Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 3.1 If … Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 3.1 If ….

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 3.1 If … Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat:

Form groups and chat.

Question 1.
How do you react when your parents scold you?
Answer:
My parents do not scold me without any rhyme or reason. If they scold me, it should be my mistake. Whenever they get angry and scold me, I try to keep mum so that they cool down. I also accept my mistake frankly if that is the only reason of their scolding.

Question 2.
How do you feel when someone insults you?
Answer:
When someone insults me, I try to find out the reason why he/she behaves like that. If there is a mistake from my side I try to avoid the same mistake again. I never get angry even if someone insults me for my petty mistake.

Question 3.
How would you react when you are cheated by your friend?
Answer:
I am quite sure that any of my friend wouldn’t dare to cheat me. But if it happens I would try to make him/her realize whatever he/she has done is very wrong. And whatever he/she has done is not good for him/her too.

Question 4.
Why is it wrong to make a difference among friends who belong to a different class, colour or community?
Answer:
We are friendly with those who are good at soul and mind. When our behaviour and mind match with each other, we become friends. I personally feel that friendship is not built on the basis of caste, colour or community. It develops on the basis of how we understand one another.

1. Complete the table by providing suitable responses to the given actions:

Question 1.
Complete the table by providing suitable responses to the given actions:
(Answers are directly given.)

Answer:

Action	Response
1. You are punished by the teacher without any reason.	I shall not lose my temper but I shall talk to the teacher afterwards to clear the doubt.
2. Your friends spread rumour about you.	I shall try to keep myself cool and confident and try to find out the reason.
3. Someone doubts you.	I shall try to clear his/her doubts about me personally.
4. Your relative blames you for something.	I shall try to find out the reason and I shall convince him/her not to blame me un­necessarily.
5. Someone hurts you.	I shall try to keep away from such people but I shall definitely introspect.

2. Complete the sentences meaningfully and share them with the class:

Question 2.
Complete the sentences meaningfully and share them with the class:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)

1. If you read books, you will gain knowledge.
2. If you do exercise daily, ………………………… .
3. If ……………………… , you will pass the exam.
4. If ……………………….., …………………………….. .
5. ……………………………, If …………………………… .

Answer:

1. If you read books, you will gain knowledge.
2. If you do exercise daily, you will become healthy.
3. If you work hard, you will pass the exam.
4. If you respect others, others will respect you.
5. We should accept the truth, if we know it very well.

3. Classify the following into weaknesses and strengths:

Question 1.
Classify the following into weaknesses and strengths:
fear, confidence, clarity, confusion, worry, courage, cowardice, compassion, bravery, hesitation, punctuality, laziness, anger, faith, patience, ambition, generous, impatient, cheerful, tolerant, arrogant, aggressive.

Answer:

Weaknesses	Strengths
fear, confusion, worry, cowardice, hesitation, laziness, anger, impatience, arrogant, aggressive	confidence, clarity, courage, compassion, bravery, punctuality, faith, patience, generous, cheerful, tolerant, ambition

English Workshop:

1. Read the following bits of advice and state whether you Agree or Disagree with them:

Question 1.
Read the following bits of advice and state whether you Agree or Disagree with them:

Answer:

Advice	Answer
1. Get angry when others commit mistakes.	Disagree
2. Run away from troubles.	Disagree
3. Get angry when others blame us	Disagree
4. Reconstruct something we have built with care even if it has been broken by others.	Agree

2. Pick out and enlist the positive and negative qualities in respective columns from the extract:

Question 2.
Pick out and enlist the positive and negative qualities in respective columns from the extract:
(Answers are directly given)

Answer:

Positive qualities	Negative qualities
keep your head	lose your head
1. trust yourself	1. doubt others.
2. be truthful	2. deal in lies.
3. be smart	3. give way to hating.

3. Why do the lines in the poem begin with, ‘If you can …?’ What effect does this have?

Question 1.
Why do the lines in the poem begin with, ‘If you can …?’ What effect does this have?
Answer:
The lines in the poem begin with ‘If you can… ’ because the poet insistently wants to emphasise the importance of his good advice and attract his son’s attention to every piece of advice given by him. The repetition of the lines has a musical effect.

4. Look at the use of opposite reactions in the Poem.

Question 1.
Look at the use of opposite reactions in the Poem.
For example, “If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs”. Find four other such opposite reactions from the extract.
Answer:

1. or being lied about, don’t deal in lies.
2. or being hated, don’t give way to hating.
3. you can think and not make thoughts your aim.
4. you can trust yourself when all men doubt you.

5. Complete the following:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)

Question (a)
Say WHAT …………….
are the two imposters ? …………………….. .
can the unforgiving minute be made up of? …………………….. .
Answer:
Say WHAT …………….
are the two imposters ? Triumph and Disaster.
can the unforgiving minute be made up of? sixty seconds, worth of distance run.

Question (b)
Say WHO …………….
should you trust, when doubted? …………………….. .
can you talk with and walk with? ……………………… .
Answer:
Say WHO …………….
should you trust, when doubted? oneself.
can you talk with and walk with? crowd and kings.

Question (c)
Say WHEN ……………..
can the Earth become yours? …………………….. .
should you start re-building with old tools? …………………….. .
Answer:
Say WHEN ……………..
can the Earth become yours? when we can make good use of every single minute.
should you start re-building with old tools? when we watch things created by us being broken up.

Question (d)
Say WHY ………….
do knaves twist the truth? …………………….. .
should you consider all men equally important? …………………….. .
Answer:
Say WHY ………….
do knaves twist the truth? to make trap for fools.
should you consider all men equally important? because neither foe nor friend can hurt us.

6. What should be our attitude towards the people of different strata and classes?

Question 1.
What should be our attitude towards the people of different strata and classes?
Answer:
Our attitude towards the people of different strata and classes should be positive and fair. We should treat all of them equally. We should not discriminate them on the ground of race, gender, class or religion. We may keep company with the rich but at the same time you should connect with the common man and the poor. Whatever their place in the society intermingle with them wholeheartedly. We should make efforts to integrate with all of them.

7. What, according to Rudyard Kipling, is the highest quality that makes a man a true human being?

Question 1.
What, according to Rudyard Kipling, is the highest quality that makes a man a true human being?
Answer:
According to Rudyard Kipling, treating all people equally without any discrimination makes a man a true human being.

8. Identify the figures of speech used in the following lines : (Choose from the brackets.)

Question 1.
Identify the figures of speech used in the following lines : (Choose from the brackets.)
(Simile/Repetition/Antithesis/Personification/ Metaphor/Alliteration/Apostrophe)
Answer:

1. “If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs” – Antithesis
2. “If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster and treat those two imposters just the same” – personification
3. “And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise” – Repitition
4. With worn-out tools – Alliteration

9. Write a letter to your parents, thanking them for advising you; when you were in a confused state of mind. Cover up the following points in the body of the letter:

Question 1.
Write a letter to your parents, thanking them for advising you; when you were in a confused state of mind. Cover up the following points in the body of the letter:

• Your problem and confusion.
• The advice of your parents.
• How you followed their advice.
• How the problem got solved.
• Your deep gratitude to them.

Answer:
Prathamesh Purandare,
10, K.B.P. Boy’s Hostel,
Satara – 415 001.
23rd Nov., 2020.
Dear Aai and Baba,

I am extremely happy to write this letter and thank both of you for your good advice. Actually when I joined the hostel, I was not willing to stay here any longer. I couldn’t adjust to the environment and even with the boys here. But in Diwali vacation you both convinced me and told me, how to mingle with the boys here and even how to get accustomed to the conditions here, so now I am quite sure that I would live here happily. Whatever advice you have given, is definitely good for me.

When I came back here, the whole scenario of the hostel and my preconceptions about the hostel life got totally changed. Why I don’t know, but now I am very much happy to live here and intermingle with my hostel mates. If you had not advised me on this issue, I would have left the hostel long before. And my whole academic year would have gone wasted. Thank you very much for making me realize the importance of education and adjustment in the life. Thank you once again for whatever you have done for me. Convey my regards to Grandma and love to little Preksha. Waiting for your next letter as early as possible.

Your loving son,
Prathamesh

10. Draft a speech to be given during the farewell for Standard X on the topic Changes, I would like in the School Education of our State.

Question 1.
Draft a speech to be given during the farewell for Standard X on the topic Changes, I would like in the School Education of our State.

• Greeting and salutation
• Self introduction and introduction of the topic
• A catchy thought/episode/news etc. to start with
• 2 to 3 changes that you suggest with their reason
• Conclusion
• Thank you/greeting

Answer:
“Changes, I would like in School Education of our State ”

Honourable Chairperson, respected Headmaster and teachers.

I, Nikita Desai from Std. X-A wishing you a very pleasant morning. I am here to express my views on behalf of all my classmates and to bid farewell to our school, teachers and all of you.

After spending almost 10-12 years in this school, we are now capable to keep our steps out in a very different world. And I am sure being the students of this school; we would never fall short anywhere and in any field. I know the Chief Guest of today’s programme is the Education Minister of our state. So I take this opportunity to suggest some changes in the school education of our state.

The first and very important thing I would recommend is about the option. There should be internal option to each and every subject. The child should be free to opt whatever he or she likes. Teaching and learning process should not be monotonous. It should be interesting. Every child should take part in this process. Teacher should not be an authoritarian.

One more thing, I would suggest about the examination. Examination should not be mandatory. Even upgradation of a child should be based on his / her internal performance. Written examination should not be given the whole credit. There should not be a burden of homework. It should be done at school.

I know, it is quite difficult to implement everything all of a sudden. But if you go step-by-step, it is quite a feasible suggestion. I know education in Maharashtra is better than other states. But if we make these changes, teaching and learning will be more enjoyable. I hope you will try to understand the views of every child.

Wishing my friends all the best for their examination and for their bright future life. Thank you for listening to me carefully and attentively.

Jai Hind.

Project:

Question 1.
Rudyard Kipling’s work is known to all of us. Write at least five poems of Kipling in your ; notebook and submit it to your teacher. You f can take help of your school library or search for these poems on the internet.

Question 2.
Rudyard Kipling’s book, entitled ‘The Jungle Book’ is famous world wide. Its theme and setting of the story attracts the readers from the beginning. Write a book review of Kipling’s book ‘The Jungle Book’ in 100 to 150words.

Language Study:

1. Look at the following sentences:

Question 1.
Look at the following sentences:
1. If I practise hard, I shall win the game.
2. If you buy a new car, it will cost you a lot of money.
Each of those sentences has two clauses – main clause and subordinate clause.

Here, the subordinate clause indicates ‘possibility’ or ‘likelihood’. The tense of a subordinate clause depends on the main clause.

Complete the following sentences:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underline.)
a. If I like it, ………………………….. .
b. If it rains, ………………………….. .
c. If ………………………….., you would catch the train.
d. If she had obeyed her parents, ………………………….. .
Answer:
a. If I like it, I will buy it at any cost.
b. If it rains, I will remain at home.
c. If you came on time, you would catch the train.
d. If she had obeyed her parents, she would have saved her life.

2. Pick out lines that contain the following figures of speech.

Question (a)
Antithesis (Opposite ideas): ………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………………….. .
Answer:
Antithesis (Opposite ideas): If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you.

Question (b)
Personification: …………………………………………………………. .
……………………………………………………………………………….. .
Answer:
Personification: If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster….

Question (c)
Repetition: ………………………………………………………………. .
……………………………………………………………………………….. .
Answer:
Repetition: If you can dream and not make dreams your master.

Question (d)
Metaphor: ………………………………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………………….. .
Answer:
Metaphor: And stoop and rebuilt them up with worn-out tools.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 3.1 If … Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. When the people around us doubt us, we should trust ourselves.
2. We can dream but we should not be slave to our dreams.
3. We can bear to hear the truth spoken by dishonest people.
4. When all people around us are unable to act in sensible way, we should keep our head cool.

Question 2.
Read the following bits of advice and state whether you Agree or Disagree with them:
Answer:

Advice	Answer
1. Keep friendship with all classes of people.	Agree
2. Hate the rich people and help the poor.	Disagree
3. We should treat everyone equally.	Agree
4. If we use every minute for the sake of good, we will be a real ‘human being’.	Agree

Question 3.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. We should not lose the common touch even while walking with the kings.
2. If we treat everyone equally, neither foes nor loving friends can hurt us.
3. The speaker in this poem is ‘the father’.
4. The poem is addressed to ‘the son’.

Complex Factual Activities:

Find the line/lines from the extract as a proof for the following explanations:

Question 1.
If you watch the things created by you are being broken, you can build them up by using worn out tools.
Answer:
or watch the things you gave your life to broken, And stoop and build’em up with worn-out tools :

Question 2.
You should treat both Triumph and Disaster in the same way as they treat you.
Answer:
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat those two imposters just the same;

Question 3.
How should you react when someone lies about you and hates you?
Answer:
If someone lies about me, I will not tell such lies to others about him/her. And if someone hates me I will not allow myself to be controlled by his / her hatred and I would not appear to be perfect or show off my knowledge.

Question 4.
What does the poet call people who twist the truth to suit them?
Answer:
The poet calls “knaves” to the people who twist the truth to suit them.

Question 5.
Match the following idiomatic expressions in column ‘A’ with meaning in column ’B’:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. lose the common touch	(a) keep one’s goodness or morals under any condition
2. unforgiving minute	(b) refuse to interact with common people
3. keep one’s virtue	(c) to be a good, perfect human being
4. to be a man	(d) time that does not wait for anyone

Answer:

1. lose the common touch – refuse to interact with common people
2. unforgiving minute – time that does not wait for anyone
3. keep one’s virtue – keep one’s goodness or morals under any condition
4. to be a man – to be a good, perfect human being

Question 6.
Pick out and enlist the positive and negative qualities in respective columns from the extract: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Positive qualities	Negative qualities
1. walk with the kings	lose the connect with common man
2. treat all people equally	differentiate people unfairly

Activities based on Poetic Devices:

Question 1.
Write down all musical pairs from the extract and add your own rhyming word for each of them.
Answer:

Musical pairs	Added rhyming word
you  – too	two
waiting – hating	rating
lies – wise	prize
master – disaster	monster
aim – same	claim
spoken – broken	grown
fools – tools	wools

Question 2.
Name the figures of speech:
Answer:
1. If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you. – Antithesis
2. Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it. – Tautology

Question 3.
Find and write the rhyming pairs from the extract and add your own rhyming word for each of them
Answer:

Rhyming pairs	Added rhyming word
1. virtue – you	too
2. touch – much	such
3. minute- it	wit
4. run – son	fun

Appreciation of Poem:

1. Title: The title of the poem is ‘If’.
2. Poet: The poet of this poem is Rudyard Kipling.
3. Rhyme scheme: The rhyme scheme for the ; first stanza is ‘aaaa’. All the other five stanzas have the rhyme scheme ‘abab’.
4. Figure of speech (Any 1): Antithesis, Tautology, Personification anaphora.
5. Theme / Central Idea: The central idea of the poem is certain valuable pieces of advice ; imparted by a father to his son.

Several of the lines in the poem begin with the conjunction ‘if’. ; (The very title of the poem is ‘If’.) The theme j running through the poem is that ‘if the son ; fulfils certain conditions, he can be rest assured of certain favourable results’. Both the conditions and the results have a direct bearing upon the lives of all young people.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 4.5 Tansen Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 4.5 Tansen

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 4.5 Tansen Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

Question (a)
Indian Classical Music consists of many Ragas. Find out from an expert or from the internet, the names of at least 10 Ragas and the time they are sung to produce greater effect.

Answer:

Name of Raga	Effective when
1. Pahadi	evening
2. Bhairav	sung in the morning
3. Deepak	evening
4. Malkous	small hours of the morning
5. Yaman	sunset to late evening
6. Bhimpalasi	late afternoon to sunset
7. Kedar	late evening to midnight
8. Jog	small hours of the morning
9. Bhairavi	often at the end of a long musical performance.
10. Gaud Malhar	monsoon

(Students can find more information from the Internet.)

Question (b)
Archaic words are those that are no longer used in a language, but sometimes their usage adds a historical or old-times flavour to a piece of writing.
Examples:

1. behold – look
2. afeared – frightened
3. forsooth – indeed
4. hither – this place

Now find out some archaic words from your mother tongue or another language that you are proficient in and write down at least ten of them, and against each, their modern equivalent and meaning in English.

Answer:

Archaic word	Modem equivalent	Meaning in English
1.
2.

(Students can find out from their parents or other elders, and attempt this in their own mother tongue.)

Question (c)
There are many legends about the ‘nine gems’ in Akbar’s Court. Can you name some of the nine gems and the stories associated with them?
Answer:
The nine gems of Akbar’s court were:

1. Abu’l Fazi ibn Mubarak
2. Raja Todar Mai
3. Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana
4. Raja Birbal
5. Mulla Do-Piyaza
6. Faizi
7. Fakir Aziao-Din
8. Tansen and
9. Raja Man Singh I.

There Eire plenty of Akbar-Birbal stories and those of Akbar and Tansen that are famous.
(Students can read these stories either from the library or from the internet.)

English Workshop:

1. Pick out the archaic words from the poem and give their modern equivalents:

Question 1.
Pick out the archaic words from the poem and give their modern equivalents:

Answer:

Archaic Words	Modem Equivalents
1. thy	your
2. thine	yours
3. ’twere	it were
4. o’er	over
5. thee	you

2. Write who said the following words, to whom, and when:

Question 2.
Write who said the following words, to whom, and when:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

The expression/sentences	Who said it	To whom	When
1. “Ah, no, to thee I sing: he sings to God.”	Tansen	Akbar	When Akbar asks him to sing the same musical composition that Ostad had sung, in the same way.
2. ‘What theme this is that holds the soul enchanted.’	Akbar	Tansen	When Akbar hears the beautiful musical composition that Ostad had sung.

3. Rearrange the following in their proper order as in the poem. Write the serial number against each line:

Question 1.
Rearrange the following in their proper order as in the poem. Write the serial number against each line:
(The answer is given directly.)
Answer:
(a) The Ostad sang the Malkous Raga enchantingly. [6]
(b) Akbar followed Tansen, dressed miserably. [4]
(c) I request you to sing such a song that I will experience unmatched joy. [9]
(d) Ostad was nowhere to be seen. [8]
(e) O Divine Teacher, please gift us the joy of your song. [5]
(f) One day, the singer sang Deepak Raga in the court. [1]
(g) Akbar expressed his wish to meet the Teacher. [3]
(h) He experienced heavenly delight. [7]
(i) Tansen sings to please the earthly king but Ostad devotes his songs to God. [10]
(j) She sang Raga Malhar, which had a cooling effect. [2]

4. Write the reason in your own words:

Question (a)
Akbar strongly desired to hear Ostad (the teacher) sing.
Answer:
Akbar was enraptured with Tansen’s singing. He said that Tansen’s teacher must be and divine for Tansen to have learnt to sing so magically under his coaching. Akbar then felt that Ostad’s singing would be even better, and so he strongly desired to hear Ostad sing.

Question (b)
Akbar had to dress like a slave.
Answer:
Akbar badly wanted to meet Tansen’s teacher and hear him sing. However, the teacher did not think it worthy to sing to kings, and hence Tansen suggested that it would be better for Akbar to meet him as a poor slave. Therefore Akbar changed his kingly attire and wore the robes of a poor man.

Question (c)
After the song, Ostad had vanished.
Answer:
Ostad vanished because he probably did not; want to hear any praise or any demands for more songs.

Question (d)
Ostad’s song was more elating than Tansen’s songs.
Answer:
Ostad’s song was more elating than Tansen’s songs because Tansen sang to Akbar, a human being, while Ostad sang to God.

5. What message does the poet wish to convey through this narrative poem, ‘Tansen’?

Question 1.
What message does the poet wish to convey through this narrative poem, ‘Tansen’?
Answer:
The poet wishes to convey that one can reach great heights in one’s field if one becomes unworldly and devotes one’s talents to someone or something higher than mere human beings.

6. Summarise the poem in your own words in 8-10 lines, highlighting only the main points.

Question 1.
Summarise the poem in your own words in 8-10 lines, highlighting only the main points.
Answer:

Tansen

Tansen was a singer in Akbar’s court. One day, he sang the Deepak Raga so well that Akbar was enraptured. He wished to meet the teacher at whose feet Tansen had learnt to sing so magically. However, the teacher lived in a remote cave in the Himalayas. He shunned wealth and disdained to sing to earthly kings. Akbar donned the clothes of a slave and went with Tansen to meet him. On their request, Ostad sang the Malkous Raga. It was so enchanting that Akbar felt as if he had been transported to Heaven. Soon after this, Ostad vanished. Akbar asked Tansen whether he could sing the same musical composition that Ostad had sung. Tansen replied that he could not, for he, Tansen, sang to earthly kings, while his Ostad sang to God.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 4.5 Tansen Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Say whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)

1. Akbar was fond of music. True
2. Malhar is the Song of Fire. False
3. Akbar rewarded Tansen for his singing. True
4. Tansen did not come back to normal. False

Question 2.
Write who said the following words, to whom, and when:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Utterance	Who said it	To whom	When
“Mighty thy teacher must be and divine.”	Akbar	Tansen	After hearing the wonderful Deepak Raga.
“He dwells within a cave of Himalay.”	Tansen	Akbar	When Akbar praised Tansen and asked him about his teacher.
“As you desire, Huzoor.”	Tansen	Akbar	When Akbar told Tansen that he wanted to see the teacher and hear him sing.
“O Holy Master, bless us with thy song!”	Akbar and Tansen	The teacher	When they met the teacher in the mountains.

Complex Factual Activity:

Question 1.
How did Akbar reward Tansen for the ecstatic effect of his singing?
Answer:
Akbar rewarded Tansen by praising him, gifting him a lot of jewels and calling him the chief jewel in his diadem.

Question 2.
What happened to Tansen when he sang the Deepak Raga with great fervour?
Answer:
When Tansen sang the Deepak Raga with great fervour, his body burst into flames and burnt like a pyre.

Question 3.
How did he (Tansen) come back to normal again?
Answer:
He(Tansen) came back to normal again when a maiden sang Malhar, the song of cold water, and put out the fire.

Question 4.
What does the incident tell us about Tansen’s singing?
Answer:
The incident tells us that Tansen’s singing was whole-hearted, magical and divine.

Question 5.
What did Tansen tell Akbar about his teacher?
Answer:
Tansen told Akbar that his teacher stayed in a remote cave in the Himalayas, far away from the unworthy crowds, scorning worldly wealth. He did not think it worthy to sing to kings, and hence Tansen suggested that it would be better for Akbar to meet him as a poor slave.

Question 6.
What was the magical effect of Ostad’s rendering the Malkous Raga?
Answer:
When Ostad sang the Malkous Raga, the birds and beasts gathered around, enchanted with the song. Akbar felt waves of heavenly rapture. He felt his soul was enchanted and his heart was filled with delight.

Question 7.
What happened before Akbar could come out of his trance?
Answer:
Ostad had vanished before Akbar could come out of his trance.

Question 8.
Why did Tansen’s singing not produce the same effect as that by Ostad?
Answer:
Tansen’s singing did not produce the same effect as that by Ostad because Tansen sang to Akbar – a human being – while Ostad sang to God.

Activities based on Poetic Devices:

Question 1.
Pick out the rhyming pairs of words in the first six lines.
Answer:
Rhyming words: Court – Fort, bells – tells, gem – diadem.

Question 2.
‘His voice rang like the sound of silver bells.’ Pick out and explain the figure of speech in this line.
Answer:
Simile: His voice is compared to the sound of silver bells, with the use of the word ‘like’.

Question 3.
Pick out the rhyming words in the last six lines of the extract. What is the rhyme scheme?
Answer:
Rhyming words are: slave – cave, feet – sweet, long – song. The rhyme scheme is aa, in rhyming couplets.

Question 4.
Pick out the figure of speech in the sentence:
‘He felt the waves of heavenly rapture roll.’
Answer:
The figure of speech is Alliteration; repetition of the sound of the letter ‘r’.

Point Format (for understanding)

• Title: Tansen
• Poet: Hazrat Inayat Khan
• Rhyme Scheme: The poem is in rhyming couplets. So the rhyme scheme is aa.
• Figure of Speech: Alliteration. ‘Tell me, Tansen, what theme this is that holds’. Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘t’. The other figures of speech are Simile and Inversion.
• Theme/Central idea: This narrative poem depicts Akbar’s appreciation of Tansen’s singing, his meeting with Tansen’s teacher, and what he felt during this meeting. The final lines lead to the climax of the narration.

Paragraph Format:

‘Tansen’ by Hazrat Inayat Khan is a narrative poem depicting Akbar’s appreciation of Tansen’s singing, his meeting with Tansen’s teacher, and what he felt during this meeting. The final lines lead to the climax of the narration.

The poem is in rhyming couplets. So the Rhyme Scheme is aa. A Figure of Speech : Alliteration: ‘Tell me, Tansen, what theme this is that holds’ – Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘t’. The other figures of speech are Simile and Inversion.

The poet wishes to convey that one can reach great heights in one’s field if one becomes unworldly and devotes one’s talents to someone or something higher than mere human beings. The story is told systematically and logically and can be easily understood.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 2.6 The Past in the Present Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 2.6 The Past in the Present

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 2.6 The Past in the Present Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:

1. We find the following in the script of a skit | or play. Rearrange the steps in these proper j order and write them down in the form of a flow chart:

Question 1.
We find the following in the script of a skit | or play. Rearrange the steps in these proper j order and write them down in the form of a flow chart:
Answer:

2. Think of a play/skit which you have seen enacted on the stage and which has impressed you. Write the following details about it.

• Name of the play/skit: ……………………………..
• Important characters: ……………………………..
• Any famous actors/actresses: ……………………………..
• Theme: ……………………………..
• Climax: ……………………………..
• Ending: ……………………………..
• Use of lights and special effects if any: ……………………………..
• Use of background music and sound effects if any: ……………………………..
• Use of sets: ……………………………..
• The costumes, make up, etc. of the characters: ……………………………..
• How well the actors present the play and behave on the stage: ……………………………..
• Your own opinion about the play: ……………………………..

Question 1.
Think of a play/skit which you have seen enacted on the stage and which has impressed you. Write the following details about it:
Answer:
1. Name of the play: Pygmalion (My Fair Lady)
2. Important characters: Professor Henry Higgins, Eliza Dolittle, Colonel Pickering, Mr. Dolittle (Eliza’s father) and Professor Higgins’ mother.
3. Any famous actors/actresses: No. The cast is made up of newcomers.

4. Theme: Bernard Shaw’s ‘Pygmalion’ centres round a bet made by Professor Henry Higgins, a well-know phonetician, with his best friend Colonel Pickering. The professor states that he can change a flower girl’s entire behaviour and speech in such a way that in a few months she can be passed off as a duchess.

5. Climax: The scene between Eliza and Professor Higgins, when she throws away the jewellery he had given her, and they have a grand fight.

6. Ending: An ambiguous ending, left to the imagination of the viewer.
7. Use of lights and special effects, if any: The lights change frequently to depict various scenes and places.

8. Use of background music and sound effects, if any: This is a musical, with superb foot-tapping music and amusing lyrics. The sound effects and background music add authenticity to the market place scene, Eliza’s diction, the Professor’s anger, etc. and are excellent.

9. Use of sets: The sets change appropriately as per the needs of the play. There is not much time wasted in between acts.

10. The costumes, make-up, etc. of the characters: Excellent. The costumes of the early and mid-20th century are entrancing. The big hats with feathers, the lovely gowns, the Professor’s elaborate I suits, etc. are a sight to behold. The make-up is suitable.

11. How well the actors present the play and behave on the stage: The dialogue delivery and the movement of the actors on stage was smooth and flawless. The song-and-dance sequences were enacted perfectly.

12. Your own opinion about the play: An excellent and interesting play, with a classic British sense of humour. The characters portray this sense of humour very well. As a result, every single sentence is worth listening to, and every single song is melodious and meaningful.

3. Present these points in the form of a review, and give it a suitable title.

Question 1.
Present these points in the form of a review, and give it a suitable title.
Answer:

Review of ‘Pygmalion’ Bernard Shaw’s ‘Pygmalion’ centres round a bet made by Professor Henry Higgins, a well-know phonetician, with his best friend Colonel Pickering. The professor states that he can change a flower girl’s entire behaviour and speech in such a way that in a few months she can be passed off as a duchess.

The important characters in the play are Professor Henry Higgins, Eliza Dolittle, Colonel Pickering, Mr. Dolittle (Eliza’s father) and Professor Higgins’ mother. The play has been performed by newcomers, and there are no known names. It is a musical, with superb foot-tapping music and amusing lyrics. The sound effects, sets and use of lights add authenticity to the market place scene, Eliza’s diction, the Professor’s anger, etc. and are excellent.

The climax is the scene between Eliza and Professor Higgins, where she angrily flings the jewellery he had given her, and they have a grand fight, resulting in Eliza walking off from the house. The ending is ambiguous and left to the imagination of the viewer.

The costumes of the early and mid – 20th century are entrancing. The big hats with feathers, the lovely gowns, the Professor’s elaborate suits, etc. are a sight to behold. The dialogue delivery and the movement of the actors on stage is smooth and flawless. The song- and-dance sequences are enacted perfectly.

Overall, an excellent and interesting play, with a classic British sense of humour. The characters portray this sense of humour very well. As a result, every single sentence is worth listening to, and every single song is melodious and meaningful.

4. Prepare a ‘power point’ presentation, using one slide for each of the above points. Present your review in a PPT format in the classroom.

Question 1.
Prepare a ‘power point’ presentation, using one slide for each of the above points. Present your review in a PPT format in the classroom.
Answer:
(Students can prepare the PPT in their Computer labs.)

English Workshop:

1. In the diagram below encircle the various features that make the script of a skit! play. List the other words and mention the form of writing of which it is a feature.

Question 1.
In the diagram below encircle the various features that make the script of a skit! play. List the other words and mention the form of writing of which it is a feature.
Answer:

1. Sender’s address – Part of a letter.
2. Salutation – Part of a letter.
3. Leadline – Part of a news report.
4. Diagram – Part of non-verbal communication.

2. Choose the proper alternative to complete the following:

Question i.
The skit covers a period of about ………………. in the past.
(a) 3000 years
(b) 1000 years
(c) 5000 years
(d) 1800 years
Answer:
(c) 5000 years

Question ii.
…………….. characters from Neel’s ancestral lineage make an appearance in the play.
(a) Fourteen
(b) Seven
(c) Sixteen
(d) Twelve
Answer:
(a) Fourteen

Question iii.
The task that all boys abhorred was ……………. .
(a) cleaning up their room
(b) farm-work
(c) filling up water
(d) making their beds
Answer:
(d) making their beds

Question iv.
The skit conveys that doing your daily chores at home ………………. .
(a) make you stronger
(b) sharpens your intellect
(c) saves a lot of expenses
(d) inculcates a sense of responsibility
Answer:
(d) inculcates a sense of responsibility

3. Fill in the table 

Question 1.
Fill in the table.
Answer:

4. Answer in your own words.

Question a.
What excuses did Neel give to avoid cleaning his room?
Answer:
Neel says that he is going out to meet his friends. He then says that he had cleaned his room just two days earlier. He wonders why it needs to be cleaned daily, for it makes no difference.

Question b.
Why does mother tell Neel about his Grandpa?
Answer:
Mother tells Neel about his Grandpa to make him realize that Grandpa had many more daily chores to finish than him, Neel, and much tougher ones too. He also had to make his bed, just like Neel would have to.

Question c.
What task did Grandpa wish to avoid?
Answer:
Grandpa wished to avoid the task of making his bed.

Question d.
What did the ancestor from 1910 wish to do instead of making his bed?
Answer:
The ancestor from 1910 wished to go to the riverside with his friends instead of making his bed.

Question e.
How many chores did the ancestor from 1800 have to do?
Answer:
The ancestor from 1800 had to do about six chores.

Question f.
How is the boy from 1500s dressed?
Answer:
The boy from 1500s is dressed in a loose, sleeveless, V-neck top and a short dhoti.

Question g.
What chores did the boys from the 1st century CE do on their farms/fields?
Answer:
In the 1st century CE, the boys would feed the poultry, tend to the sheep, keep away the birds and plaster the yard with dung.

Question h.
What did Neel realize from his encounter with his ancestors?
Answer:
From his encounter with his ancestors, Neel realized that at that time teenage boys had chores to do outdoors as well as in their homes. They also had to make their beds.

5. In the play two devices that make use of wheels are given.
The devices are 1. …………….., 2. ………………..
From the internet or other sources, trace the history of the use of the wheel. Write ‘An Autobiography of a Wheel’.

Question a
In the play, two devices that make use of wheels are given. The devices are:
Answer:
The devices are: 1. bicycle, 2. grinders

Question b.
From the internet and other sources, trace the history of the use of the wheel.
(Students can attempt this on their own.)

6. Imagine that the ancestor from 1910 CE visits Neel in his dream. Compose a dialogue between the two about the various gadgets the visitor sees in Neel’s room

Question 1.
Imagine that the ancestor from 1910 CE visits Neel in his dream. Compose a dialogue between the two about the various gadgets the visitor sees in Neel’s room
Answer:

• Neel: Hello! Who are you, Sir?
• Ancestor: I am your great-great-grandfather, Neel. I have heard a lot about your life, and I came to see you. Oh my! What are all these things here?
• Neel: All these things? What things, great, great Grandpa?
• Ancestor: This box here and that one there and this …
• Neel: Oh, this is my TV set and that is my laptop. Haven’t you ever seen these things? This is my mobile phone.
• Ancestor: TV? What is it? And phone – no, no, this is not a phone! Such a tiny thing!
  (Students can continue this conversation in this manner.)

7. Imagine and compare an argumentative dialogue between the mothers of the 2OthJ2lst century and those of the earlier era, about which life was better for women.

Question 1.
Imagine and compare an argumentative dialogue between the mothers of the 2OthJ2lst century and those of the earlier era, about which life was better for women.
Answer:

• 21st Century mother: There’s no question. Your life was certainly better, Rukmini.
• 19th Century mother: Better, Reena? You mean, bending over the old wood stove and the grinding stone was better?
• 21st Century mother: That may have been difficult, Rukmini, but otherwise your life was peaceful. You only had to look after the home and family. While today, we …
• 19th Century mother: ‘Only look after home and family’? That was a full-time job! There were no short cuts like takeaways and ready-made stuff! And what about freedom? The freedom you have!
• 21st Century mother: Freedom with chains! I have to work hard both at home and in the office. I have to be a ‘supermom’ and ‘superboss’! Do you know how terrible it is?
  (Students can continue the dialogue in this manner.)

8. Read the entry about ‘voice’ in the ‘Language Study’ pages. Note that the speeches of all the boys are in the ‘active’ voice. Turn them into passive constructions.
Example:
Neel – I put the dishes in the dishwasher. (active)
Dishes have been put in the dishwasher. (passive)
195 Boy – I have watered the garden
………………………………………..
brought home the groceries
………………………………………..
dusted the living room
………………………………………..
cleaned my bicycle…

9. Think of suitable names for the boys from the earlier centuries.

Question 1.
Think of suitable names for the boys from the earlier centuries.
Answer:
(Some examples: Vitthal, Namdeo, Manu, etc.)

10. Form groups of 5-8. Translate the play into your mother tongue (or Hindi) as a group activity. Enact the translation in the classroom.

11. Read ‘The Story of the Amulet’ by E. Nesbit.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 2.6 The Past in the Present Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passages carefully and complete the activities:

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
Answer:

1. Neel puts the dishes in the dishwasher.
2. Neel had cleaned his room two days earlier.
3. Neel forgets to make his bed.
4. Neel’s mother remembers something about his Grandpa.

Question 2.
Write if the following sentences are True or False:
Answer:

1. The 1910s boy was wearing loose trousers and a shirt. False
2. The 1910s boy did many outdoor chores. True
3. The 1800s boy was rude to his mother. False
4. The 1800s boy wanted to play Ashtapada with his friends. False

Question 3.
Name the following:
Answer:

1. The game the 3000 BCE boy wishes to play: Chaupar
2. The yard is plastered with this: dung
3. The game the 100 CE boy wishes to play: Bagh-chal
4. Pots for cooking are made of this: mud

Question 4.
Complete the web :
(The answers are directly underlined.)
Answer:

Activity-based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Write the antonyms of the following:

1. necessary
2. forgot
3. late
4. tougher

Answer:

1. necessary × unnecessary
2. forgot × remembered
3. late × early
4. tougher × easier.

Question 2.
Match the given verbs with the nouns:

A	B
1. fetched	(a) yard
2. cleared	(b) water
3. swept	(c) weeds
4. pulled out	(d) channels
	(e) walls

Answer:

A	B
1. fetched	(b) water
2. cleared	(d) channels
3. swept	(a) yard
4. pulled out	(c) weeds

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with the correct verbs from the brackets:
(fixed, washed, took, chopped)
The 1800s boy ……….. clothes, ………….. wood, ……….. the broken fence and ………….. the goats up to the hills to graze.
Answer:
The 1800s boy washed clothes, chopped wood, fixed the broken fence and took the goats up to the hills to graze.

Question 3.
Give the plurals of:

1. jewellery
2. wood
3. grandfather
4. terrace

Answer:

1. jewellery – jewellery
2. wood – wood
3. grandfather – grandfathers
4. terrace – terraces.

Question 4.
Give the noun forms of the following:

1. recede
2. enter
3. repeat
4. impossible

Answer:

1. recede – recession
2. enter – entry
3. repeat – repetition
4. impossible – impossibility

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice:

Question 1.
I have watered the garden.
Answer:
The garden has been watered.

Question 2.
I have brought home the groceries.
Answer:
The groceries have been brought home.

Question 3.
I have dusted the living room.
Answer:
The living room has been dusted.

Question 4.
I have cleaned my bicycle.
Answer:
The bicycle has been cleaned.

Question 5.
Mummy, I collected wood for the stove.
Answer:
Mummy, wood for the stove has been collected.

Question 6.
I fixed the broken fence.
Answer:
The broken fence has been fixed.

Question 7.
Rewrite the sentence in passive voice:
I fed the poultry.
Answer:
The poultry have been fed.

Question 8.
Rewrite using the modal auxiliary for permission:
I need your kind permission to go out and play Chaupar with my friends.
Answer:
May I go out and play Chaupar with my friends?

Rewrite the following sentences as assertive sentences:

Question 1.
Is it necessary to clean up every day?
Answer:
It is not necessary to clean up every day.

Question 2.
What difference does it make?
Answer:
It does not make any difference.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think you should make your bed every day?
Answer:
Yes. In a dusty and tropical country like ours, we have to see that the beds are clean and dust- free. It also feels better to lie down on a clean and fresh bed. So we must make the beds every day.

Question 2.
Do you do any chores in the house? What chores?
Answer:
I dust the furniture every day. I lay and clear the table before and after every meal. I fold clothes and keep them in the cupboard. These are my daily chores, besides keeping my own things like books, shoes, etc. in their proper places.

Question 3.
What do you do when you have to do a chore that you do not like?
Answer:
If I have to do a chore that I don’t like, I first try to see if I can avoid it in some way, like getting someone to do it for me. If it is not a very important chore, like making beds, I ignore it till my mother shouts at me. If it is an important chore that cannot be avoided, I hurry up and do it as fast as I can to get it over with.

Question 4.
Which life would you prefer: your life of today or the life of a teenager in 3000 BCE?
Answer:
I would certainly prefer my life of today. It is more interesting and I have more freedom. Life at any time without the computer, the TV and the mobile phone would have been terribly dull and boring. Oh, yes, life today is much better than it could have been in 3000 BCE.

Add question tags to the following statements:

Question 1.
That’s your daily work.
Answer:
That’s your daily work, isn’t it?

Question 2.
I also chopped the wood.
Answer:
I also chopped the wood, didn’t I?

Complex Factual Activity :

Question 1.
How is the boy from 1500s dressed?
Answer:
The boy from 1500s is dressed in a loose, sleeveless, V-neck top and a short dhoti.

Question 2.
What chores did the boys from 1000 CE do on their farms/fields?
Answer:
The boys from 1000 CE had to fetch water, clear blocked channels, water the crops and pull out the weeds.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice:
I have fetched vegetables from our farm.
Answer:
Vegetables have been fetched from our farm.

Question 2.
Rewrite the following sentence as an assertive sentence:
Don’t talk back.
Answer:
You should not talk back.

Question 3.
What chores did the boys from 1000 CE do on their farms/fields?
Answer:
The boys from 1000 CE had to fetch water, clear blocked channels, water the crops and pull out the weeds.

Simple Activities:

Question 1.
Write two compound words from the lesson.
Answer:
dishwasher, grandfather

Question 2.
Make a meaningful sentence using the phrase: pulled out
Answer:
The slave pulled out the thorn from the lion’s paw.

Question 3.
Spot the error in the verb/verbs and correct the sentence:
I wish I had a robot to makes my bed and tidies up my room.
Answer:
I wish I had a robot to make my bed and tidy up my room.

Question 4.
Pick out the infinitive from the given sentence:
You forgot to make your bed.
Answer:
Infinitive – to make

Question 5.
Identity the type of sentence:
Ahhh! Yes! They didn’t have any electric grinders in those days!
Answer:
Exclamatory sentence.

Question 6.
Find out two hidden words from the word:
permission
Answer:
permission – mission, prism (prison, person)

Question 7.
Pick out the verb which forms its past participle with the last letter doubled.
collect, sleep, chop, tell
Answer:
chopped

Question 8.
Write the following words in alphabetical order:
triple, recede, revered, stacked
Answer:
recede, revered, stacked, triple

Medium-Level Activities:

Question 1.
You haven’t cleaned up your room.
(Change the voice starting ‘Your
Answer:
Your room hasn’t been cleaned up.

Question 2.
Use the word ‘right’ in two separate sentences, the word having different meanings (homographs):
Answer:
(a) What you have done is not right.
(b) “Turn to the right,” said the policeman.

Question 3.
I put the dishes in the dishwasher.
(Use the past tense of the verb.)
Answer:
I put the dishes in the dishwasher.

Question 4.
Prepare a word register for clothes.
Answer:
clothes – trousers, shirt, kurta, pyjama, saree, dhoti, kurta, tunic.

Challenging Activities:

Question 1.
Use the word ‘show’ in two separate sentences, once as a noun and once as a verb.
Answer:
(a) The last show ended at midnight, (noun)
(b) “Show me your ticket,” said the doorkeeper. (verb)

Question 2.
If you try you can make such a robot.
(Pick out the clauses.)
Answer:
you can make such a robot – Main Clause If you try – subordinate clause

Working Skills:

Question 1.
Write ‘An Autobiography of a Wheel’.
Answer:
An Autobiography of a Wheel
I am very, very proud of myself, for I am considered to be one of the most important of man’s inventions. Yes, I am the wheel.
It is said that my invention was the turning point in human civilization. Of course, no one knows exactly when I was invented and by whom. As soon as I was invented and perfected, there was a revolution in the manufacturing industry. I was used for everything and by everybody – right from the potter to the assembly line of super-luxury cars. Yes, and planes and helicopters too. I am even used to go into space.

I help human beings and animals to pull things. I make work easy for them. The principle on which I work is the basic principle in many mechanical devices. Many of the things that were invented along with me have been forgotten, but I am accepted and still in demand today, in some form or the other. If I was not there, there would have been no cars, buses, trains or aeroplanes. Or even bullock carts. I know I sound proud, but that is not so. It is only that I know my own worth, and that I will be around as long as the wheel of time turns!

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Solutions Hindi Lokvani Chapter 3 सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Lokvani Solutions Chapter 3 सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Digest Chapter 3 सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द Textbook Questions and Answers

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

(१) असत्य विधान को सत्य करके लिखिए:

(क) लेखक को सुपरफास्ट ट्रेन के बजाय एक्सप्रेस से यात्रा करना ज्यादा पसंद नहीं है।
Answer:
लेखक को सुपरफास्ट ट्रेन के बजाय एक्सप्रेस से यात्रा करना ज्यादा पसंद है।

(ख) लेखक को पेटदर्द हो रहा था।
Answer:
लेखक को सिरदर्द हो रहा था।

(ग) लेखक को भागते वक्षों का साथ निभाने में कम मजा आता था।
Answer:
लेखक को भागते वृक्षों का साथ निभाने में बड़ा मजा आता था।

(घ) सभी सिरवालों को सिरदर्द होना अस्वाभाविक है ।
Answer:
सबको सिरदर्द होना स्वाभाविक है।

(२) उत्तर लिखिए:

Answer:

(३) पाठ में प्रयुक्त रेल विभाग से संबंधित शब्दों की सूची बनाइए:
Answer:

1. शटिंग
2. एट अप
3. सेवन डाइन
4. आउटर
5. मेल
6. बड़ी लाइन
7. छोटी लाइन
8. सिग्नल
9. स्टेशन मास्टर

(४) कारण लिखिए:

Question 1.
कभी कभी ‘मेल’ को रोककर ‘माल’ को पास करना पड़ता है।
Answer:
क्योंकि मालगाड़ी में भरे माल के बिगड़ने का डर रहता है; जबकि मेल में बैठा आदमी बिगड़ता नहीं।

Question 2.
लेखक को सिरदर्द की गोली लेनी पड़ी।
Answer:
क्योंकि लेखक थककर चूर हो गए थे।

(५) दिए गए शब्दों से तद्धित तथा कृदंत शब्द बनाइए:

Answer:

अभिव्यक्ति

‘मेक इन इंडिया’ नीति पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
‘मेक इन इंडिया’ यह नीति भारत सरकार द्वारा बनाई गई है। देशी और विदेशी कंपनियों द्वारा भारत में वस्तुओं का निर्माण हो इस उद्देश्य को ध्यान में रखते हुए इस नीति की शुरूआत हुई है। भारत में औद्योगिक विकास को बढ़ावा देने के लिए इस योजना का शुभारंभ हुआ है। इसका उद्घाटन भारत के वर्तमान प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी जी द्वारा हुआ। हर वस्तु ‘भारत में बनाओ’ सभी को रोजगार उपलब्ध हो एवं भारत की अर्थव्यवस्था मजबूत हो, इस ध्येय को सामने रखकर यह नीति कार्यान्वित हुई। इस नीति की शुरुआत होने के बाद अगले साल भारत में विदेशी निवेश में उछाल देखने को मिला। भारत देश का विकास हो और वह विकसित देशों की सूची में आए. इन बातों को ध्यान में रखते हुए इस अभियान की शुरुआत हुई।

भाषा बिंदु

(१) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों के काल पहचानकर कोष्ठक में लिखिए:

Question 1.
उनकी वेशभूषा की ग्रामीणता तो और भी दृष्टि को उलझा लेती थी।
Answer:
अपूर्ण भूतकाल

Question 2.
किसी दूसरे माँगने वालों की ओर इस तरह शान से बढ़ा देंगे।
Answer:
सामान्य भविष्यकाल

Question 3.
कहाँ तक चल रहे हैं?
Answer:
अपूर्ण वर्तमानकाल

Question 4.
लोगों के बिल बनाते-बनाते अपना भी वेतन निकल आता है।
Answer:
सामान्य वर्तमानकाल

Question 5.
कल क्या खाया था?
Answer:
पूर्ण भूतकाल

Question 6.
बासी पूरी-कचौड़ी को उबलती कड़ाही में डालकर ताजा के नाम पर बेचते थे।
Answer:
अपूर्ण भूतकाल

Question 7.
तभी तीर की तरह शब्द उछलेगा।
Answer:
सामान्य भविष्यकाल

(२) सूचना के अनुसार काल परिवर्तन कीजिए:

Question 1.
किसी प्राकृतिक मनोरम दृश्य को देखना चाहता हूँ। (अपूर्ण भूतकाल)
Answer:
किसी प्राकृतिक मनोरम दृश्य को देखना चाह रहा था।

Question 2.
एक-दूसरे से जुदा होकर पूरे डिब्बे के चक्कर काटने लगेंगे। (सामान्य वर्तमानकाल)
Answer:
एक-दूसरे से जुदा होकर पूरे डिब्बे के चक्कर काटने लगते हैं।

Question 3.
मुझे अभिवादन का ध्यान आया। (पूर्ण भूतकाल)
Answer:
मुझे अभिवादन का ध्यान आया था।

Question 4.
मानो वे किसी हड़बड़ी में चलते-चलते कपड़े पहनकर आए हैं। (सामान्य भूतकाल)
Answer:
मानो वे किसी हड़बड़ी में चलते-चलते कपड़े पहनकर आए।

Question 5.
पानी अब निर्मल नहीं रहा है। (सामान्य भविष्यकाल)
Answer:
पानी अब निर्मल नहीं रहेगा।

Question 6.
मुझे देखते ही चाय हाजिर कर देती है। (पूर्ण वर्तमानकाल)
Answer:
मुझे देखते ही चाय हाजिर कर दी है।

Question 7.
वह तुम्हें हमेशा बुरा-भला ही कहती है। (अपूर्ण वर्तमानकाल)
Answer:
वह तुम्हें हमेशा बुरा-भला ही कह रही है।

उपयोजित लेखन

निम्नलिखित जानकारी के आधार पर विज्ञापन तैयार कीजिए:

Answer:

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Textbook Solutions Chapter 3 सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति अ (१): आकलन कृति

कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

गद्यांश पढ़कर ऐसे प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिनके उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हों

Question 1.
सौंदर्य
Answer:
कभी-कभी लेखक की दृष्टि नदी के किनारे क्या निहारना चाहती है?

Question 2.
रेल
Answer:
लेखक किससे यात्रा करते हैं?

कृति अ (२): शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के अर्थ लिखिए।

1. यात्रा
2. नदी
3. सौंदर्य
4. डाली

Answer:

1. सफर
2. सरिता
3. सुंदरता
4. टहनी

अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
प्रकृति से संबंधित –
Answer:
प्राकृतिक

Question 2.
मन को लुभाने वाला –
Answer:
मनोरम

Question 3.
गद्यांश में प्रयुक्त विलोम शब्द की जोड़ी ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:
सूर्योदय – सूर्यास्त

Question 4.
गद्यांश में से विदेशी शब्द ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:
रेल

दिए गए निर्देश के अनुसार परिवर्तन कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

नीचे दिए हुए शब्द में उचित प्रत्यय लगाइए।

Question 1.
अंतरंग
Answer:
अंतरंगता

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के समोच्चारित भिन्नार्थक शब्द लिखिए।

1. साथ
2. गिर

Answer:

1. सात
2. घिर

कृति अ (३): अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
अपनी किसी रेलयात्रा का अनुभव अपने शब्दों में व्यक्त कीजिए।
Answer:
जी हाँ, मैंने रेल से कई बार यात्रा की है। गर्मियों की छुट्टियों का आनंद लूटने के लिए मैं अपने मामा जी के गाँव जोधपुर गया था। मैं अपनी माता जी के साथ मुंबई से निकला था। जब हम मुंबई रेल स्थानक पर पहुँचे, उस वक्त रेल्वे प्लेटफार्म पर काफी भीड़ थी। सब लोग इधर-उधर भाग-दौड़ कर रहे थे। प्लेटफार्म पर कई दुकानें थीं। हमने रास्ते में पढ़ने के लिए कुछ पत्रिकाएँ खरीद लीं। थोड़ी देर बाद जोधपुर जाने वाली रेल आ गई और हम उसमें बैठ गए।

बीस मिनट के बाद रेल चल पड़ी। जैसे ही हम मुंबई से बाहर आए; वैसे ही दूर-दूर तक फैले हुए खेत और पर्वत देखकर हम आनंदविभोर हो गए। थोड़ी देर बाद घाटियाँ आई। रेल घाटियों से बहुत ही धीमी गति से जा रही थी। सर्वत्र शीतल हवा बह रही थी। वातावरण बड़ा ही खुशनुमा था। प्राकृतिक दृश्यों का मनोहारी रूप देखकर मेरा मन प्रफुल्लित हो गया। करीब चौदह घंटे रेल में बीताने के बाद हम जोधपुर पहुँच गए।

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति आ (१): आकलन कृति

समझकर लिखिए।

Answer:

उचित विकल्प चुनकर वाक्य पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.
लेखक को मन मारकर सुरंग की पतली लकीर में से निकलने को बाध्य होना पड़ता है क्योंकि ……..
(अ) लेखक जिस बस से यात्रा कर रहे हैं; वह किसी जंगल में प्रवेश कर जाती है।
(आ) लेखक जिस रेल से यात्रा कर रहे है; वह किसी गुफा में प्रवेश कर जाती है।
(इ) लेखक जिस कार से यात्रा कर रहे है; वह किसी गुफा में प्रवेश कर जाती है।
Answer:
लेखक जिस रेल से यात्रा कर रहे है; वह किसी गुफा में प्रवेश कर जाती है।

कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

कृति आ (२): शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची लिखिए।

1. गुफा
2. नाज

Answer:

1. कंदरा
2. गर्व

अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
जिसका अंत नहीं वह
Answer:
अनंत

Question 2.
जमीन के अंदर बना रास्ता
Answer:
सुरंग

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. धीमी x ……
2. पसंद x …..
3. उपेक्षा x …….

Answer:

1. धीमी x तेज
2. पसंद x नापसंद
3. उपेक्षा x अपेक्षा

नीचे दिए हुए शब्द के अनेकार्थी शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
उपेक्षा
Answer:
उदासीनता, तिरस्कार

वचन बदलिए।

1. पत्नी
2. साथी

Answer:

1. पत्नियाँ
2. साथी

लिंग बदलिए।

1. साथी
2. आदमी

Answer:

1. साथिन
2. औरत

कृति आ (३): स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
यात्रा के समय सहयात्री से बात करते समय आप क्या अनुभव करते हैं? अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
मैंने कई बार रेल व बस से यात्रा की है। यात्रा के दरम्यान कई लोगों से पहचान हो जाती है। यात्रा करते समय हम अपने अनुभवों को उनके साथ बाँटते हैं। उनके साथ घुल-मिलकर बातें करते हैं। मुझे यात्रा करते समय ऐसे कई लोग मिलें जिनके साथ मैंने अपने अनुभवों को बाँटा । जब मैं जबलपुर जा रहा था तब मुझे अधेड़ उम्र के सहयात्री रेल में मिले थे। वे बिल्कुल हमारी सामने वाली सीट पर बैठे थे।

वास्तव में वे एक प्रसिद्ध कवि थे। यात्रा के दरम्यान उन्होंने मुझे अपनी कविताओं से परिचित करवाया। उन्होंने हिंदी साहित्य के प्रति मेरी रूचि जगाई और मुझे पढ़ने के लिए प्रेरित किया। पाँच-छ: घंटे की उस आपसी वार्तालाप ने मेरे हृदय में पढ़ने की इच्छा का संचार किया। इस कारण मैं आज भी उन्हें मन ही मन याद करता हूँ।

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति इ (१): आकलन कृति

गद्यांश पढ़कर ऐसे प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिनके उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हों –

Question 1.
दुनिया
Answer:
रेल की खिड़की से क्या देखने में मजा आता है?

Question 2.
यात्री
Answer:
रेल में सामने की सीट पर कौन बैठा होता है?

प्रवाह तालिका पूर्ण कीजिए।

Answer:

उतर लिखिए।

Answer:

कृति इ (२): शब्द संपदा

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढकर लिखिए।
उतर:
देखत-देखते
एक-दूसरे
अभी-अभी

Question 2.
परिच्छेद में प्रयुक्त श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक शब्द ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
उतर:
उतर: उतर
कोई: कई
संपत्ति: संप्रति

वचन बदलिए।

1. डिब्बे
2. पन्ना

Answer:

1. डिब्बा
2. पन्ने

कृति इ (३): स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
‘समाचारपत्र की आवश्यकता’ विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
समाचारपत्र जीवन की आवश्यकता है। समाचारपत्र वैचारिक रूप से बहुत ही प्रभावशाली व शक्तिशाली होते हैं। समाचारपत्र हमें धर्म, समाज, खेल, रोजगार, अर्थव्यवस्था, फिल्म, उद्योग, नीति आदि के बारे में जानकारी देते हैं। यह हमें देश-विदेश के खबरों की जानकारी देते हैं। यह बच्चों के लिए भी उपयोगी है। बच्चों का मनोरंजन करने के साथ उन्हें कई प्रकार की रोचक जानकारी भी देता है।

इससे बच्चों के वाचन कौशल का विकास होता है। समाचारपत्र में तरहतरह के विज्ञापन प्रकाशित होते हैं। कोई भी सरकारी योजना हो; वह समाचारपत्र के द्वारा ही प्रकाशित होती है। व्यापार को समाचारपत्रों से ही प्रोत्साहन मिलता है। समाचारपत्र एक व्यक्ति, समाज व राष्ट्र को एकसूत्र में बाँधकर रखने का महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य करते हैं।

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति ई (१): आकलन कृति

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.
लेखक हबीबगंज उतरना चाहते हैं क्योंकि –
Answer:
वहाँ से तुलसीनगर पास पड़ता है।

निम्नलिखित गलत विधान सही करके लिखिए।

Question 1.
लेखक को भोपाल में स्थित अरोरा कॉलोनी जाना है।
Answer:
लेखक को भोपाल में स्थित तुलसीनगर जाना है।

Question 2.
हबीबगंज से तुलसीनगर जाने समय टेंपो मिल जाता है।
Answer:
हबीबगंज से तुलसीनगर जाते समय ऑटो मिल जाता है।

कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

कृति घ (२): शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित वाक्य में विराम चिह्नों का उचित प्रयोग कीजिए।

Question 1.
लेखक ने कहा टाइम बदल गया
Answer:
लेखक ने कहा, “टाइम बदल गया।”

दिए गए निर्देशानुसार परिवर्तन कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।

1. बनाते
2. पाँच

Answer:

1. बनते
2. सात

पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. गनीमत
2. निश्चल

Answer:

1. बड़ी बात
2. स्थिर

कृति ई (३): स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
सहयात्री का बातूनी व्यवहार आपके लिए परेशानी का सबब बनें तब आप क्या करेंगे? अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
रेल या बस से यात्रा करते समय आपके पास कौन आकर बैठने वाला है, इसके बारे में आप को कुछ भी पता नहीं होता है। न आप उसके नाम से परिचित होते हैं और न उसके स्वभाव के बारे में आपको कुछ पता होता है। सहयात्री की कुछ आदतें हमारे लिए परेशानी का कारण बन सकती हैं। जैसे कि वह अपनी आदत के अनुसार ढेर सारे प्रश्न पूछकर आपको परेशान कर सकता है।

ऐसे में आप संयमपूर्वक अपने आप को नियंत्रण में रख सकते हैं। उसके द्वारा बार-बार पूछे गए प्रश्नों का हमें सिर्फ ‘हाँ’ या ‘नहीं’ में ही जबाव देना चाहिए। यदि हम उसके साथ विस्तार से बातें करेंगे, तो वह हमारे सफर का मजा किरकिरा कर सकता है। यदि हमें उसके द्वारा पूछा गया प्रश्न अच्छा नहीं लगा, तो ऐसे में चुप्पी साधकर बैठने में ही भलाई है।

सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखिए।

Question 1.
सारे रास्ते गाड़ियों के शटिंग की आवाज सुनाई देगी –
(अ) अगर ट्रेन में सहयात्री का साथ हो जाए।
(आ) अगर ट्रेन में रेलवे कर्मचारी का साथ हो जाए।
(इ) अगर ट्रेन में सिरफिरे व्यक्ति का साथ हो जाए।
Answer:
सारे रास्ते गाड़ियों के शटिंग की आवाज सुनाई देगी अगर ट्रेन में रेलवे कर्मचारी का साथ हो जाए।

कृति उ (२): शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. अंदेशा
2. शिकायत

Answer:

1. शंका या संदेह
2. उलाहना

नीचे दिए हुए शब्द के अनेक अर्थ लिखिए।

Question 1.
मेल
Answer:
यात्रियों को लेकर जाने वाली रेल, संगणक के जरिए अन्य लोगों को भेजा जाने वाला संदेश, मिलाप।

Question 2.
गद्यांश में से विदेशी शब्द ढूँढकर लिखिए।
Answer:

1. स्टेशन मास्टर
2. शटिंग
3. एट अप
4. सेवन डाउन
5. मेल
6. रेलवे
7. लाइन
8. सिग्नल

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. डर x …….
2. पास x …..

Answer:

1. डर x साहस
2. पास x दूर

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से विलोम शब्दों की जोड़ियाँ ढूँढकर लिखिए।
Answer:
अप x डाउन.
छोटी x बड़ी

Question 2.
गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:
कैसे – कैसे
पूछते – पूछते

कृति उ (३): स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
रेल गाड़ियों के आगमन एवं प्रस्थान संबंधी ‘पूछताछ विभाग’ एक महत्त्वपूर्ण विभाग होता है। – क्या आप इस कथन से सहमत हैं? अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
जी हाँ, मैं इस कथन से सहमत हूँ। इस विभाग के जरिए यात्री गाड़ियों के परिचालन संबंधित जानकारी प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। इस विभाग के तहत यात्री मोबाइल टिकट सेवा, कोच का पंजीकरण, आरक्षित गाड़ी, अनुसूची, रेलवे की उपलब्धता, किराया पूछताछ आदि जानकारी आसानी से प्राप्त कर सकता है। कभी-कभी निश्चित समय पर स्टेशन पर गाड़ी नहीं आती या कभी-कभी गाड़ी किसी कारणवश रद्द हो जाती है।

ऐसी स्थिति में पूछताछ विभाग के कर्मचारियों के द्वारा सूचना या जानकारी प्राप्त करके यात्री चैन की साँस ले सकते हैं। पूछताछ विभाग भी प्रत्येक यात्री के प्रश्न का उत्तर देकर यात्रियों को संतुष्टी प्रदान करता हैं। प्रश्न ६ (ए) निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति ए (१): आकलन कृति

गोश पढ़कर ऐसे प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिनके उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हों

Question 1.
सहयात्री
Answer:
लेखक से आरक्षण के बारे ने किसने पूछा?

Question 2.
जनता
Answer:
भारतीय रेल किसकी संपत्ति है?

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

कृति कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

कृति ए (२): शब्द संपदा

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढकर लिखिए।
Answer:
अपने – अपने
इशारे – इशारे

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. आरक्षण x …….
2. सुरक्षित x ……..
3. आगे x ………
4. प्रवेश x …….

Answer:

1. आरक्षण x अनारक्षण
2. सुरक्षित x असुरक्षित
3. आगे x पीछे
4. प्रवेश x निकास

वचन बदलिए।

1. बत्तियाँ
2. गोली

Answer:

1. बत्ती
2. गोलियाँ

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. साँझ
2. अजीब

Answer:

1. शाम
2. अनोखा

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में उचित विरामचिह्न का प्रयोग कीजिए

Question 1.
रेल कंडक्टर ने कहा जब टिकिट है तो देखना क्या
Answer:
रेल कंडक्टर ने कहा, “जब टिकिट है तो देखना क्या?”

कृति ए (३): स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
‘आजकल बिना आरक्षण के यात्रा करना सिरदर्द मोल लेना है।’ विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
आज का युग आपाधापी का युग है। इस युग में जनसंख्या में लगातार वृद्धि हो रही है। लोग व्यापार एवं अन्य कार्य के लिए चारों ओर आते-जाते रहते हैं। इस कारण यातायात के सभी साधन हमेशा भीड़ से भरे होते हैं। रेल में तो चौंटी को भी पैर रखने के लिए जगह नहीं होती है। ऐसे में यदि हमें कभी शहर के बाहर यानी गाँव या पिकनिक मनाने के लिए परिवार के साथ जाना है तो हमें पहले से ही आरक्षण करवाना चाहिए।

इससे हमारा सफर सुरक्षित एवं सुखद होता है। आरक्षण होने से हमें रेल में आराम से सीट मिल जाती है। हमें किसी भी प्रकार की कठिनाई का सामना नहीं करना पड़ता है। इसके विपरीत जो लोग आरक्षण नहीं करते हैं उन्हें ढेर सारी कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पड़ता है। कभी-कभी ऐसा भी होता है कि रेल या बस न मिलने के कारण वापस घर लौटना पड़ता है। इसलिए बिना आरक्षण के यात्रा करना सिरदर्द मोल लेना है।

गद्यांश पढ़कर ऐसे प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिनके उत्तर निम्न शब्द हों –

Question 1.
सिरदर्द
Answer:
जिनके पेट में गैस होती है उन्हें क्या होता है?

Question 2.
रिएक्शन
Answer:
ऐसी-वैसी गोलियाँ खाने से क्या हो सकता हैं?

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

कृति ऐ (२):शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित वाक्य में विराम चिह्नों का उचित प्रयोग कीजिए।

Question 1.
लेखक ने कहा भाई साहब मैं सिर दर्द से नहीं हमसफर यात्रियों के दर्द ए सिर से परेशान हूँ
Answer:
लेखक ने कहा, “भाई साहब! मैं सिर दर्द से नहीं, हमसफर यात्रियों के दर्द-ए-सिर से परेशान हूँ।”

Question 2.
दिए गए गद्यांश में से विदेशी शब्द ढूंढकर लिखिए।
Answer:
रिएक्शन
गैस

निम्नलिखित शब्द में उचित उपसर्ग लगाकर नए शब्द तैयार कीजिए।

1. नाम
2. परिवार

Answer:

1. गुमनाम
2. सपरिवार

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से प्रत्यय युक्त शब्द ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:
ठेकेदार
परांठेवाला
स्वाभाविक
हमसफर

अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
पिता संबंधी
Answer:
पैतृक

Question 2.
किसी काम का ठेका लेने वाला
Answer:
ठेकेदार

Question 3.
गद्यांश में से विलोम शब्द की जोड़ी ढूँढकर लिखिए।
Answer:
ताजा x बासी

कृति ऐ (३): स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
‘यात्रा करते समय किसी से भी अनावश्यक बातें करना उचित है?’ अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
हमें अनावश्यक अथवा निरर्थक बातें कभी भी नहीं करनी चाहिए। व्यक्ति को सिर्फ अपने काम से काम रखते हुए मर्यादित बातें करनी चाहिए। जब हम यात्रा पर निकलते हैं तब रेल या बस में हमें कई सहयात्री मिल जाते हैं। हमें उनसे भी मर्यादित यानी आवश्यकता है तो ही बातें करनी चाहिए। संभव है, वे हमारी अनावश्यक बातें सुनकर ऊब सकते हैं या उन्हें हमारी बातें अच्छी न लगें। अनावश्यक बातें करने से दूसरों के सामने हमारी ही प्रतिमा दूषित होती है। अनावश्यक बातों को सुनकर सामने वाले व्यक्ति को सिरदर्द हो सकता है। इससे उसकी यात्रा का मजा किरकिरा भी हो सकता है।

सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द Summary in Hindi

सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द लेखक – परिचय

जीवन परिचय : रामनारायण उपाध्याय जी का जन्म २ मई, १९१८ में मध्य प्रदेश राज्य के कालमुखी खंडवा में हुआ था। भारत के स्वतंत्रतापूर्व से ही इन्होंने लघुकथाएँ लिखनी शुरू कर दी था। इनका साहित्य गाँधीवादी विचारधारा से बहुत प्रभावित रहा है। उपाध्याय जी एक प्रसिद्ध व्यंग्यकार भी थे। इन्होंने व्यंग्य, ललित निबंध, रिपोर्ताज, रूपक, संस्मरण आदि विधाओं में सरल सहज व प्रभावशाली शैली में लेखन किया है। हिंदी भाषा के साथ-साथ लोकभाषा तथा विभिन्न बोलियों के क्षेत्र में इन्होंने अपना महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया है।

प्रमुख कृतियाँ : ‘बख्शीनामा’, धुंधले काँच की दीवार’, ‘नाक का सवाल’, ‘मुस्कराती फाइलें’ (व्यंग्यसंग्रह), ‘मृग के छौने’ (निबंध संग्रह), ‘हम तो बाबुल तेरे बाग की चिड़ियाँ’ (लोकसाहित्य), ‘जिन्हें भूल न सका’ (संस्मरण) आदि।

सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द गद्य-परिचय

हास्य-व्यंग्य : हास्य-व्यंग्य निबंध साहित्य की एक नई विधा है। इसमें उपहास, मजाक व इसी क्रम में आलोचना का प्रभाव रहता है। इस

निबंध : विधा के माध्यम से गंभीर से गंभीर विषयों पर हल्के-फुल्के ढंग से हास्य द्वारा पाठकों को सोचने पर विवश किया जाता है।

प्रस्तावना : ‘सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द’ इस हास्य व्यंग्यपरक निबंध में लेखक रामनारायण उपाध्याय जी ने रेलयात्रा करते समय यात्रा में आने वाली दिक्कतों से परिचित करवाया है। लेखक का कहना है कि हमें यात्रा करते समय दूसरे यात्रियों से अखबार जैसी कुछ भी चीजें नहीं माँगनी चाहिए और साथ ही हमें अनावश्यक बातें करने से बाज आना चाहिए।

सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द सारांश

यह एक हास्य-व्यंग्य निबंध है। इस निबंध में लेखक ने माँगकर अखबार पढ़नेवालों, अनावश्यक बातें करने वालों एवं बिन माँगे सलाह देने वालों पर करारा व्यंग्य किया है। लेखक को अकेले यात्रा करने में आनंद आता है। उनके अनुसार किसी के साथ यात्रा करना यानी यात्रा का मजा किरकिरा होने जैसा है। रेल से यात्रा करते समय खिड़की से बाहर झाँककर प्राकृतिक मनोरम दृश्यों को देखना, सूर्योदय व सूर्यास्त देखना लेखक को अच्छा लगता है। लेखक को सुपरफास्ट रेल की बजाय एक्सप्रेस से यात्रा करने में आनंद आता है; क्योंकि वह दूर से स्टेशन देखकर अपनी चाल धीमी कर देती है।

रेल में बैठे अन्य सहयात्रियों से लेखक परेशान हो जाता है। अन्य यात्री लेखक का अखबार माँगते हैं और वे लेखक से तरह-तरह की अनावश्यक बातें करना शुरू कर देते हैं। इनसे लेखक तंग आ जाता है और वह सिरदर्द की एक गोली खाकर लेटना चाहता है। लेखक के साथ सफर करने वाला एक सहयात्री लेखक को गोली खाते हुए देख लेता है और वह लेखक से ढेर सारे सवाल करना शुरू कर देता है, जिससे लेखक ऊब जाता है और वह सीधा-सा जवाब देते हुए कहता है कि जब वह घर से निकला था, तब भला-चंगा था लेकिन जब सहयात्रियों ने उनका सिर खाना शुरू कर दिया तबसे उनका सिरदर्द बढ़ गया। अंत में वह अपने परेशान होने का कारण बताते हुए कहते हैं कि “मैं सिर दर्द से नहीं हमसफर यात्रियों के दर्द-ए-सिर से परेशान हूँ।”

सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द शब्दार्द्ध

• यात्रा – सफर
• नदी – सरिता
• सौंदर्य – सुंदरता
• डाली – टहनी
• नाज – गर्व
• निश्चल – स्थिर
• कंकरी – छोटा कंकड़
• अंदेशा – आशंका
• सुरंग – जमीन खोदकर उसके नीचे बनाया गया मार्ग
• हिकारत – घृणा, नफरत
• इबारत – लिखा हुआ, अक्षर विन्यास
• बजा – उचित, ठीक
• निरंतर – हमेशा
• उच्चाकाश – ऊँचा आकाश
• एकटक, निहारना – बिना फलक झपकाए देखना

सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द मुहावरे

• नाक-भौं सिकोड़ना – अप्रसन्नता, घृणा प्रकट करना।
• चौपट हो जाना – नष्ट होना, बरबाद होना।
• मन मारना – इच्छा को दबाना।
• चक्कर काटना – गोलाकार घूमना, फेरे लगाना।
• बिना सिर-पैर की बात करना – निराधार बात करना, व्यर्थ की बात करना।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 5 खेती से आई तब्‍दीलियाँ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Hindi Solutions Chapter 5 खेती से आई तब्‍दीलियाँ

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 8 Solutions Chapter 5 खेती से आई तब्‍दीलियाँ Textbook Questions and Answers

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ करो

प्रवाह तालिका पूर्ण करो:

Question 1.

Answer:

उचित जानकारी लिखो:

Question 1.

Answer:

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
मनुष्य को रोज शिकार खेलना पड़ता है।
Answer:
क्योंकि उसे स्वयं का गुजर बसर करना था।

Question 2.
अनाज सुरक्षित रखना प्रारंभ हुआ।
Answer:
जमीन में बहुत सारा अनाज पैदा होता था। इसे एकदम खाया नहीं जा सकता था।

Question 3.
मनुष्य को रोज शिकार खेलना पड़ता।
Answer:
स्वयं का पेट भरने के लिए उसे रोज शिकार खेलना पड़ता।

Question 4.
दुनिया में गरीब आदमी हैं।
Answer:
क्योंकि जो आज बिलकुल काम नहीं करता है; उसके पास बहुत सारा धन आ जाता है और जो दिन-रात पसीना बहाता है वह खाली हाथ रहता है। इस बुरे इंतजाम के कारण दुनिया में गरीब आदमी है।

Question 5.
लोग बैंक में रुपए रखते हैं।
Answer:
क्योंकि उनके पास अतिरिक्त रुपए होते हैं।

कृति पूर्ण करो:

उस जमाने में उसे अमीर कहा जाता था जिसके पास ……….. थे

Question 1.

Answer:

भाषाबिंदु

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में उचित विराम चिह्नों का प्रयोग कीजिए।

Question 1.
बड़े दुखी लग रहे हो क्या हुआ
Answer:
बड़े दुखी लग रहे हो, क्या हुआ?

Question 2.
अरे रामू के बापू घोड़े बेचकर सो रहे हो
Answer:
अरे, रामू के बापू, घोड़े बेचकर सो रहे हो?

Question 3.
तुम्हारे दाने कहाँ है
Answer:
तुम्हारे दाने कहाँ है?

उपयोजित लेखन

‘तबांकू सेवन के दुष्परिणाम’ विषय पर लगभग सौ शब्दों में निबंध लिखिए।
Answer:
तंबाकू सेवन सेहत के लिए हानिकारक होता है। तंबाकू में एक प्रकार का रासायनिक द्रव्य मिलाया जाता है जो शरीर नुकसान पहुँचाता है। तंबाकू में टार, निकोटीन व कार्बनमोनोक्साइड आदि पदार्थों को मिलाया जाता है। ये सारे पदार्थ मनुष्य के शरीर के लिए हानिकारक होते हैं। धीरे-धीरे उसका असर दिखाई देने लगता है। सबसे पहले वह मुँह को प्रभावित करता है और उसके बाद संपूर्ण शरीर को प्रभावित करना शुरू कर देता है। जो व्यक्ति तंबाकू का सेवन अधिक मात्रा में करते हैं उन्हें बाल झड़ने की समस्या से भी गुजरना पड़ता है।

तंबाकू का अति सेवन करने से मनुष्य को कैंसर जैसी बीमारियाँ होती हैं जिनका इलाज आज भी विज्ञान के लिए मुश्किल है। अत: बहुत सारे लोगों की तंबाकू को सेवन करने से मृत्यु हो रही है। कई लोग तंबाकू की लत के कारण यदि उन्हें समय पर खाने के लिए मिलता तो चिंतित एवं बेचैन हो जाते हैं। कई लोग तंबाकू का सेवन करना छोड़ना चाहते हैं और वे प्रयास भी करत हैं। लेकिन फिर भी वे अपनी इस आदत को छोड़ नहीं पाते हैं। तंबाकू का सेवन करने से व्यक्ति को हृदय संबंधी समस्याओं का भी सामना करना पड़ता हैं। तंबाकू का सेवन करने से मनुष्य को त्वचा संबंधी बीमारियाँ एवं नाखून झड़ने की समस्याओं का सामना करना पड़ता है। तंबाकू का सेवन मनुष्य के लिए जानलेवा और खतरनाक है। अतः मनुष्य को तंबाकू का सेवन कतई नहीं करना चाहिए।

शब्द समूह के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
जानवरों को चराने की जगह
Answer:
चरागाह

Question 2.
जिनके पास बहुत से अतिरिक्त रुपए हैं।
Answer:

1. धनवान
2. मालदार

स्वयं अध्ययन

पारंपरिक तथा आधुनिक कृषि प्रौद्योगिकी का तुलनात्मक चार्ट बनाओ।

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 8 Solutions Chapter 5 खेती से आई तब्‍दीलियाँ Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।
कृति क (१) आकलन कृति

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

गद्यांश के आधार पर वाक्य पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.
तब काम बँटे हुए नहीं थे……
Answer:
जब शुरू में आदमी शिकार पर गुजर-बसर करता था।

Question 2.
जैसे-जैसे दिन गुजरने लगे……..
Answer:
वैसे-वैसे आदमियों ने नए नए पेशे सीखें और उनमें पक्के हो गए।

कृति क (२) आकलन कृति

उपर्युक्त गद्यांश से ऐसे दो प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिनके उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हों –

Question 1.
औरत
Answer:
बच्चे और पालतू जानवरों की निगरानी कौन करता था?

Question 2.
काम
Answer:
कई हिस्सों में क्या बँट गए?

कृति क (३) शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित शब्द के तत्सम रूप लिखिए।

Question 1.
काम
Answer:
कार्य

निम्नलिखित शब्द मानक वर्तनी के अनुसार लिखिए।

Question 1.
नये-नये
Answer:
नए-नए

वचन बदलिए।

1. बातें
2. बेटी

Answer:

1. बात
2. बेटियाँ

नीचे दिए हुए शब्दों के पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. हल
2. मुश्किल

Answer:

1. समाधान
2. कठिन

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से लिंग शब्द की जोड़ी ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:
आदमी – औरत

कृति क (४) स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
आदिम अवस्था में मनुष्य किस प्रकार अपना गुजर-बसर करता था? इस बारे में जानकारी के आधार पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
आदिम अवस्था में मानवीय सभ्यता का विकास नहीं हुआ था। उस अवस्था में मनुष्य के पास घर ही क्या साधारण-सी कुटिया भी नहीं थी। मानव जंगल में उपलब्ध कंदमूल खाया करता था और वहीं पर किसी एक पेड़ के नीचे सो जाया करता था। उसके पास शिकार के अतिरिक्त किसी भी प्रकार का काम नहीं होता था। अत: वह पूरा दिन शिकार की खोज में घूमा करता था। शिकार करने के शस्त्रों के अलावा मनुष्य के पास अन्य कोई साधन नहीं होते थे। उसके पास तन ढंकने के लिए कपड़े भी नहीं थे। वह पेड़ की पत्तियों से अपना शरीर ढंकते थे।

(ख) निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।
कृति ख (१) आकलन कृति

तुलना कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
खेती के पहले लोग एक जगह नहीं ठहरते थे।
Answer:
क्योंकि शिकार हरेक जगह मिल जाता था। इसके अतिरिक्त गायों, बकरियों एवं दूसरे जानवरों की वजह से इधर-उधर घूमना पड़ता था।

कृति ख (२) आकलन कृति

एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखिए।

Question 1.
जानवरों को चरने के लिए इसकी जरूरत थी
Answer:
चरागाहों की .

Question 2.
खेती करना सीख जाने के बाद लोग इसके पास रहने लगे
Answer:
जमीन के

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. गाँव
2. अच्छा

Answer:

1. शहर
2. बुरा

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:

• इधर-उधर
• घूमते-फिरते
• जोत-बोकर

निम्नलिखित शब्दों में उचित प्रत्यय लगाइए।

1. शिकार
2. शहर

Answer:

1. शिकारी
2. शहरी

कृति ख (४) स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
‘खेती करने के कारण समाज की निर्मिती हुई’ कथन के संदर्भ में अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
खेती करने के पहले व्यक्ति इधर-उधर घूमता फिरता था। शिकार करके स्वयं का पेट पालता था। जैसे ही उसने खेती करना शुरू कर दिया वैसे ही वह जमीन के पास रहने लगा। परे साल भर वह खेती के काम में व्यस्त होने लगा। उसके आसपास रहने वालों की संख्या में वृद्धि होने लगी। वह एक-दूसरे के साथ संबंध प्रस्थापित करने लगा। आहिस्ता-आहिस्ता गाँव व कस्बे तैयार होने लगे। इससे समाज का निर्माण होने लगा।

कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.
खेती करने से आदमी को हुआ यह लाभ
Answer:
आदमी की जिंदगी ज्यादा आराम से कटने लगी।

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

सही विकल्प चुनकर वाक्य फिर से लिखिए।

Question 1.
अतिरिक्त खाने की वह …………. कर देता था। (जमा, खर्च, बाँट)
Answer:
जमा

Question 2.
आदमी को अपना ……….. भरने के लिए शिकार करना पड़ता था। (घर, पेट, बस्ता )
Answer:
पेट

कृति ग (३) शब्द संपदा

पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. पैदा
2. शिकार
3. जमीन
4. शिकारी

Answer:

1. उपज
2. आखेट
3. भूमि
4. आखेटक

Question 1.
गद्यांश में ऐसे दो शब्द बूडकर लिखिए जिनके वचन परिवर्तित नहीं होते।
Answer:

• पेट
• शिकार

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. बेकसूर x ………..
2. ज्यादा x …….

Answer:

1. कसूरवार
2. कम

निम्नलिखित शब्दों से उपसर्ग को अलग कीजिए।

1. अतिरिक्त
2. सुरक्षित

Answer:

1. अति
2. सु

उचित प्रत्यय लगाइए।

1. बात
2. दिन

Answer:

1. ऊनी : बातूनी
2. इक : दैनिक

कृति ग (४) स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
‘धन और अनाज को हमें भविष्य के लिए संग्रह रखना चाहिए।’ अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
मनुष्य भले ही वर्तमान में जीवन व्यतीत करता है फिर भी उसे भविष्य के बारे में सोचना चाहिए। उसे भविष्य के लिए धन व अनाज जैसी चीजों का संग्रह करके रखना चाहिए। वर्तमान में हमारे पास यदि जरूरत से ज्यादा कुछ आता है तो हमें सब का सब खर्च नहीं करना चाहिए। हो सकता है कि भविष्य में हम पर कोई मुसीबत आ जाए और ऐसे में हमारे पास कुछ न होने से हमें यातनाओं का सामना करना पड़े। इसलिए व्यक्ति को दूर की सोच रखते हुए भविष्य के लिए धन या अनाज इकट्ठा करके रखना चाहिए।

निम्नलिखित गलत वाक्य सही करके फिर से लिखिए।

Question 1.
बैंक में बच्चे अनाज जमा करते हैं और चेक से निकाल भी सकते हैं।
Answer:
बैंक में लोग रूपए जमा करते हैं और चेक से निकाल भी सकते हैं।

Question 2.
जिनके पास अतिरिक्त रूपया होता है वही लोग अफसर होते हैं।
Answer:
जिनके पास अतिरिक्त रूपया होता है वही लोग मालदार होते हैं।

कृति घ (२) आकलन कृति

गद्यांश के आधार पर वाक्य पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.
वे लोग गरीब कहलाते हैं
उत्तर
जिनके पास रुपए या अनाज नहीं होता है।

Question 2.
उसे खाली हाथ रहना पड़ता है
Answer:
जो दिन-रात पसीना बहाता है।

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.
यह है बुरा इंतजाम
Answer:
आज जो आदमी काम नहीं करता है उसके पास बहुत सारा धन आ जाता है और जो दिन-रात पसीना बहाता है वह खाली हाथ रहता है।

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
दुनिया में गरीब आदमी हैं।
Answer:
क्योंकि जो आज बिलकुल काम नहीं करता है। उसके पास बहुत सारा धन आ जाता है और जो दिन-रात पसीना बहाता है वह खाली हाथ रहता है। इस बुरे इंतजाम के कारण दुनिया में
गरीब आदमी है।

Question 2.
लोग बैंक में रुपए रखते हैं।
Answer:
क्योंकि उनके पास अतिरिक्त रुपए होते हैं।

कृति घ (३) शब्द संपदा

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. ज्यादा x ……..
2. अमीर x ………

Answer:

1. कम
2. गरीब

समानार्थी शब्द लिखिए।

1. गरीब
2. पसीना

Answer:

1. दीन
2. स्वेद

निम्नलिखित अनेक शब्द के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
जिसके पास बहुत धन होता है।
Answer:
धनवान

Question 2.
जिनके पास बहुत से अतिरिक्त रुपए हैं।
Answer:
मालदार

Question 3.
गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:

• बहुत-सा
• आज-कल

लिंग बदलिए।

1. पिता
2. आदमी

Answer:

1. माता
2. औरत

Question 1.
‘आज अमीर अधिक अमीर होता जा रहा है और गरीब अधिक गरीब होता जा रहा है।’ पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
आज हम नए दौर में जीवन जी रहे हैं। इस नए युग में समाज में ढेर सारी समस्याएं हैं। उनमें से एक अत्यंत गंभीर समस्या है – महँगाई। आज वस्तुओं की कीमतें आसमान को छू रही हैं। कर्मचारी एवं मजदूर जैसे सामान्य वर्ग के लोग पैसों की कमी होने के कारण अपने परिवार की जरूरतों को पूरा करने में असमर्थ सिद्ध हो रहे हैं। इस कारण वे रुपयों को भविष्य के लिए संग्रह नहीं कर पा रहे हैं।

इस कारण उनकी आर्थिक स्थिति में सुधार नहीं हो रहा है। समाज में रहने वाला अमीर वर्ग बिना कुछ काम किए अधिक से अधिक अमीर होता जा रहा है। इसका प्रमुख कारण यह है कि वे गरीबों को उनके काम की बहुत ही कम मजदूरी दे रहे हैं। यही कारण है कि अमीर अधिक अमीर होता जा रहा है और गरीब अधिक गरीब। गरीबों पर होनेवाले शोषण को रोक कर ही हम एक स्वस्थ समाज की स्थापना कर सकते हैं।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 4.3 Intellectual Rubbish Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 4.3 Intellectual Rubbish

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 4.3 Intellectual Rubbish Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. How will you react in the following situations?

Question (a)
Your Science teacher tells you plants exposed to the sunlight grow faster than those always in the shade.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Points: change the location of your plants – disbelieve her, try some experiments, etc.

Question (b)
Your aunt tells you not to go for a job interview because it’s a no moon day, that very same day.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Points: you ignore her words – you listen to her words – you ask for proof etc.

Question (c)
Your friend argues with you that Mount Everest is not the highest peak in the world.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Points: you pity his ignorance – you believe him – you look up the internet to check, etc.

Question (d)
A stranger at your door claims to be a magician and promises your mother to turn all her silver jewellery into gold.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Points: you slam the door – you call the police – you try to trick him, you give the gold, etc.

2. What do you notice about the following pairs of words?

Question (a)
What do you notice about the following pairs of words?

1. act naturally
2. liquid gas
3. open secret
4. sound of silence
5. sweet sorrow
6. original copy
7. only choice
8. growing smaller

Answer:
They are all contrasting pairs of words used together. Such contrasting pairs of words that go together are called Oxymorons.

Now try to add a contradictory word (Oxymoron) to the following:

Question (a)
What a ……………… mess you’ve got us into!
Answer:
What a wonderful mess you’ve got us into!

Question (b)
It’s a …………… imitation of a diamond necklace.
Answer:
It’s a genuine imitation of a diamond necklace.

Question (c)
My trip to Matheran was a …………. holiday.
Answer:
My trip to Matheran was a working holiday.

Question (d)
With such heavy makeup, she looks ……………. ugly.
Answer:
With such heavy make-up, she looks pretty ugly.

Question (e)
A ……………. crowd gathered to see the magic show.
Answer:
A tiny crowd gathered to see the magic show.

Note:- Contrasting words that go together are examples of the language device called Oxymoron.

English Workshop:

1. The following expressions are a combination of a noun preceded by a describing word.
Replace the describing words with as many others as you can, that go with the underlined nouns.
eg. silly mistake, grave mistake, careless mistake, obvious mistake etc.

Question (a)
fatal mistake
Answer:
silly mistake, grave mistake, careless mistake, obvious mistake.

Question (b)
foreign customs
Answer:
established customs, local customs, traditional customs, age-old customs.

Question (c)
unappetizing diet
Answer:
nutritious diet, healthy diet, unhealthy diet, strict diet, balanced diet, staple diet, vegetarian diet.

Question (d)
plentiful supply
Answer:
sufficient supply, regular supply, continuous supply, irregular supply.

Question (e)
simple device
Answer:
complicated device, expensive device, helpful device, useless device, clever device, ingenious device, safety device.

Question (f)
savage controversy
Answer:
raging controversy, bitter controversy, unending controversy, fierce controversy.

Question (g)
modern technique
Answer:
new technique, conventional technique, advanced technique, simple technique.

Question (h)
foolish custom:
Answer:
quaint custom, ancient custom, Indian custom, accepted custom.

2. Use the following idioms/expressions in sentences of your own.

Question (a)
to be prone to …………………………………
Answer:
We are prone to infections during monsoon.

Question (b)
to have a difference of opinion ………………………
Answer:
If you have a difference of opinion with someone, you must settle it amicably.

Question (c)
to go beyond …………………………….
Answer:
The fight between the two women was going beyond the limits of decent behaviour.

Question (d)
to have a beneficial effect ……………………………………
Answer:
Exercising regularly has a beneficial effect on the body.

Question (e)
to have a bias ………………………………
Answer:
We should not have a bias against foreign ideas.

Question (f)
to undo ……………………………………..
Answer:
“Do not undo all the good that I have done,” said the psychiatrist to the woman.

Question (g)
to be wary of ………………………………..
Answer:
One should be wary of schemes which promise to make one rich overnight.

Question (h)
under the influence ……………………………….
Answer:
He committed the crime when he was under the influence of alcohol.

3. Say ‘WHY’?

Question (a)
One should avoid getting angry about a difference of opinion.
Answer:
One should avoid getting angry about a ; difference of opinion because if one gets angry, it will show that one’s belief is going beyond what the evidence indicates or states.

Question (b)
The writer found his stay abroad very profitable.
Answer:
The writer found his stay abroad very profitable because it helped him to become aware of foreign ideas and customs and diminish the intensity of his insular prejudice.

Question (c)
The writer grew less dogmatic and more open-minded.
Answer:
When the writer was young, he lived for some time outside his country. He became aware of foreign ideas and customs. This made him grow less dogmatic and more open-minded.

Question (d)
Men declaring that they are saints write letters to the writer.
Answer:
The writer is a renowned person. The men who declare themselves as saints want the writer to mention them in his lectures so that they get some free publicity. Hence they write letters to the writer.

Question (e)
The writer claims that all false beliefs need not be replaced by cold science.
Answer:
The writer claims that all false beliefs need not be replaced by cold science because if this is done, the world would lose some of its interest and variety.

4. Make sentences of your own to show the difference of usage of the following words:

Question (a)
1. device
2. devise
Answer:
1. Today, we make use of various devices to help us.
2. Mothers must devise ways of keeping their children out of mischief.

Question (b)
Make sentences of your own to show the difference of usage of the following homophones :
1. advice
2. advise
Answer:
1. It is very easy to give advice but difficult to follow it.
2. The teacher advised the girl not to waste time.

Question (c)
Make sentences of your own to show the difference of usage of the following homophones:
1. practice
2. practise
Answer:
1. Dowry is an evil practice prevalent in India.
2. I have to practise every day if I want to win the dance competition.

5. When a family member is very ill for long, the grandmother of the family urges everyone to send for a person who claims he can cure victims of black magic. Compose a dialogue with her, in which her granddaughter politely convinces her that she should not believe in such things.

Question 1.
When a family member is very ill for long, the grandmother of the family urges everyone to send for a person who claims he can cure victims of black magic. Compose a dialogue with her, in which her granddaughter politely convinces her that she should not believe in such things.
Answer:

• Grandmother: What a situation! Now that you have tried all your fancy modern medicines, listen to me. Call Cureybaba.
• Granddaughter: Who is he? Never heard of him.
• Grandmother: I am certain that your mother is the victim of black magic. Cureybaba will cure her. You saw him at our neighbour’s house a few days back. He is bald and …
• Granddaughter: Grandma, for Heavens Sake! Mom was ill, no doubt, but her illness has been diagnosed and it is easily curable! There are plenty of medicines in the market.
• Grandmother: She’s been ill for so long now! Granddaughter: Oh, Grandma, only for two months! The diagnosis took long.
• Grandmother: Cureybaba will cure her in one sitting.
• Granddaughter: Listen, Granny dear, these people are all frauds. If your Cureybaba was so good, why doesn’t he get some hair on his head – we know he wears a wig – or cure his horrible cough? Why doesn’t he cure his own mother who is so ill? And has he cured that poor little girl next door? No, he hasn’t. He’s a fraud, Granny.
• Grandmother: But … but, ……….
• Granddaughter: Granny, there’s no such thing as black magic. You know that full well. You have seen enough of these ‘babas’ being exposed. Then why ………….
• Grandmother: Oh, OK. If you say your mother’s 5 illness can be cured by modern medicines easily, I will forget Cureybaba and black magic. Now that I come to think of it, our other neighbour was telling me how he cheated somebody the other day ……….
• Granddaughter: There you are, Granny!

6. List the various ways of avoiding error 1 mentioned in the passage.

Question 1.
List the various ways of avoiding error 1 mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The various ways of avoiding error are:

1. make observations yourself
2. make yourself aware of your bias
3. be on your guard when you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion.

7. Answer the following questions:

Question (a)
If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, what does it indicate?
Answer:
If an opinion contrary to my own makes me angry, it indicates that I am subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as I do.

Question (b)
What are the most savage controversies about?
Answer:
The most savage controversies are about ! those matters as to which there is no good evidence either way.

Question (c)
What are the benefits of travel?
Answer:
Travelling helps you to become aware of foreign ideas and customs. You begin to accept them and get rid of your own narrow outlook.

Question (d)
Is the influence of foreign customs always beneficial?
Answer:
No, not always. Very often, the influence of foreign customs can be harmful and we must be cautious while following them.

Question (e)
What are the advantages of an imaginary argument with a person having a different bias?
Answer:
The advantage of an imaginary argument with a person having a different bias is that it is not subject to the limitations of time and space. One can have this argument at any time and at any place.

Question (f)
Why should one be wary of opinions that flatter one’s self-esteem?
Answer:
One should be wary of opinions that flatter one’s self-esteem because there may be opinions with abundant evidence to prove the exact opposite to what one believes.

Question (g)
How does fear lead us to error?
Answer:
Fear leads us to error by making us do things like inventing rumours of disaster in wartime, imagining objects of terror, such as ghosts, or by creating belief in something comforting, like the elixir of life, or heaven for ourselves and hell for our enemies.

Question (h)
Write down the way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage is to try to conquer fear.

8. What is the meaning of ‘intellectual rubbish’?

Question 1.
What is the meaning of ‘intellectual rubbish’?
Answer:
This is an oxymoron, where the writer has used contrasting or contradictory words that go together. The writer uses the phrase to describe all false beliefs, baseless opinions, dogmatism, fears and superstitions of various kinds. People follow certain beliefs, ideas and customs without inquiring into their validity. Sometimes, many of these beliefs and customs lead to evil and suffering in the world.

9. Find the opposites of the following:

Question 1.
Find the opposites of the following:

1. cautious
2. dogmatic
3. contrary
4. savage
5. beneficial
6. reasonable
7. hypothetical
8. cruelty
9. immune

Answer:

1. cautious × reckless (incautious)
2. dogmatic × open-minded
3. contrary × same
4. savage × mild
5. reasonable × unreasonable
6. hypothetical × real
7. beneficial × harmful
8. cruelty × kindness/compassion
9. immune × vulnerable

10. Write an imaginary dialogue contesting opposite views on a topic of your choice, e.g. ‘Girls should learn to do all the housework and not boys.’

Question 1.
Write an imaginary dialogue contesting opposite views on a topic of your choice, e.g. ‘Girls should learn to do all the housework and not boys.’
Answer:

• Topic: Girls should learn to do all the housework and not boys
• Myself: Mom, what is this? Why should I learn to do the housework, and not Rohan?
• Mom: You are a girl. Girls have to look after the ! house.
• Myself: Why? Don’t boys live in a house?
• Mom: A woman can look after a home better than a man.
• Myself: That’s ancient history, Mom! Haven’t you heard of something called gender equality?
• Mom: These new-fangled notions of yours!
• Myself: And these notions of only girls having to do housework are all man-made. Look at the west – men and women both do housework. (… and so on. Students can complete this imaginary dialogue.)

(Some topics for imaginary dialogues: should school students be permitted to bring cell phones to school/should coaching classes be banned/should the weight of school bags be monitored/should there be entrance exams for professional courses/should i there be uniforms in schools and colleges.)

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 4.3 Intellectual Rubbish Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the following statements:
Answer:

1. Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake.
2. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, you must make the observation yourself.
3. Many matters are less easily brought to the test of experience.
4. Most of mankind has passionate convictions on many matters.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What erroneous notion did Aristotle have? What does his example convey to you?
Answer:
Aristotle had the erroneous notion that women had fewer teeth than men, when in fact he didn’t verily it. His example conveys to us that we must be cautious. We must not think that we know something for sure till we make the observation ourselves.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Underline the pronouns in the following sentence:
I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do.
Answer:
I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do.

Question 2.
Rewrite the sentence replacing the gerund with an infinitive:
Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake.
Answer:
To think that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake.

Personal Response:

1. What do you feel when:

Question (a)
Someone opposes your strong belief.
Answer:
I generally get angry but later on I think about it and try to analyse the whole issue.

Question (b)
Someone insists that 2 + 2 = 5.
Answer:
I merely laugh at him/her or feel pity at his/her ignorance.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Write if the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. The writer lived in many countries in his youth – True
2. It was a Chinese custom for the women to have small feet – True
3. The Manchus followed the Chinese custom – True
4. Travelling increases the intensity of insular prejudice – False

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
How can you prevent yourself from developing a dogmatic attitude?
Answer:
You can prevent yourself from developing a dogmatic attitude by becoming aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own.

Question 2.
List the various ways of avoiding error mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The various ways of avoiding error are:
1. become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own
2. travel, and if you cannot, seek out people with whom you disagree and talk to them.

2. Use the following idioms/expressions in a sentence of your own.

Question 1.
to become aware of:
Answer:
I became aware of the bear only when it growled loudly.

Question 2.
Find the opposites of the following :
1. diminishing
Answer:
1. diminishing × increasing

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Replace the gerund in the following sentence with an infinitive:
It is a good way of ridding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism.
Answer:
It is a good way to rid yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism.

Question 2.
Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer:
This reflection should generate a certain caution.
Answer:
What should generate a certain caution?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think that traveling helps us to become more tolerant and understanding?
Answer:
Yes, it certainly does. It shows us the way different people live, their ideas and customs, the difficulties they face and the way they solve these difficulties. It gives us a much broader view of life.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the following web:
Answer:

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Write down the way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage is to have imaginary arguments with people having different bias.

Activities based on Vocabulary.

Question 1.
good plan
Answer:
cunning plan, thoughtful plan, well-made plan, secret plan, master plan, career plan.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
It is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. (Rewrite the sentence beginning ‘Imagining
Answer:
Imagining an argument with a person having a different bias is a good plan.

Question 2.
You may never meet anyone who holds this opinion. (Rewrite the sentence as a simple sentence.)
Answer:
You may never meet anyone with/having this opinion.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Have you ever had an imaginary argument with anyone?
Answer:
Yes. I often have an imaginary argument with my mother. In my imagination, she asks me why have got peor marks in some particular subject and I reply. Then she says something else and I counter that one as well. We argue. I Imagine what she well say and provide the answers.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
Answer:

1. Be wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem.
2. We are all persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others.
3. We try to show that the merits possessed b our nation are really important ones.
4. We think that the demerits of our own country are comparatively trivial.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What two examples does the writer give to those who have opinions that flatter their self-esteem?
Answer:
The writer says that if a man points out that most poets and men of science are male, a woman can say that most criminals are also male. The second example he gives is that of general human conceit. For this, we need to remind ourselves that other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to Jelly-fish.

Question 2.
What is the only way to tackle such self-pride?
Answer:
The only way to tackle such self-pride is to remind ourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet In a little corner of the universe, and that other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourseLves as we are to Jelly-fish.

Question 3.
Why should one be wary of opinions that flatter one’s self-esteem?
Answer:
One should be wary of opinions that flatter one’s self-esteem because there may be opinions with abundant evidence lo prove the exact opposite to what one believes.

Question 4.
Write down the way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage Is to be wary of opinions that hatter your self-esteem.

Use the following Idioms/expressions in sentences of your own….,

Question 1.
to deal with:
Answer:
The lawyer had to deal with a large number of court cases.

Question 2.
Give the noun forms of the following:

1. flatter
2. abundant
3. rational
4. argue

Answer:

1. flatter – flattery
2. abundant – abundance
3. rational – rationality
4. argue – argument

Activity-based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Rewrite the following sentences adding question tags:
1. The question is inherently insoluble.
2. Self-esteem conceals this from most people.
Answer:
1. The question is inherently insoluble, isn’t it?
2. Self-esteem conceals this from most people, doesn’t it?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think that there are living beings superior to man in other parts of the universe?
Answer:
Yes, I do. The universe is so huge. There is probably a whole lot of life elsewhere that is superior to us. There may also be a lot of life inferior to us, too. We should not make the mistake of thinking that ; we are the greatest.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Write whether the following statements are Right or Wrong:
Answer:

1. Fear has many forms. Right
2. Fear operates directly and indirectly. Right
3. You must never admit your own fears to yourself. Wrong
4. We can become wise only when we conquer fear. Right

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What two evils does fear lead to? How can one overcome fear?
Ans.
Two evils that fear leads us to are superstition and cruelty. One can overcome fear by firstly admitting one’s own fears to oneself and then guarding oneself against their myth-making power.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What two evils does fear lead to? How can one overcome fear?
Answer:
Two evils that fear leads us to are superstition and cruelty. One can overcome fear by firstly admitting one’s own fears to oneself and then guarding oneself against their myth-making power.

Question 2.
How does fear lead us to error?
Answer:
Fear leads us to error by making us do things like inventing rumours of disaster in wartime, imagining objects of terror, such as ghosts, or by creating belief in something comforting, like the elixir of life, or heaven for ourselves and hell for our enemies.

Activity-based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B:

A	B
1. specific	(a) effort
2. vague	(b) terrors
3. difficult	(c) beliefs
4. religious	(d) fear

Answer:

1. specific – terrors
2. vague – fear
3. difficult – effort
4. religious – beliefs.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Fear is the main source of superstition. (Rewrite beginning ‘It is ……………)
Answer:
It is fear that is the main source of superstition.

Question 2.
Until you have admitted your own fears to yourself, you cannot hope to think about other matters. (Rewrite using ‘only when
Answer:
Only when you have admitted your own fears to yourself, can you hope to think about other matters.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What are the things you are afraid of?
Answer:
I am generally afraid of things regarding my education. I am afraid that I will not do well in my j exams and not get a seat in the college of my choice. I am also afraid that I will be separated from my friends and will not be able to make new friends at a new place. I will be lost without friends.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
Answer:
1. Primitive magic has the purpose of securing safety either by injuring enemies or by protecting oneself by talismans, spells or incantations.
2. Neither a man nor a crowd nor a nation can be trusted to act humanely or to think sanely under the influence of a great fear.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What is the aim of primitive magic?
Answer:
The aim of primitive magic is to secure safety, either by injuring enemies or by protecting oneself by talismans, spells or incantations.

Question 2.
What are the two ways of avoiding fear?
Answer:
The two ways of avoiding fear are:
1. by persuading ourselves that we are immune from disaster and
2. by the practice of sheer courage.

Question 3.
Write down the way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage is to avoid fear in various ways.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Use the following idioms/expressions in sentences of your own.
1. at a certain point
Answer:
1. Rhea realised at a certain point during the argument that it was better to keep quiet.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Poltroons are more prone to cruelty than brave men, and are also more prone to superstition.
(Rewrite using not only … but also…….)
Answer:
Poltroons are not only more prone to cruelty than brave men, but also more prone to superstition.

Question 2.
Science has now lessened the belief in magic.
(Pick out the verb and state its tense.)
Answer:
has lessened – present perfect tense.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
How do you try to overcome your fears?
Answer:
I try to overcome my fears by telling my parents and friends about them and getting their advice and support. I also pray to God and this helps me the most.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Write whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. Superstitions sometimes add to the gaiety of life. True
2. The writer used to give lectures. True
3. The ‘prophetess’ walked on water successfully. False

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
How did the prophetess befool her believers?
Answer:
The prophetess announced to her numerous | followers that she possessed the power of walking on water, and that she proposed to do so at 11 o’clock on a certain morning. On that day, she asked them whether they were all convinced that she could walk on water. When they replied in the affirmative, she said that then there was no need for her to prove herself. Thus she fooled her believers.

Activity-based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Rewrite the following sentences as compound sentences:
1. Although I did not enroll myself among his worshippers, his letter gave me pleasure.
2. I received once a communication from the god Osiris, giving me his telephone number.
Answer:
1. I did not enroll myself among his worshippers but his letter gave me pleasure.
2. I received once a communication from the god Osiris and he gave me his telephone number.

Simple Activities:

Question 1.
Write two compound words from the lesson.
Answer:
steamboat, self-esteem

Question 2.
Make a meaningful sentence using the phrase ‘of great importance’.
Answer:
It is of great importance to understand the rules of the land.

Question 3.
Spot the error and correct the sentence:
Fear have many forms – fear of death, fear of the dark, etc.
Answer:
Fear has many forms-fear of death, fear of the dark, etc.

Question 4.
Pick out a gerund from the given sentence:
You may never have an opportunity of meeting anyone who has this opinion.
Answer:
meeting – gerund

Question 5.
Identify the type of sentence:
Mahatma Gandhi deplored railways and steamboats.
Answer:
Assertive sentence

Question 6.
Find out two hidden words from the given word : hypothetical
Answer:
hypothetical – poetic, poetical (topic, topical).

Question 7.
Form the present and past participle of a verb in the lesson in which the last letter is doubled.
Answer:
admit-admitted, admitting

Question 8.
Write the following words in alphabetical order:
dogmatism, dominion, deplored, device.
Answer:
deplored, device, dogmatism, dominion.

Medium-Level Activities:

Question 1.
Use the word ‘spell’ in two separate sentences, the word having different meanings (homographs).
Answer:
(a) “Be sure that you spell every word correctly,” said the teacher.
(b) The witch was angry and cast a spell over the princess.

Question 2.
She announced to her numerous followers that she possessed the power of walking on water.
(Rewrite using direct speech.)
Answer:
She announced to her numerous followers, “I possess the power of walking on water.”

Question 3.
The rational man will admit that there is no right answer.
(Use the future perfect tense of the verb.)
Answer:
The rational man will have admitted that there is no right answer.

Question 4.
Science has now lessened the belief in magic.
(Change the voice beginning ‘The belief. ’.)
Answer:
The belief in magic has now been lessened by science.

Challenging Activities:

Question 1.
Although I did not enroll myself among his worshippers, his letter gave me pleasure. (Pick out the clauses and identify the type of sentence.)
Answer:
his letter gave me pleasure – main clause
Although I did not enroll myself among his worshippers – subordinate clause. Complex sentence

Question 2.
Use the two words ‘evidence’ and ‘opinion’ in a single sentence of your own.
Answer:
In the opinion of the judge, the evidence was false.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 2.4 The Fall of Troy Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 2.4 The Fall of Troy

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 2.4 The Fall of Troy Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:

Building a Story :
Form groups of eight. The group leader prepares slips of paper for each of the seven points given below and distributes them among the others. The group sits in a circle, taking their seats according to the number on the slip they have. Then each one completes the sentence on his/her slip without sharing it with the others. The group leader collects the slips and reads all the sentences aloud as one continuous passage. Does the story make sense? The group then works on the story to make it more meaningful and interesting.

This game may be played again, changing the groups, to form new stories.

1. Once there was a ……………………….
2. Who lived in a ……………………….
3. He/She ate ……………………….
4. She/He went ……………………….
5. There she/he saw ……………………….
6. She/He was …………………………
7. That is why ……………………….

Question 1.

1. Once there was a ……………………….
2. Who lived in a ……………………….
3. He/She ate ……………………….
4. She/He went ……………………….
5. There she/he saw ……………………….
6. She/He was …………………………
7. That is why ……………………….

Answer:

1. Once there was a beautiful princess.
2. Who lived in a dirty old shoe in a park.
3. He/She ate nails and screws and paper.
4. She/He went on a plane to the Arctic Circle.
5. There she/he saw green mountains, lush forests and thundering waterfalls.
6. She/He was very happy to go to Mars in the spaceship.
7. That is why the doctor gave me the bitter medicine.

The sentences as one continuous passage :

Once there was a beautiful princess who lived in a dirty old shoe in a park. She/He ate nails and screws and paper. She went on a plane to the Arctic Circle. There she saw green mountains, lush forests and thundering waterfalls. She was very happy to go to Mars in the spaceship. That is why the doctor gave me the bitter medicine.

The sentences read as one continuous passage do not make sense. However, if we make changes in the story, the passage will make sense.

1. Once there was a beautiful princess.
2. Who lived in a beautiful palace in a large forest.
3. She ate only fresh fruits, vegetables and salads for every meal.
4. She went on a voyage to the Arctic Circle.
5. There she saw frozen seas, ice bergs and a variety of sea animals.
6. She was thrilled to see so many different things, which she had never seen before.
7. That is why she decided to visit a new place every year.

When we put these sentences given above as a continuous passage, they form a small and sensible story.
(Students can play the game again, changing the groups, to form new stories.)

Interviews:

(a) Why? : Form groups of five. Choose a familiar character from any one of the epics you know. One person from the group plays the role of that character. Others in the group frame questions related to that character’s life. The condition is that all the questions should begin with ‘Why …?‘. They interview the character using these ‘Why -?‘ questions. Practise and present the interview in the classroom.
(b) How? : Follow the above procedure. Now all questions should begin with ‘How -?‘
(c) Prepare a short script of your interviews.

Question a.
Why?
Answer:
Form groups of five. Choose a familiar character from any one of the epics you know. One person from the group plays the role of that character. Others in the group frame questions related to that character’s life. The condition is that all the questions should begin with a ‘Why…’? They interview the character using these ‘Why?’ questions. Practice and present the interview in the classroom.
Example: Questions for Lord Rama. Epic: Ram ay an

1. Why did you marry Sita?
2. Why did your father ask you to leave the kingdom?
3. Why did your stepmother want you to leave the kingdom?
4. Why did Lakshman accompany you to the forest?
5. Why did Lakshman leave Sita alone in the hut?

Question b.
How? : Follow the above procedure. Now all questions should begin with ‘How -?‘
Answer:
Example :

1. How did you marry Sita?
2. How many brothers did you have?
3. How did your stepmother make you leave the kingdom?
4. How did Ravana trick Sita?
5. How did Hanuman help you?

Question c.
A short script of the interviews:
Answer:
Example :

Question 1.
Why did your father ask you to leave the kingdom?
Answer:
My father fulfilled my stepmother Kaikeyi’s wish and banished me from Ayodhya.

Question 2.
Why did your stepmother want you to leave the kingdom?
Answer:
My stepmother Kaikeyi wanted her son Bharat to become the king. This would not have been possible if I had been in Ayodhya. Hence she wanted me to leave the kingdom.

Question 3.
Why did Lakshman accompany you to the forest?
Answer:
Lakshman loved me and wanted to ensure my safety in the forest. Hence he accompanied me to the forest.

Part – I

English Workshop:

1. Read the passage and name the following.

(a) He composed the Illiad and Odyssey: ……………….
(b) He persuaded Helen to elope wjth him: ……………….
(c) She was wife of the King Menelaus: ……………….
(d) He led the defence of Troy for nthe years: ……………….
(e) He was killed by a poisoned arrow that entered his heel: ……………….

Question 1.
(a) He composed the Illiad and Odyssey: ……………….
(b) He persuaded Helen to elope with him: ……………….
(c) She was wife of the King Menelaus: ……………….
(d) He led the defense of Troy for nine years: ……………….
(e) He was killed by a poisoned arrow that entered his heel: ……………….
Answer:
(a) He composed The Iliad and – The Odyssey Homer
(b) He persuaded Helen to elope with him. Paris
(c) She was the wife of King Menelaus. Helen
(d) He led the defense of Troy for nine years Hector
(e) He was killed by a poisoned arrow that entered his heel. Achilles

2. Find antonyms of the following from the passage.
(a) barren × ……………..
(b) offended × ……………..
(c) cowardly × ……………..
(d) peace × ……………..
(e) surrender × ……………..
(f) exposed × ……………..
(g) defenceless × ……………..

Question 1.
Find antonyms of the following from the passage.
(a) barren × ……………..
(b) offended × ……………..
(c) cowardly × ……………..
(d) peace × ……………..
(e) surrender × ……………..
(f) exposed × ……………..
(g) defenceless × ……………..
Answer:
(a) barren × fertile
(b) offended × pleased
(c) cowardly × brave
(d) peace × war
(e) surrender × attack
(f) exposed × protected.
(g) defenceless × safe.

3. From other sources find synonyms of the following words used in the story.
(a) great (hero)
(b) beautiful (woman)
(c) fight (verb)
(d) rich (city)
(e) safe
(f) strong (city)
(g) brave

Question 1.
From other sources find synonyms of the following words used in the story.
(a) great (hero)
(b) beautiful (woman)
(c) fight (verb)
(d) rich (city)
(e) safe
(f) strong (city)
(g) brave
Answer:
(a) great – gallant (hero)
(b) beautiful – entrancing (woman).
(c) fight – attack (verb)
(d) rich – prosperous (city)
(e) safe – sheltered.
(f) strong – well-protected (city)
(g) brave – courageous.

4. Correct the following sentences using facts from the passage.
(a) Troy traded in cattle and grass, with other cities.
(b) During war, Trojans jumped over the fort gates to fight die enemy.
(c) Helen eloped with Menelaus.
(d) Troy was attacked because it was a strong. rich city.
(e) The Greek armies and heroes always defeated the Trojans.
(f) Both the enemies were eager to continue fighting.
(g) The great heroes avoided one another.
(h) Achilles was killed by an arrow that pierced his heart.

Question a.
Correct the following sentences using facts from the passage.
(a) Troy traded in cattle and grass, with other cities.
(b) During war, Trojans jumped over the fort gates to fight die enemy.
(c) Helen eloped with Menelaus.
(d) Troy was attacked because it was a strong. rich city.
(e) The Greek armies and heroes always defeated the Trojans.
(f) Both the enemies were eager to continue fighting.
(g) The great heroes avoided one another.
(h) Achilles was killed by an arrow that pierced his heart.
Answer:
(a) Troy traded in goods and grain with other cities.
(b) During the war, Trojans came out of the open fort gates to fight the enemy.
(c) Helen eloped with Paris.
(d) Troy was attacked because its Prince Paris had! persuaded Helen, the wife of a Greek king Menelaus, to elope with him.
(e) Sometimes the Trojans seemed to have the better of the fight and sometimes the Greeks.
(f) The Trojans were tired of being shut up in their city and the Greeks were longing to see their homes again.
(g) Sometimes there were single fights, between two great heroes.
(h) Achilles was killed by an arrow that pierced his heel.

5. State the counter-action for the following actions.

Question 1.
State the counter-action for the following actions.

Answer:

Action	Counter-action
1. Helen eloped with Paris.	Greece declared war against the Troy.
2. The Greeks sailed to Troy and attacked it.	The Trojans fought hard and the siege continued for ten years.
3. Hector was killed by Achilles.	Achilles himself was killed later by a poisoned arrow.
4. The siege continued for ten long years.	The Trojans fought hard and the fighting went on daily.

6. From either of our two Indian epics, find out which battle/war lasted the longest? Write down about its cause, the enemy armies, its heroes, its duration and the final outcome.

7. Complete the following sentences with reference to the passage.
(a) Epics are long poems that ………………… .
(b) They may be composed and sung or recited for many years before …………….. .
(c) Nobody knows for certain who ………………………….. .
(d) It is believed that ……………. Homer, who ………….. and who ……………… to all who ……………. .
(e) At the back rose the high peak of Mount Ida, from which ………….. .

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences with reference to the passage.
(a) Epics are long poems that ………………… .
(b) They may be composed and sung or recited for many years before …………….. .
(c) Nobody knows for certain who ………………………….. .
(d) It is believed that ……………. Homer, who ………….. and who ……………… to all who ……………. .
(e) At the back rose the high peak of Mount Ida, from which ………….. .
Answer:
(a) Epics are long poems that relate the deeds of a great national hero or a great national war.
(b) They may be composed and sung or recited for many years before they are actually written down.
(c) Nobody knows for certain who the author of these early epics is.
(d) It is believed that The Iliad and The Odyssey were composed and recited by a blind poet named Homer, who lived about 900 BCE and who wandered from one Greek city or village to another, singing his poems to all who would receive him in their homes.
(e) At the back rose the high peak of Mount Ida, from which flowed many rivers and streams.

Underline the clauses in the above sentences and also the words that link or connect the clauses.

Question 1.
Epics are long poems that relate the deed of a great national hero or a great national war.
Answer:
Epics are long poems – Clause
that relate the deed of a great national hero or a great national war – Clause

Question 2.
They may be composed and sung or recited for many years before they are actually written down.
Answer:
They may be composed – Clause (they may be)
sung – Clause (they may be)
recited for many years – Clause
before they are actually written down – Clause

Question 3.
Nobody knows for certain who the author of these early epics is.
Answer:
Nobody knows for certain – Clause
who the author of these early epics is – Clause

Question 4.
It is believed that The Iliad and The Odyssey were composed and recited by a blind poet named Homer, who lived about 900 BCE and who wandered from one Greek city or village to another, singing his poems to all who would receive him in their homes.
Answer:
It is believed – Clause
that The Iliad and The Odyssey were composed – Clause
(that The Iliad and The Odyssey were)
recited by a blind poet named Homer – Clause
who lived about 900 BCE – Clause

Question 5.
At the back rose the high peak of Mount Ida, from which flowed many rivers and streams.
Answer:
At the back rose the high peak of Mount Ida – Clause
from which flowed many rivers and streams – Clause

Part – II

1. Find and write the Greek and Trojan names used in the story (Part I and II).

Question 1.
Find and write the Greek and Trojan names used in the story (Part I and II).

2. List all the words related to ‘war’ from both parts of the story.

Question 1.
List all the words related to ‘war’ from both parts of the story.

3. Note the following constructions carefully and then use them to express your ideas:

Question 1.
Note the following constructions carefully and then use them to express your ideas:

4. Put the following events in the order in which they took place. Number them accordingly.

Question 1.
(a) The Trojans found a Greek man under the big wooden horse. [ ]
(b) They broke down part of the wall and brought the horse in. [ ]
(c) The cunning Odysseus thought of a plan. [ ]
(d) The Greeks burnt their tents and sailed away. [ ]
(e) Troy was burnt down. [ ]
(f) The Greeks built a big wooden horse. [ ]
(g) The great heroes hid inside the horse. [ ]
(h) The priest warned the Trojans not to break the wall. [ ]
(i) The Trojans were happy to see the Greek ships go. [ ]
(j) The Trojans slept soundly. [ ]
(k) The Greeks came out of the horse and opened the gates. [ ]
(l) The Greek army entered the city. [ ]
Answer:
(a) The Trojans found a Greek man under the big wooden horse. [f]
(b) They broke down part of the wall and brought the horse in. [h]
(c) The cunning Odysseus thought of a plan. [a]
(d) The Greeks burnt their tents and sailed away. [d]
(e) Troy was burnt down. [i]
(f) The Greeks built a big wooden horse. [b]
(g) The great heroes hid inside the horse. [c]
(h) The priest warned the Trojans not to break the wall. [g]
(i) The Trojans were happy to see the Greek ships go. [e]
(j) The Trojans slept soundly. [i]
(k) The Greeks came out of the horse and opened the gates. [j]
(l) The Greek army entered the city. [k]

5. Form pairs. Imagine you are a pair of Trojans and you have come to know about Odysseus’s plan. Make a counter plan to defeat the Greeks. Write down your plan as you would explain it to your fellow Trojans.

Question 1.
Form pairs. Imagine you are a pair of Trojans and you have come to know about Odysseus’s plan. Make a counter plan to defeat the Greeks. Write down your plan as you would explain it to your fellow Trojans.

6. Identify one example of a main clause and one example of a dependent clause from page 46. (Read the entry regarding clause in the Language Study pages.)

Question 1.
Identify one example of a main clause and one example of a dependent clause from page 46. (Read the entry regarding clause in the Language Study pages.)
Answer:
Many of the Trojans were killed before they could put on their armour.
Many of the Trojans were killed – Main Clause before they could put on their armour – Dependent Clause

7. Be a writer.
(a) Now read the beginning and end of a sci-fi story given below and complete the story using your imagination.

Question a.
Now read the beginning and end of a sci-fi story given below and complete the story using your imagination.
Answer:
‘The Magic Glasses’
After ten years of diligent experimenting on ‘light’, Jayant, a brilliant scientist, created a pair of eye-glasses that would enable him to see through all opaque objects, doors, walls, metal structures, etc. .
On Monday, he put on his ‘magic’ glasses and stepped into the busy street outside …

Everything seemed normal – the traffic, the crowds, etc. Suddenly, Jayant tripped over something and he looked down. It was the metal covering of a manhole. As he looked, he saw a strange sight. There were three little children below, deep under the footpath! How was that possible? Why was no one helping them? They were crying and wailing, sitting in the mess inside the drain. He looked up, and then realized that he had seen them because of his magic eye-glasses.

“Come on, help!” he shouted. “There are children trapped under this footpath, inside this drain!”
Several people stopped. “How do you know?” asked a non-believer.
“What is going on here?” asked an officious- looking policeman.
“Don’t talk – just help!” snapped Jayant, trying to prise open the manhole cover. It was heavy, and several good Samaritans stepped forward to help. Within a few moments, the heavy lid was in their hands.
Everyone peered into the dark, gloomy and smelly drain. They could hear the faint sounds of crying. “I’m going down,” said Jayant. “Those little ones will not be able to bear the poisonous gases much longer.”
With the help of the cooperative by-standers, Jayant went down into the manhole and rescued the little kids – all of whom were below the age of five. Everyone clapped when he came out, dirty and smelly, with the three half-conscious kids.
And so, Jayant received the ‘State Award for Brave Citizens’. ………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .

Question b.
Read the following and observe the use of tenses.
‘Last week I witnessed a strange accident. Let ¡ne tell you about it. The signal flashes green. Vehicles start from the opposite direction. They ¡nove fast. Suddenly a speeding motorcyclist tries to cut across, from the wrong side. He is about to collide with a loaded truck. He applies the brakes. He falls and slides out with his bike from under the truck. He comes out unscathed on the other side.’ When an event, which has occured in the past, is narrated in the Present Tense to create a dramatic effect its Tense is called the ‘Dramatic Present Tense’ Now try to relate Jayant s sci-fI story, in brief, in the dramatic past tense.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Jayant wears his magic glasses and steps into the street. He trips over a manhole and looks down. What! Are there three little kids trapped inside the drain under the footpath? Jayant looks around for help, but there are non – believers around him. He tries to prise open the manhole cover. Suddenly, willing hands help him.

The cover is open, and they hear the sounds of children crying. Jayant bravely lowers himself down the dirty drain. He soon rescues the three kids trapped inside. As he hands over the kids to the policeman, the people around clap for him. He is a hero. Jayant later receives the ‘State Award for Brave Citizens’.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 2.4 The Fall of Troy Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passages carefully and complete the activities :

Simple Factual Activity :

1. Name the following :
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)

1. The language of The Iliad and The Odyssey : Ancient Greek
2. The language of The Mahabharata : Sanskrit
3. The most beautiful woman in the world : Helen of Troy.

2. Complete the following sentences :
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)

1. Odysseus thought of a plan to obtain victory.
2. Troy was taken, not by force but by a trick.
3. Two great heroes, Menelaus and Odysseus, entered the horse.
4. Only one man was left behind to persuade the Trojans to drag the horse into their city.

3. Write the correct number against the sentences in the order in which it happened :

1. They found a Greek with his hands tied together. ]2]
2. Let us make a hole in the wall and drag the horse in. [4]
3. They saw the huge, wooden horse. [1]
4. The Greek told them his tale. [3]

4. Complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)

Complex Factual Activity :

Question 1.
How were epics transmitted from generation to generation?
Answer:
Epics were transmitted from generation to generation through songs and recitals for many years before they were actually written down.

Question 2.
Why is Homer honoured with the title ‘Father of European Poetry?’
Answer:
It is believed that the two great epics of European literature, The Iliad and The Odyssey, were composed and recited by Homer. Hence he has been honoured with the title ‘Father of European Poetry’.

Question 3.
How did Odysseus plan to defeat the Trojans ?
Answer:
Odysseus advised the Greeks to build a great wooden horse, big enough to hold men inside it. Some of their best fighters would hide inside the horse. Then they would burn their tents and pretend to sail away in their ships. But instead of sailing away, they would return at midnight. One man would be left behind with the horse to persuade the Trojans to drag the horse into their city.

After the horse with the soldiers had entered the city, at the appropriate time, the door in the horse would be opened and the soldiers hiding inside would attack Troy. The gates would be opened to allow the remaining Greek soldiers from the ships into the city. The combined force of the Greeks would defeat the Trojans and they would destroy the city of Troy.

Question 4.
What was the reason for Troy to rejoice and celebrate?
Answer:
The Trojans rejoiced and celebrated because after ten long years, the siege was finally over. The tents of the Greeks had been burnt. The shore was deserted. The Greek ships had all gone. The Trojans could go out on the plain and move around as they pleased.

Activities based on Vocabulary :

Question 1.
Find the synonyms of the following words used in the story :
famous
Answer:
famous – well-known

Question 2.
Write the adjective forms of the following words :

1. hospitality
2. hero
3. history
4. poem

Answer:

1. hospitality – hospitable
2. hero – heroic
3. history – historical
4. poem – poetic.

Question 3.
Write from the passage words that sound the same (homophones) as the following :

1. grate
2. sale
3. would
4. site

Answer:

1. great
2. sail
3. wood
4. sight.

Question 4.
Use the phrase ‘enough to’ in your own sentence :
Answer:
Our school auditorium was big enough to hold a grand function.

Question 5.
Give one word from the passage for :

1. great surprise
2. pulled out forcibly

Answer:

1. great surprise – astonishment
2. pulled out forcibly – dragged

Question 6.
Use these phrases in your own sentences :
(Please refer to textbook page 47 for examples.)

1. tired of
2. afraid of
3. too … to …

Answer:

1. We were tired of the long wait for the bus.
2. The children were afraid of the commotion.
3. The bed was too big to be kept in the room.

Question 7.
Use the phrases in your own sentences :

1. so … that
2. as soon as
3. all that day
4. in order to

Answer:

1. The teenagers were so excited that it was difficult to control them.
2. I opened my umbrella as soon as it began to rain.
3. Though their mother shouted at them, the girls lazed about all that day.
4. We have to work hard in order to do well in life.

Activity-based on Contextual Grammar :

Question 1.
Change the voice of the following sentences :

1. It is believed that The Iliad and The Odyssey were composed by Homer.
2. Nobody knows who the author of these epics is.

Answer:

1. People believe that Homer composed The Iliad and The Odyssey.
2. It is not known who the author of these epics is.

Question 2.
When the Trojans are asleep, we will attack the city. (Pick out and name the clauses.)
Answer:
we will attack the city – Main Clause.
When the Trojans are asleep – Subordinate Adverb Clause of Time.

Question 3.
The Greek leaders decided to follow the advice of the wise Odysseus. (Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer.)
Answer:
Whose advice did the Greek leaders decide to follow?

Question 4.
Rewrite the sentence using ‘no sooner than’ :
As soon as they were hidden by an island, they had lowered their sails.
Answer:
No sooner were they hidden by an island, than they had lowered their sails.

Question 5.
Rewrite the sentence using ‘too … to’ :
They were so excited that they paid no attention to his words.
Answer:
They were too excited to pay any attention to his words.

Personal Response :

Question 1.
Have you seen any of the stories mentioned in the passage in TV serials or movies?
Answer:
Yes, I have seen both the Ramayana and the Mahabharata as TV serials.

Question 2.
Who are considered to be the authors of the epics ‘Ramayana’ and ‘Mahabharata’ respectively?
Answer:
Sage Valmiki is considered to be the author of ‘The Ramayana’ and Ved Vyasa is considered to be the author of ‘The Mahabharata’.

Question 3.
What do you think about Odysseus?
Answer:
I think that Odysseus was cunning and used underhand methods to win the war. The war should have been fought and won honestly, not by the use of a trick. Odysseus should not have given such advice and the Greeks should not have taken it.

Question 4.
What, do you think, is needed for a city to be prosperous?
Answer:
To be prosperous, a city must be well situated and have good natural resources, like water and fertile land. It should be safe from enemies. The people and the rulers should be intelligent, sensible and honest. They should also be hard-working. If all these factors are present, then a city will become prosperous.

Question 5.
Do you think that wars can solve problems?
Answer:
No, they cannot. Problems can be solved only by sitting around a table and sorting out the disputes. The practice of ‘an eye for an eye’ will only end up making the whole world blind. Wars kill people and destroy civilizations.

Question 6.
Do you think the Greeks and Trojans were superstitious? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
There is nothing to indicate that the Greeks were superstitious. But the Trojans were superstitious and believed that the wooden horse would bring them luck if they dragged it into their city.

Question 7.
How could the fall of Troy been avoided?
Answer:
The fall of Troy could have been avoided if the Trojans had been wise enough to detect the ‘wooden horse plot’ hatched by the Greeks. They should also not have been stupid enough to believe the silly story told by the lone Greek. They should at least, have listened to their wise priest who had warned them that the horse could be a trick to destroy Troy.

Question 8.
What do you think the Trojans should have done when they found the horse?
Answer:
The Trojans should not have believed the Greeks. They should have been cautious and examined the horse minutely. They should also not have been superstitious enough to bring the horse into the city, expecting good luck. They should have heeded the words of the wise priest.

Complex Factual Activities :

Question 1.
How did the location of Troy help it to grow into a very rich, prosperous city?
Answer:
Troy was well situated. In front of it was the sea over which sailed the ships of Troy, carrying goods and grain. At the back rose the high peak of Mount Ida, from which flowed many rivers and streams. The valleys were well-watered and fertile. Cattle fed on the rich grass of the meadows while sheep fed on the slopes of the hills. Thus, it was well situated, both for commerce and agriculture, and grew into a rich, prosperous city.

Question 2.
How were the Trojans protected during wartime?
Answer:
The Trojans had built a strong wall around the city so that no enemy should attack them from the sea. There were huge gates in the wall. In times of war, the gates would be closed, and then the city was like a strong fortress, quite safe from all attack.
It was thus protected by the walls around it as well as by the hills behind.

Question 3.
Was it enough to use the wooden horse to hide? What was done to make the Trojans take it inside the city?
Answer:
It was not enough to use the wooden horse to hide. It had to be taken inside the city. To achieve this, a Greek, who had been left behind for this very purpose, said that the horse had been left behind as an offering to the god of the sea. It had been made very big so that the Trojans could not take it inside their city. If they did so, the luck would go to the Trojans and not to the Greeks. When they heard this, the Trojans wanted to take the wooden horse inside the city, and they broke their walls to do so.

Question 4.
How did the cunning Greek explain the presence of such a large wooden horse?
Answer:
The cunning Greek said that the Greeks who had left were afraid of the long voyage home. They had made the horse and left it behind as an offering to the god of the sea. It had been made very big so that the Trojans could not take it inside their city. If they did so, the luck would go to the Trojans and not to the Greeks.

Question 5.
What was the cause of the ten-year-old war between the Greeks and the Trojans?
Answer:
Paris, a prince of Troy, had persuaded Helen, wife of a Greek King called Menelaus, to elope j with him. He had brought her to Troy. The Greeks wanted to take revenge on Troy for the wrong done to Menelaus. This was the cause of the ten-year-old war between the Greeks and the Trojans.

Question 6.
What reckless, thoughtless step did the Trojans take?
Answer:
The reckless/thoughtless step that the Trojans took was to break down part of their wall and drag the wooden horse into the city. They also celebrated and slept soundly.

Question 7.
How did the Greeks enter the city of Troy?
Answer:
When the cunning Greek who had been left behind saw the Greek fleet returning to the shores of Troy, he crept to the wooden horse and gave the signal. The side of the horse opened, and the Greeks who were inside climbed out and opened the gates. * The whole Greek army entered the city.

Question 8.
How did the Greek ships remain hidden from Troy?
Answer:
As soon as the Greek ships were hidden : by an island, they lowered their sails and dropped anchor. Thus they remained hidden from Troy.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar :

Question 1.
Round their city the Trojans had built a strong wall. (Pick out the verb and state its tense.)
Answer:
had built – past perfect tense.

Question 2.
The wall was so broad that people could stand on it. (Pick out the modal auxiliary and state what it indicates.)
Answer:
could – indicates ability.

Question 3.
Pick out the clauses from the following sentence and state their type :
He spoke and told them this false tale.
Answer:
He spoke – Main Clause.
(He) told them this false tale – Main Clause.

Question 4.
Rewrite the sentence using ‘which’ :
They saw on the sands the huge, wooden horse.
Answer:
They saw on the sands a huge horse which
was made of wood.

Question 5.
He had brought her to Troy.
(Rewrite beginning ‘She …’)
Answer:
She had been brought to Troy (by him).

Question 6.
The fighting went on daily, but the siege did not end. (Rewrite replacing the underlined word with its verb form.)
Answer:
They fought daily, but the siege did not end.

Question 7.
Write two present participles from the passage, used as adjectives. Also, write the nouns they modify:
Answer:

Present Participles used as Adjectives	Nouns they modify
1. leaping	flames
2. weeping	women
3. sleeping	Trojans

Simple Activities :

Question 1.
Write two compound words of your own.
Answer:
walking stick, fire engine

Question 2.
Make a meaningful sentence using the phrase : ‘among the hills’
Answer:
The tribal communities living among the hills are very poor.

Question 3.
Spot the error and correct the sentence :
It is believe that The Iliad and The Odyssey were compose by Homer.
Answer:
It is believed that The Iliad and The Odyssey were composed by Homer.

Question 4.
Pick out a present participle from the given sentence :
The valleys were fertile, with corn growing in the fields.
Answer:
present participle – growing.

Question 5.
Identify the type of sentence :
But all the kings and heroes had declared war against the Trojans.
Answer:
Assertive sentence

Question 6.
Find out two hidden words from the word ‘hospitality
Answer:
hospitality – hospital, soapy, (spoil, host)

Question 7.
Form a present participle in which the last letter is doubled.
Answer:
hit-hitting

Question 8.
Write the following words in alphabetical order.
great, grain, final, fight
Answer:
fight, final, grain, great.

Question 9.
Make a word chain of four more abstract nouns:
revenge →
Answer:
revenge → empathy → youth → health → humility

Question 10.
Write two compound words of your own.
Answer:
policeman, washing machine

Question 11.
Make a meaningful sentence using the phrase : ‘to follow the advice’
Answer:
Our parents told us to follow the advice of the counseller.

Question 12.
Spot the error and correct the sentence :
Paris himself were killed, also by a poisoned arrow.
Answer:
Paris himself was killed, also by a poisoned arrow.

Question 13.
Use the word ‘sleeping’ as a gerund in your own sentence :
Answer:
I love sleeping.

Question 14.
Identify the type of sentence, and state ; whether it is affirmative or negative :
The Greeks have gone and the walls are no longer necessary.
Answer:
Assertive sentence (negative)

Question 15.
Find out two hidden words from the word :
celebration
Answer:
celebration – liberate, berate, (clear, brain).

Question 16.
Pick out the verb from the following that forms its past participle by doubling the last letter :
mail, cut, hit, rot
Answer:
rot (rotted)

Question 17.
Arrange these words in alphabetical order :
wooden, walls, terror, tower
Answer:
terror, tower, walls, wooden

Medium-Level Activities :

Question 1.
Use the word ‘peak’ and its homophone in two separate sentences :
Answer:
(a) Mt. Everest is one peak I wish to climb.
(b) I might take a peek at the proposed site.

Question 2.
The Trojans fought hard. (Use the past perfect progressive tense of the verb.)
Answer:
The Trojans had been fighting hard.

Question 3.
Prepare a word register for all the words related to ‘war’ from the lesson.
Answer:
war-enemy, attack, fortress, soldiers, siege, battles, armies, heroes, fought, fighting, killed, taken, victory, fighters, terror, death, weapons, armour, conquerors.

Question 4.
Use the word ‘sail’ and its homophone in two separate sentences :
Answer:
(a) The sea gull sat on the sail of the boat.
(b) There is a wonderful sale at the mall this week.

Question 5.
The Greeks burned their tents.
(Use the present perfect tense of the verb.)
Answer:
The Greeks have burned their tents.

Question 6.
“ But why did the Greeks make such a huge horse?” some of the Trojans asked.
(Rewrite using reported speech.)
Answer:
Some of the Trojans asked why the Greeks had made such a huge horse.

Question 7.
Prepare a word register of all the Greek and Trojan names in the story.
Answer:
Greek and Trojan names – Odysseus, Menelaus, Agamemnon, Troy, King Priam, Hector, Helen, Aphrodite, Iliad, Odyssey, Achilles, Homer, Ilium, Aegean Sea, Mount Ida, Greece, Paris.

Challenging Activities :

Question 1.
Use the word ‘force’ as a noun and a verb in two separate sentences.
Answer:
(a) The policeman had to use a lot of force ; to open the door, (noun)
(b) Parents should not force children into careers j that the children do not like, (verb)

Question 2.
The Trojans too fought hard and the siege j continued for ten long years. (Pick out the clauses j and write the type of sentence.)
Answer:
The Trojans too fought hard – Coordinate Clause the siege continued for ten long years – Coordinate Clause ; Compound Sentence

Question 3.
Use the words ‘rejoicing’ and ‘voyage’ in a single sentence.
Answer:
There was a lot of rejoicing by the seamen on the voyage home.

Question 4.
It may be a trick that will ruin us. (Pick out the modal and state its function.)
Answer:
may-possibility

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 8 मेरा विद्रोह Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Hindi Solutions Chapter 8 मेरा विद्रोह

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 8 Solutions Chapter 8 मेरा विद्रोह Textbook Questions and Answers

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ करो:

एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखो:

Question 1.
बेटे की मातृभाषा
Answer:
हिंदी

Question 2.
बेटे की शिक्षा की माध्यम भाषा
Answer:
अंग्रेजी

संक्षेप में लिखो:

Question 1.
रमन के जन्मदिन पर न जाने देने के बाद लड़के द्वारा किया गया विद्रोह
Answer:
लड़के ने जोर-जोर से लड़ना, जिद करना और रोना चिल्लाना शुरू कर दिया।

Question 2.
नुक्कड़ की दुकान से घर लौटने पर बेटे द्वारा देखा दृश्य
Answer:
उसके पिता जी गलियारे में खड़े-खड़े दीवार से कोहनियाँ टिकाए नि:शब्द कातर हो रहे हैं।

कारण लिखो:

Question 1.
अंग्रेजियत वाले परिवारों के बच्चों का दबदबा रहता था।
Answer:
क्योंकि वे छोटी उम्र से ही धाराप्रवाह अंग्रेजी बोलते थे।

Question 2.
लड़के की माँ उसे पढ़ा नहीं पाती थी।
Answer:
क्योंकि बेटे की पढ़ाई का माध्यम अंग्रेजी था और माँ को अंग्रेजी नहीं आती थी।

Question 3.
पिता जी झल्ला पड़ते थे।
Answer:
क्योंकि उनका बेटा ‘डोनेशन’ या सालाना जलसे आदि के लिए चंदे की छपी पर्चियाँ लाता था।

Question 4.
बेटा अड़ जाता था।
Answer:
क्योंकि उसके पिता जी ‘डोनेशन’ के रूप में एक या दो रूपये दे देते थे। जबकि उसके दोस्त दस या बीस रूपये लेकर आते।

ऐसे प्रश्न बनाओ जिनके उत्तर निम्न शब्द हों:

Question 1.
साइकिल
Answer:
बेटा पिता के साथ किस पर बैठकर स्कूल गया था?

Question 2.
बेसब्री
Answer:
पिता अपने बेटे रमन की वर्षगाँठ का कैसे इंतजार करते?

Question 3.
छपी पर्चियाँ
Answer:
बेटा ‘डोनेशन’ या सालाना जलसे आदि के लिए चंदे की क्या लाता?

Question 4.
पारावार
Answer:
माँ की खुशी का क्या न रहा?

संजाल पूर्ण करो:

Answer:

भाषा बिंदु

पाठों में आए हुए उपसर्ग और प्रत्ययवाले शब्द ढूँढ़ो तथा उनके उपसर्ग/प्रत्यय अलग करके मूल शब्द लिखो।
Answer:

उपयोजित लेखन

निम्न मुद्दों के आधार पर विज्ञापन लिखो :
स्थल/जगह, संपर्क, पुस्तक मेला, दिनांक, समय
Answer:

स्वयं अध्ययन

अब्राहम लिंकन द्वारा प्रधानाध्यापक को लिखे हुए पत्र का चार्ट बनाकर कक्षा में लगाओ।

मौलिक सृजन

अपने जीवन में पिता की भूमिका’ अधोरेखित करते हुए कृतज्ञता ज्ञापित करने वाला पत्र लिखिए।
Answer:
१० मई, २०१८
पूज्य पिता जी,
सादर प्रणाम।
आप कैसे हैं? बहुत दिन हो गए है लेकिन आपका पत्र नहीं मिला। मैं ठीक हूँ। मेरी पढ़ाई भी ठीक से चल रही है। आशा करता हूँ कि घर पर सभी ठीक होंगे।
पिता जी, यहाँ का नया कॉलेज बहुत ही अच्छा है। यहाँ पर खाने-पीने व रहने की सारी सुविधाएँ बहुत ही अच्छी हैं। मैं इस कॉलेज में आकर खुश हूँ। दरअसल मैं यह पत्र आपके प्रति अपनी कृतज्ञता ज्ञापित करने के लिए लिख रहा हूँ।
पिता जी मेरे जीवन में आपका बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है। बचपन से लेकर आज तक आपने मुझे पढ़ाई करने के लिए प्रेरित किया है। आपके व्यक्तित्व एवं कृतित्व से प्रभावित होकर मैं आज मेडिकल की पढ़ाई कर रहा हूँ। सचमुच यदि आप न होते, तो मेरे भविष्य में अंधेरा ही होता। अत: आपका मैं जितना शुक्रिया अदा करूँ वह कम ही होगा।
जैसे ही छुट्टियाँ शुरू होगी, वैसे ही तुरंत मैं घर पर आऊँगा। माता जी को सादर प्रणाम।
आपका आज्ञाकारी पुत्र,
अथर्व
कुमार अथर्व सक्सेना
२०२ गीत निवास, गांधी नगर, मुंबई : ४००० ९५७
tharv18@gmail.com.

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 8 Solutions Chapter 8 मेरा विद्रोह Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।
कृति क (१) आकलन कृति

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

उपर्युक्त गद्यांश से ऐसे दो प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिनके उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हों –

Question 1.
बचपन
Answer:
बेटे को शहद के प्याले जैसा क्या लगा था?

Question 2.
मटरगश्ती
Answer:
पिता के अनुसार बेटा दिनभर सड़क पर क्या करता रहता है?

समझकर लिखिए।

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढकर लिखिए।
Answer:
दहाड़ना-गरतना
कई-कई
रोना-धोना ।
लगाते-लगाते

निम्नलिखित शब्द मानक वर्तनी के अनुसार लिखिए।

Question 1.
उध्दंड
Answer:
उदंड

वचन बदलिए।

1. निगाहें
2. सड़क

Answer:

1. निगाह
2. सड़कें

नीचे दिए हुए शब्दों के पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. कपड़ा
2. परिणाम
3. ढिठाई

Answer:

1. वस्त्र
2. नतीजा
3. धृष्टता

अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

1. उदंडतापूर्ण आचरण
2. बड़ा बनने की आकांक्षा

Answer:

1. डिठाई
2. महत्त्वाकांक्षा

Question 1.
‘क्या बच्चों को नियंत्रण में रखने के लिए उन पर दबाव डालना उचित है?’ इस बारे में आप अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
बच्चे चंचल होते हैं। उन पर नियंत्रण रखने के लिए दबाव डालना अनुचित है। यदि बच्चे देर से घर आते हैं या अपने दोस्तों के साथ रोज-रोज मौज-मस्ती करते हैं या पढ़ाई पर ध्यान नहीं देते हैं, ऐसे में उनके साथ सख्ती से पेश आने से कुछ भी हासिल नहीं हो सकता। माता-पिता अपने बच्चों पर सख्ती करने के बजाय उन्हें प्यार से समझा सकते हैं। उन्हें सही-गलत का एहसास करवा सकते हैं।

बच्चों का मन अन्य गलत कार्यों में न भटकें इसलिए उनसे सकारात्मक कार्य कराएँ जाने चाहिए। उन्हें अकेले मत रखें और उन्हें कभी अकेलेपन का एहसास न होने दें। यदि वे अकेले रहेंगे तो उनका मन नकारात्मक कार्यों में उलझेगा। इसलिए बच्चों को नियंत्रण में रखने के लिए माता-पिता अपने बच्चों के साथ प्यार भरा व्यवहार कर सकते हैं।

निम्नलिखित गदयांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

गलत वाक्य सही करके के फिर से लिखिए।

Question 1.
बेटे को अपने पिता से पढ़ने की तीव्र इच्छा थी।
Answer:
बेटे की अपने पिता से पढ़ने की इच्छा नहीं थी।

Question 2.
बेटे को उसके पिता जी रिक्शा में बिठाकर घुमाने ले जाते
Answer:
बेटे को पिता जी साइकिल पर बिठाकर स्कूल ले जाते थे।

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.
बेटा आठवीं कक्षा तक पहुँचा
Answer:
अपने पिता की मेहनत के बल पर वह आठवीं कक्षा तक पहुँचा

Question 2.
इस स्कूल में पढ़ता था बेटा
Answer:
कॉन्वेंट स्कूल में

उपर्युक्त गदयांश से ऐसे प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिसका उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हों

Question 1.
साइकिल
Answer:
बेटा पिता जी के साथ किस पर सवार होकर स्कूल गया था?

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
धारा का बहाव या वेग
Answer:
धाराप्रवाह

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. धूप x ……..
2. मेहनत x ………

Answer:

1. धूप x छाँव
2. मेहनत x आलस

निम्नलिखित शब्द में से प्रत्यय अलग कीजिए।

Question 1.
अंग्रेजियत
Answer:
प्रत्यय : इयत

Question 1.
‘क्या कॉन्वेंट की पढ़ाई मातृभाषा की पढ़ाई से श्रेष्ठ है?’ इस कथन के संदर्भ में अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
आज हम एक नए दौर में जी रहे हैं, जहाँ सर्वत्र अंग्रेजियत का बोलबाला है। चारों ओर कॉन्वेंट स्कूल खुल रहे हैं। पढ़ाई हम कॉन्वेंट स्कूल में करें या अपनी मातृभाषा में। आखिर पड़ाई, पढ़ाई ही होती है। कॉन्वेंट में पढ़कर हमारी अंग्रेजी धाराप्रवाह बनती है। फिर भी यदि कोई बच्चा अपनी मातृभाषा में पढ़ाई करना है तो वह अधिक खुलकर अपने भावों को अभिव्यक्त कर सकता है।

ये बच्चों के ऊपर निर्भर है कि उसे कौन-सी भाषा के माध्यम से पढ़ाई करनी है। अपनी मातृभाषा से पढ़ाई करना छात्रों को सहज और सरल लगता है। इसमें किसी विशेष भाषा में ज्ञान प्राप्त करना किसी को श्रेष्ठ नहीं बनाता। अत: ऐसा हम नहीं कह सकते कि कॉन्वेंट की पढ़ाई मातृभाषा की पढ़ाई से श्रेष्ठ है।

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

सही विकल्प चुनकर वाक्य फिर से लिखिए।

Question 1.
रमन की वर्षगाँठ ने बेटे को ……. महीने से बेचैन कर दिया था। (तीन, दो, एक)
Answer:
रमन की वर्षगाँठ ने बेटे को एक महीने से बेचैन कर दिया था।

Question 2.
एक बार पूरी क्लास ……. पर जा रही थी। (पिकनिक, सैर, प्राकृतिक स्थल)
Answer:
एक बार पूरी क्लास पिकनिक पर जा रही थी।

पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. जिद
2. क्लास
3. वर्षगाँठ
4. खुशी

Answer:

1. हठ
2. क्षा
3. जन्मदिन
4. प्रसन्नता

गद्यांश में से ऐसे दो शब्द ढूंढकर लिखिए कि जिनके वचन परिवर्तित नहीं होते।
Answer:
पिता
घर

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. नालायक x ………
2. अंदर x ………

Answer:

1. नालायक x लायक
2. अंदर x बाहर

निम्नलिखित शब्द से उपसर्ग को अलग कीजिए।

Question 1.
नालायक
Answer:
उपसर्ग : ना

उचित प्रत्यय लगाइए।

1. वर्ष
2. लड़का

Answer:

1. प्रत्यय : इक : वार्षिक
2. प्रत्यय : पन : लड़कपन

Question 1.
अपने जीवन में पिता की महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका’ पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
प्रत्येक बच्चे के जीवन में पिता की महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका होती है। पिता अपने बच्चे पर संस्कार करता है। वह बच्चे के अच्छे कार्यों की सराहना करता है। यदि बच्चे द्वारा कुछ गलत कार्य किया गया है तो वह उसे डाँटता भी है। यदि बच्चा बार-बार समझाने पर अपनी जिद पर अड़ा रहे तो वह उसे पहले समझाता है और यदि नहीं माने तो कठोर भूमिका भी अपनाता है। अपने तथा उसका भविष्य उज्ज्वल बनाने के लिए वह उसे अच्छे से अच्छे स्कूल में दाखिल कराता है।

वह अपने बच्चे का हमेशा मार्गदर्शन करता रहता है और अपने बच्चे की भलाई के लिए उसके हर कार्य पर नियंत्रण रखता है। इस प्रकार एक पिता अपने बच्चे के जीवन में सकारात्मक भूमिका निभाता है।

निम्नलिखित गलत वाक्य सही करके फिर से लिखिए।

Question 1.
पिता जी ने लड़के के गाल पर दवा लगाई।
Answer:
माँ ने लड़के के गाल पर दवा लगाई।

Question 2.
प्यार में पिता जी ने लड़के के गाल पर एक तमाचा लगाया।
Answer:
गुस्से में पिता जी ने एक भरपूर थप्पड़ लड़के के गाल पर जड़ दिया।

किसने, किससे कहा?

Question 1.
“तुम्हारे दोस्त का जन्मदिन है।”
Answer:
लड़के के पिता ने रमन के पिता को बताया।

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.
इन अपशब्दों का प्रयोग लड़के ने अपने मन में अपने पिता के लिए किया
Answer:
झूठे, मक्कार, और निर्दयी

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
लड़के का दिमाग गुस्से से पागल हो गया।
Answer:
क्योंकि उसके पिता ने रमन के पिता को झूठ बताया कि सीढ़ियों से गिरने के कारण लड़के के गाल पर निशान आए हैं।

Question 2.
लड़के को रमन के जन्मदिन पर भिजवा दिया गया।
Answer:
क्योंकि उसके पिता के साथ उसकी माँ लड़ पड़ी और पिता को भी पछतावा हो रहा था।

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. झूठा x …………
2. निर्दयी x ………

Answer:

1. झूठा x सच्चा
2. निर्दयी x दयावान

समानार्थी शब्द लिखिए।

1. गुस्सा
2. दोस्त

Answer:

1. क्रोध
2. मित्र

अनेक शब्द के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

1. वह दिन जिसमें किसी ने जन्म लिया हो
2. जिसके दिल में दया न हो

Answer:

1. जन्मदिन
2. निर्दयी

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढकर लिखिए।
Answer:
रोना-चिल्लाना
आते-आते

लिंग बदलिए।

1. लड़का
2. पापा

Answer:

1. लड़की
2. मम्मी

स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
क्या हर बात पर अपने माता-पिता से जिद करना सही है? अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
प्रत्येक माता-पिता अपने बच्चे का भला चाहते हैं। दुनिया में ऐसे माता-पिता नहीं है; जो अपने बच्चों का बुरा चाहते है। वे यदि कहीं जाने के लिए मना करते हैं, तो उसके पीछे उनका कोई-न-कोई कारण अवश्य होगा। वे जो भी निर्णय लेते हैं, वह अपने बच्चे की भलाई को ध्यान में रखकर लेते हैं। वे नहीं चाहते कि छोटी-सी गलती के कारण उनके बच्चों को किसी संकट या परेशानी का सामना करना पड़े। ऐसे में यदि कोई माता-पिता बच्चों द्वारा की जाने वाली जिद जैसी अन्य प्रतिक्रियाओं पर नाराज होते हैं, तो इसका यह अर्थ नहीं है कि वे अपने बच्चों से प्यार नहीं करते। इसलिए हर बात पर अपने माता-पिता के सामने जिद करना सही नहीं है।

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.
वे नहीं मनाते थे लड़के का जन्मदिन
Answer:
लड़के के माता पित

Question 2.
पिता जी द्वारा मिली झिड़की का नतीजा
Answer:
लड़के के मन में उपेक्षा व आक्रोश और भी बढ़ा दिया।

Question 3.
उपेक्षा व आक्रोश का स्थान इसने ले लिया
Answer:
विद्रोह ने ।

Question 4.
इनसे चिढ़ हो गई थी लड़के को
Answer:
पढ़ाई व पिता जी से ।

उपर्युक्त गद्यांश से ऐसे दो प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिनके उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हों

1. पर्यायवाची
2. शालू

Answer:

1. लड़के के लिए पिता जी और पढ़ाई एक-दूसरे के क्या बन गए थे?
2. लड़के की छोटी बहन का नाम क्या था?

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
लड़के के घर में तंगहाली और भी बढ़ गई।
Answer:
क्योंकि उसके घर में उसकी छोटी बहन के जन्म के बाद छोटे भाई मंटू का आगमन हुआ।

Question 2.
लड़का दुस्साहसी हो गया।
Answer:
पिता जी बात-बात पर उसे पीटते थे। इसी कारण पिटने का डर उसके दिमाग से काफूर हो गया और वह दुस्साहसी हो गया। कृतिक

शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढकर लिखिए।
Answer:
धीरे-धीरे
एक-दूसरे
बात-बात
ढेर-के-ढेर

निम्नलिखित शब्द मानक वर्तनी के अनुसार लिखिए।

Question 1.
किये गये
Answer:
किए गए

वचन बदलिए।

1. बहन
2. झिड़की

Answer:

1. बहनें
2. झिड़कियाँ

नीचे दिए हुए शब्दों के पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. तंगहाली
2. काफूर
3. घर
4. दिमाग

Answer:

1. दुर्दशा
2. गायब
3. गृह
4. समझ

अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
तंगहाल होने की अवस्था –
Answer:
तंगहाली

Question 2.
दुस्साहस करने वाला
Answer:
दुस्साहसी

Question 1.
माता-पिता की आकांक्षाओं से दबकर बालक-बालिकाओं की लालसाएँ दम तोड़ देती हैं।’ कञ्चन के बारे में अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
बच्चे मन के सच्चे होते हैं। उन्हें अधिक अनुशासन में रखना उचित नहीं होता। हमेशा उन पर निगाह रखना या बार-बार टोकने या मारने से बच्चे और भी जिद्दी हो जाते हैं। मौका मिलते ही वे विद्रोह करने में भी पीछे नहीं हटते। इसके साथ माता-पिता को उनकी उपेक्षा भी नहीं करनी चाहिए। यदि बच्चे तीन या चार चीजों की मांग करते हैं, तो कम-से-कम उनकी एक ख्वाहिश उनके माता-पिता को पूर्ण करनी चाहिए।

यदि माता-पिता अपनी आकांक्षा एवं विचार बच्चों को जबरदस्ती अपनाने के लिए मजबूर करेंगे, तो ऐसे में वे अधिक हावी हो जाएँगे और विद्रोह करने के लिए तैयार हो जाएंगे। यदि वे विद्रोह नहीं करेंगे, तो बार-बार मन में सोचते रहेंगे। इससे उनके मन में माता-पिता के प्रति दुश्मनी का भाव निर्माण हो जाएगा। बच्चे माता-पिता की आकांक्षाओं से दबकर स्वयं को अकेला महसूस करने लगे और इससे उनके मन में नकारात्मक भावना पनपने लगेगी।

एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखिए ।

Question 1.
इससे लड़के को शत्रुता हो गई
Answer:
पढ़ाई से

Question 2.
इनसे बदला लेना चाहता था लड़का
Answer:
पिताजी से

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
लड़के को स्वयं का कैरियर चौपट करने में मजा मिलता।
Answer:
क्योंकि वह अपने पिता से बदला लेना चाहता था और उन्हें नीचा दिखाना चाहता था।

Question 2.
लड़का अपमान से तिलमिला गया।
Answer:
क्योंकि पिछले साल से अच्छे नंबर लाने पर भी उसके पिता जी खुश नहीं हुए और उन्होंने उसे ‘थर्ड का थर्ड ही रहेगा’ ऐसे तीखे शब्दों में अपमानित किया।

निम्नलिखित गलत बाक्य सही करके फिर से लिखिए।

Question 1.
लड़के की रिपोर्ट देखकर पिता जी खुश हो जाते।
Answer:
लड़के की रिपोर्ट देखकर पिता जी खीझ जाते।

Question 2.
लड़के की पांचवीं कक्षा में तीसरी पोजीशन थी।
Answer:
लड़के की पांचवीं कक्षा में सातवीं पोजीशन थी।

किसने, किससे कहा?

Question 1.
“कह तो ऐसे रहे हो जैसे फर्स्ट ही आओगे।”
Answer:
पिता ने लड़के से कहा।

Question 2.
“अगले साल मैं फेल होऊँगा फेल।”
Answer:
लड़के ने अपने मन में सोचा।

शब्द समूह के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
ग्रहों के घूमने का वक़ मार्ग
Answer:
कक्षा

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. अगले x ……
2. खुश x ……..

Answer:

1. अगले x पिछले
2. खुश x नाखुश

गद्यांश में से विदेशी शब्द ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:
कैरियर, फर्स्ट, पोजीशन

निम्नलिखित शब्द में उचित प्रत्यय लगाइए।

1. अपमान
2. आसान

Answer:

1. अपमानित : प्रत्यय : इत
2. आसानी : प्रत्यय : ई

कृति च (४) स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
‘प्रत्येक माता-पिता को अपने बच्चों की खुशी में सम्मिलित होना चाहिए।’ कथन के संदर्भ में अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
बच्चे संवेदनशील होते हैं। यदि कोई उनका अपमान करें या उनकी उपेक्षा करें, तो इसे भूल पाना उनके लिए असंभव हो जाता है। यदि वे कुछ अच्छा काम करते हैं, तो प्रत्येक माता-पिता को उनके अच्छे कार्य की सराहना करनी चाहिए। उन्हें सकारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया देकर उनकी खुशी में शरीक होना चाहिए। यदि कोई माता-पिता अपने बच्चों द्वारा किए गए अच्छे कार्यों से प्रसन्न नहीं होते हैं और उनका आत्मविश्वास अधिक मजबूत करने के बजाय उन्हें निराश करते हैं, तो बच्चे स्वभाव से विद्रोही बनते है। इसलिए उनकी खुशी में सम्मिलित होकर उनकी प्रशंसा करनी चाहिए।

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
लड़के को शालू चमची से चिढ़ हो गई है।
Answer:
क्योंकि उसने थोड़ी बड़ी होने के साथ पिता जी कहना मानना और डरना शुरू कर दिया है।

Question 2.
लड़के को मंटू के रोते रहने देने में शांति मिलती है।
Answer:
क्योंकि पिता जी उससे बहुत प्यार करते हैं।

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.
परीक्षा में फर्स्ट आना इनकी उपलब्धि होगी
Answer:
लड़के के पिता जी की।

Question 2.
इस काम पर लड़के को लगा देना चाहते है उसके पिता
Answer:
कुली-कबाड़ी के काम पर।

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. काम
2. परीक्षा

Answer:

1. कार्य
2. इम्तिहान

वचन बदलिए।

1. घड़ी
2. उपलब्धि

Answer:

1. घड़ियाँ
2. उपलब्धियाँ

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. पास x ………….
2. उपलब्धि x ………

Answer:

1. पास x दूर
2. उपलब्धि x अनुपलब्धि

शांति शब्द में उचित उपसर्ग का प्रयोग कीजिए।

Question 1.
उपसर्ग : अ
Answer:
उपसर्ग युक्त शब्द : अशांति

‘यदि आप लड़के की जगह पर होते तो क्या करते?’ अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
यदि मैं लड़के की जगह पर होता तो उस लड़के की जैसी हरकतें नहीं करता। पिता जी की आर्थिक परेशानियाँ समझने की कोशिश करता। अपनी ख्वाहिशों पर नियंत्रण रखता। मन लगाकर पढ़ाई करता और सड़क पर आवारा दोस्तों के साथ मटरगश्ती करने में अपना समय नहीं गंवाता। अपने छोटे भाई बहनों के साथ प्यार से पेश आता। एक अच्छा पुत्र बनकर अपने पिता जी की हर बात का पालन करता।

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Answer:

निम्नलिखित गलत वाक्य सही करके फिर से लिखिए।

Question 1.
पिता बेटे से संधि चाहते थे।
Answer:
बेटा पिता से संधि चाहता था।

Question 2.
पिता की खुशी का पारावार न था।
Answer:
माँ की खुशी का पारावार न था।

किसने, किससे कहा?

Question 1.
मैं संधि चाहता हूँ।
Answer:
यह वाक्य लड़के ने अपने मन ही मन में कहा।

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.
माँ की खुशी का पारावार न था
Answer:
क्योंकि उसके बेटे को अपनी गलती का एहसास हो गया था। वह पछता रहा था। उसे पिता जी की दशा पर मन-ही-मन दुख हो रहा था।

Question 2.
बेटे ने पिता जी का ऐसा रूप पहले कभी नहीं देखा था
Answer:
बेहद निराश एवं आकुल-व्याकुल रूप

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. संधि x ………..
2. निराश x ………..

Answer:

1. संधि x विच्छेद
2. निराश x प्रसन्न

समानार्थी शब्द लिखिए।

1. संधि
2. नुक्कड़
3. दशा
4. क्षमा

Answer:

1. मिलन
2. गली
3. अवस्था
4. माफी

अनेक शब्द के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
जो शब्दरहित हो
Answer:
निःशब्द

गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढकर लिखिए।

Question 1.
जो शब्दरहित हो।
Answer:
आकुल-व्याकुल, गरजेंगे-दहाड़ेंगे

Question 2.
‘वही जीवन में प्रगति कर पाता है। जिसे अपनी गलती का एहसास होता है। अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
जिससे गलती होती है वह भी इंसान ही होता है। जाने-अनजाने में काम करते समय इंसान से गलती हो जाती है। जैसे कि गुस्सा आने पर इंसान एक-दूसरे को आवेश में आकर कुछ भी कह देता है। कभी बच्चे बचपन में, जाने-अनजाने में, घर से पैसे चुराना, माता-पिता के डाँटने पर उनके प्रति नकारात्मक सोच करना आदि गलतियाँ करते रहते हैं। लेकिन व्यक्ति को उस वक्त तो नहीं, पर बाद में उस पर विचार करना चाहिए और स्वयं की गलती को स्वीकारना चाहिए।

जिस व्यक्ति को अपनी गलती का एहसास हो जाता है । वह फिर से दोबारा वह गलती नहीं करता। वह कार्य करने से पहले सावधानी बरतता है। आखिर, ऐसा व्यक्ति जीवन में प्रगति कर लेता है।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 4.1 Please Listen Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 4.1 Please Listen!

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 4.1 Please Listen! Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. Form groups of 6-8. One person (leader) chooses one item – a picture, a paragraph or a lesson from any one of the 9th standard textbooks and writes the reference on a piece of paper and folds it. Others ask him/her questions and try to guess what it is, from his/her answers. Example: (The leader thinks and writes something on a piece of paper. He folds it and keeps it on the table. Others ask questions.)

Question 1.
Is it something from social studies?
Answer:
No.

Question 2.
From Science or Maths?
Answer:
No.

Question 3.
Languages?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 4.
From the English Kumarbharati?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 5.
A prose lesson?
Answer:
No.

Question 6.
A nature poem?
Answer:
No.

Question 7.
Is it in the first unit?
Answer:
No.

Question 8.
Second unit?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 9.
Inspirational poem?
Answer:
Yes.

Invictus!!
Leader shows the folded paper; answer is Invictus!

Agreements and Disagreements.

2. Form pairs. List the things on which you ! have the same opinion and also the ones on which you have different opinions. Prepare a list of ten things in all and see how far you agree or disagree with your friend. Some useful phrases are given alongside.

Question 1.
Form pairs. List the things on which you ! have the same opinion and also the ones on which you have different opinions. Prepare a list of ten things in all and see how far you agree or disagree with your friend. Some useful phrases are given alongside.
You could talk about:

1. Clothes, latest fashion.
2. Performance of sportsmen and women.
3. Trafficll’ransport in your area.
4. Cleanliness and hygiene in your area.
5. Future occupations/Careers.
6. Latest news items.
7. TV programmes
8. Mobile Apps
9. Any subject of your choice.

English Workshop:

1. The poet uses a free, conversational style in his poem. It is also called Colloquial style. Pick out and write down such lines or expressions that support the above statement.

Question 1.
The poet uses a free, conversational style in his poem. It is also called Colloquial style. Pick out and write down such lines or expressions that support the above statement.
(a) ………………………. You have not done what I asked.
(b) ……………………………………………………………………..
(c) ……………………………………………………………………..
(d) ……………………………………………………………………..
(e) ……………………………………………………………………..
(f) ……………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) You have not done what I asked.
(b) You are trampling on my feelings.
(c) All that I ask is that you listen.
(d) When you do something for me that I can and need to do for myself, you contribute to my fear and inadequacy.
(e) But when you accept as a simple fact that I feel what I feel.
(f) then I can stop trying to convince you have not done what I asked.

2. Put the following expressions in a table of Dos and Don’ts as expressed by the poet.

Question 1.
Put the following expressions in a table of Dos and Don’ts as expressed by the poet.
(a) Please listen.
(b) give me advice.
(c) tell me why.
(d) solve my problem
(e) just hear me.
(f) accept as a simple fact
(g) contribute to my fear
(h) wait a minute

Answer:

Dos	Don’ts
1. please listen	1. give me advice
2. just hear me	2. tell me why
3. accept my feelings as a simple fact	3. solve my problem
4. wait a minute	4. contribute to my fear

3. Write in your own words.

Question a.
What does the listener do when the poet asks him to just listen? Give 3 points.
Answer:
When the poet asks the listener to just listen, the listener either:

1. gives advice
2. tells him why he shouldn’t feel that way, or
3. tries to solve the; poet’s problem.

Question b.
Why does the poet remark that advice is cheap?
Answer:
The poet remarks that advice is cheap because everyone is willing to give advice. You only had to write to the agony column of any newspaper with your problems and you could get advice from the columnists. You had to spend just 20 cents to buy the paper.

Question c.
Which two facts show that the poet is confident of overcoming his irrational feelings?
Answer:
The two facts that show that the poet ; is confident of overcoming his irrational feelings 5 are : first, he says he will understand what is behind these feelings. Second, he says that when the answers become obvious, he will not need any advice.

4. According to the poet, how does God help people when they pray to Him for help?

Question 1.
According to the poet, how does God help people when they pray to Him for help?
Answer:
According to the poet, God doesn’t try to give advice or fix things. He is silent and let’s one work things out by oneself. That is how God helps people when they pray to Him for help.

5. Why should one learn to tackle one’s problems by one’s own self?

Question 1.
Why should one learn to tackle one’s problems by one’s own self?
Answer:
When one tackles one’s problems by oneself, one overcomes feelings of fear and inadequacy. Hence one should learn to tackle one’s problems by one’s own self.

6. Why should seniors not over-protect or over-pamper juniors?

Question 1.
Why should seniors not over-protect or over-pamper juniors?
Answer:
If seniors over-protect or over-pamper juniors, the juniors will be unable to stand on their own feet and face the world. They will not be able to overcome their feelings of fear and inadequacy. They will not become confident. Hence, seniors should not over-protect or over-pamper juniors.

7. Find out and write down some proverbs/ axioms/quotations that convey a message similar to ‘Self-help is the best help.’

Question 1.
Find out and write down some proverbs/ axioms/quotations that convey a message similar to ‘Self-help is the best help.’
Answer:
Examples:

1. God helps those who help themselves.
2. Self-help is the root of all success.

8. Maintain a diary for at least a week. Write about your interactions with other people in your surroundings in 3-4 lines. Also write whether you find the interactions happy – unhappy, satisfactory – unsatisfactory, enjoyable – stressful, etc.

Question 1.
Maintain a diary for at least a week. Write about your interactions with other people in your surroundings in 3-4 lines. Also write whether you find the interactions happy – unhappy, satisfactory – unsatisfactory, enjoyable – stressful, etc.
Answer:
Jan. 1: Today is New Year’s day. Holiday for J everyone. Mummy baked a yummy cake. I helped her. Papa and I went for a long walk in the park. Have made heaps of resolutions. Intend to keep every one of them. Am full of determination. Have decided to ‘ ask Seemadidi for help. A wonderful day!

Jan. 2: Not such a good day. Broke my first resolution. Overslept and had to rush to school with my shoes in my hand! Luckily my homework was all done. Kept my resolution of doing my studies before going out to play football. Had an argument with Sahil on the ground. But it ended well.

9. Write an informal letter from a teenager to his/her parent expressing a few thoughts from the poem.

Question 1.
Write an informal letter from a teenager to his/her parent expressing a few thoughts from the poem.
Answer:
Room No. 3
Ladies’ Hostel
Aundh Road
Pune – 411 007.
14th October, 2020

Dearest Mom,

Hi! Sorry, sorry, dear Mom. Are you surprised to see this letter? I wanted to talk to you about this, but then I thought I will be able to express myself better in a letter.

Mom, when I told you about the problems I was having 1 with my roommate here at the hostel, I only wanted j you to listen. I knew I was being irrational at times, and I was trying to understand this feeling. It would have taken me some time, but I would have finally got things sorted out on my own. I’m sorry, but I did not need advice, or any solutions. Now I’ve solved my problem and I am at peace.

I’m sorry, Mom, if I’ve hurt you by snapping at your good intentions. But I’m learning. I still need your support, but I have to make my own way in this world, and this is the first step. Please try to understand this.

Love you always.
Your loving daughter,
Ananya

10. Read aloud a couple of stanzas of the poem j ‘Invictus’ and ‘Please Listen’. In what ways do j they differ? Think and fill up the table with a ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.

Question 1.
Read aloud a couple of stanzas of the poem ‘Invictus’ and ‘Please Listen’. In what ways do j they differ? Think and fill up the table with a ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.

‘Invictus’ is an example of Traditional Poetry. ‘Please Listen’ is an example of Free Verse.
Answer:

	Invictus	Please Listen
1. Rhyming lines	Yes	No
2. Steady rhythm	Yes	No
3. Uniformity in length of lines	Yes	No
4. Uniformity in number of lines in each stanza	Yes	No
5. Figurative language	Yes	No
6. Example of	Traditional poetry	Free verse

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 4.1 Please Listen Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Say whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. The poet wants advice from the listener – False
2. The poet wants sympathy from the listener – False
3. The poet wants solutions from the listener – False
4. The poet wants the listener to listen to him silently – True

Complex Factual Activity.

Question 1.
How old is the speaker in the poem?
Answer:
The speaker must be a teenager or a young person who is impatient and does not want advice or solutions.

Question 2.
Who is he/she talking to?
Answer:
He /She is talking to someone older a parent or a friend.

Activities based on Poetic Devices.

Question 1.
Pick out the two verbs that are repeated ; throughout the extract.
Answer:
The verbs ‘ask’ and ‘listen’ are repeated throughout the extract.

Question 2.
What style is the poem written in?
Answer:
The poem is written in the conversational or colloquial style.

Simple Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks with the correct words:
Answer:
1. The poet says that he may be discouraged and faltering, but he is not helpless.
2. The poet accepts that he has irrational feelings.

Complex Factual Activities.

Question 1.
Is the speaker aware of his shortcomings?
Answer:
Yes, the speaker is aware of his/her shortcomings.

Question 2.
What must have happened before the speaker says all this?
Answer:
The speaker must have had some emotional stress and problems, some feelings that he/she could not find reasonable explanations for.

Activities based on Poetic Devices.

Question 1.
Is there any figurative language in the poem?
Answer:
No, there is not much figurative language in the poem.

Simple Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)

Think discuss and answer:

Question a.
Does he/she want to improve?
Answer:
Yes, he/she wants to improve.

Question b.
Is he/she confident that he/she can improve?
Answer:
Yes, he/she is confident that he/she can improve.

Question c.
How does he/she want to work it out?
Answer:
He/She wants to work it out on his/her own.

Question d.
Is the poet willing to listen to others?
Answer:
Yes, the poet is willing to listen to others.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Discuss how you can be a good listener.
Answer:
To be a good listener, we must pay attention to what a person is saying without interruption. We must only listen and not try to form replies and counter-arguments in our own mind. We must also nod and show correct expressions to encourage the speaker.

Activities based on Poetic Devices:

Question 1.
The poet uses a free, conversational style in his poem. It is also called Colloquial style. Pick out and write down such lines or expressions that support the above statement.
Answer:
1. So please listen, and just hear me
2. And if you want to talk, wait a minute for your turn – and I will listen to you.

Question 2.
Comment upon the length of lines and the number of lines in each stanza.
Answer:
There is no uniformity in the length of lines or the number of lines in each stanza. It appears as if the poem has first been written in prose and then broken up into separate lines.

Point Format (for understanding).

• Title: Please Listen!
• Poet: Unknown (anonymous)
• Rhyme Scheme: The poem is in free verse. Hence there is no rhyme scheme.
• Figure of Speech: Repetition. ‘When I ask you to listen to me’. This line has been repeated in the poem for emphasis.
• Theme/Central idea: The poet tells us how he just wishes that people would listen to a person’s problems silentiy, instead of giving advice.

The poet is confident that he will find out the reasons behind his irrational feelings and then he will be able to solve his problems by himself. He feels that prayers probably work because God just listens to us silently when we pray and then lets us work things out ourselves. Through the poem, the poet implies that we too should work things out ourselves when we are faced with difficulties or have some irrational feelings.

Paragraph Format.

The poem ‘Please Listen!’ is written by an unknown poet (anonymous).

The poem is in free verse. Hence there is no rhyme scheme. There are not many figures of speech. The important Figure of Speech is Repetition: ‘When I ask you to listen to me’. This line has been repeated in the poem for emphasis.

The poet tells us how he just wishes that people would listen to a person’s problems silently, instead of giving advice. The poet is confident that he will find out the reasons behind his irrational feelings and then he will be able to solve his problems by himself. He feels that prayers probably work because God just listens to us silently when we pray and then lets us work things out ourselves. Through the poem, the poet implies that we too should work things out ourselves when we are faced with difficulties or have some irrational feelings.

Vocabulary Focus.

Question 1.
What is the difference between ‘hear’ and ‘listen’?
Answer:

1. ‘To hear’ means to receive with the ear the sound made by someone or something; to be aware of some sound.
2. ‘To listen’ means to consciously give one’s attention to a sound and try to understand it.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 7 स्‍वराज्‍य मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Hindi Solutions Chapter 7 स्‍वराज्‍य मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 8 Solutions Chapter 7 स्‍वराज्‍य मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है Textbook Questions and Answers

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ करो:

विधानों को पढ़कर गलत विधानों को सही करके लिखो:

Question 1.
टिळक जी ने कहा है कि, वे यद्यपि शरीर से जवान है किंतु उत्साह में बूढ़े हैं।
Answer:
टिळक जी ने कहा है कि, वे यद्यपि शरीर से जवान है किंतु उत्साह में बूढ़े हैं – गलत
सही वाक्य: टिळक जी ने कहा है कि वे यद्यपि शरीर से बूढ़े हैं किंतु उत्साह में जवान हैं।

Question 2.
प्रांतीय सम्मेलन अंग्रेजों की देन है।
Answer:
प्रांतीय सम्मेलन अंग्रेजों की देन है – गलत
सही वाक्य: प्रांतीय सम्मेलन कांग्रेस की देन है।

टिप्पणी लिखो:

Question 1.
लोकमान्य टिळक
होमरूल
Answer:
लोकमान्य तिलक: लोकमान्य तिलक भारतीय स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन के प्रमुख नेता थे। वे कांग्रेस के अध्यक्ष थे। उन्होंने भारत को आजाद कराने के लिए सभी भारतीयों को एकता में सूत्र में बाँधने के लिए भरसक कोशिश की थी। ‘स्वराज्य मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है’ यह उनका प्रमुख नारा था। उन्होंने अंग्रेजों को भारत छोड़ने के लिए कहा था। उन्होंने पूर्ण स्वराज्य की माँग की थी।

होमरूल लीग: भारत को आजाद कराने के लिए तिलक जी ने भारत में ‘होमरूल लीग’ की स्थापना की थी। होमरूल लीग का एक ही उद्देश्य था, भारत को स्वतंत्र कराना। होमरूल के पीछे छिपी भावना अमर और अविनाशी थी। वह अहिस्ता-अहिस्ता अपना कार्य कर रही थी।

उत्तर लिखो:

Question 1.
लोकमान्य टिळक जी द्वारा दिया गया नारा:
Answer:
स्वराज्य मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है।

कृति पूर्ण करो:

Question 1.

Answer:

भाषा बिंद।

Question 1.
पाँच-पाँच सहायक और प्रेरणार्थक क्रियाओं का अपने स्वतंत्र वाक्यों में प्रयोग करो।
Answer:
सहायक क्रिया:

1. चुकना : पिता जी अखबार पढ़ चुके हैं।
2. लगना : माताजी खाना बनाने लगी।
3. रहना : वे सिनेमा देख रहे हैं।
4. सकना : वह अपना काम समय पर कर सका।
5. चाहना : उसने अपना काम करना चाहा।

प्रेरणार्थक क्रियाः

1. पढ़वाना: अध्यापक छात्रों से पाठ पढ़वाते हैं।
2. लिखवाना : सीता अपने बच्चों से कविता लिखवाती है।
3. करवाना : माँ ने घर का सारा काम अपने बच्चों से करवाया।
4. खिलवाना : उसने हमें खाना खिलवाया।
5. दिलवाना : राधा ने अपनी बीमार बहन को नर्स के द्वारा औषधि दिलवाई।

उपयोजित लेखन

अपने विद्यालय में आयोजित स्वच्छता अभियान का वृत्तांत लिखिए।
Answer:
दिनांक ३ अक्तूबर, २०१८, मुंबई : इस दिन नूतन विद्यालय मुंबई में स्वच्छता अभियान का आयोजन किया गया था। इस अवसर पर प्रमुख अतिथि के रूप में महात्मा गांधी भवन के संयोजक श्री. रामजी मल्होत्रा उपस्थित थे। विद्यालय की विद्यार्थी प्रमुख कुमारी अंजलि ने पुष्पगुच्छ देकर मुख्य अतिथि महोदय जी का स्वागत किया। स्कूल प्राचार्या श्रीमती लता जी ने स्वच्छता अभियान के अवसर पर सभी छात्राओं को बधाई दी। अतिथि महोदय जी ने भी अपने वक्तव्य में स्वच्छता अभियान का महत्त्व बताया।

उन्होंने गांधीजी अपने जीवन में स्वच्छता को बहुत महत्त्व देते थे और सभी को स्वच्छ रहने के लिए प्रेरित करते थे, इस तथ्य से सभी को अवगत कराया। इसके उपरांत कक्षा सातवीं से लेकर कक्षा दसवीं तक के सभी छात्रों ने विद्यालय के आस-पास का परिसर स्वच्छ करने हेतु अपने अपने हाथों में बुहारी, झाडू आदि वस्तुएँ लेकर अपने कार्य को आरंभ किया। स्वच्छता अभियान में सभी शिक्षकों ने भी हिस्सा लिया। सभी ने मिलकर विद्यालय के आस-पास पड़ा हुआ कूड़ा-कचरा ही साफ नहीं किया. बल्कि लोगों को स्वच्छता के महत्व के बारे में अवगत भी कराया। इस तरह दोपहर के १२ बजे स्वच्छता अभियान का समापन हुआ।

स्वयं अध्ययन

पाठ में प्रयुक्त उद्धरण, सुवचन, मुहावरे, कहावतें, आलंकारिक शब्द आदि की सूची बनाकर अपने लेखन प्रयोग हेतु संकलन करो।

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 8 Solutions Chapter 7 स्‍वराज्‍य मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।
कृति क (१) आकलन कृति

उचित जोड़ियाँ लगाइए।

Answer:
i – ग
ii – घ
iii – क
iv – ख

तुलना कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

निम्नलिखित गलत विधान को सही करके लिखिए।

Question 1.
तिलक ने कहा है कि, “वे यद्यपि शरीर से जवान है किंतु उत्साह में बूढ़े हैं।”
Answer:
तिलक ने कहा है कि, “वे यद्यपि शरीर से बूढे है किंतु उत्साह में जवान हैं।”

उपर्युक्त गद्यांश से ऐसे दो प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिनके उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हों –

1. आत्मा
2. स्वराज्य

Answer:

1. अमर कौन होती है?
2. हमारा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार कौन-सा है?

उत्तर लिखिए।

Question 1.
लोकमान्य तिलक द्वारा दिया गया नारा
Answer:
‘स्वराज्य मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है।

निम्नलिखित शब्द के तत्सम रूप लिखिए।

Question 1.
आग
Answer:
अग्नि

निम्नलिखित शब्द मानक वर्तनी के अनुसार लिखिए।

1. जन्मसिध्द
2. जरजर

Answer:

1. जन्मसिद्ध
2. जर्जर

वचन बदलिए।

1. गतिविधि
2. भावना

Answer:

1. गतिविधियाँ
2. भावनाएँ

नीचे दिए हुए शब्दों के पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. अधिकार
2. शरीर

Answer:

1. हक
2. देह

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से विलोम शब्द की जोड़ी ढूँढकर लिखिए।
Answer:
बूढ़ा युवा

Question 2.
‘स्वराज्य प्रत्येक व्यक्ति का जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है।’कश्चन के संदर्भ में अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
हम सब लोकतांत्रिक देश में रहते हैं। लोकतांत्रिक देश में रहने वाला प्रत्येक व्यक्ति जन्म से स्वतंत्र होता है। उसके इस अधिकार को कोई छीन नहीं सकता है। यदि ऐसा करने की कोई कोशिश भी करें तो संबंधित व्यक्ति को कानून के द्वारा सख्त सजा हो सकती है। स्वराज्य में स्वतंत्र रूप से अपना जीवन-यापन करने वाला व्यक्ति देश के किसी भी कोने में जा सकता है। वह कोई भी भाषा सीख सकता है। वह किसी भी धर्म का अनुयायी बन सकता है। वह अपनी मर्जी से संविधान में दिए गए नियमों का पालन करते हुए अपने जीवन को स्वतंत्र रूप से जी सकता है।

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
आशुलिपि लेखक व्यस्त थे।
Answer:
क्योंकि वे तिलक के भाषण की नोट्स ले रहे थे।

Question 2.
तिलक आम जनता की आत्मा को जगाना चाहते हैं।
Answer:
क्योंकि कुछ अज्ञानी, स्वार्थी और कुचक्री लोगों ने आम जनता की आँखों पर परदा डाल दिया है।

एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखिए।

Question 1.
राजनीति का विज्ञान इस देश के लिए यह है
Answer:
वेद।

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.
वही राजनीति विज्ञान कहलाता है
Answer:
जिस विज्ञान की परिणति स्वशासन में होती है।

Question 2.
राजनीति विज्ञान के भाग
Answer:
देवी और राक्षसी।

Question 3.
राजनीति विज्ञान के राक्षसी भाग को उचित ठहराने वाला राष्ट्र
Answer:
ईश्वर की दृष्टि में पाप का भागी होता है।

कृति ख (३) शब्द संपदा

Question 1.
कार्यालय का प्रधान अधिकारी
Answer:
अधीक्षक

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. स्वार्थी
2. दैवी
3. उचित
4. पाप

Answer:

1. निस्वार्थी
2. राक्षसी
3. अनुचित
4. पुण्य

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से विदेशी शब्द ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:
कलेक्टर
सी. आय. डी.

निम्नलिखित शब्दों में उचित प्रत्यय लगाइए।

1. ईश्वर
2. विज्ञान

Answer:

1. ईश्वरीय
2. वैज्ञानिक

Question 1.
तिलक जैसे कई महान नेताओं के भाषण सुनकर लोगों की आत्मा जागृत हो गई थीं।’ पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
स्वातंत्र्य पूर्व देश की आजादी के प्रति लोगों में चेतना एवं उनकी आत्मा को जगाने का भरसक प्रयास लोकमान्य तिलक, महात्मा गांधी, सुभाषचंद्र बोस जैसे आदि महान नेताओं ने किया। इन नेताओं के भाषण सुनकर लोग स्वराज्य पाने के लिए एकत्रित हुए। आपसी भेदभाव एवं मतभेद भूलकर उन्होंने देश के लिए अंग्रेजों के खिलाफ संघर्ष किया। इसका परिणाम यह हुआ कि भारत देश आजाद हुआ। इतना ही नहीं बल्कि महान नेताओं के भाषण सुनकर वे इतने प्रभावित हुए कि उन्होंने अंध-विश्वास जैसी बुरी प्रथाओं का त्याग किया। इन नेताओं के भाषण को सुनकर ही नवभारत के निर्माण में लोगों की चेतना जागृत हुई।

कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.

Answer:

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
हमें कठोर प्रयास करना चाहिए।
Answer:
अपने राष्ट्र की आत्मा की रक्षा के लिए हमें कठोर प्रयास करना चाहिए।

सही विकल्प चुनकर रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति कीजिए ।

Question 1.
जो हममें दोष देखते हैं वे …… प्रकृति के लोग हैं। (स्वार्थी, धोखेबाज, लोभी)
Answer:
लोभी

Question 2.
कुछ लोग परम …… ईश्वर में भी दोष देखते हैं। (कृपालु, सर्वशक्तिमान, दयावान)
Answer:
कृपालु

पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. हानि
2. साहस
3. प्रयास
4. परवाह

Answer:

1. नुकसान
2. हिम्मत
3. प्रयत्न
4. चिंता

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से ऐसे दो शब्द ढूँढकर लिखिए जिनके वचन परिवर्तन नहीं होते।
Answer:
देश
हित

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. साहस x ……..
2. ज्ञान x ………

Answer:

1. साहस x डर
2. ज्ञान x अज्ञान

निम्नलिखित शब्दों में उचित उपसर्ग का प्रयोग कीजिए।

1. परवाह
2. शिक्षा

Answer:

1. उपसर्ग : बे : शब्द : वेपरवाह
2. उपसर्ग : अ : शब्द : अशिक्षा

निम्नलिखित शब्दों में उचित प्रत्यय का प्रयोग कीजिए।

1. हानि
2. धर्म

Answer:

1. प्रत्यय : कारक : हानिकारक
2. प्रत्यय : इक : धार्मिक

Question 1.
अपने राष्ट्र की आत्मा की रक्षा के लिए सभी को कठोर प्रयास करना चाहिए।’ कथन के संदर्भ में अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
राष्ट्र से बढ़कर व्यक्ति के लिए दूसरी कोई वस्तु या चीज नहीं हो सकती। राष्ट्र के कारण व्यक्ति को मान, सम्मान, शिक्षा प्राप्त करने का अधिकार एवं स्वतंत्र विचरण करने का अधिकार प्राप्त होता है। राष्ट्र के कारण ही व्यक्ति की राष्ट्रीयता का पता चल पाता है। राष्ट्र के कारण व्यक्ति की अस्मिता की पहचान होती है। अत: सभी के हृदय में राष्ट्र के लिए प्रेम एवं सम्मान की भावना होनी चाहिए। राष्ट्र की संस्कृति, मूल्य, आदर्श, परंपरा एवं साहित्य राष्ट्र की आत्मा हाती है। ये सभी घटक मनुष्य की गरिमा बढ़ाने में स्वयं सिद्ध होते हैं। राष्ट्र ही मनुष्य की आत्मा होती है । अत: राष्ट्र की आत्मा की रक्षा के लिए सभी को कठोर प्रयास करना चाहिए।

निम्नलिखित गलत वाक्य सही करके फिर से लिखिए।

Question 1.
प्रांतीय सम्मेलन अंग्रेजों की देन है।
Answer:
प्रांतीय सम्मेलन कांग्रेस की देन है।

Question 2.
भारत के सहयोग के बिना इंग्लैंड चल सकता है।
Answer:
भारत के सहयोग के बिना इंग्लैंड अब चल नहीं सकता है।

उचित जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए।

Question 1.

Answer:
i – ग
ii – घ
iii – क
iv – ख

Question 2.
भारतीय साम्राज्य के लिए ये जान देने के लिए तैयार हैं –
Answer:
श्रीरामचंद्र
तीस करोड़ लोग

Question 3.
गद्यांश में इस अंग्रेज अधिकारी का नाम आया है
Answer:
जॉर्ज।

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. संभव x ………
2. सहयोग x …….

Answer:

1. संभव x असंभव
2. सहयोग x असहयोग

समानार्थी शब्द लिखिए।

1. बहादुरी
2. राष्ट्र

Answer:

1. वीरता
2. देश

अनेक शब्द के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
जो संविधान से जुड़ा हो
Answer:
संवैधानिक।

Question 2.
ऐसी सभा जिसमें किसी विशिष्ट कार्य या समस्या पर चिंतन होता है।
Answer:
सम्मेलन।

Question 3.
गद्यांश में से विदेशी शब्द ढूँढकर लिखिए।
Answer:
ब्रिटिश
जॉर्ज

Question 4.
‘प्रयास के बिना मानव जीवन सफल नहीं हो सकता।’ अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
प्रयास यानी प्रयत्न करना; कोशिश करना। सफलता की मंजिल प्राप्त करने के लिए व्यक्ति को जीवन में प्रयास करना चाहिए। प्रयासों के बिना व्यक्ति जीवन में ऐसे कई महापुरुषों के उदाहरण मिलेंगे जिन्होंने जीवन में स्वयं की प्रगति कराने हेतु भगीरथ प्रयास किए थे। न्यूटन ने गुरूत्वाकर्षण के सिद्धांत की खोज करने हेतु कई बार प्रयास किए, तब जाकर वह सफल हुआ। आखिर प्रयत्न ही सिद्धि है। विद्यार्थी को भी जीवन में सफल होने हेतु प्रयत्न करने चाहिए। प्रयत्नों के बिना यश की प्राप्ति नहीं हो सकती।