Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Psychology Important Questions Chapter 1 Story of Psychology Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Psychology Important Questions Chapter 1 Story of Psychology

1A. Complete the following statements.

Question 1.
__________ thought that knowledge is acquired through learning and experience.
(A) Plato
(B) John Locke
(C) Wilhelm Wundt
Answer:
(B) John Locke

Question 2.
Wilhelm Wundt introduced the term __________ experience.
(A) conscious
(B) innate
(C) unconscious
Answer:
(A) conscious

Question 3.
Dr. Sigmund Freud was an __________ physician and neurologist.
(A) German
(B) American
(C) Austrian
Answer:
(C) Austrian

Question 4.
__________ behaviour includes directly noticeable reactions and activities.
(A) Covert
(B) Overt
(C) Conscious
Answer:
(B) Overt

Question 5.
Watson established the school of __________
(A) behaviourism
(B) philosophy
(C) psychology
Answer:
(A) behaviourism

Question 6.
The S-O-R Model was developed by __________
(A) John Watson
(B) Sigmund Freud
(C) Plato
Answer:
(A) John Watson

Question 7.
In SOR, Model ‘R’ stands for __________
(A) reaction
(B) response
(C) rigour
Answer:
(B) response

Question 8.
The first Psychology department was established in __________ University.
(A) Mumbai
(B) Calcutta
(C) Delhi
Answer:
(B) Calcutta

Question 9.
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) was established in __________
(A) Bangalore
(B) Hyderabad
(C) Chennai
Answer:
(A) Bangalore

Question 10.
Patanjali explained deep thought about Psychology in __________
(A) Yogsutra
(B) Upanishada
(C) Ayurveda
Answer:
(A) Yogsutra

Question 11.
People who have Rajasi qualities are __________
(A) aristocratic
(B) calm
(C) sluggish
Answer:
(A) aristocratic

Question 12.
__________ means understanding the causes of behaviour.
(A) Description
(B) Explanation
(C) Prediction
Answer:
(B) Explanation

Question 13.
__________ comprises of knowledge about the probable outcomes of behaviour.
(A) Explanation
(B) Prediction
(C) Control
Answer:
(B) Prediction

1B. Match the following pairs.

Question 1.

Answer:
i – b, ii – a, iii – d, iv – c, v – f, vi – e

1C. State whether the following statements are true or false.

Question 1.
Psychology emerged as a separate branch in the 17th century.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
The symbol of Psychology is Ω.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Logos means a branch of knowledge.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Wilhelm Wundt was an Austrian Physician.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Systematic study of Psychology begun in the year 1869.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
The introspection method was introduced by Wilhelm Wundt.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
John Watson conducted research on animal behaviour, child-rearing, and advertising.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
In the S-O-R model, S stands for stimulus.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
During the 1950-1960s, the focus of Psychology shifted to cognitive processes.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
The hospital for mental diseases was set up at Ranchi.
Answer:
False

Question 11.
There are only two Koshas.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
Gunas determine the characteristics of human beings.
Answer:
False

Question 13.
The goal of description relates to ‘Why’.
Answer:
False

1D. Identify the odd item from the following and give reasons for the same.

Question 1.
Stimulus, Response, Organism, Reaction
Answer:
Reaction
Reason: Rest is the symbol in the S-O-R Model.

Question 2.
Rajas, Kapha, Vata, Pitta
Answer:
Rajas
Reason: The rest are the three types of Doshas.

Question 3.
Aristocratic, Idle, Sluggish, Depressed
Answer:
Aristocratic
Reason: The rest relate to Tamasi’s qualities.

Question 4.
Tirthankar, Kabir, Freud, Vivekanand
Answer:
Freud
Reason: The rests are Indian saints and philosophers.

1E. Complete the following table

Question 1.

1. __________ – Knowledge is innate
2. Prof. Narendra Nath Sen Gupta – __________
3. _________ – Lumbini Park Mental Hospital
4. Yama, Pranayam, Samadhi – __________
5. Describe, Explain, Predict, Control – __________

Answer:

1. Plato – Knowledge is innate
2. Prof. Narendra Nath Sen Gupta – First Psychology department, Calcutta University
3. Calcutta, 1940 – Lumbini Park Mental Hospital
4. Yama, Pranayam, Samadhi – Ashtangyoga, Patanjali
5. Describe, Explain, Predict, Control – Goals of Psychology

2. Answer the following questions in 35-40 words

Question 1.
Explain the study of Sigmund Freud.
Answer:

• Dr. Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis. He believed that most human motives are hidden.
• He stressed the importance of early childhood experiences and unconscious impulses in shaping adult personality.
• He explained that any major psychological problems in a person’s life have their roots in the early years of life.

Question 2.
Explain the study of cognition.
Answer

• During 1950s and 1960s, the concentration of Psychology shifted from behaviour to cognitive processes.
• Psychologists were interested in studying the various internal processes that trigger a particular responsibility towards the stimulus.
• These processes comprise attention, memory, reasoning, etc. and they play an active role in the cognitive processes.

For your understanding
Cognitive science is the scientific study of human thoughts. It examines mental actions of obtaining information as well as understanding through thoughts, experiences, and senses.

Question 3.
Write a note on Ashtangyoga.
Answer:

• In the fifth century B.C., sage Patanjali described deep thought about Psychology in Yogsutra.
• He developed the theory of Ashtanga yoga.
• The eight aspects of Ashtangyoga are Yama, Niyama, Aasana, Pranayam, Pratyahar, Dharana, Dhyan and Samadhi.
• It helps us to control our wishes and desires.

3. Write short notes.

Question 1.
The latest definition of Psychology
Answer:

• The latest definition of Psychology explains that it is the study of human behaviour and mental processes.
• Important terms in this definition are behaviour, mental processes, and the scientific method.
• Behaviour is the reaction of an organism to various stimuli present in the environment.
• It is either overt or covert. Overt behaviour can be seen directly and includes responses such as walking, talking, dancing while Covert behaviour cannot be seen directly and includes responses such as thinking, feeling, etc.
• The mental processes consist of thinking, memory, forgetting, emotion, motivation, attention, and perception.
• In a scientific study, experiments are conducted in a controlled environment. It enables researchers to study sample populations and generalise certain observations to the entire population.

Question 2.
Doshas
Answer:
According to Ayurveda, there are three types of Doshas; viz. Kapha, Vata, and Pitta.

• Kapha Dosha: Individuals who have Kapha as a dominant Dosha is calm, flexible, patient, and caring. They take a longer time to grasp a subject but have a strong memory.
• Vata Dosha: Individuals who have Vata as a dominant Dosha are unpredictable and moody. They get angry very quickly but they also calm down very fast. They are art lovers,
• Pitta Dosha: Individuals having Pitta as a dominant Dosha are very sharp. They are usually short-tempered.

Question 3.
Gunas
Answer:

• According to Ayurveda, a concept to understand human temperament is called Guna.
• There are three types of Gunas, viz. Sattva, Rajas and Tamas.
• The impacts of Gunas are seen in the behaviour of an individual.
• People with Sattva Guna are calm and understanding. They do their work cautiously and promptly. They are aware of reality.
• People with Rajas Guna are proud and have high self-respect. They are aggressive, (belligerent)
• People with Tamas Guna are idle, sluggish, depressed, and not hard-working.

4. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Explain the study of Wilhelm Wundt.
Answer:

• Wilhelm Wundt was a German Physician and Philosopher.
• In the late 19th century, he established the first Psychological laboratory at Leipzig University to study human behaviour.
• He introduced the term conscious experience (i.e. awareness of the mental activities of an organism). This awareness includes the stored mental impressions of the past, present, and future.
• Wundt introduced the Introspection method.
• He also conducted experiments on reaction time, perception, and consciousness. After that, Psychology emerged as a science.

Question 2.
Explain the study of behaviour by John Watson.
Answer:

• John Watson was an American Psychologist who defined Psychology as the Science of human behaviour.
• He conducted research on animal behaviour, child-rearing, and advertising.
• He explained human behaviour through the S-O-R Model.
• Stimulus (S) refers to any physical event or condition that gives rise to a reaction. Organism (0) refers to a human being or an animal, who gives a response to the stimulus. Response (R) refers to the reaction of the organism to a given stimulus.
• Watson also established the school of behaviourism.

Question 3.
Explain Psychology from an Indian perspective.
Answer:

• From 2000 B.C. to 500 A. C., Indian philosophers studied the mind and human behaviour from different viewpoints. They also described ideas like soul, mind, intuition, and so on.
• Upanishads explain the self and personality structure with the help of a concept called Kosha. The different Koshas are Annamaya kosha, Pranmaya kosha, Manomaya kosha, Vidnyanmaya kosha, and Anandmaya kosha.
• Ayurveda explained three types of Doshas; viz. Kapha, Vata, and Pitta and three types of Gunas; viz. Sattva Guna, Rajas Guna and Tamas Guna. Doshas determine characteristics of humans while Gunas explain human temperament.
• In the fifth century B.C., sage Patanjali explained deep thought about Psychology in Yogsutra.
  His theory of Ashtangyoga consists of eight aspects; viz. Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayam, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyan, and Samadhi. He also studied levels of human consciousness and elaborated on how one can evolve spiritually.
• Many other Indian philosophers and saints also studied the mind and human behaviour.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Important Questions Chapter 16 Swarajya to Empire (Maratha Period) Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th History Important Questions Chapter 16 Swarajya to Empire (Maratha Period)

1A. Choose the correct alternative and the complete sentences.

Question 1.
___________ defeated the Yadavas of Devgiri.
(a) Alauddin Khalji
(b) Muhmmad Tughluq
(c) Hasan Gangu Bahamani
(d) Qutubuddin Aibak
Answer:
(a) Alauddin Khalji

Question 2.
After the end of Nizamshahi rule, Shahaji Raje accepted the rank of a Mansabdar in the ___________ court.
(a) Qutubshahi
(b) Imadshahi
(c) Baridshahi
(d) Adilshahi
Answer:
(d) Adilshahi

Question 3.
___________ is regarded as the visionary of Swarajya.
(a) Veermata Jeejabai
(b) Shahaji Raje
(c) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
(d) Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj
Answer:
(b) Shahaji Raje

Question 4.
He took over the fort of ___________ and laid the foundation of Swarajya.
(a) Raigad
(b) Pratapgad
(c) Torana
(d) Sinhgad
Answer:
(c) Torana

Question 5.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj established the first capital of Swaraiva at the fort of ___________
(a) Rajgad
(b) Pratapgad
(c) Raj gad
(d) Vishalgad
Answer:
(a) Rajgad

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Answer:
(d) Translation of Mahabharata – Moropant

Question 2.

Answer:
(b) ‘Rajyavyavaharakosha’ – A compilation of Sanskrit lexicon for Persian terms

Question 3.

Answer:
(a) Diwan – Secretary

Question 4.

Answer:
(b) Chitnis – Correspondence Clerk

1C. Find the odd one out.

Question 1.
Temples of Nashik:
(a) Mahadev
(b) Kalaram
(c) Goraram
(d) Sundarnarayan
Answer:
(a) Mahadev

Question 2.
Shahirs is known for beautiful composition:
(a) Anantafandi
(b) Prabhakar
(c) Ramjoshi
(d) Tulsidas
Answer:
(d) Tulsidas

Question 3.
Persons included in special posts of Ashtapradhans:
(a) Dhanaji
(b) Peshwa
(c) Mantri
(d) Senapati
Answer:
(a) Dhanaji

2A. Write the names of historical places, persons, and events.

Question 1.
Powerful General sent by the court of Bijapur against Chh. Shivaji Maharaj
Answer:
Afzal Khan

Question 2.
Portuguese Shipbuilders
Answer:
Rui Leitao Viegas and his son Fernao Viegas

Question 3.
Disguised himself as Chh. Shivaji Maharaj
Answer:
Shiva Kashid

Question 4.
Text ‘Nayikabhed’was written in this language
Answer:
Brij

Question 5.
Afghani Pathans are known as
Answer:
Rohillas

2B. Choose the correct reason and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
___________ was the leader of the Rohillas.
(a) Najib Khan
(b) Nizamshah
(c) Adilshah
(d) None of them
Answer:
(a) Najib Khan

Question 2.
After Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, ___________ took over the reins at Raigad.
(a) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
(b) Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj
(c) Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj
(d) Shiva Maharaj
Answer:
(a) Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj

Question 3.
___________ defeated the Yadavas of Devgiri and the rule of Delhi Sultans began in south India.
(a) Akbar
(b) Babur
(c) Humayun
(d) Alauddin Khalji
Answer:
(d) Alauddin Khalji

3. Observe the map on page 123 of your textbook and answer the following questions based on it.

Question 1.
Write the names of Seats of Maratha power.
Answer:
Gaikwads of Vadodara, Shindes of Gwalior, Bhosales of Tanjavar, Bhosales of Nagpur, Pawars of Dhar, Holkars of Indore.

Question 2.
Write the extent of Chh. Shivaji Maharaj’s Swarajya.
Answer:
The regions in Maharashtra including Nashik, Pune, Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur, Sindhudurga, Ratnagiri, Raigad; Belgaum, Karwar, Dharwad in Karnataka; some regions of Andhra, Jinji, and Vellore in Tamil Nadu comprised Swarajya.

Question 3.
Name the places in Maratha Empire that are in today’s Pakistan.
Answer:
Attock, Peshawar, Multan, Lahore.

4. Complete the concept maps.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.

Answer:

5. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Maratha-Adilshahi Relations
Answer:

• The inception of Swarajya- After joining the Adilshahi court, Shahaji Maharaj entrusted the administration of his Jahagirs at Pune, Shirwal, and Supe region (pargana) to Chh. Shivaji Maharaj.
• Yet the forts located in those Jahagirs and nearby areas were in the custody of Adilshahi court. The one ‘who owns the forts owns the land’ was the ruling of the day.
• Hence, Chh. Shivaji Maharaj began with capturing the forts in the vicinity of his Jahagirs.
• He took over the fort of Torana and laid the foundation of Swarajya.
• Chh. Shivaji Maharaj established the first capital of Swarajya at the fort of Rajgad.

Javali episode – Chandrarao More proved to be a hindrance in Chh. Shivaji Maharaj’s efforts to create Swarajya. Chh. Shivaji Maharaj successfully took over Javali. After this victory the activities of Chh. Shivaji Maharaj in Konkan was escalated.

Afzal Khan – Realising the danger of the increasing activities of Chh. Shivaji Maharaj, the Bijapur court sent their powerful General Afzal Khan to curb the increasing power of Chh. Shivaji Maharaj. Chh. Shivaji Maharaj had anticipated the intentions of Afzal Khan who had taken up the challenge of killing Chh. Shivaji Maharaj. He met Afzal Khan at Pratapgad. As expected, Afzal khan attempted treachery but Chh. Shivaji Maharaj was well prepared and killed Afzal khan in self-defense. Afzal Khan’s huge army was set on the run and huge booty and weapons were collected left behind by them. This made Swarajya’s treasury richer.

Siddi Jauhar – After Afzal Khan’s defeat, the Bijapur court sent Siddi Jauhar to attack Swarajya. He seized the fort of Panhala and closed all possibilities of escape for Chh. Shivaji Maharaj. In this difficult situation Shiva Kashid, a loyal servant of Swarajya, disguised himself as Chh. Shivaji Maharaj and made it easy for Chh. Shivaji Maharaj to escape.

When Siddi came to know the truth, he killed Shiva Kashid. Thus, Shiva Kashid sacrificed his life for the cause of Swarajya. Baji Prabhu took up the task of blocking Siddhi Masud’s path in Ghodkhind and stop him in his chase of Chh. Shivaji Maharaj. Baji Prabhu was successful in doing this. He fell dead only after receiving the news of Chh. Shivaji Maharaj reaching Vishalgad safely.

Question 2.
Maratha – Mughal Relations
Answer:

• At the time of ascending the throne, Aurangzeb was aware of the ambitious plans of Chh. Shivaji Maharaj.
• He sent his maternal uncle Shaistakhan on an expedition against Chh. Shivaji Maharaj.
• Shaistakhan camped in Lai Mahal in Pune. Chh. Shivaji Maharaj who knew Shaistakhan’s intentions manages to enter the Lai Mahal and cut off Shaistakhan’s fingers.
• Shaistakhan had no alternative but to hastily leave Lai Mahal. Chh. Shivaji Maharaj gained more confidence and he attacked Surat, the prosperous economic capital of Aurangzeb, and collected a large booty.
• Enraged by this, Aurangzeb sent his powerful sardars Mirza Raje Jaising and Diler Khan to attack Swarajya. They captured many forts in the Swarajya.
• Chh. Shivaji Maharaj had the wisdom to comprehend the situation and decided to retreat tactically by signing the ‘Treaty of Purandar’.
• According to the treaty, Chh. Shivaji Maharaj had to present himself before Aurangzeb at Agra, along with his son Sambhaji Maharaj.
• Aurangzeb acted treacherously and put Chh. Shivaji Maharaj is under house arrest.
• Chh. Shivaji Maharaj very cleverly misled the guards and escaped from Agra.
• Soon after returning to Swarajya Chh. Shivaji Maharaj conquered the forts which were held by Aurangzeb.

Question 3.
Maharani Tarabai
Answer:

• After the death of Rajaram Maharaj (March 1700 C.E.), his wife Maharani Tarabai continued to fight against Aurangzeb.
• Maharani Tarabai led the Swarajya movement under extremely unfavourable conditions.
• She single-handedly took charge of the administration and fought for Swarajya for twenty-five years with the help of her sardars.
• At times, the Marathas had to fight the Mughals on lands beyond the boundaries of Swarajya, but she did not stop them.
• This was an indication that the scenario of the war was changing. The Maratha War of Independence was a tussle between the Mughal ambition of expanding their Empire and the desire for independence cherished by the Marathas.
• Finally, the death of Aurangzeb put an end to this fighting. In the beginning, the Mughal rulers adopted an aggressive policy while the Maratha policy remained that of defense.
• But by the second half of the 18th century, this condition changed. With the weakening of Mughal power, the Marathas could extend their rule almost all over India.

6. Explain the following statement with reasons.

Question 1.
Chh. Shivaji Maharaj signed the Treaty of Purandar
Answer:

• Aurangzeb sent his powerful sardars Mirza Raje Jaising and Diler Khan to attack Swarajya.
• They captured many forts in the Swarajya. Mirza Raje Jaising was a powerful and competent military commander.
• He blocked Chh. Shivaji Maharaj from all sides. Lives of Chh. Shivaji Maharaj’s men were endangered.
• Chh. Shivaji Maharaj had the wisdom to comprehend the situation and decided to retreat tactically by signing the ‘Treaty of Purandar’.
• According to the treaty, Chh. Shivaji Maharaj had to present himself before Aurangzeb at Agra, along with his son Sambhaji Maharaj.

Question 2.
Shivaji Maharaj coronated himself.
Answer:

• Chh. Shivaji Maharaj decides to give legitimacy to his earned kingdom.
• To announce the sovereign and independent status of Swarajya it was necessary to make it official.
• Realizing this Chh, Shivaji Maharaj decided to get himself coronated.
• With his coronation as a sovereign king, the provinces under his rule assumed the status of an independent kingdom.
• He minted new coins after the coronation. He started ‘Rajyabhishek Shaka’ i.e., a new era after the coronation.

7. State your opinion.

Question 1.
The work of Sants created a sense of self-esteem among the people of Maharashtra.
Answer:

• The saints created a sense of belonging among people toward their native region, language, literature, and culture.
• They gave a message of equality to people. Their teachings were based on the principles of humanity.
• They preached harmonious community life, unity, and love. Their efforts created social awakening.
• Their teaching helped people to survive situations like foreign invasions, draughts, or other natural calamities.
• Their devotional songs became a source of great moral support for people.
• Their work created a sense of self-esteem among the people of Maharashtra.

Question 2.
Veermata Jeejabai’s role was important in the creation of Swarajya.
Answer:

• Shahaji Raje sent his son Shivajiraje and his wife, Veermata Jijabai from Bengaluru to Pune along with his loyal and capable associates.
• Veermata Jijabai encouraged Chh. ShivajiMaharajto fulfills the dream of Shahajiraje of establishing Swarajya.
• She was a visionary and an efficient administrator.
• She constantly guided her son in the mission of establishing Swarajya and provided him with the excellent education necessary for the king of Swarajya.

8. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Write in detail about Peshwa Period
Answer:

• After Balaji Vishwanath, his son, Bajirao I was appointed as the Peshwa. He expanded the Maratha empire up to Malwa, Rajasthan, and Bundelkhand. He defeated the Nizam.
• After Bajirao I, Balaji Bajirao alias Nanasaheb was appointed as the Peshwa. Madhavrao Peshwa tried to re-establish the Maratha power.
• The defeat in Panipat was not just a political defeat but also lowered the morale of the Marathas greatly.
• Madhavrao Peshwa tried to elevate the spirits of Marathas as well as re-establish the Maratha power in the north.
• The Marathas were successful in overcoming the great defeat at Panipat and create a politically strong position for themselves in the politics of the north.
• Malharrao was the founder of the Holkar State at Indore. He served the Maratha power for a long time.

Question 2.
Write about Maratha’s War of Independence.
Answer:

• After the death of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj was coronated as the King of Swarajya.
• During his reign, a constant conflict continued with the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb’s rebellious son, Akbar had established friendly relations with Sambhaji Maharaj.
• Enraged by this Aurangzeb came down to Deccan along with a huge army and able sardars, who were veterans of warfare.
• For the next 25 years, he camped in Maharashtra and fought against the Marathas.
• After Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj took over the reins at Raigad.
• Aurangzeb sent Zulfikar Khan to seize the fort of Raigad.
• Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj, Maharani Tarabai, Maharani Yesubai (Queen of Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj), and her son Prince Shahu were staying on Raj gad.
• After the death of Rajaram Maharaj (March 1700 C.E.), his wife Maharani Tarabai continued to fight against Aurangzeb.
• Maharani Tarabai led the Swarajya movement under extremely unfavourable conditions.
• She single-handedly took charge of the administration and fought for Swarajya for twenty-five years with the help of her sardars.

9. Answer the following questions with the help of given points.

Question 1.
Write in detail about Maratha’s administration under Chh. Shivaji Maharaj.
(a) Central administration
(b) Provincial administration
(c) Village administration
Answer:
(a) Central administration:

• Chh. Shivaji Maharaj set up an ideal administrative system for the smooth running of Swarajya’s affairs.
• The formation of the Ashtapradhan Mandal (council of eight ministers) and its growth took place along with the expansion of the kingdom.
• After the coronation, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj created special posts of Ashtapradhans. It included ‘Peshwa’, ‘Amatya’, ‘Sachiv’, ‘Mantri’, ‘Senapati, ‘Sumant’, ‘Nyayadhish’ and ‘Panditrao’.
• Chh. Shivaji Maharaj had a strong intelligence network of his own. Bahirji Naik was the Chief of this network. Before starting on any expedition, Chh. Shivaji Maharaj obtained detailed information from his spies and then planned his expedition.

(b) Provincial administration:

• The Kingdom was divided into two parts for the sake of administration. One of them was the province that was geographically bound together and the other comprised scattered regions in the south.
• Sarsubhedars taking care of provincial administration were known as ‘Deshadhikari’.
• Sarsubhas in the Swarajya was meant to be the zonal division for the overall administration, while under Islamic rulers a division merely served the purpose of revenue collection.

(c) Village administration:

• The Subhedars were assisted by ‘Deshmukhs’ and ‘Deshpandes’.
• The main task of a Deshmukh was to collect the land revenue, develop wasteland into cultivable land and settle new villages.
• All government officials received salaries in the form of cash instead of a land grant (watan).
• ‘Village’ was the basic unit of the administrative system. New villages were settled.
• The people were provided with cattle, seed money, money for daily utilities.
• The farmer was given a period of two years, to repay the advance after a good harvest. This system was known as the ‘Batai system’.

Question 2.
Write in detail about the social conditions during the Maratha period.
(a) Art
(b) Architecture
(c) Literature
Answer:
(a) Art:

• The development of Maratha miniature paintings is seen through illustrations on the manuscripts such as pothis, pattachitra, and patrikas. The same style is maintained in the glass paintings as well.
• Illustrated manuscripts of Sanskrit texts such as ‘Bhagvat Gita’, ‘Devi Saptashati’, ‘Bhagvat Purana’ as well as Marathi texts such as ‘Dnyaneshwari’ (Bhavarthadipika), ‘Shivaleelamrut’, ‘Pandavapratap’ etc. are available.
• The paintings of Dashavatara are included in them. The wooden stands of the pothis have paintings of various deities in dark red, green, and yellow colours.
• The miniature paintings, include human portraits and themes like ragamalas, talamala, processions, etc.
• Remarkable portraits of Bajirao I, Nanasaheb Peshwa, Pilaji Jadhavrao are available. Murals are found on the facade of the wadas as well as on the walls of reception areas (Diwankhana) and bedrooms.
• In the temples, the mandapa wall, owri (varanda), shikhara, gabhara (sanctum sanctorum), and chat (ceiling) were also decorated with paintings. Mythological stories form the main theme of these murals.
• They include scenes from Ramayana and Mahabharata and Puranas. The paintings of Dashavatara and Krishnaleela are found almost everywhere.
• The subjects of contemporary social life were also popular in the paintings. The royal court, royal meetings, processions were also included in them.
• Keertan, Bhajana, Powadas (Ballads), Lavani were popular folk songs in Maharashtra.

(b) Architecture:

• Forts – Chh. Shivaji Maharaj gave priority to building forts. The tradition of building forts was prevalent in the Deccan in the last three centuries. This tradition proved to be of advantage to Chh. Shivaji Maharaj..
• Temples – The Kasaba temple in Pune and Vitthal temple in Vitthalwadi were reconstructed by Veermata Jijabai. The construction of temples began on a large scale during the later Peshwa period. These temples were of three types. Examples, of the temple architecture of this period, are found at Saswad (‘Vateshwar’ ‘Sangameshwar’), Mahuli (‘Vishweshwar’).
• Town Planning – Pune, Satara, and Nashik developed into big cities. These cities had well-paved roads, wadas on both sides of the road, and arched gates at intervals.

(c) Literature:

• Marathi literature developed greatly during this period. Sant Tukaram of this period was a poet of the Warkari sect.
• Samarth Ramdas wrote ‘Dasbodh’ and ‘Manache Shlok’ in Marathi. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj got the ‘Rajyavyavaharakosha’ prepared which was a compilation of Sanskrit lexicon for Persian terms.
• Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj was a great writer and Sanskrit scholar. The Sanskrit text ‘Budhabhushan’ was written by him.
• This text is an overview of ancient texts on the polity. Apart from Sanskrit, he also knew many other languages.
• He wrote texts in Brij language namely ‘Nayikabhed’, ‘Nakhshikh’ and ‘Satasattak’. Muhammad Qasim Ferishta wrote the history of India in 12 volumes named ‘Gulshane-i-Ibrahimi’.
• In the 18th century, well-known literary works were composed such as ‘Yatharthdeepika’ by Vaman Pandit, ‘Naladamayanti Swayamvara’ by Raghunath Pandit, Pandavapratapa, Harivijay, Ramavijay by Shridhar Pandit, and the translation of Mahabharata by Moropant. Bakhar literature is important among the historical literature in Marathi.
• It contains eulogies of the heroes and stories of historic events, battles, lives of great men. Sabhasad Bakhar, Bhausahebanchi Bakhar, Panipatchi Bakhar are some of its examples.
• Krushna Dayarnav and Shridhar were the main poets during the Peshwa period. Poet Mahipati composed ‘Bhaktivijay’ in this period.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Important Questions Chapter 15 India During Mughal Period Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th History Important Questions Chapter 15 India During Mughal Period

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
___________ was the king of Farghana province in Central Asia.
(a) Taimurlang
(b) Babur
(c) Genghis khan
(d) Akbar
Answer:
(b) Babur

Question 2.
After Humayun, his son ___________ ascended the throne.
(a) Babur
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Akbar
(d) Shershah
Answer:
(c) Akbar

Question 3.
Rana Pratap was the ruler of ___________
(a) Mewar
(b) Jodhpur
(c) Jaipur
(d) Bundelkhand
Answer:
(a) Mewar

Question 4.
Baburnama was written by ___________
(a) Akbar
(b) Birbal
(c) Babur
(d) Jahangir
Answer:
(c) Babur

Question 5.
The Taj Mahal was built by ___________
(a) Babur
(b) Akbar
(c) Shahajahan
(d) Jahangir
Answer:
(c) Shahjahan

Question 6.
___________ was a Sanskrit scholar.
(a) Dara Shukoh
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Shah Shuja
(d) Murad Baksh
Answer:
(a) Dara Shukoh

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Answer:
(d) Purana Qila – Delhi

Question 2.

Answer:
(a) Fertile – Supik

1C. Find the odd one out.

Question 1.
Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khaas Jama Masjid, Kutub Minar
Answer:
Kutub Minar

Question 2.
Surat, Dabhol, Agra, Calicut
Answer:
Agra

Question 3.
Rajatarangini, Lilavati, Ramayana, Ramacharitamanas
Answer:
Ramacharitamanas

Question 4.
Pahari, Basauli, Gadhwali, Kangra
Answer:
Pahari

2A. Write the names of historical places, persons, and events.

Question 1.
Documents prepared after the fixing of the tax rate.
Answer:
Kabulayat and Patta

Question 2.
He translated Upanishads texts in the Persian language from Sanskrit.
Answer:
Dara

Question 3.
He was born in Uzbekistan.
Answer:
Babur

Question 4.
After Humayun, his son ascended the throne.
Answer:
Akbar

2B. Choose the correct reason and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
The Mughals ruled over India for more than ___________
(a) four centuries
(b) two centuries
(c) one centuries
(d) three centuries
Answer:
(d) three centuries

Question 2.
The grand army of Ibrahim Lodi could not survive in front of ___________
(a) Babur, in the battle of Panipat
(b) Babur, Battle of Khanwa
(c) Rana Pratap, the ruler of Mewar
(d) Humayun’s son Akbar
Answer:
(a) Babur, in the battle of Panipat

2C. Write the correct chronological order.

Question 1.
(a) Babur established his rule in Delhi.
(b) Babur’s son Humayun ascended the throne.
(c) Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi.
(d) Babur defeated Rajputs in the Battle of Khanwa.
Answer:
(a) Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi.
(b) Babur established his rule in Delhi.
(c) Babur defeated Rajputs in Battle of Khanwa
(d) Babur’s son Humayun ascended the throne.

2D. Complete the table.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

3. Observe the map on page 111 of your textbook and answer the following questions based on it.

Question 1.
Name the kingdoms in Maharashtra during medieval times.
Answer:
Mughals, Adilshahi, Nizamshahi

Question 2.
Name the rivers in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Narmada, Tapi, Godavari

Question 3.
Name the islands shown on a map.
Answer:
Lakshadweep and Andaman and the Nicobar Islands

Question 4.
Name the ocean at the tip of India.
Answer:
Indian Ocean

Question 5.
Name the sea shown on a map.
Answer:
Arabian Sea

4. Complete the concept maps.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

5. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
For the expansion of the empire, Akbar adopted the strategy of persuasion with the Rajputs.
Answer:

• Akbar faced many internal and external problems when he started his rule. Mughal power was not completely established and it was vulnerable to attacks.
• During this period, Rana Pratap, the ruler of Mewar, put up a strong resistance against Akbar. Akbar could never win a war with Rana Pratap.
• Hence for the expansion of the empire, he adopted the strategy of persuasion with the Rajputs.
• Akbar had realized that if the Mughal rule has to be strengthened in India then he had to adopt non-offensive policies, which would be popular.

Question 2.
Mughal Empire declined.
Answer:

• After Akbar, Jahangir, Shahjahan, and Aurangzeb ruled efficiently.
• Aurangzeb attempted to expand his empire in the Deccan with prolonged campaigns. There was a toll on the economic status of the Mughals. The campaign in the south drained huge wealth from the Mughal treasury.
• Aurangzeb’s reign is notable for his wars in frontier provinces, his political policies in North and South India, staunch religious policies, and the Mughal- Maratha conflict. All these things ultimately resulted in the decline of Mughal power.
• This period is marked by the expansion of the Maratha kingdom, interference by the Europeans in the political affairs of India, and the decline of Mughal power.
• Finally, the aftermath of the struggle for Independence in 1857 C.E., saw the end of the Mughal rule under Bahadur Shah.

Question 3.
Akbar’s administration was welfare-oriented.
Answer:

• An average of the annual yield in the last ten years was calculated and one-third of this average yield was fixed as the base for the tax to be paid.
• The tax, thus fixed, was applicable for the span of ten years. This offered considerable respite to farmers for a span of ten years.
• Documents are known as ‘Kabulayat’ and ‘Patta’ were prepared from the farmers after the fixing of the tax rate. The tax was collected in cash or in kind.
• The farmers have sanctioned loans for tilling the land, which could be repaid in installments.
• Concessions were also granted to the farmers during times of calamities like famine, floods, and epidemics. These were the Welfare policies of Emperor Akbar.
• Todarmal in Emperor Akbar’s court is known for his insights regarding the welfare of common people.

6. State your opinion.

Question 1.
Arts flourished during the period of the Mughals.
Answer:

• The reign of the three emperors, Akbar, Jahangir, and Shahjahan was a period of peace, order, and prosperity. Arts flourish when there is stability.
• A new era began in the field of art and architecture. The etched designs on the marble walls of mosques, tombs, and palaces are evidence of the highly advanced styles of art and architecture.
• During the period of Akbar and Jahangir, the art of ivory carving received royal patronage.
• The Mughal paintings originated from the Persian styles of painting.
• There are miniature paintings of Persian style in the manuscript of ‘Baburnama’. The art of painting received encouragement during the period of Akbar. He appointed skilled painters in his court.
• During the period of Jahangir, paintings were done based on the court and hunting scenes. The paintings of this period were done in a more realistic style, which is vibrant and attractive. These paintings, portray birds and animals, cloud formations, human figures, and natural scenery.
• During the Mughal period, the art of music seems to have received royal patronage.

Question 2.
Mughals could establish their rule in India.
Answer:

• At the beginning of the 16th century, the political condition in India was somewhat disturbed.
• The Sultanate’s rule had begun to decline after Muhammad Tughluq. The Delhi Sultanate broke down completely and many new independent kingdoms emerged in North, Central, and South India.
• The Bahamani kingdom got divided into five branches. The prosperous Vijaynagar empire was’ destroyed by the five Islamic ruling houses in the South.
• During the same period, the Portuguese began to settle on the western coast of India. The traditional military system of the Indian rulers in the medieval period was not capable of facing the onslaught of new challenges.
• The Indians were not familiar with modern weaponry. Taking advantage of all this, the Mughals established their rule in India.

Question 3.
India received silver every year in large quantities.
Answer:

• Foreign trade flourished to a great extent during the Mughal period.
• Exports from India were larger than the imports.
• Many commodities including silk cloth, precious stones, spices, etc. were exported from India while the imported goods mainly included luxury items.
• The foreign traders had to pay for the Indian goods in the form of silver.
• Hence, India received silver every year in large quantities.

7. Answer the following questions with the help of given points.

Question 1.
Write in detail about Mughal Land Revenue System.
(a) Land Survey
(b) Rate of Tax
(c) Welfare Oriented Policy
Answer:
(a) Land Survey:

• Akbar made further reforms in the revenue system implemented by Shershah Sur. This bought a certain discipline in the Mughal revenue system.
• He graded the cultivable land based on the systematic land survey. The land was classified into four types on the basis of annual yield, i.e. fertile (supik), infertile (napik), irrigated (bagayat), and dry crop (jirayat) land.

(b) Rate of Tax:

• Individual land holdings of farmers were registered. An average of the annual yield in the last ten years was calculated and one-third of this average yield was fixed as the base for the tax to be paid.
• The tax, thus fixed, was applicable for the span of ten years. This offered considerable respite to farmers for a span of ten years. Documents knew as ‘Kabulayat’ and ‘Patta’ were prepared by the farmers after the fixing of the tax rate.

(c) Welfare Oriented Policy:

• The tax was collected in cash or in kind. The farmers have sanctioned loans for tilling the land, which could be repaid in installments.
• Concessions were also granted to the farmers during times of calamities like famine, floods, and epidemics. These were the Welfare policies of Emperor Akbar.
• Todarmal in emperor Akbar’s court is known for his insights regarding the welfare of common people. His insights were instrumental for Akbar’s land reforms.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Important Questions Chapter 14 Delhi Sultanate, Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdom Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th History Important Questions Chapter 14 Delhi Sultanate, Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdom

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
___________ is the founder of the Slave Dynasty.
(a) Qutubuddin Aibak
(b) Mohd. Ghori
(c) Sultan of Ghazni
(d) Alauddin Khalji
Answer:
(a) Qutubuddin Aibak

Question 2.
Qutub Minar at Mehrauli is a well-known example of ___________ architecture.
(a) Indian
(b) Islamic
(c) Greek
(d) Roman
Answer:
(b) Islamic

Question 3.
The Italian traveller Nicolo Conti visited ___________
(a) Vijayanagar
(b) Delhi
(c) Iran
(d) Karnataka
Answer:
(a) Vijaynagar

Question 4.
___________ wrote a text called ‘Amuktamalyada’.
(a) Harihara
(b) Bukka
(c) Krishnadeva Raya
(d) Purnaiya
Answer:
(c) Krishnadevaraya

Question 5.
Tuli translated the text of ___________
(a) Koshashastra
(b) Bhadvad Gita
(c) Ramayan
(d) Mahabharata.
Answer:
(a) Koshashatra

Question 6.
___________ built Alai Darwaza.
(a) Alberuni
(b) Alauddin Khalji
(c) Qutubuddin Aibak
(d) Iltutmish
Answer:
(b) Alauddin Khalji

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Answer:
(d) Taimur – Ruler of Mongol

Question 2.

Answer:
(d) Kalachuris – Gorakhpur

1C. Find the odd one out.

Question 1.
Monuments erected during Islamic Period:
(a) Quwwat-i-Islam
(b) Qutub Minar
(c) Alai Darwaza
(d) Qawwali
Answer:
(d) Qawwali

Question 2.
Main centers of Textile during Sultan period:
(a) Delhi
(b) Chennai
(c) Agra
(d) Multan
Answer:
(b) Chennai

Question 3.
Cities set up by Sultan of Tughluq Dynasty:
(a) Mahajanapadas
(b) Tughluqabad
(c) Jahanpanha
(d) Firozabad
Answer:
(a) Mahajanapadas

Question 4.
Ruling houses of Bahamani Kingdom:
(a) Imadshahi of Varhad
(b) Baridshahi of Bidar
(c) Adilshahi of Bijapur
(d) Gawan of Golconda
Answer:
(d) Gawan of Golconda

2A. Write the names of historical places, persons, and events.

Question 1.
Rulers of Malwa –
Answer:
Parmars

Question 2.
Railway line near Peshawar in Pakistan –
Answer:
Jamrud

Question 3.
First Sultan of Delhi –
Answer:
Qutubuddin Aibak

Question 4.
First and the only woman to ascend the throne of Delhi –
Answer:
Razia Sultan

Question 5.
Mongol rulers in Central Asia –
Answer:
Taimur

Question 6.
Well-known poet and scholar in the court of Sultan Balban –
Answer:
Amir Khusrow

Question 7.
The standard unit for the weight of coin –
Answer:
Tola

Question 8.
Mosque at Delhi built by Qutubuddin Aibak –
Answer:
Quwwat-i-Islam

Question 9.
Persian traveller who visited India during the period of Mahmud Ghazni –
Answer:
Al-Beruni

Question 10.
The text was written by Krishnadevaraya –
Answer:
Amuktamalyada

2B. Choose the correct reason and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
The transition of the ancient period to the medieval period is reflected in
Reason ___________
(a) Political
(b) Social
(c) Economic, religious and cultural
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 2.
The Indian rules could be defeated easily by the Turks because of ___________
(a) internal dissent
(b) lack of bravery
(c) lack of stability
(d) they were soft targets
Answer:
(a) internal dissent

Question 3.
Alauddin Khilji sent his commander Malik Kafur to south because of ___________
(a) he wanted to subdue the Yadavas and collect tribute from them
(b) he devised some new economic reforms
(c) of social reasons
(d) he wanted to build his empire in the south
Answer:
(a) he wanted to subdue the Yadavas and collect tribute from them

2C. Write the correct chronological order.

Question 1.
(a) Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated in the Second Battle of Tarain.
(b) Muhammad Tughluq shifted the capital from Delhi to Devgiri.
(c) Sabuktgin, the Sultan of Ghazni attacked King Jaipal of Punjab.
(d) Qutubuddin Aibak became the first Sultan of Delhi.
Answer:
(a) Subuktigin, the Sultan of Ghazni attacked King Jaipal of Punjab.
(b) Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated in the Second Battle of Tarain.
(c) Qutubuddin Aibak became the first Sultan of Delhi.
(d) Muhammad Tughluq shifted the capital from Delhi to Devgiri.

2D. Complete the concept Maps.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

3. Observe the map on page 108 of your textbook and answer the following questions, based on it.

Question 1.
What does the map show?
Answer:
The map shows the Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdom.

Question 2.
Name the four rivers in the Vijayanagar Kingdom.
Answer:
River Tungabhadra, River Krishna, River Penneru, and River Kaveri.

Question 3.
Where is Lakshadweep island?
Answer:
The island Lakshadweep is in the Arabian Sea.

Question 4.
Name the famous coast near Calicut.
Answer:
Malabar Coast is the famous coast near Calicut.

Question 5.
Name the river in Gondvan.
Answer:
River Mahanadi.

4. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Amir Khusrow
Answer:

• Amir Khusrow was a well-known poet and scholar who composed poetry in the Indian language.
• He spent his life in the court of Sultan Balban in Delhi.
• While describing the muslin of Dhaka, he says, “the Muslin is so fine that even if a hundred yards are tied around the head, one could still see the hair.”

5. Explain the statements with reasons.

Question 1.
The Islamic rule was established in India.
Answer:

• The Islamic rule In India was established by the Turks.
• They attacked India several times.
• None of the rulers in India could resist them.
• They looted enormous wealth from India.
• Many kingdoms were destroyed and Islamic rule was established.

6. State your opinion.

Question 1.
Some cities gain importance as administrative centres while others gain importance as industrial centres.
Answer:

• The rise and fall of the cities depend on its political and cultural graph of events.
• The process of urbanisation is associated mainly with political and economic development.
• The rulers play an important role in the settling and development of a city.
• According to the Arab historian, Ibn Khaldun, trade gains momentum as a result of the conducive policies of the ruler.
• Thus, some cities gain importance as administrative centres while others gain importance as industrial centres.

7. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Elaborate on the internal trade in India.
Answer:

• During the sultanate period, there was an increase in internal trade.
• The local markets operated through weekly markets(Bazaar) and market places (Mandi/Mandai).
• New trade centers (Peth) arose due to expanding transactions of trading. Some of the trading centers were Delhi, Multan, Jaunpur, Banaras, Patna, etc.
• The goods were further transported to various ports via land or riverways.
• Goods were exported by the sea route to countries like Iran, Arabia, China, etc.
• The goods mainly included cotton cloth, muslin, dyed cloth, scented oils, etc.
• Horses were imported to India from Iraq, Turkey, and Iran.
• Semi-precious stones, mercury, lead, alum, saffron, metals like gold and silver were imported from Mecca and Aden.

Question 2.
Write in detail about Vijayanagar Empire.
Answer:

• At the end of the 13th century, Alauddin Khalji’s invasions, the coffers of local rulers in South India were emptied to a great extent.
• This was the time when Harihara and Bukka established the new kingdom of ‘Vijaynagar’ in 1336 C.E.
• During the rule of King Krishnadevaraya, the kingdom expanded into an empire spreading from South Konkan in the west to Vishakhapatnam in the East and Krishna river in the north to Kanyakumari in the south.
• Krishnadevaraya wrote a text entitled, ‘Amuktamalyada’ which is about the State and Policy.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Important Questions Chapter 13 India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th History Important Questions Chapter 13 India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia

1A. Choose the correct alternative to write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
The first kingdom of Sri Lanka established was known as ____________
(a) Tambapanni
(b) Sopara
(c) Pulatthinagar
(d) Srivijaya
Answer:
(a) Tambapanni

Question 2.
____________ was the first woman to become a Buddhist nun in Sri Lanka.
(a) Sanghamitra
(b) Anula
(c) Anuradha
(d) Tara
Answer:
(b) Anula

Question 3.
The relics of Gautama Buddha are known as ____________
(a) Stupa
(b) Kesa
(c) Dhatu
(d) Galapotha
Answer:
(c) Dhatu

Question 4.
The ____________ enlist 64 Indian scripts.
(a) Deepvamsa
(b) Mahavamsa
(c) Lalitvistar
(d) Chullavamsa
Answer:
(c) Lalitvistar

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Answer:
(c) Cambodia – Kambujadesha

Question 2.

Answer:
(d) Moonstone – Chandrashila

1C. Find the odd one out.

Question 1.
Indo-China, Vietnam, Laos, Sri Lanka
Answer:
Sri Lanka

Question 2.
Dambulla, Dulatthinagar, Yongan, Anuradhpur
Answer:
Yongan

Question 3.
Srivijaya, Loas, Majapahita, Shailendra
Answer:
Loas

Question 4.
Funan, Champa, Cambodia, Matram
Answer:
Matram

Question 5.
Shailendra, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar
Answer:
Shailendra

2A. Write the names of historical places, persons, and events.

Question 1.
Founder of the kingdom of Tambapanni
Answer:
King Vijaya

Question 2.
The first woman to become a Buddhist nun
Answer:
Anula

Question 3.
Earliest stupas at Mihinthale
Answer:
Kantakchetiya

Question 4.
Name of the stupa erected on the remains of Thera Mahinda
Answer:
Ambasthal Thupa

Question 5.
Noted Indian philosopher
Answer:
Buddhaghosha

Question 6.
The text was written by Buddhaghosha
Answer:
Vishuddhimagga

Question 7.
Temple of Dantdhatu in the city of Kandy
Answer:
Sri Dalad Maligava

Question 8.
Kingdom in the delta region of Mekong
Answer:
Funan

Question 9.
Ancient kingdom in the coastal region of Vietnam
Answer:
Champa

Question 10.
The ancient name of Cambodia
Answer:
Kambujadesha

Question 11.
Temple built by Suryavarman-II
Answer:
Angkor Wat

Question 12.
Name of the founder king of ‘Majapahita’
Answer:
Vijaya

2B. Choose the correct reason and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
The southern kingdom of China was not left with any alternative path to reach the Silk Route because ____________
(a) China was attacked by a foreign power
(b) China disintegrated into three parts
(c) they found a delta region
(d) the Silk Route was infested with robbers
Answer:
(c) they found a delta region

Question 2.
The Shailendra kings built many Buddhist temples and stupas because ____________
(a) they were followers of Buddhism
(b) they were lovers of Buddhist art
(c) they were Tolerant by nature
(d) they hailed from India
Answer:
(a) they were followers of Buddhism

3. Complete the concept maps.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

4. Explain the following statement with reasons.

Question 1.
The southern kingdom was not left with any alternative path to reach the Silk Route.
Answer:

• When the rule of the Han dynasty ended, China disintegrated into three parts.
• Because of this disintegration, China was not left with any alternative path to reach the Silk Route.
• Hence, the kingdom of the Southern Kingdom sent some people to explore the Sea Route.

Question 2.
According to Buddhist philosophy, the universe exists at three planes.
Answer:
According to Buddhist philosophy, the universe exists at three planes:

• Kamdhatu (Bondage in the form of desire)
• Roopdhatu (Bondage in the form of physical appearance and appellations)
• Aroopdhatu (State of being beyond any bondage).
• The architectural design of Borobudur Stupa is based on the concept of these three planes.

5. State your opinion.

Question 1.
King Anawrahta the founder of the ‘Pagan empire’ is known as the greatest ruler.
Answer:

• King Anawrahta is credited with the unification of north and south Myanmar.
• This unification is said to have given Myanmar its national identity.
• Anawrahta put a check to the increasing power of the Khmer empire of Cambodia.
• During his reign, the ‘Theravada Buddhism’, which had grown weaker, was revived.

Question 2.
The contact of Indians with the various region in Southeast Asia was on the increase.
Answer:

• The contact of Indians was on the increase because of trade during the 2nd-century B.C.E.
• The merchants who had to travel for months together were naturally accompanied by a large retinue of priests, monks, also travelers who were out to test their luck, ambitious members of royal families, etc.
• These were the people who proved instrumental in the spread of Indian culture in Southeast Asia.