazil.
Answer:

• Eco-tourism means responsible travel to natural areas without causing damage to the environment.
• Brazil has the largest number of vegetation species in the world including Amazon, the largest rainforest of the world and a great diversity of wild life.
• It has clean white sand beaches, attractive seacoasts, beautiful islands and orchards. Looking at the sensitivity of the natural resources in Brazil, ecotourism is being developed here.

Question b.
The internal waterways are not developed in Brazil.
Answer:

• Most of the rivers in Brazil flow with high speed.
• The amount of discharge of many rivers is very huge.
• In Brazil, rigid topography is found at many places near river basins. Many of the areas near rivers are inaccessible.
• Therefore, internal waterways are not developed in Brazil.

Question c.
A dense network of railways has developed in the North Indian Plains.
Answer:

• The North Indian Plains are flat plain lands with a dense population.
• Due to agricultural development, many agro- based industries have developed here.
• Thus there is a high demand for transportation especially railways for movement of freight and passenger transport.

Question d.
Development of transport is important for the country’s progress.
Answer:

• Transport modes help is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another.
• Transport enables social, economic and cultural development of the country.
• Road transport facilitates door-to-door service.
• Rail transport is suitable for long distance and bulky goods.
• Water transport plays an important role in international trade and suitable for bulky goods.
• Air transport provides the fastest means of transportation.

Question e.
We rely on the sea routes for international trade.
Answer:

• Waterways is the cheapest modes of transportation for bulky and perishable goods over long distances.
• International trade includes import and export of goods.
• India is surrounded by Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and India Ocean, therefore we have a long coastline.
• So we rely on the sea routes for international trade.

6. Differentiate between:

Question a.
Water transport in the Amazon and the Ganga river.
Answer:

Question b.
Communication in Brazil and India
Answer:

Question c.
IST and BRT
Answer:

7. Write short notes on:

Question a.
Modem means of communication:
Answer:
(i) Modern means of communication includes landlines as well as mobile services, television broadcasting and computer/internet access.
(ii) In this era of information and communication technology, digitally enhanced communication devices like mobile phones, smart phones, internet and satellites are being used.

Question b.
Air transport in India:
Answer:
(i) Air transport is more developed in India as compared to Brazil.
(ii) The use of international and internal airways is increasing.
(iii) Important airports from where domestic and foreign travel take place are Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, etc.

Question c.
Correlation between physiography and internal waterways:
Answer:
(i) Internal (Inland) waterways comprises of rivers, canals, backwaters, creeks, etc. which are the cheap means of transportation.
(ii) Deep waters, gentle slopes, absence of rapids and waterfalls and the long course of rivers are favourable factors for development of internal waterways.
(iii) The longest waterways in the world is developed in the Amazon river in Brazil which is navigable for around 3700 kms.
(iv) Perennial river like Ganga in India is navigable in its lower course but the peninsular rivers are not used due to shallow waters, shorter course, seasonal nature, etc.

Question d.
Importance of Standard Time:
Answer:
(i) Standard Time is the official time and is commonly accepted all over the country or region.
(ii) The importance of Standard Time is the most, if the country has a vast longitudinal extent, since there will be a great difference between the time of its places located in the eastern and the western parts.
(iii) It helps in making proper schedules of travel, business meeting, co-ordinating the functioning of various organisations, etc.
(iv) Thus Standard Time helps in avoiding confusion regarding day, date and time.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 9 Tourism, Transport and Communication Intext Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions on the basis of the map given.

Observe the map carefully and answer the following questions:


Question 1.
Name the terminal points of the North-South Corridor of Golden quadrilateral Highway.
Answer:
North – Srinagar, South – Kanyakumari.

Question 2.
Name the terminal points of East-West corridor Golden Quadrilateral highway.
Answer:
East – Silchar ; West – Porbandar.

Question 3.
Name the three major ports on the western coast.
Answer:
Porbandar, Mumbai and Cochin are the three major ports on the western coast.

Question 4.
Name the three major ports on the eastern coast.
Answer:

1. Chennai
2. Vishakhapatnam and
3. Haldia

Question 5.
(Kolkata) are the three major ports on the eastern coast. Which parts of India have a spare network of road transport route? Give reason.
Answer:
The northernmost part of India in the state of Jammu and Kashmir does not have any national highway or other roadways, because it is a mountainous region.

Observe the given map carefully and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What does the map indicate ?
Answer:
The map indicates the important railway routes and airports of India.

Question 2.
Which part of India has many airports compared to the others?
Answer:
The Southern part of India (i.e.) Peninsular India has many airports compared to the other parts of India.

Question 3.
Which part of India has a dense network of rail routes?
Answer:
North Indian plains region has a dense network of rail routes.

Question 4.
Name the northernmost important railway station.
Answer:
Baramulla is the northernmost important railway station.

Question 5.
Name the easternmost important railway station.
Answer:
Tinsukia is the easternmost important railway station.

Question 6.
Name the two westernmost important railway stations.
Answer:
Okha and Naliya are the two westernmost important railway stations.

Try this

Look at the graph and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which country attracted more international tourists in the year 1995?
Answer:
India attracted more international tourists in the year 1995.

Question 2.
In which country did more international tourists arrive in the year 2000?
Answer:
More international tourists arrived in Brazil in the year 2000.

Question 3.
In which year can an increase be seen in the number of international tourists in India?
Answer:
An increase in the number of international tourists in India can be seen from the year 2010.

Question 4.
What was the number of international tourists in the year 2015 in both the countries? What was the difference between them?
Answer:
The number of international tourists in India in 2015 was approximately 130 lakhs. The number of international tourists in Brazil in 2015 was 60 lakhs. The difference between India and Brazil in the numbers of international tourists in 2015 was 70 lakh people. (130 lakhs – 60 lakhs).

Question 5.
What could be the reason of increase in tourists in India after the year 2010?
Answer:
There is an increase in tourists coming to India after 2010 because :

• Different types of tourism like eco-tourism, health tourism, business tourism, etc. have been promoted by the Indian Government.
• The quality of travel and stay in India has also improved.

Question 6.
Name the kind of graph shown above.
Answer:
Polyline graph.

Can you tell ?

Look at the graph and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What type of graph is shown here?
Answer:
The type of graph shown here is a Joint Bar Graph.

Question 2.
What does the graph show?
Answer:
The graph shows:

• The percentage of population engaged in tourism in Brazil and India in 2016.
• The contribution of tourism in GDP by both the countries in 2016.

Question 3.
Which country’s tourism has a larger share in the contribution towards GDP?
Answer:
Brazil’s tourism has a larger share in the contribution towards GDP.

Question 4.
Which country has a larger population engaged in tourism sector but contributes lesser in GDP?
Answer:
India has a larger population engaged in tourism sector but contributes lesser in GDP terms.

Question 5.
How much percentage of India’s population is engaged in tourism?
Answer:
Nearly 9.5 percentage of Indian population is engaged in tourism.

Question 6.
How much is the contribution of tourism in India’s GDP in 2016? .
Answer:
The contribution of tourism in India’s GDP in 2016 is nearly 8.5 per cent.

Make friends with maps

Study the transport map of Brazil and answer the following.

Question 1.
Which means of transport are seen on the map?
Answer:
All the means of transport like roadways, railways, airways, and waterways are seen on the map.

Question 2.
Which means of transport has a denser network?
Answer:
The roadways have a denser network.

Question 3.
Which highway can be seen prominently? Which places does it join?
Answer:
The Trans Amazonian Highway can be seen prominently. It connects Cruzeiro do sul, Porto Velho, Manaus and Brasilia.

Question 4.
What could be the reason for the development of railways in the South-East?
Answer:
(i) South-east Brazil is the richest and the most populated region of the country.
(ii) Agriculture, mining, and tourism are well developed in this part of Brazil.

Question 5.
In which part of Brazil do you see a lesser development of transport network? What could be the reason?
Answer:
(i) Amazon in the north and Pantanal in the west have lesser development of transport network.
(ii) Amazon in the north due to dense forest cover whereas Pantanal is a swampy land.

Think about it.

Question 1.
Considering the development of transport in a place, which factors do you think are responsible for the development of transport in Brazil? Also, think which means of transport could be used in Brazil given its topography and drainage?
Answer:
Considering the development of transport in a place, the factors that are responsible for the development of transport in Brazil are:

• The physiography, accessibility, population, climatic conditions, availability of power/fuel, funds, etc.
• Roads and ports need to be upgraded.
• Railways are few and competitive. They can be increased in the central part.
• With its topography and drainage Brazil should develop more waterways.

Activity

Look at the transport maps of India and the make friends with maps.

Question 1.
Which means of transport are visible on the map?
Answer:
The means of transport used are roadways and waterways.
The means of transport used are railways and airways.

Question 2.
In which part of India is the density of railways more?
Answer:
The density of railways is more in the Northern Plains region.

Question 3.
Name five important ports and airports of India.
Answer:
Ports: Mumbai ,Vishakhapatanam, Haldia, Chennai and Kandla.
Airports: Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, and Kolkata.

Question 4.
Which parts of India have a sparse network of transport? What could be the reason?
Answer:
(i) The north and the north-east parts of India have a sparse network of transport.
(ii) Due to mountainous and snow covered areas in the north and the dense inaccesible forest areas of the north-east, the transportation network is sparse here.
(iii) Also these regions have low population and lack of economic opportunities.

Give it a try.

Question 1.
Arun called his mother from Digboi at 7 am. At what local time will his mother pick up his call at Jaisalmer?
Answer:
Arun’s mother will pick his call at 5.00 am. local time at Jaisalmer.

Question 2.
Calculate the difference in time between the two points in minutes.

Westernmost point: Nascente do Rio Moa (07° 32’33″S, 70° 59’W) Easternmost point: Ponta do Seixas, Paraiba (07° 09′ 28″S, 34° 47’W),
Answer:
The difference in time between the Easternmost and the Westernmost part of Brazil is 168 minutes.

Activity

Read the map and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
How many divisions can you see in the map?
Answer:
We can see 4 divisions in the map.

Question 2.
What do these divisions signify?
Answer:
These divisions signify the time zones in Brazil.

Question 3.
What does the term ’behind the GMT’ mean?
Answer:
The Greenwich Meridian Time is a time set with reference to 0° longitude that passes through Greenwich. The countries lying to the west of 0° longitude are ’behind the GMT’.

Question 4.
Which part of Brazil is ahead of other?
Answer:
The easternmost part of Brazil is ahead of the other parts.

Question 5.
By how many minutes is this part ahead of others?
Answer:
60 to 180 minutes.

Question 6.
What does the red line in the map show?
Answer:
The red line in the map is the official BRT which is in the GMT-03 time zone. It is 3 hours behind GMT.

Make friends with maps

Study the map given in figure and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Calculate the difference between the two longitudinal extremes of mainland India. Is it more than Brazil?
Answer:
The difference between the two longitudinal extremes of east and west mainland India is about 29°.

Question 2.
Which longitude in India is called the Indian Standard Time (IST)?
Answer:
The 82° 30′ E longitude is called Indian Standard Time (IST)

Question 3.
What is the difference between IST and the GMT?
Answer:
The IST time is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of the GMT.

Question 4.
How many local times are there in India?
Answer:
There are 29 local times.

Question 5.
How much is the time difference between the western most and the eastern most points of India?
Answer:
Two hours, 120 minutes.

Think about it.

Question 1.
It is 12 noon at Delhi. What would be the local time in Brasilia?
Answer:
If it is 12 noon at Delhi, the local time in Brasilia would be 3.30 a.m. This is because Brasilia is 3 hours behind GMT and Delhi is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT. Therefore

Time difference between Brasilia and Delhi is of 8 hours 30 mins (3 hours + 5 hours 30 mins) Time at Delhi = 12 noon
Time at Brasilia = 12 noon – 8 hours 30 mins
= 3.30 a.m.

Use your brain power

Question 1.
Saurabh and Ashwini work for a MNC. Two of their regional head offices are located in Brazil in Rio De Janeiro and Manaus, respectively. Both of them have to contact either of the head offices constantly.
As they have to adjust timings according to their head offices, find out their corresponding timings in India, if they work according to office timings in Brazil, i.e 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Answer:
(i) Let us assume Saurabh is coordinating with Rio De Janeiro’s head office and Ashwini is coordinating with the head office of Manaus.
(ii) Brazil has four time zones. It is behind the GMT by 2, 3, 4 or 5 hours.
(iii) Rio De Janeiro is in the 2nd time zone which is 3 hours behind GMT (GMT-03) and Manaus is the 3rd time zone which is 4 hours behind GMT (GMT-04).
(iv) Now, the time difference between GMT and 1ST is of 5 hours 30 mins.
They have to make following adjustments :

Rio De Janeiro is in the 2nd time zone which is 3 hours behind GMT (GMT-03) and Manaus is the 3rd time zone which is 4 hours behind GMT (G
Corresponding timings in India Saurabh: 6.30 p.m. to 1.30 a.m. Ashwini: 7.30 p.m. to 2.30 a.m.

Give it a try

Question 1.
On what basis will you decide how many standard times should be there in a country?
Answer:
The longitudinal extent of a country will help one decide how many standard times should be there in a country.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 9 Tourism, Transport and Communication Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
The new capital city of Brazil is ______.
(a) Rio de Janeiro
(b) Sao Paulo
(c) Manaus
(d) Brasilia
Answer:
(d) Brasilia

Question 2.
A city that attracts a lot of tourists is _______.
(a) Rio de Janeiro
(b) Brasilia
(c) Manaus
(d) Ponta de Seixas
Answer:
(a) Rio de Janeiro

Question 3.
The proportion of the Indian population engaged in tourism is proportionately _____ Brazil.
(a) lower than
(b) higher than
(c) equal to
(d) extremely lesser than
Answer:
(b) higher than

Question 4.
The football stadium at ______ is quite well known
(a) Rio de Janeiro
(b) Manaus
(c) Sao Paulo
(d) Boa Vista
Answer:
(b) Manaus

Question 5.
The most common method of transportation in Brazil is ____.
(a) railways
(b) waterways
(c) roadways
(d) airways
Answer:
(c) roadways

Question 6.
The density of road network in Brazil is concentrated in the ____ part of the country.
(a) southern
(b) northern
(c) western
(d) eastern
Answer:
(d) eastern

Question 7.
The forested lands of the Amazon River basin and the ______ lands have limited the development of roadways in this part of Brazil.
(a) drought-prone
(b) fertile
(c) swampy
(d) semi-arid
Answer:
(c) swampy

Question 8.
Waterways have been developed on a commercial basis in the _____ river.
(a) Amazon
(b) Uruguay
(c) Purus
(d) Aragua
Answer:
(a) Amazon

Question 9.
Boats ply from _____ in Peru to the mouth of the river Amazon.
(a) Lima
(b) Cusco
(c) Equitos
(d) Nazca
Answer:
(c) Equitos

Question 10.
Apart from R. Amazon, another important river for waterways is the ____ Parana river.
(a) south-flowing
(b) north-flowing
(c) east-flowing
(d) west-flowing
Answer:
(a) south-flowing

Question 11.
The contribution of ______ is less in the transportation system of Brazil.
(a) railways
(b) roadways
(c) waterways
(d) airways
Answer:
(d) airways

Question 12.
Railway network is dense in the ______ of India.
(a) hilly states
(b) north-eastern states
(c) central parts of India
(d) north indian plains
Answer:
(b) north-eastern states

Question 13.
Approximately, 95% of foreign trade moves through ______ routes, in India.
(a) road
(b) rail
(c) air
(d) ocean
Answer:
(d) ocean

Question 14.
The westernmost extreme point on mainland Brazil is ______.
(a) Rio Grande
(b) Rio de Janeiro
(c) Nascente do Rio Moa
(d) Ponta do Seixas
Answer:
(c) Nascente do Rio Moa

Question 15.
The easternmost extreme point on mainland Brazil is ______
(a) Rio Grande
(b) Sao Paulo
(c) Ponta do Seixas
(d) Nascente do Rio Moa
Answer:
(c) Ponta do Seixas

Question 16.
Brazil has ______ time zones.
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
Answer:
(b) 4

Question 17.
(BRT) Brazil time is _____ hours behind GMT.
(a) three
(b) four
(c) five
(d) six
Answer:
(a) three

Question 18.
Today, more than 45% of the Brazilian population has access to the ______.
(a) mobile services
(b) television broadcasting
(c) radio broadcasting
(d) internet
Answer:
(d) internet

Question 19.
The telecommunication infrastructure is fairly modern, particularly in ____ Brazil.
(a) north
(b) north-west
(c) north-east
(d) central-south
Answer:
(d) central-south

Question 20.
______ services in Brazil are well-developed and efficient.
(a) Air
(b) Railway
(c) Helicopter
(d) Telecommunication
Answer:
(d) Telecommunication

Question 21.
With regard to telecommunication infrastructure, the north and ______ are drastically less developed.
(a) south
(b) south-west
(c) north-west
(d) central-south
Answer:
(c) north-west

Question 22.
Over recent years, _______ have led to the rapid expansion of telecommunication services in Brazil.
(a) landline phones
(b) radio broadcasting
(c) television broadcasting
(d) mobile telephones
Answer:
(d) mobile telephones

Question 23.
India has ______ standard time zone/s.
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four
Answer:
(a) one

Question 24.
The difference between the two extreme most points in India is about _____.
(a) 120 minutes
(b) 210 minutes
(c) 168 minutes
(d) 186 minutes
Answer:
(a) 120 minutes

Question 25.
The difference between the two extreme most points of Brazil is _______.
(a) 186 minutes
(b) 168 minutes
(c) 120 minutes
(d) 200 minutes
Answer:
(b) 168 minutes

Question 26.
The 82°30’E longitude is the Indian Standard Time longitude which passes though ________.
(a) Allahabad
(b) Ahmedabad
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Muzzaffarabad
Answer:
(a) Allahabad

Question 27.
India is one of the largest users of _______ and internet.
(a) landlines phones
(b) television
(c) radio
(d) smartphones
Answer:
(d) smartphones

Question 28.
About 85% of passenger and 70% of freight traffic are carried by every year in India.
(a) roadways
(b) railways
(c) waterways
(d) airways
Answer:
(a) roadways

Question 29.
______is the official time of Brazil.
(a) GMT-01
(b) GMT-04
(c) GMT-03
(d) GMT-02
Answer:
(c) GMT-03

Question 30.
The prominent highway of Brazil is ________.
(a) Trans Belem Highway
(b) Trans Rio Grande Highway
(c) Trans Amazonian Highway
(d) Trans Brasilia Highway
Answer:
(c) Trans Amazonian Highway

Match the following:

Question 1.

Answer:
1 – d
2 – e
3 – b
4 – a
5 – c

Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
State the factors that attract foreign tourists towards India.
Answer:
Foreign tourists visit India to see and understand its rich heritage and culture, for adventure, to avail the health services and for business purposes.

Question 2.
What is the kind of service provided by roadways in India?
Answer:
About 85% of passenger traffic and 70% of freight traffic are carried by roadways every year in India.

Question 3.
How important are the inland waterways in India’s transportation?
Answer:
Inland waterways comprising rivers, canals, backwaters, creeks, etc., which contribute about only 1% to India’s transportation.

Question 4.
In what way are the ocean routes useful for India?
Answer:
Approximately 95% of India’s foreign trade moves through ocean routes.

Question 5.
What kind of advanced space technology is Brazil developing?
Answer:
Brazil is developing technology to send domestically-made satellites into space with its own rockets.

Question 6.
Write a short note about the telecommunication infrastructure in different parts of Brazil.
Answer:
The telecommunication infrastructure is fairly modern, particularly in central-south Brazil, but the north and north-west are drastically less developed.

Question 7.
Why have roadways not developed in the north and north-western part?
Answer:
The forested lands of the Amazon River basin and the swampy lands have limited the development of roadways in the north and north-western region.

Question 8.
Which time zone is considered to be the official Brazilian time?
Answer:
GMT-03 Time Zone is considered to be the official Brazilian time.

Distinguish between:

Question 1.
The use of railways in Brazil and India.
Answer:

Question 2.
The longitudinal extent of India and Brazil
Answer:

Question 3.
The density of roadways in Brazil and India.
Answer:

Question 1.
Mark the following on an outline map of Brazil. Name the following:

1. The new capital city of Brazil.
2. Two cities that attract a lot of tourist.
3. A south-flowing river important for waterways.
4. The easternmost extreme point of mainland Brazil.
5. The westernmost extreme point part of mainland Brazil.

Answer:

Question 2.
Show the following on a given outline map of Brazil.
Given index:

(A) Ports:

• Vitoria
• Manaus

(B) Airports:

• Brasilia
• Campo Grande

(C) Railway Junctions:

• Sao Paulo
• Rio de Janeiro

Answer:

Question 3.
Show the following on a given outline map of India. Give index:
Given index:
(A) Ports:

• Chennai
• Porbandar
• Kochin
• Kandla
• Kolkata

(B) Airports :

• Bengaluru
• Delhi
• Pune
• Thiruvananthapuram

(C) Railway Junctions :

• Mumbai
• Itarsi
• Kota
• Nagpur

Answer:

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
India’s contribution of tourism to its GDP appears lesser than Brazil and population engaged seems higher.
Answer:
(i) The number of international tourists visiting India in 2015 was more than that of Brazil.
(ii) Even though this is true, the share of tourism sector in the GDP is less than that of Brazil.
(iii) Apart from this, the proportion of Indian population engaged in tourism is higher than that of Brazil.
(iv) This is primarily dependent on the size of the population of those countries and the size of the GDP.
(v) According to the data available, the population of India is more than Brazil and so is its GDP.
(vi) As the GDP of India is higher than Brazil’s GDP to GDP appears lesser than Brazil’s and population engaged seems higher.

Question 2.
Railways are important for the growth of the Indian economy.
Answer:
(i) Railways are very important for a vast country like India where the distance between places is long.
(ii) Freight and passenger transport have been facilitated due to the development of the railways.
(iii) The more the facilities available for passenger transport and freight transport, the more growth in the economy.
Thus, the railways are very important for the Indian economy’s growth.

Question 3.
Brazil’s time is not ahead of India’s time.
Answer:
(i) The GMT i.e, Greenwich Mean Time, divides the globe into eastern and western hemisphere.
(ii) India lies to the east of GMT and Brazil lies to the West of GMT.
(iii) Places lying to the east of GMT, are ahead of time and places lying to the west of GMT (like Brazil) are behind time.

Question 4.
The future of tourism is bright in India.
Answer:
(i) India is rich in natural beauty that includes mountains, forests, plateaus, plains, islands, coastal areas, beaches, etc.
(ii) India also has a rich heritage and a huge variety of cultural and historical attractions.
(iii) In recent years new forms of tourism have been developed in India like Eco tourism, Agro tourism, Medical tourism, Film tourism, etc.
(iv) Also infrastructural facilities, branding and marketing initiatives have helped to promote Indian tourism.
So the future of tourism is bright in India.

Question 5.
Tourism is an invisible trade.
Answer:
(i) Tourism belongs to the service sector as various services are provided to the tourists.
(ii) For e.g., hotels, lodges, transport, food, entertainment, etc.
(iii) Tourism increase the GDP of economy without exchange of goods.
Thus, tourism is an invisible trade.

Question 6.
he indicator of development in a country is the development of transport in that country.
Answer:
(i) Transportation facilitates trade and creates employment opportunities.
(ii) With the development of transport there is socio-economic and cultural development of the country.
Hence it is an indicator of development in a country.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 8 Economy and Occupations Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 8 Economy and Occupations

Class 10 Geography Chapter 8 Economy and Occupations Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blank with appropriate word.

Question a.
India’s per capita income is less than Brazil due to _______.
(a) low national income
(b) massive population
(c) big family size
(d) low foodgrain production
Answer:
(b) massive population

Question b.
The economy of Brazil is mainly dependent on ______ the activities.
(a) primary
(b) secondary
(c) tertiary
(d) quaternary
Answer:
(c) tertiary

Question c.
The economics of India and Brazil are of the _____ type
(a) undeveloped
(b) developed
(c) developing
(d) highly developed
Answer:
(c) developing

2. Answer the following questions:

Question a.
Why has mining not developed in the western part of Brazil?
Answer:
(i) Most of the western part of Brazil is covered by the thick dense equatorial rainforests of the Amazon Basin.
(ii) Inaccessibility, poor transport links, unfavourable climate, heavy rainfall are the main barriers for mining in this part.
(iii) Moreover, lack of knowledge of potential reserves of resources is the other factor which has led to limitations in mining in the western part of Brazil.
(iv) Therefore, mining is not developed in the western part of Brazil.

Question b.
What are the similarities and differences in the fishing activities in Brazil and India.
Answer:
Similarities:

• In Brazil and India fishing activity is developed near the coastal areas.
• In both the countries, marine fishing is well- developed.

Differences:

• In India, fresh water fishing is practised, whereas in Brazil due to unfavourable conditions, fresh water fishing is not developed.
• The meeting of the warm Brazil current and the cold Falkland current, off the coast of South-East Brazil makes it a good fishing ground. In India such currents do not come together but due to other favourable conditions fishing has been developed.
• Major fishes of Brazil are swordfish, shrimp, lobsters and sardines.
• Major fishes of India are mackerel, bombay duck, prawns, horse mackerels, clupeids, silver bellies and sardines.

3. Give reasons:

Question a.
Per capita land availability is more in Brazil as compared to India.
Answer:

• India occupies 2.4% land area of the world and supports 17.5% of the world’s total population.
• Brazil occupies 5.6% of land area of the world and supports only 2.75% of the world’s total population.
• Average density of population in India is about 382 persons per sq. km. while average density of population in Brazil is around 23 persons per sq. km.
• Thus Brazil’s population is lesser than India, but it occupies a larger land area than India.
• So, the per capita land availability is more in Brazil as compared to India.

Question b.
There is mixed economy in Brazil and India.
Answer:

• In a mixed economy there is a co-existence of public sector and private sector.
• In Brazil, sectors like health, banking, telecommunications, railways and airways are owned and managed by both public and private sectors.
• In India railways is largely a public sector whereas all the other sectors are owned and managed by both private and public sectors.
• So it is said that there is a mixed economy in Brazil and India.

4. Study the following graph and analyse in short.

Answer:
(i) This is a compound bar graph showing the contribution of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors to the national income of India and Brazil.
(ii) It also shows the percentage of population engaged in these sectors.
(iii) The contribution of primary, secondary and tertiary sector to India’s national income is about 17%, 26% and 57% respectively.
(iv) Whereas the contribution of primary, secondary and tertiary sector to Brazil’s national income is about 5%, 28% and 67% respectively.
(v) The population engaged in primary, secondary and tertiary sector of India is about 49% 24% and 27% respectively.
(vi) The population engaged in primary, secondary and tertiary sector of Brazil is about 10%, 19% and 71% respectively.
(vii) Thus it is understood clearly from the graph that Brazil is not an agrarian economy like India.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 8 Economy and Occupations Intext Questions and Answers

Give It a Try

Read the following graph and answer the following questions:
Gross National Incomes (GNI) from 1960 to 2016 (in million US. $)

Question 1.
Which country’s national income was the highest in 2016 and how much was it?
Answer:
USA’s national income was highest in 2016. It was approx. U.S. $ 18000 million.

Question 2.
Comparing India and Brazil, which country had a higher national income in 1980?
Answer:
Brazil had a higher national income in 1980, as compared to India.

Question 3.
Comparing India and Brazil, which country had a higher national income in 2016?
Answer:
Comparing India and Brazil, India had a higher national income.in 2016.

Question 4.
Tell the difference between the GNP of Brazil and India in 2016.
Answer:
The difference between the GNP of Brazil and India in 2016 is approximately US $ 300 million. (India : $ 2000 million – Brazil: $ 1700 million)

Question 5.
Name the developing and developed economies based on the graph?
Answer:
India and Brazil are developing economies and the USA is a developed economy.

Question 6.
Calculate the difference between the national incomes of developed and developing countries , in 2016.
Answer:
The difference between the national incomes of developed and developing countries in 2016 was nearly U.S. $ 16500 million.
(US: $18500 million – India, Brazil: $ 2000 million)

Try this

Question 1.
A table regarding the ownership of various sectors in both the countries is given. Like Brazil, fill the details regarding India and complete the table.
Answer:

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Classify the following activities by ticking ( ✓ ) in the respective column
Answer:

Question 2.
Name the warm and cold ocean currents near the Brazilian coast.
Answer:
Warm ocean current: Brazil current Cold ocean current: Falkland current

Question 3.
Read the following table and answer the following questions.

Question (1).
What is balance of trade?
Answer:
Balance of trade is the difference between the value of a nation’s exports and imports for a certain period.

Question (2).
Tell the types of balance of trades.
Answer:
There are three types of balance of trade they are as follows:

• Unfavourable balance of trade: The value of imports is more than the value of exports.
• Favourable balance of trade: The value of exports is more than the value of imports.
•  Balanced trade: The value of exports and imports is almost the same.

Question (3).
In which country do export exceed the imports in all the years?
Answer:
In Brazil, export exceeds the import in all the years.

Question (4).
Brazil’s balance of trade belongs to which type?
Answer:
Brazil has a ‘favourable balance of trade’ or ‘surplus trade’.

Question (5).
India’s balance of trade belongs to which type?
Answer:
India has an ‘unfavourable balance of trade’ or ’trade deficit’.

Question 4.
With the help of the pie chart given in Fig. , mention what is the contribution of secondary activities in Brazil’s GDP is.

Answer:
The secondary activities contribute 27.5% in Brazil’s GDP.

Activity:

Question 1.
Look at the pie-charts carefully and answer the following questions:

Question (1).
Which country has a higher percentage of population engaged in primary activities?
Answer:
India has a higher percentage of population engaged in primary activities (48.8%).

Question (2).
In which country is the contribution of tertiary sector greater in the GDP?
Answer:
The contribution of tertiary sector is greater in Brazil’s GDP (67%).

Question (3).
In which country is the share of secondary activities more in the GDP?
Answer:
The contribution of secondary activities is more in Brazil’s GDP (27.5%).

Question (4).
Can we say that Brazil is an agrarian economy like India? Give reasons.
Answer:
(i) Brazil is not an agrarian economy like India.
(ii) This is because 71% of its population is engaged in the tertiary sector and it contributes 67% in GDP.

Question 2.
Use the following table and make a polyline graph with the help of computer

Answer:

Question 3.
Observe the map of Mining and answer the following questions:

Question (1)
Prepare a table of mining products and regions of production in Brazil.
Answer:

Question (2)
In which part of Brazil has mining activity not developed? What could be the reasons?
Answer:
Mining activity has not developed in the western part of Brazil.

Question (3)
Considering the availability of resources, where has the development of industries occurred?
Answer:
Considering the availability of resources development has occurred mainly in the coastal regions of north-east and south-east of Brazil.

Question 4.
Observe the map of Fishing and answer the following questions:

Question (1)
Can you give two reasons for concentration of fishing near the south-eastern coast of Brazil?
Answer:
Fishing is done on a large scale near the south-eastern coast of Brazil as it is the region where the warm Brazil current and the cold Falkland current meet making the conditions favourable for it to develop as a good fishing ground.

Question (2)
Inland fishing is not developed in Brazil though there are large number of rivers in Brazil. Can you think of a reason?
Answer:
(i) The Amazon River Basin is very vast with a dense growth of equatorial forests, making it largely inaccessible.
(ii) The methods of inland fishing followed are quite traditional and primitive.
These are some of the reasons why inland fishing is not developed in Brazil, though there are large number of rivers.

Question 5.
Observe the logos given and answer the questions.

Question (1)
Identify the industries with which they are associated.
Answer:
(i) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation – Oil and natural gas exploration and production .
(ii) Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. (RINL) – Steel production.
(iii) Aarey – Dairy and dairy products.
(iv) Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) – Electric locomotive manufacturing.
(v) Maharashtra Agro Industries Development Corporation (Limited) MAIDC – Production of pesticides, fertilizers, animal feed, agro-engineering (introducing new kinds of farm implements, sale and repair of tractors, harvesters etc.) and processing food (like jams, jellies and sauces).
(vi) Khadi and Village industries Commission
(KVIC)-Establishment and development of khadi and village Industries in rural areas.
(vii) Central Silk Board (CSB) – Silk production.
(viii) Rashtriya Chemical and Fertilizers Ltd. (RCF) Chemical and fertilizer production

Question (2)
Which raw material is used for these industries. Classify them accordingly.
Answer:

Question (3)
From which part of India do they get these raw materials? Discuss and write.
Answer:
(i) Iron ore, coal, limestone etc.: Chhota Nagpur plateau area of Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra etc.
(ii) Natural Gas: Krishna-Godavari Basin.
Mumbai High, in Arabian Sea.
(iii) Mineral Oil: Mumbai High in Arabian sea, Digboi in Assam, Ankleshwar in Gujarat.
(iv) Milk: Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Maharashtra, Punjab, Gujarat etc.
(v) Cotton: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh.
(vi) Silk: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Jammu and Kashmir.

Think about It

Question 1.
Which type of occupations gives a boost to the development of a country’s economy?
Answer:
Secondary and tertiary occupations give a boost to the development of a country’s economy.

Make Friends With Maps

Look at the map given in Fig. The major primary occupations in Brazil are shown here. Discuss the following points and write your observations.

Question 1.
In which part of Brazil is coffee mainly produced?
Answer:
Coffee is mainly produced in the South and South-east part of Brazil.

Question 2.
Which food crops are mainly produced in Brazil?
Answer:
Rice, soyabean and corn are the food crops mainly produced in Brazil.

Question 3.
Can you relate the production of these crops with the climate there?
Answer:

• Brazil has a wide range of climatic variation.
• Rice requires hot and humid climate with heavy rainfall. So it is grown in the coastal region.
• Corn grows well in the central parts of Brazil, because the climate there is hot and dry.

Question 4.
Where are the rubber plantations concentrated?
Answer:
The rubber plantations are concentrated in the north western part in the Amazon River Basin area.

Question 5.
Complete the table.
Answer:

Note : Areas of the production Each one has a different area. Difficult to point out one area for all the varieties of cash crops, food crops and rice.

Use Your Brain Power

Question 1.
If Rajasthan does not have a coastal area, then how does it produce salt?
Answer:
(i) Rajasthan does not have a coastline, but it still produces salt because of the Sambhar Lake, which is India’s largest inland salt lake.
(ii) Salt is produced on a large scale here due to high proportion of salt in Sambhar Lake and high rate evaporation.

Colours Of Both

Question 1.
Indo-Brazil ties: Answer the following.

Question (1)
What does BRICS stand for?
Answer:
BRICS stands for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.

Question (2)
When was it established?
Answer:
BRIC was established in June 2006. South Africa was inducted in 2010. Then it became BRICS.

Question (3)
What are the objectives of this bloc?
Answer:
The main objectives of BRICS are:

• To achieve regional development.
• To act as a bridge between developed and developing countries by providing financial assistance and support in various infrastructure projects.

Question (4)
The countries of which continent are not a member of this bloc?
Answer:
The countries of North America and Australia are not a member of this bloc.

Question (5)
In which continents do the member countries lie?
Answer:
The member countries lie in the continents of Europe, South America, Africa and Asia.

Question 2.
Study the graphs and answer the following questions on

Question (1)
In which years did the value of exports to Brazil exceed the imports from Brazil?
Answer:
In the years 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2015 the value of exports to Brazil have exceeded the imports from Brazil.

Question (2)
In which year was trade with Brazil the most favourable of all?
Answer:
Trade with Brazil was most favourable in the year 2013.

Question (3)
Comment upon the Balance of Trade in the year 2013.
Answer:
(i) The value of Balance of Trade between India and Brazil was maximum in the year 2013.
(ii) Also, the Balance of Trade was in India’s favour.

Question (4)
From which year the value of exports to Brazil have exeeded the value of import from Brazil?
Answer:
From 2010 to 2015 (except 2012).

Question (5)
Write a note on the trade between Brazil and India.
Answer:
(i) Trade between India and Brazil has not been consistent.
(ii) Most of the time the trade has been favourable for India, with exports more than imports.
(iii) In 2015, India-Brazil trade has shown a downfall with both imports and exports at an all-time low.

Question (6)
In which year was the value of exports to Brazil the maximum?
Answer:
The value of exports to Brazil was the maximum in 2014.

Give It A Try

Question 1.
The following images are related to agricultural activities. Identify and write whether they are practised in Brazil or India.


Answer:
(i) In the first image, coffee plantation is seen. It is found mainly in Brazil. In India, coffee plantation are seen in the South Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

(ii) The second image is of the Tea plantation. It is mainly found in India, in Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

(iii) In the third image, shifting agriculture is seen. It is also called ‘Slash and Burn’ agriculture. In this method, the land under forests is cleared by cutting and burning. On this patch of land, subsistence type of agriculture is practised for the next few years.

Once this patch of land loses fertility; another patch of land is brought under shifting cultivation. It is mainly practiced in Brazil and in some parts of India.

In the fourth image, paddy cultivation is seen and it is mainly practiced in India where there is heavy sufficient and irrigation rainfall.

Try This

Question 1.
Show the distribution of crops like wheat, jowar, rice, cotton, sugarcane, tea, jute, coffee and rubber, apple in the outline map of India using symbols. Name the map.
Answer:

Find Out

Question 1.
Obtain information regarding pisciculture in India with the help of internet and reference books and write a note.
Answer:

• Breeding, rearing and transplantation of fish by artificial means is called pisciculture. It is also called fish farming.
• Fishes are raised in tanks or enclosures for commercial reasons.
• Pisciculture in India is increasing rapidly due to the increasing demand for fish and fish products.
• Indian climate is suitable for practising pisciculture. Wide variety of fish species are raised in the fish farms, e.g. salmon, carp, catfish.
• Due to availability of abundant labour and water sources like lakes, ponds, rivers, etc, pisciculture has become easier.
• Employment opportunities are created due to pisciculture.
• Banks offer loans for those interested in this business.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 8 Economy and Occupations Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
India has a/an ________ national income as Compared to Brazil.
(a) higher
(b) lower
(c) equal
(d) very low
Answer:
(a) higher

Question 2.
In Brazil, ______ is the main occupation of the people living in the highlands and coastal areas.
(a) agriculture
(b) mining
(c) animal rearing
(d) sericulture
Answer:
(a) agriculture

Question 3.
The main cereal crops grown in Brazil are ______ and maize.
(a) wheat
(b) barley
(c) oat
(d) rice
Answer:
(d) rice

Question 4.
Production of maize is largely concentrated in the _____ part of Brazil.
(a) western
(b) northern
(c) southern
(d) central
Answer:
(d) central

Question 5.
Brazil is the largest exporter of coffee and ______ in the world.
(a) rubber
(b) cocoa
(c) soyabean
(d) maize
Answer:
(c) soyabean

Question 6.
The major states growing coffee are _______ and Sao Paulo.
(a) Rio de Janeiro
(b) Minas Gerais
(c) Para
(d) Parana
Answer:
(b) Minas Gerais

Question 7.
Coffee farms are called _____ in Brazil
(a) para
(b) fazendas
(c) Cerrado
(d) Savannah
Answer:
(b) fazendas

Question 8.
Cattle, sheep and goats are reared in the _____ of the South of Brazil.
(a) Amazon Basin
(b) Parana River basin
(c) Savannah grasslands
(d) Coastal areas
Answer:
(c) Savannah grasslands

Question 9.
The eastern part of Brazil is rich in various types of _____.
(a) crops
(b) animals
(c) minerals
(d) forests
Answer:
(c) minerals

Question 10.
Inaccessibility, lack of knowledge of ________ potential reserves, dense forests are factors which have led to limitation in in the interior parts of Brazil.
(a) agriculture
(b) mining
(c) agro- forestry
(d) fishing
Answer:
(b) mining

Question 11.
Due to the increasing demand in the country, mining has developed well in the ______ region of Brazil.
(a) coastal
(b) highland
(c) mountainous
(d) equatorial forest
Answer:
(b) highland

Question 12.
Brazil has a sea coast of around 7,400 km and excellent fishing grounds off the ____ coast.
(a) South Atlantic
(b) North Atlantic
(c) South Pacific
(d) North Pacific
Answer:
(a) South Atlantic

Question 13.
The meeting of the warm Brazil current and the cold Falkland current off the coast of South-east Brazil make it a good ______.
(a) fishing ground
(b) offshore oil rig
(c) ocean transport route
(d) fishermen’s settlement
Answer:
(a) fishing ground

Question 14.
Traditionally, in Brazil, fishing has been carried on by small groups of individual fishermen using _____ techniques and equipment.
(a) scientific
(b) modern
(c) primitive
(d) latest
Answer:
(c) primitive

Question 15.
The fish resources of the _____ river are not exploited much and fishing only takes place on a small scale.
(a) Parana
(b) Sao Francisco
(c) Paraguay
(d) Amazon
Answer:
(d) Amazon

Question 16.
Around 60% of land in India is under ________.
(a) cultivation
(b) industries
(c) forestry
(d) mining
Answer:
(a) cultivation

Question 17.
Indian agriculture is mainly _______ type.
(a) commercial
(b) mechanized
(c) subsistence
(d) extensive
Answer:
(c) subsistence

Question 18.
In the coastal areas of India, ______ forms an important part of the diet of many people.
(a) wheat
(b) fish
(c) lobsters
(d) millets
Answer:
(b) fish

Question 19.
Horse mackerels, clupeids and silver bellies are important varieties of ________
(a) crops
(b) fish
(c) millets
(d) cereals
Answer:
(b) fish

Question 20.
Among the freshwater varieties of fish, _______ is a major one.
(a) Sardines
(b) Mackerel
(c) Bombay Duck
(d) Silver Bellies Carp (Chopda)
Answer:
(d) Silver Bellies Carp (Chopda)

Question 21.
In India, the _____ plateau is a big store house of minerals.
(a) Malwa
(b) Bundelkhand
(c) Baghelkhand
(d) Chhota Nagpur
Answer:
(d) Chhota Nagpur

Question 22.
Coal is mined in ____ in Chhattisgarh and in eastern Maharashtra.
(a) Korba
(b) Cuddapah
(c) Digboi
(d) Kalol
Answer:
(a) Korba

Question 23.
Mineral oil wells are found in _____ in Assam.
(a) Korba
(b) Koyali
(c) Digboi
(d) Kalol
Answer:
(c) Digboi

Question 24.
Reserves of mineral oil and natural gas have been discovered at the mouth of the river _______.
(a) Krishna
(b) Kaveri
(c) Godavari
(d) Mahanadi
Answer:
(c) Godavari

Question 25.
Stones like marble are found in Rajasthan and Cuddapah in ______.
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Arunachal Pradesh
(c) Himachal Pradesh
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer:
(a) Andhra Pradesh

Question 26.
Traditionally, the poorest part of Brazil is the ______.
(a) north-east
(b) south
(c) north-west
(d) central
Answer:
(a) north-east

Question 27.
The north-eastern part of the Indian Peninsula has a very high concentration of _____ industries.
(a) chemical
(b) metallurgical
(c) canning
(d) fruit processing
Answer:
(b) metallurgical

Question 28.
The coastal belt of _______ has a heavy concentration of coir, copra and fish canning industries.
(a) Kerala
(b) Goa
(c) Karnataka
(d) Maharashtra
Answer:
(a) Kerala

Question 29.
Many refineries are situated close to the petroleum producing areas whereas Mathura and _______ refineries are in the interior, away from the oil producing areas.
(a) Digboi
(b) Bongaigaon
(c) Barauni
(d) Koyali
Answer:
(c) Barauni

Question 30.
Among the minerals, Brazil mainly exports _____.
(a) coal
(b) gold
(c) iron ore
(d) manganese
Answer:
(c) iron ore

Question 31.
The main trading partner of Brazil among the Gulf countries is _______.
(a) Bahrain
(b) Saudi Arabia
(c) Kuwait
(d) Iran
Answer:
(b) Saudi Arabia

Question 32.
India’s major trading partners from the continent of Europe are the UK and _______.
(a) Italy
(b) France
(c) Germany
(d) Greece
Answer:
(c) Germany

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Answer:
1 – b
2 – d
3 – e

Question 2.

Answer:
1 – e
2 – d
3 – a
4 – c

Question 3.

Answer:
1 – c – ii
2 – a – iv
3 – e – i
4 – d – v
5 – b – vi

Question 4.

Answer:
1 – c
2 – b
3 – d
4 – e

Answer the following in one sentence:

Question 1.
Which currency is mainly used for international trade?
Answer:
US dollar is the currency which is mainly used for international trade.

Question 2.
Name the sectors of Brazil in which Indian companies have invested money.
Answer:
Information technology, pharmaceuticals, energy, agro-business, mining, engineering, automobiles, etc. are the sectors of Brazil in which Indian companies have invested money.

Question 3.
Name the sectors of India in which Brazilian companies have invested money.
Answer:
Automobiles, information technology, mining, energy, bio-fuel, footwear, etc. are the sectors of India in which Brazilian companies have invested capital.

Question 4.
Which type of occupations give a boost to the development of a country’s economy ?
Answer:
Tertiary occupation give a boost to the development of a country’s economy.

Name the following:

Question 1.
Factors making it possible for growing a variety of crops in Brazil.
Answer:
Favourable climate and topography.

Question 2.
The main cereal crops of Brazil.
Answer:
Rice and maize

Question 3.
The production of this cereal crop is largely concentrated in the central part of Brazil.
Answer:
Maize.

Question 4.
The major commercial crops of Brazil.
Answer:
Coffee, cocoa, rubber, soyabean and sugarcane.

Question 5.
The largest exporter of coffee and soyabean in the world.
Answer:
Brazil.

Question 6.
The major coffee-growing states of Brazil.
Answer:
Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo.

Question 7.
Fruits are grown in Brazil.
Answer:
Bananas, pineapples, oranges and other citrus fruits.

Question 8.
The region in Brazil where cattle, sheep and goats are reared.
Answer:
Savannah grasslands in the south.

Question 9.
Two factors that have led to limitations in mining in the interior parts of Brazil.
Answer:

• Inaccessibility due to dense forests
• Lack of knowledge of potential reserves of resources.

Question 10.
The warm current in the eastern coast of Brazil.
Answer:
Brazil current.

Question 11.
The cold current off the south-eastern coast of Brazil.
Answer:
Falkland current.

Question 12.
The main catches of the fishermen in Brazil.
Answer:
Swordfish, shrimp, lobsters, sardines, etc.

Question 13.
Major food crops produced in India.
Answer:
Rice, wheat, maize, sorghum and millets.

Question 14.
Crops grown in plantation in India.
Answer:
Tea, coffee and rubber.

Question 15.
Major cash crops grown in India.
Answer:
Sugarcane, cotton and jute.

Question 16.
Main type of Indian agriculture.
Answer:
Subsistence.

Question 17.
Maj or fish varieties found in the western coastal region of India.
Answer:
Sardines, mackerel, bombay duck and prawns.

Question 18.
The important varieties of fish on the eastern coast of India.
Answer:
Horse mackerels, clupeids and silver bellied carp.

Question 19.
The major freshwater fish variety in India.
Answer:
Silver bellied carp (chopda).

Question 20.
Places where coal is mined in India.
Answer:
Korba in Chhattisgarh and in Eastern Maharashtra

Question 21.
Places where mineral oil wells are found in India.
Answer:
(i) Digboi in Assam
(ii) Mumbai High in the Arabian Sea near Maharashtra
(iii) Kalol and Koyali in Gujarat.

Question 22.
The name of the river mouth, where reserves of mineral oil and natural gas have been discovered.
Answer:
River Godavari.

Question 23.
The state where stones like marble are found.
Answer:
Rajasthan.

Question 24.
The place/state where stones like Cuddapah are found.
Answer:
Cuddappah in Andhra Pradesh.

Question 25.
The states in which fish forms an important part of the diet of many people living in the coastal areas in India.
Answer:
Kerala, West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Goa and Maharashtra.

Question 26.
States of India where metallic minerals are found.
Answer: Jharkhand, Odisha, adjoining Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, parts of Rajasthan, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Question 27.
The agro-based industries in India which are heavily concentrated in the raw material- producing areas.
Answer:
Cotton, jute and sugar.

Question 28.
The forest-based industries in India.
Answer:
Paper, plywood, matches, resins and lac.

Question 29.
Industries found in the coastal belt of Kerala in India.
Answer:
Coir, copra and fish canning.

Question 30.
Refineries in India situated close to the petroleum-producing areas.
Answer:
Koyali, Digboi, Noonmati and Bongaigaon.

Question 31.
Refineries in India located away from the coast and oil-producing areas.
Answer:
Mathura and Barauni.

Question 32.
Major salt-producing states in India.
Answer:
Gujarat, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu.

Question 33.
Brazil’s export items.
Answer:
Iron ore, coffee, cocoa, cotton, sugar, tobacco, oranges and bananas.

Question 34.
Brazil’s import items.
Answer:
Machinery, chemical products, fertilizers, wheat, heavy vehicles, mineral oil and lubricants.

Question 35.
Major trading partners of Brazil.
Answer:
Germany, the USA, Canada, Italy and Argentina, Saudi Arabia.

Question 36.
India’s export items.
Answer:
Tea, coffee, mangoes, spices, leather & leather goods, iron ore, cotton and silk textiles etc.

Question 37.
India’s import items.
Answer:
Petroleum, machines, pearls and precious stones, gold and silver, paper, medicines, etc.

Question 38.
India’s major trading partners.
Answer:
The USA, The UK, Germany, Japan, China, Russia, etc.

Distinguish between:

Question 1.
The Indian companies’ investment in Brazil and Brazil’s investment in India.
Answer:

Question 2.
Brazil-International Trade and India-International Trade
Answer:

Question 3.
US Economy and India-Brazil Economies.
Answer:

Mark the following on the outline map:

Question 1.
On the given Political map of Brazil, show the following details (Draw index).

1. Major coffee producing areas of Brazil.
2. The cold and warm ocean current near the Brazilian coast.
3. Important fishing areas in the Northern coast.
4. Important fishing areas in the Eastern coast.

Answer:

Question 2.
Indicate the following on a map of India.

1. The plateau region rich in minerals.
2. Region where coal is mined.
3. State where marble is found.
4. Cudappah stones are found in this state.
5. The state whose coastal belt has a concentration of coir, copra and fish canning industries.
6. Major salt producing state.

Answer:

Question 3.
Locate the following regions on the map of India.

1. Mineral oil wells.
2. Oil refineries close to petroleum producing areas.
3. Oil refineries in the interiors.
4. The mouth of the river where reserves of mineral oil and natural gas have been discovered.

Answer:

Give Geographical Reasons:

Question 1.
Unlike Brazil, India’s agriculture contributes more towards the GDP.
Answer:

• Around 60% of land in India is under cultivation.
• Agriculture has been a long standing activity here with a large chunk of population engaged in it.
• The enormous expanse of level plains, rich soils, high percentage of cultivable land, wide climatic variety, long growing season, etc. provide a strong base for agriculture in India.
• So, unlike Brazil, India’s agriculture contributes more towards the GDP.

Question 2.
Fishing plays an important role in the economy of India.
Answer:

• India has a coastline of about 7500 km.
• India is one of the largest producer of fish, both marine and inland.
• Marine fishing accounts for about 40% of the total annual fish production and the remaining 60% is by freshwater fishing.
• Fisheries help in augmenting food supply, generating employment, raising nutritional level and earning foreign exchange.
• Fish forms an important part of the diet of many people living in all the coastal states.
• Thus, fishing plays a significant role in the economy of the country.

Question 3.
The distribution of industries in India is highly uneven.
Answer:
The distribution of industries is India in highly uneven due to the following reasons:

• Uneven distribution of the necessary raw materials and power resources.
• There is concentration of enterprises, financial resources and other necessary conditions in large towns.

Question 4.
The North Eastern part of the Indian Peninsula has a high concentration of heavy metallurgical industries.
Answer:
The north eastern part of the Indian Peninsula has a high concentration of heavy metallurgical industries because:

• Chattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal are rich in minerals.
• Large quantities of coal deposits, an important raw material in metallurgical industries is available.
• There are availability of refractory materials, cheap power from the Damodar Valley Corporation and a number of thermal power projects.
• There is availability of cheap labour in and around this region.

Question 5.
USA is a developed country.
Answer:
The United States is a developed country because:

• This country has less but a well-educated population.
• It has the strength of many patents, modern technology and mechanical strength.
• USA has a very high national income and per capita income.

Question 6.
Brazil is a good fishing ground.
Answer:
Brazil is a good fishing ground because :

• Brazil has a sea coast of around 7400 km and excellent fishing grounds off the South Atlantic coast.
• The meeting of the warm Brazil current and the cold Falkland current off the coast of South-East Brazil makes it a good fishing ground.

Write short notes on:

Question 1.
Mining in India:
Answer:
(i) The Chhota Nagpur plateau in India is a big storehouse of different minerals. Mining is the main occupation of the people.
(ii) Coal is mined in Korba in Chattisgarh and in Eastern Maharashtra.
(iii) Mineral oil wells are found in Digboi in
Assam, Mumbai High in the Arabian Sea near Maharashtra, Kalol, Koyali in Gujarat.
(iv) Stones like marble are found in Rajasthan and Cuddapah in Andhra Pradesh.

Question 2.
Industries in Brazil:
Answer:
(i) Major industries of Brazil are iron and steel, automobile assembling, petroleum processing, chemical production and cement making.
(ii) Technologically based industries have been the most dynamic in recent years.
(iii) Food-processing industries, cotton textiles, silk and woollen industries have developed well.
(iv) Most large industries are concentrated in the south and south-east of Brazil.

Question 3.
Agro-based and forest-based industries in India.
Answer:
(i) Agro-based industries: The agro-based industries including cotton, jute and sugar are heavily concentrated in the raw material producing areas.
(ii) Forest-based industries: The forest based industries including paper, plywood, matches, resins and lac are increasingly finding mostly found in the forest areas of various states.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 4 Climate Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 4 Climate

Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Climate Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write names of the States/Regions in appropriate columns.
Bihar, Tocantins, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Eastern Maharashtra, Western part of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Rio Grande Do Norte, Paraiba, Western Ghats, Eastern Himalayas, Western Andhra Pradesh, Roroima, Amazonas, West Bengal, Rio Grande Do Sul, Santa Catarina, Goa
Answer:

2. State whether right or wrong. Rewrite the wrong sentences

Question a.
The fact that Brazil lies on the equator affects its climate in a big way.
Answer:
Right.

Question b.
India and Brazil have the same seasons at the same time.
Answer:
Wrong – India and Brazil have different seasons at the same time.

Question c.
India faces tropical cyclones frequently.
Answer:
Right.

Question d.
Brazil gets a lot of rainfall because of the southwest monsoon winds.
Answer:
Wrong – Brazil gets rainfall from South-East Trade Winds and North-East Trade Winds.

3. Give geographical reasons:

Question a.
The north-eastern part of Brazilian Highlands receives very less rainfall.
Answer:
(i) Brazil gets rainfall from the South-East Trade Winds and the North-East Trade Winds.
(ii) Parts of the Brazilian Highlands extend upto the northern coast.
(iii) The Escarpments act as an obstruction to the winds blowing from the sea and cause orographic type of rainfall in the coastal region.
(iv) Beyond the Highlands, the effect of these winds gets reduced. As a result, the rainfall is minimal.
(v) Thus the North Eastern part of Brazilian highlands receives less rainfall. This rain shadow region is also called the ‘Drought Quadrilateral’.

Question b.
Snowfall doesn’t always occur in Brazil.
Answer:
(i) Because of the vast latitudinal extent of Brazil, it experiences a wide range of climatic variations. Near the Equator it is hot, while tropical type of climate is found near the Tropic of Capricorn.

(ii) Considering the temperatures in Brazil, the northern part of Brazil is hot while the temperatures in the southern part are comparatively lower.

(iii) It generally snows in those areas lying in the temperate or polar regions or in the mountainous regions of very high altitude.

(iv) Snowfall does occur but is only confined to higher elevations in the southern states of Rio Grande Do Sul, Parana and Santa Catarina.

(v) Most part of the country lies in the tropical zone which experiences a hot and humid climate.

So snowfall doesn’t always occur in Brazil and is considered a rare phenomenon.

Question c.
Convectional type of rainfall is not prominent in India.
Answer:
(i) Convectional rains are a feature of the equatorial regions and the equator passes through the northern part of Brazil.
(ii) Due to the intense heat here the air expands and rises upwards. As the air goes upwards it cools down, condensation occurs and clouds are formed. This leads to convectional rains every day.
(iii) As such conditions do not exist in India, convection rainfall is not prominent here.

Question d.
Tropical cyclones occur rarely in Brazil.
Answer:
(i) In the coastal regions of Brazil near the Equator, differences in temperatures are negligible.
(ii) The winds move in the vertical direction in this equatorial region.
(iii) Similarly, the convergence zone of the trade winds is weak here. As a result, cyclones are not formed.
(iv) As a result tropical cyclones occur rarely in Brazil.

Question e.
There is not much difference in the range of temperature in Manaus.
Answer:
(i) Manaus is located to the north of Brazil and close to the Equator.
(ii) This region receives perpendicular rays of the sun throughout the year.
(iii) It also receives convectional type of rainfall every day.
(iv) So the climate is hot and humid throughout the year.
(v) As, there is not much difference in the maximum and minimum temperatures there is not much difference in the range of temperature in Manaus.

Question f.
India receives precipitation from the North East Monsoon Winds too.
Answer:
(i) In the winter season, India is influenced by the North East Monsoon Winds.
(ii) These winds bring cool breeze to the country.
(iii) While blowing over Bay of Bengal the North East Monsoon Winds pick up moisture and give rain to the eastern coast of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in India.
So, it is said that India receives precipitation from the North East Monsoon Winds too.

4. Answer the following questions:

Question a.
Describe in brief the changes occurring in the climatic conditions of India while going from south to north.
Answer:
(i) India’s Climate is of monsoon type. But there is diversity in climatic conditions of India due to the latitudinal location and altitude of the place.

(ii) As the Tropic of Cancer passes through middle of India, it divides the country into tropical region and sub tropical region.

(iii) The tropical region receives nearly vertical rays of the Sun and the temperature increases as we move towards the south.

(iv) In the sub tropical region of the north, summers are very hot and winters are very cool and dry.

(v) The Himalayas lie in the northern part of India. They protects us from the cold winds that blow from the north, obstructs the South West Monsoon Winds which results in orographic rainfall in its southern slopes.

(vi) In major parts of India precipitation is in the form of rainfall, but in the Himalayas it is in the form of snowfall.

Question b.
Explain the importance of the Himalayas and the Indian Ocean with respect to the climate of India.
Answer:
(i) The Indian Ocean and the Himalayan ranges exert a great influence on the climate of India and the origin of monsoons.

(ii) Because of high temperatures in summers, a low pressure area develops in the Punjab Plains and the Thar Desert of Rajasthan.

(iii) At the same time a high pressure region develops over the Indian Ocean.

(iv) This attracts winds and they start blowing from the Indian Ocean towards the mainland India.

(v) These are moisture-laden winds which bring rainfall to India.

(vi) These winds move towards the Himalayas and due to the natural obstruction of the Himalayas, orographic rain occurs.

(vii) Later these winds retreat from the Himalayas and move from the north-east towards the Indian Ocean and brings rain to some parts of the Peninsula.

(viii) Also the severe cold winds blowing from the north are obstructed by the Himalayas and it saves India from severe winters.

Question c.
Discuss the factors affecting the climate of Brazil.
Answer:
(i) Brazil experiences wide range of climatic variations due to its vast latitudinal extent, proximity to the Equator, presence of the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Escarpment.

(ii) The northern part of Brazil near the Equator is hot, while temperate type of climate is found near the Tropic of Capricorn.

(iii) Brazil gets rainfall from the South-East Trade Winds and the North-East Trade Winds blowing from the Atlantic Ocean.

(iv) Convectional rainfall occurs in places near the equator. Whereas, the Escarpment act as an obstruction to the winds blowing from the sea and cause orographic type of rainfall in the coastal region.

(v) Beyond the Highlands the effects of these winds gets reduced, as a result the rainfall is minimal. This region is a rain-shadow region and is called ‘The Drought Quadrilateral.’

(vi) The Equator passes through the northern part of Brazil so the temperature here is high. Average temperature of Amazon valley is 25°-28°C. Climate is cooler in the highlands. While the temperatures in the southern part are comparatively lower.

(vii) In the coastal regions near the Equator in Brazil, differences in temperatures are negligible. Because of the proximity to the sea, the coast experiences mild and humid climate.

(viii) The winds move in the vertical direction in this region. Similarly, the convergence zone of the trade winds is weak here. So the tropical cyclones are a rare phenomena here.

Question d.
Compare the climates of brazil and India?
Answer:

Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Climate Intext Questions and Answers

Observe the given map below and answer the following questions

Question 1.
Considering the isotherms of Brazil, what is the average range of temperature in Brazil?
Answer:
Considering the isotherms of Brazil, the average range of temperature of Brazil is 10°C (28°C-18°C).

Question 2.
In which area does it rain more?
Answer:
It rains more in the northern and central part of Brazil. E.g., Amazon Valley.

Question 3.
From which directions are winds blowing towards Brazil?
Answer:
The winds are blowing from North East and South East directions.

Question 4.
What could be the reason behind that?
Answer:
These are permanent trade winds which blow from high pressure belt to the equatorial low pressure belt. Brazil being in the tropical zone, a low pressure area is created and wind start blowing from the ocean to the land.

Question 5.
What could be the obstruction in the way of these winds?
The Escarpment acts as obstruction in the way of the South East Trade Winds coming from the sea.

Question 6.
Which type of rainfall will occur because of these winds?
Answer:
Orographic rainfall will occur because of these winds.

Question 7.
Correlate these winds and rainfall.
Answer:
The escarpments act as an obstruction to the winds blowing from the sea and cause an orographic type of rainfall in the coastal region. Beyond the Highlands, the effect of these winds gets reduced. As a result, the rainfall is minimal.

Question 8.
In which part of Brazil are the average temperatures low?
Answer:
The average temperatures are low in the southern part of Brazil.

Question 9.
Identify the rain-shadow area in Brazil. Describe its climatic characteristics.
Answer:
The north-eastern part of the Brazilian highlands is a rain shadow region. Beyond the highlands, the effect of the South East Trade Winds gets reduced and the rainfall is minimal. Also, the temperature here is quite high. This rain shadow region is referred to as the ’Drought Quadrilateral’.

Question 10.
In which region do you find a higher temperature?
Answer:
The northern part of Brazil has higher temperature.

Question 11.
Considering the latitudinal extent of Brazil, where will you find a temperate climate in Brazil?
Answer:
The southern part of Brazil lying below 23 V4°S latitude (Tropic of Capricorn) experiences temperate climate.

Question 12.
Describe the winds blowing between 0° to 5° N and S zones.
Answer:
The winds blowing between 0° to 5° N and S zones move in the vertical direction leading to convectional type of rain. The North East and South East Trade winds are very weak in this region.

Question 13.
Which method has been used to show distribution in this map?
Answer:
The Isopleth method has been used to show distribution in this map.

Observe the given map and answer the following questions

Question 1.
Which region gets more than 4000mm of rainfall?
Answer:
Western Ghats, Western Coasts of India and the northeastern region comprising of Mawsynram, Cherrapunji and parts of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh gets more than 4000 mm of rainfall.

Question 2.
Identify the regions with maximum and minimum temperatures?
Answer:
Central and North Western parts of Peninsular Plateau and islands have high temperature. Hilly regions of north, northeast and south India have low temperature.

Question 3.
In which direction is the temperature increasing?
Answer:
The temperature is increasing towards the south.

Question 4.
Identify the direction of the winds shown. What are they known as?
Answer:
The winds shown are blowing from the south west to north east direction. These winds are called Southwest Monsoon Winds.

Question 5.
Which winds are responsible for the rainfall in India ?
Answer:
South-West Monsoon Winds are responsible for rainfall in India.

Question 6.
Some part of Rajasthan is under desert? What could be the reason for it?
Answer:
The South West Monsoon Winds blow parallel to the Aravallis. As these moisture laden winds are not obstructed by the Aravallis it rains less here. Hence, Rajasthan is under desert.

Question 7.
Draw the main parallel latitude passing through India which affects its climate.
Answer:
Students are expected to draw the Tropic of Cancer.

Question 8.
In which part of Peninsular India is semi-arid climatic conditions found and why?
Answer:
(i) The part of peninsular India which has semi-arid climatic conditions are central part of Peninsula Plateau comprising parts of Central Maharashtra, Western Andhra Pradesh, Eastern Karnataka and Western Tamil Nadu. These regions lie on the leeward side of the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats. It rains less here and a rain shadow region is formed.
(ii) Some parts of Gujarat and Rajasthan are also semi-arid as the Aravallis lie parallel and do not obstruct the South-west Monsoon winds.

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
Shillong gets less than 1000 mm of rainfall annually, whereas Cherrapunji/Mawsynram which is nearby get’s over 11000 mm, of rainfall annually.
Answer:
(i) Cherrapunji/Mawsynram lies in the higher altitude on the windward side of the Khasi Hills and receives rainfall from the South West Monsoon Winds.
(ii) While Shillong lies in the lower altitude on the leeward side of the Khasi Hills, so it receives less rainfall being in the rain shadow area.

Observe the pictures given below and write brief description about them.

Question 1.

Answer:
Both the figures shows the traffic congestion during heavy rains. Due to lack of proper drainage and heavy downpour the water gets accumulated disturbing the commuting system.

Question 2.


Answer:
Both the figures show the drought affected regions of India and Brazil respectively. Due to scarce amount of rainfall received in these regions the land has became dry and cannot be cultivated.

Question 3.

Answer:
figure shows snow fall during winter season in the northern parts of India.

Question 4.

Answer:
figure shows heavy rainfall in the Brazilian rainforest region.

Question 5.

Answer:
figure shows the trees being cut down to bring land under cultivation. Deforestation is a major issue in Brazil.

Question 6.

Answer:
figure shows a well from which water is used for domestic purpose.

Question 7.

Answer:
figure shows paddy fanning in India. The farmers are planting paddy. The water logged fields are shown.

Study the graphs given below and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
In which month is the highest temperature found in all the four cities?
Answer:
The highest temperature is found in the month of January.

Question 2.
In which month does it rain the most in the given cities?
Answer:
It rains the most in the month of march.

Question 3.
When does Brazil have its rainy season?
Answer:
Brazil has its rainy season from December to march.

Question 4.
Which city has the maximum range of temperature? How much is it?
Answer:
Porto Alegre has the maximum range of temperature. It is 20°C (30° C -10° C).

Question 5.
What type of climate will be found in Rio de Janeiro?
Answer:
Rio de Janeiro has mild & humid climate.

Question 1.
What difference do you find in the rainy seasons of Chennai and other cities of India? Why?

Question 2.
What similarities do you see in the temperature curves of Delhi and Kolkata?
Answer:
The following similarities can be seen in the temperature curves of Delhi and Kolkata:

• The temperature rises from January to March.
• From March till June high temperatures are experienced.
• The temperature drops till July and remain stable in August and September.
• Thereafter the temperatures decreases.

Question 3.
Calculate the average range of minimum and maximum temperatures of all the four cities.

Question 4.
In which city is the range minimum? What can you infer about its climate?
Answer:
The range is minimum in Mumbai due to its proximity to the sea.

Question 5.
In which city is the range maximum? What can you infer from this about its climate?
Answer:
The range is maximum in Delhi. It indicates that Delhi has an extreme climate.

Question 6.
Based on the temperature and rainfall of Mumbai, comment upon its climate.
Answer:
Mumbai has an equable climate, with less variation in summer and winter temperature.

Question 7.
Classify the cites as cities with equable and extreme climates.
Answer:
Equable climates – Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata. Extreme climate – Delhi.

Give it a try

Question 1.
Considering the various factors affecting Brazil’s climate, complete the table.
Answer:

Question 2.
In which part of India are crops grown in a year? How is this related to the rainfall over there?
Answer:
(i) Coastal areas of Tamil Nadu in India grow rice three times a year.
(ii) This crop is taken during the retreating monsoon season.
While blowing over Bay of Bengal, the North East Monsoon winds pick up moisture and give rain to eastern coast of Tamil Nadu.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Group the months into seasons for a whole year according to the charts given.

Answer:

Colours of Both!

Question 1.
Considering the location extent and climatic conditions of both the countries, write months according to the seasons.
Answer:

Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Climate Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
The climate found near the Equatorial region is
(a) hot
(b) dry
(c) humid
(d) cold
Answer:
(a) hot

Question 2.
The climate found near the Tropic of Capricorn is
(a) tropical
(b) hot
(c) temperate
(d) tundra
Answer:
(c) temperate

Question 3.
Brazil gets rainfall from
(a) North-West and South-West trade winds
(b) Westerly winds
(c) South-West and North-East
(d) North-East and South-East trade winds
Answer:
(d) North-East and South-East trade winds

Question 4.
The act as an obstruction to the winds blowing from the sea in Brazil.
(a) Himalayas
(b) Escarpments
(c) Andes
(d) Western Ghats
Answer:
(b) Escarpments

Question 5.
The coastal region of Brazil receives a type of rainfall.
(a) orographic
(b) cyclonic
(c) convectional
(d) frontal
Answer:
(a) orographic

Question 6.
Since the convergence of trade winds are weak near the equator, are not formed.
(a) clouds
(b) ocean currents
(c) cyclones
(d) tides
Answer:
(c) cyclones

Question 7.
The average temperature in the Amazon valley is
(a) 15°-20°C
(b) 13°-15°C
(c) 30°-32°C
(d) 25°-28°C
Answer:
(d) 25°-28°C

Question 8.
The Amazon valley receives around mm of rainfall
(a) 2000
(b) 1800
(c) 1500
(d) 1000-1200
Answer:
(a) 2000

Question 9.
India’s climate is of type.
(a) humid
(b) monsoon
(c) equatorial
(d) cold
Answer:
(b) monsoon

Question 10.
The diversity in the climatic conditions of India is due to the location and altitude of the place.
(a) longitudinal
(b) latitudinal
(c) equatorial
(d) tropical
Answer:
(b) latitudinal

Question 11.
The Ocean and the Himalayan ranges exert a great influence on the climate of India.
(a) Atlantic
(b) Arctic
(c) Pacific
(d) Indian
Answer:
(d) Indian

Question 12.
Orographic type of rainfall occurs in India because of the natural obstruction of
(a) Himalayas
(b) Escarpments
(c) Highlands
(d) Satpuda
Answer:
(a) Himalayas

Question 13.
As the passes through the middle of India, it is considered to be a tropical region.
(a) Tropic of Capricorn
(b) Equator
(c) Tropic of Cancer
(d) 60°S latitude
Answer:
(c) Tropic of Cancer

Question 14.
Most part of Brazil lies in the zone.
(а) polar
(b) tropical
(c) sub-tropical
(d) temperate
Answer:
(b) tropical

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Answer:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – d
4 – e

Answer in one sentence each.

Question 1.
Which natural disasters does India face frequently?
Answer:
India frequently faces natural disasters like erratic rainfall, droughts, cyclones, floods, etc.

Question 2.
Why does Brazil experience wide climatic variations?
Answer:
Brazil has vast latitudinal extent because of which it experiences wide climatic variations.

Question 3.
Which winds bring rainfall to Brazil?
Answer:
Brazil receives rainfall from the South East and North-East Trade Winds.

Question 4.
What acts as an obstruction to the winds blowing from sea in Brazil?
Answer:
The Escarpments act as an obstruction to the winds blowing from the sea in Brazil.

Question 5.
Which region is called the Drought Quadrilateral’?
Answer:
The northern part of Brazil beyond the Highlands is called ‘Drought Quadrilateral’.

Question 6.
Where is the difference in temperature negligible in Brazil?
Answer:
In Brazil the difference in temperature is negligible in the coastal regions near the equator.

Question 7.
In which zone does most of Brazil and India lie?
Answer: Most part of Brazil and India lies in the Tropical zone.

Question 8.
Which important latitude passes through the northern part of Brazil?
Answer:
The equator passes through the northern part of Brazil.

Question 9.
What is the average temperature in Amazon valley?
Answer:
The average temperature in Amazon valley is 25°-28°C.

Question 10.
Which part of Brazil has cooler climate?
Answer:
The climate is cooler in the Highlands.

Question 11.
Why do the Brazilian coasts experience mild and humid climate?
Answer:
The Brazilian coasts experience mild and humid- climate because of its proximity to sea.

Question 12.
Which type of climate is found in India?
Answer:
Monsoon type of climate is found in India.

Question 13.
Which important latitude passes through the middle of India?
Answer:
The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of India.

Question 14.
What diversifies the climatic conditions of India?
Answer:
The diversity in the climatic conditions of India are due to the latitudinal location and altitude of India.

Question 15.
What exerts a great influence on the climate of India and the origins of the monsoon?
Answer:
The Indian Ocean and the Himalayan ranges exert a great influence on the climate of India and the origin of monsoons.

Question 16.
In India, what obstructs the cold winds blowing from the North?
Answer:
In India, the Himalayas obstruct the cold winds blowing from the north.

Question 17.
What brings more rain in the coastal regions of India?
Answer:
The obstruction caused by the Eastern and Western Ghats brings more rain in the coastal regions of India.

Question 18.
Find out more about the different ways of classification of the seasons. For example, what is summer?
Answer:
The hot weather season is called summer. The season where the rain begins is called the monsoon. The cold weather season is called winter.

Name the following:

Question 1.
The two places in India which are considered as the wettest places in the world.
Answer:
Cherrapunji and Mawsynram.

Question 2.
Years in which Brazil has experienced snowfall.
Answer:
1879,1957and 1985.

Question 3.
The driest part of India.
Answer:
Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.

Question 4.
The state in India which receives maximum rainfall during the retreating monsoon season.
Answer:
Tamil Nadu.

Question 5.
Temperature in Kargil in winter.
Answer:
-48°C.

Question 6.
Temperature in Ganganagar, Rajasthan in the month of June.
Answer:
50°C.

Question 7.
The hills responsible for heavy rainfall in Cherrapunji and Mawsynram.
Answer:
Garo, Khasi and Jaintia Hills.

Question 8.
The winds which provide rainfall to the Tamil Nadu coast.
Answer:
North East Monsoon winds.
Question 9.
The state to receive rain foremost in India.
Answer:
Kerala.

Question 10.
The four seasons of India as per Indian meteorological department.
Answer:
The hot weather season (Summer), the season

Are the sentences right ot wrong? Rewrite the wrong ones.

Question 1.
Brazil experiences wide climatic variation due to its vast longitudinal extent.
Answer:
Wrong – Brazil experiences wide climatic variation due to its vast latitudinal extent.

Question 2.
The winds move in the vertical direction in northern Brazil.
Answer:
Right.

Question 3.
The rainfall reduces on the windward side of the Great Escarpment.
Answer:
Wrong – The rainfall increases on the windward side of the Great Escarpment.

Mark the following on the map with the given information and make an index.

Question 1.
Outline Map of Brazil.

1. Winds bringing rainfall to Brazil or North East and South East Trade winds.
2. Drought Quadrilateral or Rainshadow region in Brazil.

Answer:

Question 2.
Outline Map of India.

1. Southwest Monsoon winds or winds bringing rainfall to most parts of India.
2. Northeast monsoon winds.
3. Kargil or place recording lowest temperature in India.
4. Cherrapunji and Mawsynram.
5. Coromandel coast or the coast receiving rainfall from North East monsoon winds.
6. Jaisalmer or place recording lowest rainfall in India.
7. Rain shadow region of Deccan plateau.
8. Region of low rainfall.
9. Heavy rainfall region along the western coast.

Answer: