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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Science Solutions Chapter 2 Health and Diseases Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Science Solutions Chapter 2 Health and Diseases

Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Health and Diseases Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Distinguish between- Infectious and non – infectious diseases.

Infectious diseases	Non-infectious diseases
1. The diseases which can be transmitted from one patient to other person are called infectious diseases.	1. The diseases which cannot be transmitted from one patient to other person, are called non-infectious diseases.
2. Contaminated air, water, food or carrier! vector animals or insects spread the infectious diseases.	2. Non-infectious diseases are not transmitted through any medium.
3. infectious diseases are acute diseases as they are suddenly caused due to infections from either bacteria, virus or protozoan. Thus, their symptoms are seen sooner.	3. Some non-infectious diseases are due to hereditary causes, some are a clue to failure in metabolism, some due to deficiency of the nutrients. Their symptoms are not seen suddenly but are developed gradually.
4. Antibiotics or antihelminth medicines are used to treat the infectious diseases. E.g. Tuberculosis, hepatitis, leprosy, cough and cold, etc.	4. Antibiotics cannot be used for treating non-infectious diseases. These diseases have a proper treatment. E.g. Diabetes, cancer, heart diseases, etc.Tuberculosis, hepatitis, leprosy, cough and cold, etc.

2. Identify the odd term. 

Question a.
Malaria, hepatitis, elephantiasis, dengue.
Answer:
Hepatitis (All other diseases are caused by the carrier mosquito.)

Question b.
Plague, AIDS, Cholera, T.B.
Answer:
AIDS [All others are bacterial (caused by bacteria) diseases.]

3. Answer in one to two sentences.

Question a.
Which are various media of spreading the infectious diseases?
Answer:
Infectious diseases spread through contaminated air, water, food, vectors such as insects, animals and man.

Question b.
Give the names of five non-infectious diseases other than given in the lesson.
Answer:
Asthma, cataract, diseases of kidney such as kidney stones and renal failure, arthritis, Alzheimer which is a condition during old age, hypertension, migraine, etc.

Question c.
Which are the main reasons of diabetes and heart diseases?
Answer:
Improper lifestyle, wrong type of diet, lack of exercise, excessive mental stress and strain, imbalance in secretion of hormones, etc. are the main reasons for diabetes and heart diseases.

4. What can be achieved/can be prevented?

Question a.
Drinking boiled and filtered water.
Answer:

1. When water is boiled, all the disease causing pathogens present in it are killed.
2. Different diseases like cholera, enteritis, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis, typhoid are caused by such water-borne pathogens.
3. If we boil the water we are protected against all such diseases.
4. If the i water is filtered we can avoid infections from nematode Dracunculus which causes Naru. By boiling and filtering water, even the epidemics by such infectious diseases can be controlled.

Question b.
Avoiding smoking and alcoholism.
Answer:
1. Smoking and alcoholism are two dangerous habits that cause addictions. Alcoholism causes disorders of liver.
2. The addict suffers from malnourishment.

3. His I mental and psychological conditions become abnormal. There is social and familial) impacts too due to alcoholistn.

4. Smoking is an invitation for cancer. In cigarettes/ bidis, there is hazardous nicotine. Nicotine is not only toxic but is also carcinogenic. Cancers of oral cavity, tongue, respiratory tract, lungs is very common among smokers. Therefore, addictions like smoking and alcoholism should always be avoided.

Question c.
Regular balanced diet and exercise.
Answer:
1. Regular and balanced diet results into perfect health. The disease fighting power or immunity of a person is increased due to healthy diet.
2. One can avoid of frequent infections and also mental well¬being is established.
3. Heart disease, diabetes, obesity, etc. can be avoided by not consuming high caloric junk food.
4. Exercise improves blood circulation. Many disorders which are caused by faulty lifestyle can be prevented by having regular balanced diet and exercise, thus one must always follow these for well-being.

Question d.
Proper checking of blood before blood donation.
Answer:
1. There are definite blood groups.
2. During blood transfusion, the donor’s and recipient’s blood should be well-matched with each other. Otherwise, blood gets clumped inside the body of recipient.
3. Through infected blood, the viruses such as those causing hepatitis B or AIDS are transmitted to other healthy persons. Thus, for prevention of transmission of such diseases, blood should be checked before blood donation.

5. Read the passage and answer the questions.

Master X’ is a 3-year-old child. He is living with his family in a slum. The public toilet is present near his house. His father is drunkard. His mother does not know the importance of balanced diet.

Question a.
Master ‘X’ can suffer from which different possible diseases in above conditions?
Answer:
Master ‘X’ stays in an area which is devoid of cleanliness. The public toilet is near his house. This indicates that he will have to fight against many infectious diseases. Because his father is a drunkard, there will always be a dearth of money in r the house. He may not be able to afford, enough and balanced food. Thus his diet must be deficient in vitamins and minerals.

Moreover, his mother is ignorant about the importance of health and a balanced diet. This must be causing Master ‘X’ malnourishment and loss of immunity. The financial conditions and the addition of the father must be causing stress in the house.

This will further add stress on Master ‘X’ resulting into susceptibility to infections. As it is due to the location the germs are around and thus they may be attacking Master ‘X’. He will on and off suffer from digestive disorders! such as typhoid, hepatitis, cholera, enteritis, etc.

Question b.
How will you help him and his family in this situation?
Answer:
Initially, we shall help Master ‘X’ to procure healthy and balanced diet having fruits, vegetables, milk, etc. His mother will be taught importance of the balanced diet. The surroundings should be clean and hygienic. Food should be covered, houseflies should not be allowed to contaminate the food. Germicidal floor cleaners and disinfectants should be used to keep off the houseflies and cockroaches. His father will be taken to de-addiction centres such as ‘Alcoholics Anonymous’. He will be persuaded to leave alcoholism.

Question c.
Which disease can occur to the i father of master ‘X’?
Answer:
Father of Master ‘X’ can develop diseases of liver and kidney.

6. Give the preventive measures of following diseases:

Question a.
Dengue:
Answer:
Dengue is transmitted through bite of mosquito of Aedes aegypti. DEN-1, 2 virus belonging to the type – flavivirus is the causative pathogen for Dengue. Wherever there is stagnant or accumulated water, there is possibility of mosquito breeding. Therefore, care is to be taken to drain of such water. Thus this is a very important preventive measure. Especially, in the man¬made containers and in clean water, the Aedes mosquito prefers to breed.

Therefore, such water storages should be either covered or should be decanted. Another way to keep off from dengue is to increase our immunity to fight against the virus. There is vaccine called CYD-TDV or Dengvaxia which is synthesised in 2017. But it is still not considered to be completely safe.

Question b.
Cancer:
Answer:
The most important preventive measure is to remain away from the carcinogenic substances. Tobacco, gutkha, cigarette, bidi, etc. are addictive things which are very bad for our health. The nicotine present in these cause cancers of oral cavity and of respiratory system. Radiations can also cause cancer.

We should not expose ourselves to hazardous radiations. Balanced and healthy diet, proper exercise and living stress free with mental balance are some of the preventive measures of the cancer. Only for few types of cancer like cervical cancer in women, vaccine has been developed.

Question c.
AIDS:
Answer:
When blood transfusion is done, the blood should be checked for the presence of HIV. The used syringes, needles, etc. should not be used without sterilization. Through blood and blood products and body fluids HIV finds its way into the body. Therefore, these precautions should be taken. Unsafe sexual contact is the most important mode of transmission of HIV. Thus one should never deal with such dangerous acts. Awareness about AIDS and HIV is the real preventive measure.

7. Explain the importance.

Question a.
Balanced diet.
Answer:
The diet that contains all the nutrients in the balanced proportion is called balanced diet. One can avoid malnutrition by taking balanced diet. The immunity increases due to balanced diet containing good proportion of vitamins and minerals. Some diseases can be avoided due to raised immunity. Wrong lifestyle and wrong diet can cause hypertension, diabetes or heart disease. To maintain our health and keep the body in equilibrium, we have to take balanced diet.

Question b.
Physical exercise/Yogasanas.
Answer:
By exercise and yoga, the blood circulation of body is improved. Body and joints remain flexible. Mental strain and stress is reduced. Insomnia (inability to fall asleep), arthritis, indigestion, and some other disorders can be avoided. The person who performs exercise, always remains away from the addictions. Yoga makes levels of hormones, enzymes, etc. in equilibrium. By keeping control over breathing through pranayama many respiratory and circulatory disorders can be prevented.

8. Make a list. 

Question a.
Viral diseases.
Answer:
AIDS, Hepatitis, Influenza, Rabies, Polio.

Question b.
Bacterial diseases.
Answer:
Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Cholera, Leprosy.

Question c.
Diseases spread through insects.
Answer:
Malaria, Dengue, Elephantiasis.

Question d.
Hereditary diseases.
Answer:
Diabetes, Haemophilia, Muscular dystrophy, Colourblindness.

9. Write the information on modern diagnostics and treatments of cancer.

Question a.
Answer:
1. Following methods are used as diagnostic methods to detect the cancer. Techniques like CT scan, MRI scan, mammography, biopsy.
Treatment of the cancer is done by the following methods:

2. For treatment of cancer, some conventional methods are used. Along with these methods, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery are commonly used to treat cancerous growth and tumours. New and modern techniques of robotic and laparoscopic surgery are also used for the treatment.

10. Enlist the names and composition of the medicines present at your home.

Question 1.
Prepare posters giving information about various diseases, public awareness and arrange exhibition in school.

Question 2.
Visit the public health center/clinic nearby and collect the information about vaccination.

Question 3.
Compose a street-play to increase public awareness about dengue, malaria, swine flu and present ¡tin the area nearby your school.

Project:

Question 1.
Prepare posters giving information about various diseases, public awareness and arrange exhibition in school.

Question 2.
Visit the public health center/clinic nearby and collect the information about vaccination.

Question 3.
Compose a street-play to increase public awareness about dengue, malaria, swine flu and present it in the area nearby your school.

Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Health and Diseases Additional Important Questions and Answers

Rewrite the sentences after filling the blanks:

Question 1.
For eradication of tuberculosis everybody should be vaccinated by …………. vaccine.
Answer:
For eradication of tuberculosis everybody j should be vaccinated by B.C.G vaccine.

Question 2.
Hepatitis B can be transmitted by ………….
Answer:
Hepatitis B can be transmitted by blood transfusion.

Question 3.
For treating diarrhoea/dysentery…………. is given to the patient.
Answer:
For treating diarrhoea/dysentery O.R.S. is given to the patient.

Question 4.
…………. virus is responsible for the infection of swine flu.
Answer:
Influenza A (H1N1) virus is responsible for the infection of swine flu.

Question 5.
…………. mosquito spreads dengue.
Answer:
Aedes aegypti mosquito spreads dengue.

Question 6.
Malaria is caused by female mosquito of …………. genus.
Answer:
Malaria is caused by female mosquito of Anopheles genus.

Question 7.
…………. test is performed on blood to diagnose AIDS.
Answer:
ELISA test is performed on blood to diagnose AIDS.

One word in the following sentences is wrong. Change it to make the sentences correct:

Question 1.
Culex mosquito is seen in clean water.
Answer:
Culex mosquito is seen in dirty water.

Question 2.
Transmission of swine flu is done by dogs and human beings.
Answer:
Transmission of swine flu is done by pigs and human beings.

Question 3.
Hydrophobia is the main symptom of typhoid.
Answer:
Hydrophobia is the main symptom of rabies.

Question 4.
The maximum number of patients of diabetes are found in America.
Answer:
The maximum number of patients of diabetes are found in India.

Question 5.
Generic medicines are also called branded medicines.
Answer:
Generic medicines are also called general medicines.

Question 6.
If the secretion of insulin is increased, then the diabetes is caused.
Answer:
If the secretion of insulin is decreased, then the diabetes is caused.

Question 7.
Virus causing rabies enter the brain through food.
Answer:
Virus causing rabies enter the brain through neurons.

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Bacterial diseases	Bacteria
1. Typhoid	(a) Mycobacterium tuberculi
2. Cholera	(b) Bacillus
3. Diarrhoea	(c) Vibrio choleri
4. Tuberculosis	(d) Salmonella typhi

Answer:

Bacterial diseases	Bacteria
1. Typhoid	(d) Salmonella typhi
2. Cholera	(c) Vibrio choleri
3. Diarrhoea	(b) Bacillus
4. Tuberculosis	(a) Mycobacterium tuberculin

Question 2.

Importance of the day	Date
1. World Diabetes Day	(a) 7th April
2. World Heart Day	(b) 14th June
3. World Blood Donation Day	(c) 29th September
4. World Health Day	(d) 14th November

Answer:

Importance of the day	Date
1. World Diabetes Day	(d) 14th November
2. World Heart Day	(c) 29th September
3. World Blood Donation Day	(b) 14th June
4. World Health Day	(a) 7th April

Identify the odd term:

Question 1.
Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Surgery, Pranayama
Answer:
Pranayama (All others are treatment for cancer.)

Question 2.
Chronic cough, Hoarse voice, Uncontrolled blood sugar level, Difficulty in swallowing.
Answer:
Uncontrolled blood sugar level (All others are symptoms of cancer of throat.)

Question 3.
Mantra, Vaccination, Black magic, Hatred.
Answer:
Vaccination (This is the only way for prevention of diseases. Rest of the others are blind faiths which are unscientific.)

Consider the relation between the items in the first pair and write the correlation for second pair:

1. Swine flu : Virus : :
Tuberculosis : : …………….
Answer:
Bacteria

2. Anopheles : Malaria :
Culex : …………………
Answer:
Elephantiasis

3. Housefly : Typhoid : : Dog : ………….
Answer:
Rabies

4. Decrease in blood platelets : :
Dengue : : Difficulty in breathing : ……………
Answer:
Swine flu

5. Cancer : Laparoscopic surgery : :
Heart disease :……………
Answer:
By-Pass surgery.

Distinguish between the following:

Question 1.
Typhoid and Tuberculosis :
Answer:

Typhoid	Tuberculosis
1. Typhoid is caused by bacteria (Salmonella) that is passed by contaminated food and water and is spread through house flies.	1. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium) which pass through the spittle of the patient.
2. The infection of typhoid is through food or water via the mouth.	2. The infection of tuberculosis is through air via the nose.
3. Typhoid affects stomach and intestine.	3. Tuberculosis affects lungs and chest.
4. There is high fever for specific period in typhoid.	4. There is continuous low grade fever in tuberculosis.
5. There is stomachache and headache in typhoid.	5. There is chest pain in tuberculosis.
6. Vaccination for typhoid is given at the time of suspected epidemic.	6. BCG vaccination is given to all at a young age only.

What can be achieved/can be prevented?/Give reasons.

Question 1.
People suffering from communicable diseases should avoid going to public places.
Answer:

1. Communicable diseases spread when people share space with a diseased person.
2. If people suffering from l communicable diseases go to a public place, they would spread the disease causing germs in the air.
3. These germs can be transmitted to other healthy persons.
4. If the resistance power of the persons is less, they will fall sick by getting infected.
5. This may break into an epidemic. Therefore, people suffering from communicable diseases should avoid going to public places.

Question 2.
Pet animals should be given anti-rabies vaccine.
Answer:

1. We keep animals like cats and dogs at home as pets.
2. They may get infected with the virus of rabies.
3. If such an infected pet bites us, we may also get rabies.
4. Rabies is a lethal disease.
5. In order to protect the animals and to prevent rabies being transmitted, they should be given anti-rabies vaccine.

Question 3.
Tuberculosis is considered as the most communicable disease.
Answer:

1. Tuberculosis is caused due to bacterial infection.
2. It is an air-borne infection and spreads through the spittle of T.B. patient.
3. When personal and public hygiene is not followed, this disease spreads very rapidly.
4. It is estimated that every two minutes, one patient dies of T.B. in India. Tuberculosis, therefore, is considered as the most communicable disease.

Question 4.
ORS gives temporary relief to the patient of diarrhoea.
Answer:

1. In diarrhoea, due to loose motions the patient becomes dehydrated.
2. The eyes get sunken and the mouth becomes dry.
3. If immediate help is not given, the condition can become critical. The absorption function of the intestine is disturbed.
4. But by giving ORS, enough water, sugar and salt enter the body saving the life of the patient.
5. The sugar and salt in the ORS gets absorbed in the intestine and reduce the dehydration.
6. However, for eradication of infection, proper medical treatment is to be given, therefore, ORS gives only a temporary relief to the patient of diarrhoea.

Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
Which virus causes dengue and how does it spread?
Answer:
Dengue is caused by DEN-1, 2 virus belonging to the type – flavivirus. Aedes aegypti type of mosquito spreads the disease by transferring this virus through its bite.

Question 2.
What are the reasons for spread of swine flu?
Answer:
Swine flu is caused by the virus influenza A (H1N1). Its carrier is pig. The contact with such pigs or infected persons can cause infection of swine flu. The infection spreads through sweat and through secretions of nose, throat and saliva of the diseased person.

Question 3.
What are the symptoms of swine flu?
Answer:
Symptoms of swine flu : Palpitations, difficulty in breathing, sore throat, body pain along with high fever.

Question 4.
In whom was HIV first reported?
Answer:
HIV was first reported in an African species of monkeys

Question 5.
What is a malignant tumour?
Answer:
Due to uncontrolled cell division
there is a formation of lump of cancerous cells. If this lump is without the covering, then it is called malignant tumour.

Question 6.
How is efficiency of the heart reduced?
Answer:
When the blood circulation for the heart muscles is obstructed, it does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients. Due to this condition heart has to exert more and gets stressed resulting into loss of efficiency.

Question 7.
What are the different types of treatment for heart diseases?
Answer:
Angioplasty, By-Pass surgery, open heart surgery, installation of stents, installation of pacemaker, heart transplant are some of the treatment for heart diseases.

Question 8.
What is Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Yojana? When was it started?
Answer:
Government of India started the Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Yojana on 1st July 2015. Under this scheme people who are not able to afford best quality medicines are given generic medicines of the same quality at much reduced price.

Question 9.
When can eye donation be done? What is the advantage of eye donation?
Answer:
Anybody can donate eyes posthumously. Due to eye donation, some blind person can regain the sight.

Explain the importance:

Question 1.
Generic medicines.
Answer:
Generic medicines are also called general medicines. They are affordable for the common citizens of India. These medicines are manufactured and distributed without any patent. They are similar in quality and composition as the branded i medicines. The proportion of compounds in these medicines and its formula of preparation is readily available. Thus the money spent on the research is reduced. Therefore, generic medicines are much cheaper than the expensive branded medicines.

Question 2.
Blood donation.
Answer:
Blood donation is said to be the greatest donation that one can give. Blood donation can save someone’s life. By one unit blood of a single donor, three different patients can be saved. From such blood red blood cells, white blood cells and blood i platelets can be separated and given to different patients who are in need with corresponding component. Blood cannot be manufactured artificially and hence blood donation is the only way to collect blood. One healthy person can donate blood four r times in a year, thus saving 12 patients.

Question 3.
First Aid for Heart Disease.
Answer:
A person who is suffering from cardiac problems can get a heart attack suddenly. In such case, the patient should be given immediate and appropriate treatment to save his or her life. First and foremost one should call 108 for cardiac ambulance. Then the patient’s pulse or heartbeats should be checked to know his/her condition. Check the consciousness of the patient. Then make the patient to lie on a hard surface in horizontal position.

Perform C.O.L.S. or, ‘Compression Only Life Support’ on the patient. During this procedure, a pressure is given in the centre of the thorax of a patient for at least 30 times at the rate of 100 to 120 r strokes per minute. This is a first aid for the r heart attack. Before the arrival of doctor or proper medical aid, the life of a patient is saved.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Write a brief account about tuberculosis.
Answer:
Mycobacterium tuberculae is the bacteria which causes tuberculosis (TB) infection. This infectious and communicable disease passes through spittle of the patient. The sneezing and coughing of patient cause f droplet infections. With prolonged contact with the patient and using the objects of the patient there is greater chance of acquiring TB infection. Different body organs such as bones, uterus and lungs can be affected by tuberculosis.

The pulmonary TB i.e. TB of the lungs is more common. The symptoms of TB are prolonged cough, blood through spittle, decrease in the body weight and difficulty in breathing. B.C.G. vaccine can be given in young age for prevention of TB. The patient needs to be isolated if TB is detected. Regular antibiotics have to be taken. DOTS process of medication needs to be followed.

Question 2.
Write the symptoms of dengue.
Answer:
Symptoms of dengue are as follows:

1. High and severe fever.
2. Severe headache accompanied with vomiting.
3. Pain in the eye sockets as if someone is pushing the eyes out.
4. Rapid reduction in the number of blood platelets.
5. Internal haemorrhages in the body.

Question 3.
How is rabies caused? What are the important symptoms of the rabies?
Answer:
Rabies is a viral disease. The bite of a rabid animal (the animal who is already infected with rabies virus) transfers the virus in the human blood through the bite wound. Dog, rabbit, monkey and cat can be infected with rabies if they are not vaccinated. The virus of rabies enters the brain through neurons. If not treated in time, rabies can be fatal.

Symptoms of rabies: There is a fever which lasts for 2 to 12 weeks. The victim becomes hyper-excited. He /She shows exaggerations in behaviour. Hydrophobia is very unique symptom in which person is scared and phobic of water. The symptoms can be seen within 90 to 175 days after the animal-bite.
When the dog or any animal bites, before the symptoms are seen, the victim should immediately take anti-rabies vaccine. This vaccination can save a person.

Question 4.
What are the causes of cancer?
Answer:
The carcinogenic substances can cause cancer. Thus such substances should never be used. Tobacco, gutkha and other nicotine containing products can cause cancer. Smoking and alcoholism can also induce cancer development. Cancer is also hereditary disease which is said to be caused by oncogenes. The lack of high fibre food in the diet and junk food in great quantities can induce the cancer development in some part of the alimentary canal.

Question 5.
Write the symptoms of cancer.
Answer:

1. If part of the respiratory system is under the attack of cancer, it can cause, long term cough, hoarse voice, difficulty in swallowing or difficulty in breathing.
2. The wounds do not become cured and the scar too is incurable. Inflammations does not subside.
3. There is formation of tumour like lump in the breast of the females.
4. In all the types of cancer there is unexplained weight loss.

Question 6.
What are the preventive measures to avoid the cancer?
Answer:
Complete control over diet should be followed. It should be’ healthy and nutritive. Such diet protects one from the cancer. The modern treatment processes should be immediately carried out, if the cancer is detected. With time-lapse, the growth of the cancer keeps on increasing. Physical exercises should be regularly done. Tobacco consumption, smoking are some addictions that can induce cancer. These should never be tried.

Question 7.
What are the causes and symptoms of diabetes?
Answer:
Causes of diabetes: The pancreas in normal persons secrete hormone insulin which maintains the sugar level in the blood. When there is deficiency of insulin, the symptoms of diabetes develop due to uncontrolled blood sugar level. Hereditary causes also can develop diabetes.

Obesity, lack of physical exercise, mental stress can also lead to diabetes. Overconsumption of fried food and over-indulgence in eating sweetmeats increase the chances of diabetes.

Symptoms of diabetes: The person who develops diabetes has frequent urination and continuous thirst. The body weight also reduces rapidly. Sometimes it may rise suddenly. There is continuous feeling of fatigue.

Question 8.
What are the causes of heart diseases?
Answer:
Addictions such as smoking, alcoholism and junk food lead to heart disease. Diabetes, hypertension, obesity are responsible for developing heart disease. Lack of physical exercise, no physical work, continuous sedentary mode are some causes which reduce the efficiency of the working of heart. Mental strain and stress, anger, frustration, anxiety are some psychological reasons that can lead to heart problems

Question 9.
What happens when medicines are missed?
Answer:
When medicines are taken without the consultation of doctor, there are certain problems. When the medicines and drugs are taken without any cause or symptom, then it is a misuse. Overdose of pain killers produce side effects. Some of these cause damage to nervous system, excretory system and liver. Overdose of antibiotics develops nausea, stomachache, loose motions and rash, white patches on tongue, etc.

Questions based on charts/tables:

Question 1.
Complete the table: Prepare similar table of information as the table given on page 7 about various disease like enteritis, malaria, plague and leprosy.
Answer:

Question 2.
Draw a flow diagram to show treatment for heart diseases.
Answer:

Activity-based questions:

Question 1.
Enlist the names and composition of the medicines present at your home.
Answer:
Students are expected to write this answer based on the medicines in their own homes.

Question 2.
Observe and discuss :

Answer:
Observe the following pictures and write description in the boxes.

Open-Ended Questions:

Question 1.
Poor people do not afford the costly medicines. Is there any alternative for this? Which one?

Answer:
Some medicines are very costly. The poor people cannot afford such expensive medicines. In such cases, some social organizations may give some help to these patients. Some trusts like Tata trust can also offer help to the needy for the treatment.

Some hospitals have social workers who help the needy for raising the funds for poor patients. Another way is to use generic medicines.

These medicines are at par in quality with the branded medicines but they are quite less in the price. They are available in the generic medicine shops. One can also take benefit of Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Yojana.

Question 2.
What measures will you take to stop the breeding of mosquitoes?
Answer:
We have to take care that there is no water stagnated in and around the house. The garden plants and pots in the house should be checked for the mosquito larvae and eggs if any. If water is not receding and remaining accumulated, then the spraying of insecticides should be done with the help of elders. With the help of elders in the house, the complaint can be lodged in the Malaria eradication department in the nearby Municipality or Gram Panachyat office.

If the water is in ponds, we can release guppy fishes to eradicate the mosquito larvae. The fish feed on the larvae and automatically control the mosquito population.

Question 3.
Our behaviour with HIV infected person must be normal or should not be normal? What is your opinion? Write it with correct explanation.
Answer:
Our behaviour with HIV infected person must be normal. There are no chances of acquiring AIDS by having normal behaviour with the HIV positive person. HIV can pass only through body fluids and blood from HIV infected person to the other normal person. Similarly, the needles or syringes used by HIV infected person can cause the infection of HIV to the other person.

Such ways of contamination should always be avoided. The sexual contact or the blood transfusion with HIV positive person should always be avoided. But the normal behaviour such as hand-shake, eating together, studying in the same class will not matter at all in the transmission of AIDS.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 2 Plants: Structure and Function Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 2 Plants: Structure and Function

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Plants: Structure and Function Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Give examples of 3 plants that have:

Question a.
Spiny fruits
Answer:
Jack fruit, Pineapple, Lychee (litchi), Datura

Question b.
Spiny stem
Answer:
Cactus, Wild rose, Catclaw acacia, Silk, Cotton

Question c.
Red flowers
Answer:
Rose, Dahlia, Hibiscus, Tulips,

Question d.
Yellow flowers
Answer:
Marigold, Daffodil, Sunflower, Daisy

Question e.
Leaves which close at night
Answer:
Mimosa plant, Tallwood, Prayer plant, Gulmohar

Question f.
Single seeded fruits
Answer:
Mango, Lychee, Jamun

Question g.
Many seeded fruits
Answer:
Custard apple, Papaya, Watermelon.

2. Observe any one flower and its various parts and describe it in your own words.

Question a.
Answer:

A flower has following parts:
1. Pedicel: (a) Flower may have a long or a short stalk called pedicel, (b) One end of the pedicel is attached to the stem, (c) The other end of the pedicel is expanded and swollen. It is called the receptacle, (d) Petals and other parts of the flower are supported on the receptacle.
2. Calyx: In the bud condition, the petals are covered by leaf like parts called sepals which are green in colour. They form the calyx.
3. Corolla: This is made up of colourful parts called petals.
4. Androecium: (a) This is the male reproductive part of the flower, (b) It consists of stamens, (c) Each stamen is made up of anther and filament.
5. Gynoecium: (a) This is the female reproductive part of the flower, (b) This is made up of carpels, (c) A carpel consists of stigma, style and ovary.

3. What are the similarities and differences between?

Question a.
Jowar and Moong
Differences:

Jowar	Moong
i. It has fibrous root.	i. It has tap root.
ii. It is a monocotyledonous seed.	ii. It is a dicotyledonous seed.
iii. It is a rabi crop.	iii. It is a kharif crop

Similarities:
Jowar and Moong both are angiosperms.

Question b.
Onion and Coriander
Differences:

Onion	Coriander
i. It is a biennial plant.	i. It is an annual plant.
ii. It has monocoty­ledonous seed.	ii. It has dicotyledonous seeds.
iii. It has fibrous root.	iii. It has tap root but later on changes to fibrous root system.

Similarities:

1. Both are used in cooking.
2. Both are edible.
3. Both belongs to kingdom plantae.

Question c.
Leaves of banana and Leaves of mango
Answer:

Leaves of banana	Leaves of mango
i. It has parallel venation.	i. It has reticulate venation.
ii.  It is very large in size.	ii. It is small in size.
iii. It is a monocotyledonous plant.	iii. It is a dicotyledonous plant.

Question d.
Coconut tree and Jowar stalk plant
Answer:
Differences:

Coconut tree	Jowar stalk plant
i. It is tall and has a thick stem	i. It is small and has a thin stem.
ii. It has strong root system.	ii. It has weak root system.
iii. Each and every part of tree is useful.	iii. Only seeds are useful.

Similarities:

1. Both are from same kingdom plantae.
2. Both are autotrophic.
3. Both are monocotyledonous plants.

4. Explain the following images in your own words.

Question a.

Answer:

1. Diagram A is of maize seed. It is a monocotyledonous seed and does not divide into two equal parts. The plant has fibrous root system.
2. Diagram B is of bean seed. It is a dicotyledonous seed and it divides into two equal parts. The plant has tap root system.

5. Describe the functions of various parts of a plant.

Question a.
Describe the functions of various parts of a plant.
Answer:
The functions of various parts of a plant are as below.
1. Root: (a) Fixation: It anchors the plant body to the soil, so helps in fixation, (b) Absorption: It absorbs water and nutrients from the soil, so helps in absorption, (c) Conduction: The root translocates water and mineral salts into the stem. (d) Storage: A certain amount of food is stored in the root which is utilized as it grows.
(e) Preventing soil erosion: It helps to bind the soil particles and prevent them from being blown away by wind or water.
2. Stem: (a) It supports and holds leaves, flower and fruits, (b) The stem conducts the water and minerals from roots to leaves and fruits, (c) It stores the food.
3. Leaves: (a) It synthesizes food for the plant, (b) Stomata, the tiny openings in the leaf help in gaseous exchange and are responsible for the process of transpiration.
4. Flower: It helps in pollination.
5. Fruit: (a) It protects the seed, (b) It helps in seed dispersal.
6. Seed: A new plant develops from it.

6. Certain properties are mentioned below. Find a leaf corresponding to each property and describe those plants.

Question a.
Certain properties are mentioned below. Find a leaf corresponding to each property and describe those plants.
leaves with smooth surface, leaves with rough surface, fleshy leaf, spines on leaf.
Answer:

1. Leaves with smooth surface: e.g. Banana leaf. It is large in size. It is closely rolled up one over the other. Together they look like a trunk but they form only an apparent trunk. It has parallel venation.
2. Leaves with rough surface: e.g. Hibiscus leaf. It has reticulate venation. Leaf margin is toothed.
3. Fleshy leaf: e.g. Jade plant, water hyacinth. It has fleshy, glossy and smooth leaves. They are coloured jade green and having a slightly red tinge towards the edge of leaves when exposed to higher level of light.
4. Spines on leaf: e.g. Opuntia, Ci/cas, kevda. Opuntia is a desert plant. Leaf is thick, fleshy and having spines on it.

7. Find the plant parts.

Question a.

Answer:

ROOT, ROOT CAP, ROOT HAIR, BUD, PETALS, STEM, RADICLE, FLOWER, LEAF, VEIN, CALYX, NODE, OVUM.

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Plants Structure And Function Question Answer Activity:

Sketch various types of leaves in Paintbrush on the computer and save the sketches in a folder of your own name.

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Plants: Structure and Function Important Questions and Answers

Plants Structure And Function Exercise Fill in the blanks:

Plants Structure And Function Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 1.
The part that grows from inside the seed towards the soil is called the …………….. .
Answer:
radicle

Plants Structure And Function Class 7 Question 2.
The part that grows above the soil from the seed is called the …………….. .
Answer:
plumule

Plants Structure And Function Question And Answer Question 3.
The part of the plant growing below the soil from radicle for support is called …………….. .
Answer:
root

Plants Structure And Function Class 7 Exercise Question 4.
The …………….. protects the root-tip from injuries.
Answer:
root cap

Plants Structure And Function Exercise Question 5.
Roots bearing hair like processes near the root tips are called …………….. .
Answer:
root hairs

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Plants Structure And Function Question Answer Question 6.
Thread-like or fibre like roots arising from the stem are called ……………. .
fibrous roots

Question 7.
The stem grows above the soil from the …………….. of the sprouting seed.
Answer:
plumule

Question 8.
Leaves come out at the …………….. .
Answer:
nodes

Question 9.
The part of the stem between two nodes is called …………….. .
Answer:
inter node

Question 10.
The tip or the apical end of the stem is called a …………….. .
Answer:
bud

Question 11.
The broad, spread out part of the leaf is called the …………….. or …………….. .
Answer:
leaf blade, lamina

Question 12.
The tip of the leaf is called the …………….. .
Answer:
leaf apex

Question 13.
Leaves of some plants have a stalk called a …………….. .
Answer:
petiole

Question 14.
The portion of the leaf attached to the stem is called the …………….. .
Answer:
leaf base

Question 15.
Small leaf like structures near the leaf base is called …………….. .
Answer:
stipides

Question 16.
Flowers may have a long or a short stalk called …………….. .
Answer:
pedicel

Question 17.
One end of the pedicel is attached to the …………….. .
Answer:
stem

Question 18.
…………….. is a male reproductive organ of the flower.
Answer:
Androecium

Question 19.
…………….. is a female reproductive organ of the
Answer:
gynoecium

Question 20.
Androecium consists of …………….. .
Answer:
stamens

Question 21.
Gynoecium consists of …………….. .
Answer:
carpels

Question 22.
Seeds which get divided into two equal parts are called …………….. seeds.
Answer:
dicotyledonous

Question 23.
Seeds which do not divide into two equal parts are …………….. called seeds.
Answer:
monocotyledonous

Question 24.
Petals and other parts of the flower are supported on the …………….. .
Answer:
receptacle

Question 25.
Sepals are …………….. in colour.
Answer:
green.

Match the columns:

Question  1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Peepal	a. carpels
2. Maize	b. stamen
3. Androecium	c. parallel venation
4. Gynoecium	d. reticulate venation

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Peepal	d. reticulate venation
2. Maize	c. parallel venation
3. Androecium	b. stamen
4. Gynoecium	a. carpels

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column B’
1. Tap roots	a. stem
2. Fibrous roots	b. root
3. Radicle	c. monocotyledonous plants
4. Plumule	d. dicotyledonous plants

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column B’
1. Tap roots	d. dicotyledonous plants
2. Fibrous roots	c. monocotyledonous plants
3. Radicle	b. root
4. Plumule	a. stem

Question 3.

Column A’	Column B’
1. Leaf-tip	a. petiole
2. Edge of leaf blade	b. leaf margin
3. Portion of leaf attached to stem	c. lamina
4. Stalk of leaf	d. leaf apex
	e. leaf base

Answer:

Column A’	Column B’
1. Leaf-tip	d. leaf apex
2. Edge of leaf blade	b. leaf margin
3. Portion of leaf attached to stem	e. leaf base
4. Stalk of leaf	a. petiole

Say whether True or False Correct and rewrite the false statements:

Question 1.
Stem grows from radicle.
Answer:
False. Stem grows from the Plumule

Question 2.
Leaf margins may be entire, dentate or lobed.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The leaf blade of leaves in some plants is divided into many small parts called leaflets.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Maize plant has reticulate venation.
Answer:
False. Maize plant has parallel venation

Question 5.
A carpel consists of stigma, style and ovary.
Answer:
True.

Question 6.
A stamen is made up of nodes and internodes.
Answer:
False. A stamen is made up of anther filament

Question 7.
The ovary develops into a fruit.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Fertilized ovules form the seeds.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
A mango fruit contains many seeds.
Answer:
False. A mango fruit contains only one seed

Question 10.
A fruit like cashew have seed outside the fruit.
Answer:
True.

Question 11.
Leaves of some plants do not have a petiole.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
The peepal leaf has parallel venation.
Answer:
False. It has reticulate venation.

Find the odd one out:

Question 1.
Pea, Moong, maize, groundnut
Answer:
Maize – Its seed is monocotyledonous, while others have dicotyledonous seeds.

Question 2.
Cashew, apple, mango, chikoo
Answer:
Cashew – Its seed is outside the fruit, others have internal seeds.

Question 3.
Stigma, anther, style, ovary
Answer:
Anther – It is a part of androecium, while others are a part of gynoecium.

Question 4.
Petiole, vein, calyx, apex
Answer:
Calyx – It is a part of flower, whereas others are parts of leaf.

Question 5.
Aerial, stilt, runner, lobed
Answer:
Lobed – It is a type of leaf margin, while others are types of modified roots.

Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Which types of roots do the fenugreek, spinach and onion plants have?
Answer:

1. Fenugreek and spinach have tap roots with a few secondary roots whereas onion has fibrous root.
2. Fenugreek roots also have some nodules which contain nitrogen fixing bacteria.

Question 2.
What are called prop roots?
Answer:
Roots emerging from the trunk and branches of a banyan tree grow towards the soil. These roots are called prop roots.

Question 3.
What is called reticulate venation?
Answer:

1. A leaf is divided into two equal parts by a single mid-vein which lies along the midline of the leaf blade.
2. Secondary veins arise from the mid-vein. They are branched and form a network or reticulum. Such a type of venation is called reticulate venation.

Question 4.
What is called parallel venation?
Answer:
In a leaf all the veins are parallel, running from the leaf base to the leaf apex. Such a venation is called parallel venation.

Question 5.
What is pollination?
Answer:
After maturity, anthers burst and the pollen grains which are released fall on the stigma. This process is called pollination.

Question 6.
Why are the underground parts of plants like radish, carrot, beet and sweet potato thick, fleshy and swollen? Which parts of the plant are they?
Answer:
The underground parts of plants like radish, carrot, beet and sweet potato are thick, fleshy and swollen because they store food in the form of starch. These are the root part of the plant.

Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Tap roots and fibrous roots.
Answer:

Tap roots	Fibrous roots
1. Roots of some plants produce secondary roots that grow obliquely and spread far and wide in the soil. This type of root is called a tap root.	1. Thread like or fibre roots arising from the stem are called fibrous roots.
2. It is found in dicotyledonous plant.	2.  It is found in monocotyle-donous plant.

Question 2.
Dicotyledonous seeds and monocotyledonous seeds.
Answer:

Dicotyledonous seeds	Monocotyledonous seeds
1. Seeds which get divided into two equal parts are called dicotyledonous seeds.	1. Seeds which do not divide into two equal parts are called monocotyledonous seeds.
2. Dicotyledonous seeded plants have tap root system.	2. Monocotyledonous seeded plants have fibrous root system.

Draw neat and labelled diagram for the following:

Question 1.
Tap root
Answer:

Question 2.
Parts of a leaf.
Answer:

Question 3.
Parts of stem
Answer:

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Certain properties are mentioned below. Find a leaf corresponding to each property and describe those plants.
Answer:

1. Leaves with smooth surface: e.g. Banana leaf. It is large in size. It is closely rolled up one over the other. Together they look like a trunk but they form only an apparent trunk. It has parallel venation.
2. Leaves with rough surface: e.g. Hibiscus leaf. It has reticulate venation. Leaf margin is toothed.
3. Fleshy leaf: e.g. Jade plant, water hyacinth. It has fleshy, glossy and smooth leaves. They are coloured jade green and having a slightly red tinge towards the edge of leaves when exposed to higher level of light.
4. Spines on leaf: e.g. Opuntia, Cycas, kevda. Opuntia is a desert plant. Leaf is thick, fleshy and having spines on it.

Use your brainpower!

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What would have happened if plants like tamarind, banyan and mango had fibrous roots?
Answer:
If plants like banyan, mango, tamarind had fibrous roots they would get uprooted and fall even with a little strong wind as the roots would not be able to support and anchor the trees firmly.

Question 2.
What will happen if the root-tip is injured?
Answer:

1. Root cap helps the root to grow downward It protects the sensitive part of the root and eases the movement of the root through the soil.
2. Injury of the root tip causes the root to grow randomly and it also may lead to injury of the sensitive part of the root.

Question 3.
Which types of roots do the fenugreek, spinach and onion plants have?
Answer:

1. Fenugreek and spinach have tap roots with a few secondary roots whereas onion has fibrous root.
2. Fenugreek roots also have some nodules which contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Question 4.
Of what use to a plant are the insects flitting about around its flowers?
Answer:

1. The insects try to suck the nectar from the flowers and in that process the pollen grains stick to their legs.
2. When they sit on another flower the pollen grain stick to the stigma and the pollination takes place. Thus, these insects help in the pollination.

Observe the figure and answer the questions given.

1.

Question a.
What is shown in the picture?
Answer:
The picture shows the arrangement of leaves on the stem.

Question b.
What arrangement is shown in (A), (B), and (C)?
Answer:
(A) Alternate (B) Opposite (C) Whorled

2.

Question a.
Lable parts 1 to 6.
Answer:

1. Gynoecium or carpel
2. Corolla
3. Androecium (Stamen)
4. Ovary
5. Corolla
6. Pedicel

Question b.
Name the female reproductive part.
Answer:
Gynoecium

Question c.
Name the colourful part of the flower.
Answer:
Corolla

Question d.
Which part develops into fruit?
Answer:
Ovary

Question e.
Which pa pollination?
Answer:
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of flower is called pollination.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 4 Nutrition in Living Organisms Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 4 Nutrition in Living Organisms

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Nutrition in Living Organisms Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Classify according to food-type.
Tiger, cow, vulture, bacteria, deer, goat, human, fungus, lion, sparrow, buffalo, frog, cockroach, tick.
Answer:

• Carnivores: tiger, Lion
• Herbivores: cow, deer, goat, buffalo
• Scavengers: vulture
• Decomposers: fungus, bacteria
• Granivores: sparrow
• Insectivores: frog Parasitic: tick
• Omnivores: human, cockroach

2. Nutrition In Living Organisms Class 7 Exercise Match the pairs.

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Nutrition In Living Organisms Question Answer Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Parasitic plant	a. Mushroom
2. Parasitic plant	b. Lichen
3. Saprophytic plant	c. Drosera
4. Symbiotic plant	d. Cuscuta

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Parasitic plant	d. Cuscuta
2. Parasitic plant	c. Drosera
3. Saprophytic plant	a. Mushroom
4. Symbiotic plant	b. Lichen

3. Answer the following questions in your words. 

Question a.
Why do living organisms need nutrition?
Answer:
Living organisms need nutrition due to the following: (a) To supply the energy required for doing work, (b) For growth and development of the body, (c) To replace the damaged cells and repair tissues, (d) To fight diseases.

Question b.
Explain the process of production of food in plants.
Answer:
1. Green plants can produce their own food. With the help of sunlight and chlorophyll, plants make their own food in their leaves, using water and nutrients from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air.

2. This process is called as photosynthesis. In this process plants give out oxygen and take in carbon dioxide.

Question c.
What is meant by parasitic plants? Name their different types with examples of each.
Answer:
The plants that grow on the body of other plants to obtain food are called as parasitic plants.

There are two types of parasitic plants:

• Holoparasites: e.g. Rafflesiaceae
• Hemiparasites: e.g. Loranthaceae

Question d.
Explain the various steps of nutrition in animals.
Answer:
Steps of nutrition in animals are as follows:

1. Ingestion: Food is taken into the body.
2. Digestion: Conversion of food into simple soluble forms.
3. Absorption: Transfer of soluble food to the blood.
4. Assimilation: Utilization of absorbed food by cells and tissues for energy production, growth and repair.
5. Egestion: Removal of waste products and undigested food from body.

Question e.
Name some unicellular organisms in which all life processes take place within their unicellular body.
Answer:
Unicellular organisms like amoeba, euglena, paramoecium in which all life processes take place within their unicellular body.

4. Give reasons.

Question a.

Insectivorous plants are attractively coloured.
Answer:

1. Insectivorous plants generally grow in soil or water deficient in nitrogen compounds.
2. The plant body of the Drosera burmanii has a flower like appearance. It grows close to the ground. Even its leaves are attractively pink or red in colour with hairs at the margin.
3. Droplets of a sticky substances found on tips of the hairs attract insects.
4. These plants consume insects to fulfill their need for nitrogen. To attract the insects these plants are attractively coloured.

Question b.
Butterflies have a long tube-like proboscis.
Answer:
Holozoic mode of nutrition means the feeding of solid and liquid food by animals. Butterflies live on nectar from flowers. Therefore to suck the nectar from flowers, they have a long tube-like structure called proboscis.

5. Prepare and complete the flowchart according to type of nutrition.

Question a.
Prepare and complete the flowchart according to type of nutrition.

Answer:

6. Think and answer.

Question a.
We prepare a variety of foodstuffs and dishes at home. Are we then autotrophic organisms?
Answer:

1. We prepare a variety of foodstuffs and dishes at home but we are not autotrophic organisms.
2. In autotrophic organisms they have chlorophyll in their body and food is prepared here with help of sunlight, water and CO₂ for the organisms.
3. But the food which we prepare at home is not generated in our body.

Question b.
Which organisms are greater in number – autotrophs or heterotrophs? Why?
Answer:

1. Autotrophs have chlorophyll in the cell and here the organic food is prepared using sunlight, water and CO₂.
2. They do not depend on any other organism for survival.
3. But the heterotrophs depend on autotrophs and other organisms for survival. Hence autotrophs are more in number than heterotrophs.

Question c.
The number of heterotrophs found in desert regions is smaller. However, they are found in greater numbers in the sea. Why is this so?
Answer:

1. In desert region due to scarcity of water and excess heat, very few cactus are found as autotrophs compared to sea. As autotrophs are less, number of heterotrophs dependent on autotrophs are smaller.
2. Whereas in sea due to greater numbers of autotrophs, greater number of heterotrophs are found.

Question d.
What damage or harm do ectoparasitic and endoparasitic animals cause?
Answer:

1. Ectoparasitic animals suck the blood of the animal on which it remains and endoparasitic animals get readymade food from the body of animal in which it remain.
2. This way both the parasites make the animal weak by sucking their blood or by eating prepared food from them.

Question e.
Why is plant food not produced in any other parts of the plant except the green ones?
Answer:
Plant food is not produced in any other parts of the plant except the green ones because only green part contains chlorophyll and chlorophyll is very necessary for the production of food.

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Nutrition In Living Organisms Project:

Question 1.
Many heterotrophic organisms live on one and the same plant. Observe one such plant in your neighborhood and find out about the heterotrophs that depend upon it for their food. Observe and make flotes about other organisms that use these heterotrophs as their food.

Question 2.
Prepare a Power point presentation on the topic ‘Nutrition in Living Organisms’.

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Nutrition in Living Organisms Important Questions and Answers

Nutrition In Living Organisms Class 7 Exercise Fill in the blanks.

Nutrition In Living Organisms Class 7 Exercise Question 1.
Leaves have microscopic openings called ……………. .
Answer:
Stomata

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Nutrition In Living Organisms Question 2.
In the process of photosynthesis plants take in ……………. and ……………. gas is given out.
Answer:
Carbondioxide, oxygen

Question 3.
The ……………. transports minerals and water from roots to all aerial parts of the plant.
Answer:
xylem

Question 4.
The ……………. transports the food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Answer:
phloem

Question 5.
Plants produce ……………. by the process of photosynthesis.
Answer:
Carbohydrates

Question 6.
……………. are made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
Answer:
Carbohydrates

Question 7.
……………. are made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen.
Answer:
proteins

Question 8.
……………. plants contain rhizobium micro-organisms.
Answer:
leguminous

Question 9.
Micro-organisms like ……………. are present in soil.
Answer:
azotobacter

Question 10.
Lichen is of a symbiosis between ……………. and ……………. .
Answer:
algae, fungi

Question 11.
The scientist ……………. identified Drosera plant in Sri Lanka in 1737.
Answer:
Johannes Burman

Question 12.
Fungi like mushroom and yeast are ……………. .
Answer:
saprophytes

Question 13.
Removal of waste products and undigested food from the body is called …………….
Answer:
Egestion

Question 14.
Amoeba moves with the help of ……………. .
Answer:
pseudopodia

Question 15.
Butterflies suck food with a tube like ……………. .
Answer:
proboscis

Question 16.
The ……………. or ……………. is an ant eating animal found in India.
Answer:
bobcat, udmanjar

Question 17.
Seed eating animals are called ……………. .
Answer:
granivores

Question 18.
Fruit eating animals are called ……………. .
Answer:
frugivores

Question 19.
Animals that obtain their food from both plants and animals are called ……………. .
Answer:
Omnivores

Question 20.
Roundworms are known as ……………. .
Answer:
endoparasites

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Nutrition In Living Organisms Match the column:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Endoparasite	a. Vulture
2. Ectoparasite	b. Human
3. Seed eating animals	c. Tapeworm
4. Fruit eating animals	d. Bed bug
5. Scavenger	e. granivores
6. Omnivore	f. frugivores

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Endoparasite	c. Tapeworm
2. Ectoparasite	d. Bed bug
3. Seed eating animals	e. granivores
4. Fruit eating animals	f. frugivores
5. Scavenger	a. Vulture
6. Omnivore	b. Human

Say whether true or false, correct and rewrite the false statements.

Question 1.
Bed bug is an example of endoparasitic nutrition.
Answer:
False, Bed bug is an example of ectoparasitic nutrition

Question 2.
Spider shows saprozoic nutrition.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The anteater is found in India.
Answer:
False. The anteater is found in Central and South America

Question 4.
Yellowing of leaves occur due to deficiency of iron.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Mushroom is used in making bread.
Answer:
False. Yeast is used in making bread

Question 6.
Cuscuta is completely a parasitic plant.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
The nitrogen dioxide dissolves in rainwater and is converted into nitric acid.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Micro-organism Rhizobium is found in soil.
Answer:
False. Micro-organism Azotobacter is found in soil.

Question 9.
Fixation of nitrogen occurs by biological and atmospheric methods.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
The chloroplasts present in the leaves contain chlorophyll.
Answer:
True

Question 11.
Decomposers obtain their food from living organisms.
Answer:
False, They obtain their food by decomposing the dead bodies of organisms or other materials

Question 12.
Carbondixode is given out during the process of photosynthesis.
Answer:
False, Oxygen is given out during the process of photosynthesis

Question 13.
Phloem transports the food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Answer:
True

Question 14.
Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen.
Answer:
False, Protein are made up of carbon, hydrogen, Oxygen and nitrogen.

Give scientific reasons.

Question 1.
Micro-organisms like Rhizobium are useful.
Answer:

1. Rhizobium micro-organisms are useful because plants cannot take gaseous nitrogen from air.
2. These micro-organisms absorb atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into its nitrate, a compound which is useful for plant.

Question 2.
Lichen is an example of a symbiotic nutrition.
Answer:
Lichen is a symbiosis between algae and fungi in which fungi provides water, minerals, as well as shelter to algae and in return the algae Master Key General Science (Std. 7), provide food to the fungi. So Lichen, is an example of symbiotic nutrition.

Question 3.
Drosera burmanii is an insectivorous plant.
Answer:
Drosera burmanii grows in a soil which has nitrogen deficiency. It feeds upon insects to obtain nitrogen, so it is an insectivorous plant.

Question 4.
Human is an omnivore.
Answer:
Humans obtain their food from both, plants and animals so human is an omnivore.

Question 5.
Tapeworm is an endoparasite.
Answer:
Tapeworm lives inside the body of other animals and obtain its food. So tapeworm is an endoparasite.

Question 6.
Decomposers are important for the ecosystem
Answer:
Decomposers feed on dead and decaying matter and therefore indirectly clean the ecosystem. If decomposers were not there then nutrients would not be able to return back and get recycled. Therefore decomposers are very important for the ecosystem.

Question 7.
Cuscuta is a total parasite while Loranthus is a partial parasite.
Answer:
Cuscuta is a nongreen yellow thread-like plant completely dependent on the host plant, loranthus is a partial parasitic because it can prepare its own food and it only takes water and minerals from the host plant.

Answer the following in your own words:

Question 1.

Classify the types of nutrients.
Answer:
There are two types of nutrients.

1. Nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins and fats are required in large quantity. These are macro-nutrients.
2. Minerals and vitamins are required in very small quantity. They are called micro-nutrients.

Question 2.
Explain the types of nutrition.
Answer:
There are two types of nutrition.

1. Some organisms can produce their own food and thus nourish themselves. This is called autotrophic nutrition.
2. Some organisms depend on other organisms, plants and animals for their food. This is called heterotrophic nutrition.

Question 3.
Write differences between xylem and phloem.
Answer:

xylem	Phloem
1.  The xylem transports minerals and water from the root to all aerial parts of the plant.	1. The phloem transports the food (glucose) from the leaves to other parts of the plant where it is either consumed or stored.

Question 4.
What is chemosynthesis? Which plants produce their food by chemosynthesis?
Answer:

1. Chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules and nutrients into organic matter.
2. It uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds or methane as a source of energy rather than sunlight.
3. Sulphur bacteria and nitrosomonas produce their food by chemosynthesis.

Question 5.
Name the micro-organisms which help in biological fixation of nitrogen. How?
Answer:
Two different types of micro-organisms can bring about biological nitrogen fixation.

1. Root-nodules of leguminous plants contain the micro-organism rhizobium. These micro-organisms absorb atmospheric nitrogen and convert if into its nitrate, a compound.
2. Micro-organisms like azotobacter are’present in soil. They also convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates.

Question 6.
What is symbiotic nutrition? Give one example of it.
Answer:

1. Two or more than two different types of plant live together to fulfill their needs of nutrition, protection, support etc. with each other’s help. This type of nutrition is called symbiotic nutrition.
2. e.g. Lichen is an example of symbiosis between algae and fungi.

Question 7.
Write about Drosera burmanii.
Answer:

1. It is art insectivorous plant.
2. The scientist Johannes Burman identified this plant in Sri Lanka in 1737. Hence, the plant is named after him.
3. It grows close to the ground.
4. Its leaves are attractively pink or red in colour with hairs at the margin.
5. Droplets of a sticky substance found at the tips of the hairs attract insects.
6. It grows in a place where deficiency of nitrogen in the soil. To get nitrogen for its growth, it eats insects.

Question 8.
What are called saprophytic plants? Give Examples.
Answer:
Plants which obtain the food from dead and decaying bodies of other organisms are called saprophytic plants e.g. Yeast and mushrooms.

Question 9.
Classify the animals according to the type of food they eat.
microbes, vulture, monkey, tiger, lion, goat, cow, buffalo, crow, hyena, human, chimpanzee
Answer:

• Herbivores: goat, cow, buffalo.
• Carnivores: tiger, lion
• Omnivores: monkey, human, chimpanzee
• Scavengers: vulture, crow, hyena
• Decomposers: microbes

Explain the terms:

1. Herbivores: Animals that depend on plants only for their food are called Herbivores.
2. Carnivores: Animals that depend on other animals for their food are called Carnivores.
3. Granivores: Animals that eat grains (seed) are called Granivores.
4. Frugivores: Animals that eat fruits are called frugivores.
5. Omnivores: Animals that obtain their food from both plants and animals are called omnivores.
6. Scavengers: Animals that obtain their food from dead bodies of animals are called Scavengers.
7. Decomposers: Microbes which obtain their food by decomposing the dead bodies of organisms or other materials are called decomposers.
8. Ectoparasitic nutrition: Some animals live on the body surface of other animals and obtain their food by sucking their blood. This is called ectoparasitic nutrition.
9. Endoparasitic nutrition: Some animals live inside the body of other animals and obtain their food. This is called endoparasitic nutrition.
10. Symbiotic nutrition: In some cases, two or more than two different types of plants live together to fulfill their needs of nutrition, protection, support etc. with each other’s help. This type of nutrition is called symbiotic nutrition.

Write the role of different nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,magnesium, Iron, manganese and zinc and effects of their deficiency on plants.

Question 1.
Write the role of different nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, Iron, manganese and zinc and effects of their deficiency on plants.
Answer:
Role of nutrients and effects of their deficiency on plants:

Nutrients	Function	Effects of deficiency
Nitrogen	Important components of proteins, chlorophyll and cytoplasm.	Retarded/stunted growth, yellowing of leaves.
Phosphorus	Conversion of light energy into chemical energy.	Early leaf-fail, late flowering, slow growth of roots.
Potassium	Necessary for metabolic activities.	Weak stem, wilting of leaves, failure to produce carbohydrates.
Magnesium	Production of chlorophyll	Slow/retarded growth, yellowing of leaves.
Iron	Production of chlorophyll	Yellowing of leaves
Manganese	Production of main plant hormones	Retarded growth, spotted leaves
Zinc	Production of hormones and their intermediates	Retarded growth, yellowing of leaves

Can you tell?

Answer the following question: 

Question 1.
How does ingestion occur in unicellular animals like amoeba?
Answer:

1. Amoeba does not have organs like hands and mouth.
2. It is a unicellular animal. It can take in food through any part of the surface of its unicellular body.
3. It surrounds the food particle from all sides to take it into the cell.
4. After that it digests the food with the help of different enzymes.
5. Undigested food is left behind as the amoeba moves further with the help of pseudopodia.
6. In unicellular animals like amoeba, euglena, paramoecium,. etc. all the steps of nutrition occur within their unicellular body.

Question 2.
How do plants produce their own food?
Answer:
Green plants produce their own food with the help of sunlight, chlorophyll, water, nutrients from soil and carbon dioxide from the air. This process is called as photosynthesis

Use your brain power!

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Write the uses of yeast and mushrooms.
Answer:
Yeast is used in fermentation processes and making bread.
Mushrooms are a rich source of vitamins and iron.

Question 2.i
Which part of the loranthus plant carries out photosynthesis?
Answer:
Leaves of the loranthus plant carries out photosynthesis.

Question 2.ii
From where do they obtain minerals and water?
Answer:
They obtain water and minerals from the xylem and phloem of the other host plant.

Question 2.iii
Why is loranthus known as a partially parasitic plant?
Answer:
Loranthus is known as partially parasitic plant because it does photosynthesis with the help of leaves but only for water and minerals it depends on other plants.

Question 3.
Why does the pitcher plant feed on insects even though it produces food by photosynthesis?
Answer:
Pitcher plants grow in a place where soil has deficiency of nitrogen compounds so to fulfill the need of nitrogen they feed on insects.

Observe the diagram and answer the following questions.

Question a.
Name the process shown in the picture.
Answer:
The process shown is photosynthesis.

Question b.
Which type of plants use the above process for their nutrition?
Answer:
Autotrophic plants (green plants) use the above process for their nutrition.

Question c.
What is the pigment in the leaf that helps in the above process?
Answer:
Chlorophyll

Question d.
Give the chemical equation of the above process?
Answer:

Question e.
What is the importance of this process to living things?
Answer:
Photosynthesis helps the plants to prepare their own food and also store it in their plant bodies. Animals depend upon this stored food for their nutrition.
During photosynthesis, oxygen is given out which is important for all living organisms for respiration.

Observe the diagram and answer the following questions.

Question a.
What is shown in the picture?
Answer:
Roots of leguminous plants having root nodules.

Question b.
What is the importance of these types of plants?
Answer:
These types of plants help to provide nitrogen to the soil.

Question c.
What is the process called?
Answer:
Biological Nitrogen fixation

Question d.
Explain the process.
Answer:
Root nodules of leguminous plants contain Rhizobium micro-organisms. These micro¬organisms convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates. Thus the soil becomes rich in nitrogen.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 4.3 Silver Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.3 Silver

My English Coursebook Std 9 Guide Chapter 4.3 Silver Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!
Chit-chat

1. Have you ever attended a sky-watch or a star-gazing party?
2. Have you ever slept under the open sky?
3. Do you study at night or early in the morning?
4. Do you sleep with your windows closed or open?

Images

Question 1.
Imagine that your class is to be divided into groups or houses. Each house will have their own colour, symbol, dress code, sport, motto, a common room with objects of their interest and suitable furniture. Think of sets of four names for the groups. Form groups and work out the (imaginary) details for each set. Some suggestions are given here:

Answer:

Category	Names
Metals	iron	copper	silver	gold
Flowers	orchid	lily	jasmine	bluebell
Stars or galaxies	Sirius	Conopus	Alphard	Procyon
Trees	sal	neem	deodar	chinar
Seasons	spring	summer	winter	monsoon

Deodar House

• Colour – Pink
• Symbol – Rose
• Dress code – pink shirt/top

Common room to have:

Two chairs with small round table to sit and study, two cupboards with books to read, newspapers, magazines, sofa to rest, vase in corner, pink background to the room, room freshener.

• Sports: Rugby
• Motto: Unity is strength.

[The answers given above are for reference, students are expected to do this activity in the class.]

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 4.3 Silver Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences with the help of the poem:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. The moon and the mouse are only the moving objects in the poem.
2. Everything appears silver in the poem because of the silver moonlight.
3. The moon walks in the night in her silver shoes.

Question 2.
Complete the following web with the names of the things that appear silver in the moonlight: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Which of the objects, animals, etc. in the poem are at rest without any motion?
Answer:
The fruits, trees, casements, thatch, kennel, dog, cote, doves, fish, reeds and the stream are the objects, animals, etc. in the poem that are at rest without any movement.

Question 2.
In which line does the word silver/silvery in the poem occur? What pattern does it show?
Answer:
The word silver/silvery occurs in the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, twelfth, and fourteenth line of the poem. The word silver/silvery is used in even numbered lines and not in the odd numbered lines in the entire poem. It adds uniformity and rhythm to the poem.

Poetic device Activities:

Question 1.
Write down the musical (rhyming) words from the poem.
Answer:
The musical (rhyming) words used in the poem are:

1. moon – shoon
2. sees – trees
3. catch – thatch
4. log – dog
5. peep – sleep
6. by – eye
7. gleam – stream.

Question 2.
Write down the rhyming scheme of the poem.
Answer:
The rhyming scheme for the first two stanzas is aahb. The rhyme scheme of the final stanza is aabbcc.

Appreciation of Poem:

1. Title: The title of the poem is “Silver”.
2. Poet: The poet of the poem is Walter de la Mare (1873-1956).

3. Theme/Central Idea: The poem is about a moonlit night. The silvery light of the moon covers the whole earth and everything on it looks silvery. The poem stands out for its rich visual imagery.

4. Rhyme Scheme: The rhyme scheme for the first two stanzas is ‘aabb’. The rhyme scheme for the final stanza is ‘aabbcc’.

5. Figure of Speech: Simile, Personification.

6. Special Feature: This poem is very rich in its visual imagery. The poem rolls out before us like a landscape painting. A dense silence runs through the poem. The moon and the mouse are the only moving objects in the poem. The rest of the things mentioned in the poem are at rest in their silvery beauty.

7. Favourite Line: My favourite lines from the poem are:

• “…she peers, and sees/Silver fruit upon silver trees.”
• Couched in his kennel, like a log, With paws of silver sleeps the dog;

8. Why I like the poem: I like the poem for its pleasing rhyme scheme ‘aabb’. I also like the great sound effect the poem produces when we read it aloud.

Activity:

Question 1.
If you were asked to draw a detailed picture of the scene described in the poem, what objects, animals, natural features, etc. will you show in the picture? Make a list.
Answer:
If I was asked to draw a detailed picture of the scene described in the poem, the objects, the picture are:

1. rabbit
2. icy mountains
3. white dog
4. hut
5. river
6. swan
7. racket
8. mirror

Question 2.
Can you think of a parallel animals, natural features, etc. that I would show in dawn/evening when everything is steeped in golden light?
Answer:
Yes, in the evening, the sun sinks below the horizon to set. As it goes lower and lower its dark – orange – crimson rays spread across the sky and the surroundings steep in gold light. It brings an awesome scenery to view.

Question 3.
The same landscape appears different at different times. What message can we draw from this?
Answer:
Two different interpretations can be made from the given sentence:

• A person/an object can have multiple characteristics that reveal in different situations.
• Perception of the same thing may vary from person to person.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Class 9 History Chapter 1 Sources of History Textbook Questions and Answers

1. A Choose the right option and rewrite the sentence.

Class 9 History Chapter 1 Sources Of History Questions And Answers  Question 1.
The National Archives of India is situated at ______.
(a) Pune
(b) New Delhi
(c) Kolkata
(d) Hyderabad
Answer:
(b) New Delhi

Sources of History Class 9 History Chapter 1 Question 2.
The _______ is included among the Audio -Visual media.
(a) Newspaper
(b) Television
(c) All India Radio
(d) Periodicals
Answer:
(b) Television

Question 3.
______ is not included in physical sources.
(a) Coins
(b) Ornaments
(c) Buildings
(d) Proverbs
Answer:
(d) Proverbs

B. Identify the wrong pair and rewrite the corrected one:

Question 1.
(1) Jal Cooper – Philatelist
(2) Kusumagraj – Poet
(3) Anna Bhau Sathe – People’s bard
(4) Amar Shaikh – Art Collector
Answer:
Amar Shaikh – Art Collector

2. Write Short Notes:

Question 1.
Written Sources
Answer:
(i) Any historical document written by hand or typed or in printed form is called written sources.
(ii) The following are included in written sources: Newspapers, Periodicals, Diaries, Reference books, Correspondence, Document in the Archives, Government Gazettes, Postage Stamps, and Encyclopedias.

Question 2.
Press Trust of India (PTI)
Answer:
(i) After 1953, the Press Trust of India has been an important source of primary details of all important events and of articles on important subjects.

(ii) Press Trust of India has provided reports, photographs and articles on financial and scientific issues to newspapers. PTI has now started its online service.

(iii) During the 1990s, PTI started using the ‘satellite broadcast’ technology instead of teleprinters to send news all over the country.

(iv) This material is important for writing the history of modern India.

3. Give reasons:

Question 1.
The postal department tries to preserve the heritage and integrity of Indian culture through postage stamps.
Answer:
(i) Postage stamps reveal a lot to us about changing times due to the variety in the sizes of the stamps, the novelty in their subjects and colour schemes.

(ii) The Postal Department issues postage stamps on a wide variety of themes.

(iii) It issues stamps on political leaders, flowers, animals, birds, an event, or the silver, golden, diamond jubilees or centenary, bicentenary and tercentenary of different events.

(iv) It is therefore, a valuable repository of history.

(v) Thus the postal department tries to preserve the heritage and integrity of Indian culture through postage stamps.

Question 2.
Audio-visual media are an important source for writing the history of modem India.
Answer:
(i) Audio-visual means possessing sound and visual content; for example, films and television

(ii) We have channels like History channel and Discovery channel which telecast footage of historical events in multimedia.

(iii) With the help of satellites, live coverage of all political, social and cultural events is possible across the globe. This helps to create an accountable repository for future reference as well.

(iv) Video libraries possess a vast storage of historical information in audio-visual mode which becomes handy in writing the history of modem India.

Class 9 History Chapter 1 Sources of History Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option from the given options and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
Information and Broadcasting Department published ______, an annual reference book.
(a) India 2000
(b) Incredible India
(c) Indian Horizon
(d) Aspiring India
Answer:
(a) India 2000

Question 2.
The place where historical documents are _______.
preserved is called
(a) Library
(b) Store Room
(c) Archives
(d) History Room
Answer:
(c) Archives

Question 3.
Newspapers are considered the _______ pillar of democracy.
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer:
(d) Fourth

Question 4.
_____ has also produced various documentaries on prominent social leaders, on people who have made major contributions and about important locations in India.
(a) British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
(b) Reuters
(c) Indian News Review
(d) Bloomberg
Answer:
(c) Indian News Review

Question 5.
Aavahan is written on the backdrop of Sino- Indian war by the noted Marathi poet _____.
(a) Narayan Gupte
(b) Kusumagraj
(c) G.D. Madgulkar
(d) Namdeo Dhasal
Answer:
(b) Kusumagraj

Question 6.
Cooper edited _______.
(a) India’s Stamp Journal
(b) Indian Philatelic Magazine
(c) Stamp Synopsis
(d) The Journal of Philatelic Bureau
Answer:
(a) India’s Stamp Journal

Question 7.
After 1953, the ____ has been an important source of primary details of all important events.
(a) Union Trust of India
(b) Press Trust of India
(c) Information and Broadcasting Ministry
(d) Film and Television Institute of India
Answer:
(b) Press Trust of India

Question 8.
Duringthe 1990s, PTI started using ____ technology instead of Teleprinters.
(a) GPS Device
(b) Ultrasonic Gadget
(c) Radio Programming
(d) Satellite Broadcast
Answer:
(d) Satellite Broadcast

Question 9.
The Government of India started the Film and Television Institute of India at Pune in 1960 with the purpose of providing _______.
(a) Entertainment
(b) Public Education
(c) International updates
(d) Intra-societal information
Answer:
(b) Public Education

Question 10.
The Indian government issued the ______ stamp in 1977.
(a) Narsee Monjee
(b) Jal Cooper
(c) Birsa Munda
(d) Senapati Bapat
Answer:
(b) Jal Cooper

Question 11.
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Museum is at ________.
(a) Delhi
(b) Mumbai
(c) Kolkata
(d) Chennai
Answer:
(b) Mumbai

Question 12.
The ______ issues postage stamps on a wide variety of themes.
(a) Publications Division
(b) Postal Department
(c) Income Tax Department
(d) Revenue Department
Answer:
(b) Postal Department

Question 13.
______ prints the notes.
(a) Reserve Bank of India
(b) Union Bank of India
(c) Philatelic Bureau of India
(d) State Bank of India
Answer:
(a) Reserve Bank of India

Question 14.
Empire of India Philatelic Society was founded by ______.
(a) Pherozeshah Mehta
(b) Mahzarin Banaji
(c) Jal Cooper
(d) Dinshaw Patel
Answer:
(c) Jal Cooper

Question 15.
PTI has provided reports, photographs and articles on ___ issues to newspapers.
(a) Therapeutic
(b) Financial and scientific
(c) Demographic and Topographic
(d) Environmental
Answer:
(b) Financial and scientific

Identify and write the wrong pair in the following sets:

Question 1.
(1) Powada – Oral sources
(2) Documentaries – Audio Visual Sources
(3) Coins – Material Sources
(4) Owis – Archaeological Sources
Answer:
Owis – Archaeological Sources

Question 2.
(1) India 2000 – Annual Reference book
(2) Indian News Review – News reels and documentariess.
(3) FTII – Radio Programmes
(4) Reserve Bank of India – Printing notes
Answer:
FTII – Radio Programmes

Question 3.
(1) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Museum – Mumbai
(2) Reserve Bank Museum – Pune
(3) National Archives of India – Calcutta
(4) Film and Television Institute of India – Pune
Answer:
National Archives of India – Calcutta

Do as directed.
Complete the concept map:

Question 1.
Answer:

Question 2.
Answer:

Question 3.
Answer:

Question 4.
Answer:

Write short notes:

Question 1.
Coins
Answer:
(i) We can also understand history with the help of coins and the changes in the printing of currency notes.
(ii) The Reserve Bank of India prints the notes. It has its headquarters in Mumbai.
(iii) The coins from 1950 to those used at present, the metals used for making them, their different shapes, and the diversity of subjects on them together help us to understand the important contemporary issues in India; For example coins to convey the message of population control and coins communicating the importance of agriculture and of farmers.

Question 2.
Jal Cooper
Ans
(i) The Indian government issued the ‘Jal Cooper’ stamp in 1977. Jal Cooper was an internationally acclaimed philatelist, i.e. an expert on the subject of ‘postage stamps’.
(ii) Bom in a Parsi household in Mumbai, Cooper edited ‘India’s Stamp Journal’.
(iii) He was the founder of the first Philatelic Bureau in India, an office that collected stamps. He founded the ‘Empire of India Philatelic Society.
(iv) He went on to write many books on this subject. He gave a scientific bent to his hobby.
(v) He played a pivotal role in taking the study of Indian postage stamps to the international level.
(vi) Having started his career as a postage stamp collector, Cooper achieved the expertise of a philatelist at the international level.
(vii) The postage stamp on Jal Cooper is an important source to understand his significant contribution to this field.

Explain the statements with reason:

Question 1.
Museums reflect the unique heritage of a state.
Answer:
(i) All states of India have museums that depict the characteristics and display the cultural and social heritage of the state.
(ii) They enable us to understand history; For example, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Museum at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank Museum in Pune city.
(iii) Apart from the Government Museums, some private collectors also set up their own museums.
(iv) They are based on distinctive subjects; For example, coins, notes, lamps and nutcrackers in different shapes, cricket equipment, etc.

Read the passage and answer the questions.

The Indian government issued the ‘Jal Cooper’ stamp in 1977. Jal Cooper was an internationally acclaimed philatelist, i.e. an expert on the subject of ‘postage , stamps’. Bom in a Parsi household in Mumbai, Cooper edited ‘India’s Stamp Journal’. He was the founder of the first Philatelic Bureau in India, an , office that collected stamps. He founded the ‘Empire of India Philatelic Society’. He went on to write many , books on this subject. He gave a scientific bend to his , hobby. He played a pivotal role in taking the study of Indian postage stamps to the international level, , Having started his career as a postage stamp collector, Cooper achieved the expertise of a philatelist at the international level. The postage stamp on Jal Cooper , is an important source to understand his significant ,contribution to this field.

Question 1.
Other than Philatelies which other streams of vocation deal with sources of history?
Answer:
Other than Philatelies, other streams of vocation which deal with sources of history are: Numismatics, Museology and Archaeology.

Question 2.
Name the two institution founded by Jal Cooper.
Answer:
Two institutions founded by Jal Cooper are:

(i) The First Philatelic Bureau in India.
(ii) Empire of India Philatelic Society.

Question 3.
Why do you think the government of India issued a postage stamp in the name of Jal Cooper?
Answer:
Jal Cooper is accredited to raise Indian Philatelies to an international level. He nurtured his hobby with great expertise and became a renowned Postage Stamp Collector. To honour his contribution, the government of India issued a postage stamp in his name in 1977.

Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Which information among print media is considered authentic and trustworthy?
Answer:
Among the print media, the information contained in the annual issues of the Publications Division of the Government of India is authentic and trustworthy.
(ii) For example, the Information and Broadcasting Department published ‘INDIA 2000’, an annual reference book.
(iii) ‘ This reference book is created under ‘Research, Reference and Training Department’.

Question 2.
Which sources are included in material sources?
Answer:
The following sources are included in material sources:

• Coins
• Places of worship
• Things in daily use
• Royal seals
• Ornaments
• Museums
• Clothing
• Modern architecture.

Question 3.
Write in brief about museums in India.
Answer:
(i) All states of India have museums that depict the characteristics and display the cultural and social heritage of the state.
(ii) They enable us to understand history (e.g., the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Museum at Mumbai, Reserve Bank Museum in Pune city).
(iii) Apart from the Government Museums, some private collectors also set up their own museums.
(iv) They are based on distinctive subjects; For example, coins, notes, lamps and nutcrackers in different shapes, cricket equipment, etc.

Question 4.
Write briefly about ‘Indian News Review’.
Answer:
(i) An institute called Indian News Review has produced various newsreels on important events in politics, social issues, art, sports and culture.
(ii) This department has also produced various documentaries on prominent social leaders, on people who have made major contributions for the country and about important locations in India.
(iii) These news releases and documentaries are useful for studying the history of modern India.

Question 5.
Oral Sources
Answer:
(i) These sources include folktales, folksongs, proverbs, ballads and owis (Marathi verses in the oral tradition).
(ii) Activists were inspired by the powadas of Lok shahir, Anna Bhau Sathe and Shahir Amar Sheikh during the Sanyukta Maharashtra Movement.

Question 6.
Identify the picture and give relevant information.

Answer:

• The person depicted in the picture is Jal Cooper, an internationally acclaimed philatelist from India.
• Cooper edited ‘India’s stamp Journal’. He was the founder of the First Philatelic Bureau in India, an office that collected stamps. He founded the ‘Empire of India Philatelic Society’.
• The Government of India issued the Jal Cooper Stamp in 1977.

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Maths Digest Pdf Chapter 2 Insurance and Annuity Miscellaneous Exercise 2 Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Insurance and Annuity Miscellaneous Exercise 2

(I) Choose the correct alternative.

Question 1.
“A contract that pledges payment of an agreed-upon amount to the person (or his/her nominee) on the happening of an event covered against” is technically known as
(a) Death coverage
(b) Saving for future
(c) Life insurance
(d) Provident fund
Answer:
(c) Life insurance

Question 2.
Insurance companies collect a fixed amount from their customers at a fixed interval of time. This amount is called
(a) EMI
(b) Installment
(c) Contribution
(d) Premium
Answer:
(d) Premium

Question 3.
Following are different types of insurance.
I. Life insurance
II. Health insurance
III. Liability insurance
(a) Only I
(b) Only II
(c) Only III
(d) All the three
Answer:
(d) All the three

Question 4.
By taking insurance, an individual
(a) Reduces the risk of an accident
(b) Reduces the cost of an accident
(c) Transfers the risk to someone else
(d) Converts the possibility of large loss to the certainty of a small one
Answer:
Converts the possibility of large loss to the certainty of a small one

Question 5.
You get payments of ₹ 8,000 at the beginning of each year for five years ta 6%, what is the value of this annuity?
(a) ₹ 34,720
(b) ₹ 39,320
(c) ₹ 35,720
(d) ₹ 40,000
Answer:
(c) ₹ 35,720

Question 6.
In an ordinary annuity, payments or receipts occur at
(a) Beginning of each period
(b) End of each period
(c) Mid of each period
(d) Quarterly basis
Answer:
(b) End of each period

Question 7.
The amount of money today which is equal to a series of payments in the future is called
(a) Normal value of the annuity
(b) Sinking value of the annuity
(c) Present value of the annuity
(d) Future value of the annuity
Answer:
(c) Present value of the annuity

Question 8.
Rental payment for an apartment is an example of
(a) Annuity due
(b) Perpetuity
(c) Ordinary annuity
(d) Installment
Answer:
(b) Perpetuity

Question 9.
_________ is a series of constant cash flows over a limited period of time.
(a) Perpetuity
(b) Annuity
(c) Present value
(d) Future value
Answer:
(b) Annuity

Question 10.
A retirement annuity is particularly attractive to someone who has
(a) A severe illness
(b) Risk of low longevity
(c) Large family
(d) Chance of high longevity
Answer:
(d) Chance of high longevity

(II) Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
An installment of money paid for insurance is called _________
Answer:
premium

Question 2.
General insurance covers all risks except _________
Answer:
life

Question 3.
The value of insured property is called _________
Answer:
property value

Question 4.
The proportion of property value to insured is called _________
Answer:
policy value

Question 5.
The person who receive annuity is called _________
Answer:
Annuitant

Question 6.
The payment of each single annuity is called _________
Answer:
installment

Question 7.
The intervening time between payment of two successive installments is called as _________
Answer:
payment period

Question 8.
An annuity where payments continue forever is called _________
Answer:
perpetuity

Question 9.
If payments of an annuity fall due at the beginning of every period, the series is called _________
Answer:
annuity due

Question 10.
If payments of an annuity fall due at the end of every period, the series is called annuity _________
Answer:
immediate

(III) State whether each of the following is True or False.

Question 1.
General insurance covers life, fire, and theft.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
The amount of claim cannot exceed the amount of loss.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Accident insurance has a period of five years.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Premium is the amount paid to the insurance company every month.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Payment of every annuity is called an installment.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Annuity certainly begins on a fixed date and ends when an event happens.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Annuity contingent begins and ends on certain fixed dates.
Answer:
False

Question 8.
The present value of an annuity is the sum of the present value of all installments.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
The future value of an annuity is the accumulated value of all installments.
Answer:
False

Question 10.
The sinking fund is set aside at the beginning of a business.
Answer:
True

(IV) Solve the following problems.

Question 1.
A house valued at ₹ 8,00,000 is insured at 75% of its value. If the rate of premium is 0.80%. Find the premium paid by the owner of the house. If the agent’s commission is 9% of the premium, find the agent’s commission.
Solution:
Property value = ₹ 8,00,000
Policy value = 75% × 8,00,000 = ₹ 6,00,000
∵ Rate of Premium = 0.80%
∴ Amount of Premium = 0.80% × 6,00,000 = ₹ 4,800
∵ Rate of commission = 9%
∴ Agent commission = 9% × 4800 = ₹ 432

Question 2.
A shopkeeper insures his shop and godown are valued at ₹ 5,00,000 and ₹ 10,00,000 respectively for 80% of their values. If the rate of premium is 8%, find the total annual premium.
Solution:
Property value of shop = ₹ 5,00,000
∴ Policy value = 80% × 5,00,000 = ₹ 4,00,000
∵ Rate of Premium = 8%
∴ Amount of premium = 8% × 4,00,000 = ₹ 32,000
∵ Property value of Godown = ₹ 10,00,000
∴ Policy value = 80% × 10,00,000 = ₹ 8,00,000
∵ Rate of Premium = 8%
∴ Amount of Premium = 8% × 8,00,000 = ₹ 64,000
∴ Total annual Premium = 64,000 + 32,000 = ₹ 96,000

Question 3.
A factory building is insured for \(\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)^{\text {th }}\) of its value at a rate of premium of 2.50%. If the agent is paid a commission of ₹ 2,812.50, which is 7.5% of the premium, find the value of the building.
Solution:
Let the Property value be ₹ x
∴ Policy value = ₹ \(\frac{5 x}{6}\)
∵ Rate of premium = 2.50%
∴ Amount of premium = \(\frac{5 x}{6}\) × 2.50% = ₹ \(\frac{x}{48}\)
∵ Rate of Agent commission = 7.5%
∴ Agent commission = 7.5% × \(\frac{x}{48}\)
∴ 2812.50 = \(\frac{x}{640}\)
∴ 2812.50 × 640 = x
∴ x = ₹ 18,00,000
∴ Value of the building is ₹ 18,00,000.

Question 4.
A merchant takes a fire insurance policy to cover 80% of the value of his stock. Stock worth ₹ 80,000 was completely destroyed in a fire. While the rest of the stock was reduced to 20% of its value. If the proportional compensation under the policy was ₹ 67,200, find the value of the stock.
Solution:
Let the Property value be ₹ x
∴ Policy value 80% × x = ₹ \(\frac{4 x}{5}\)
∵ Complete loss = ₹ 80,000
∴ Partial loss = 20% × (x – 8,00,000) = \(\frac{x-80,000}{5}\)
∴ Total loss = 80,000 + \(\frac{x-80,000}{5}\) = \(\frac{x}{5}\) + 64,000
∵ Claim = ₹ 67,200

∴ x = ₹ 1,00,000
∴ The value of the stock is ₹ 1,00,000.

Question 5.
A 35-year old person takes a policy for ₹ 1,00,000 for a period of 20 years. The rate of premium is ₹ 76 and the average rate of bonus is ₹ 7 per thousand p.a. If he dies after paying 10 annual premiums, what amount will his nominee receive?
Solution:
Policy value = ₹ 1,00,000
Period of Policy = 20 years
∵ Rate of premium = ₹ 76 per thousand
∴ Amount of premium = \(\frac{76}{1,000}\) × 1,00,000 = ₹ 7,600
∴ Total Premium = 7,600 × 10 = ₹ 76,000
∴ Rate of Bonus = ₹ 7 per thousand p.a
∴ Total Bonus = \(\frac{7}{1,000}\) × 1,00,000 = ₹ 7,000
∴ Amount received by Nominee = Policy value + Bonus earned
= 1,00,000 + 7,000
= ₹ 1,07,000

Question 6.
15,000 articles costing ₹ 200 per dozen were insured against fire for ₹ 1,00,000. If 20% of the articles were burnt completely and 2,400 other articles were damaged to the extent of 80% of their value, find the amount that can be claimed under the policy.
Solution:
Total Articles = 15,000
∴ Property value = \(\frac{15,000}{12}\) × 200 = 2,50,000
∵ Policy value = ₹ 1,00,000
∴ Complete loss = 20% × 2,50,000 = ₹ 50,000
∴ Partial loss = 80% × \(\frac{2,400}{12}\) × 200 = ₹ 3,20,000
∴ Total loss = 32,000 + 50,000 = ₹ 82,000
∴ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{1,00,000}{2,50,000}\) × 82,000
= ₹ 32,800

Question 7.
For what amount should a cargo worth ₹ 25,350 be insured so that in the event of a total loss, its value, as well as the cost of insurance, may be recovered when the rate of premium is 2.5%.
Solution:
Let the policy value be ₹ 100 which includes the cost of insurance and premium
∴ Property value = 100 – 2.50 = ₹ 97.50
If the value of the cargo is ₹ 97.50, then the policy value is ₹ 100.
If the value of the cargo is ₹ 25,350, then
Policy value = \(\frac{100 \times 25,350}{97.50}\) = ₹ 26,000

Question 8.
A cargo of grain is insured at \(\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)\)% to cover 70% of its value. ₹1,008 is the amount of premium paid. If the grain is worth ₹ 12 per kg, how many kg of the grain did the cargo contain?
Solution:
Let the Property value be ₹ x
∴ policy value = 70% × x = ₹ \(\frac{7 x}{10}\)
∵ Rate of premium = \(\frac{3}{4}\)%
∴ Amount of premium = Rate × Policy value

∴ x = ₹ 1,92,000
∵ Rate of Jowar = ₹ 12/kg
∴ Quantity of Jowar = \(\frac{1,92,000}{12}\) = 16,000 kgs

Question 9.
4,000 bedsheets worth ₹ 6,40,000 were insured for \(\left(\frac{3}{7}\right)^{t h}\) of their value. Some of
the bedsheets were damaged in the rainy season and were reduced to 40% of their value. If the amount recovered against damage was ₹ 32,000. Find the number of damaged bedsheets.
Solution:
∵ Property value = ₹ 6,40,000
∴ Policy value = 6,40,000 × \(\frac{3}{7}\) = ₹ \(\frac{19,20,000}{7}\)
∴ Cost of one Bedsheet = \(\frac{6,40,000}{4,000}\) = ₹ 160
Let ‘x’ bedsheets be damaged.
∴ Cost of x bedsheets = ₹ 160x

∴ 875 Bedsheets damaged.

Question 10.
A property valued at ₹ 7,00,000 is insured to the extent of ₹ 5,60,000 at \(\left(\frac{5}{8}\right)\)% less 20%. Calculate the saving made in the premium. Find the amount of loss that the owner must bear, including premium, if the property is damaged to the extent of 40% of its value.
Solution:
∵ Property value = ₹ 7,00,000
∵ Policy value = ₹ 5,60,000
∵ Rate of premium = \(\frac{5}{8}\)%
∴ Amount of premium = \(\frac{5}{8}\)% × 5,60,000 = ₹ 3,500
New rate of premium = \(\frac{5}{8}\)% less 20%
= \(\frac{5}{8}\) – [20% x \(\frac{5}{8}\)]
= \(\frac{5}{8}\) – \(\frac{1}{8}\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)%
∴ Amount of premium = \(\frac{1}{2}\)% × 5,60,000 = ₹ 2,800
∴ Saving made in premium = 3,500 – 2,800 = ₹ 700
∴ Loss = 7,00,000 × 40% = 2,80,000
∴ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{5,60,000}{7,00,000}\) × 2,80,000
= ₹ 2,24,000
∴ Loss bear by owner = loss – claim + premium
= 2,80,000 – 2,24,000 + 2,800
= ₹ 58,800

Question 11.
Stocks in a shop and godown worth ₹ 75,000 and ₹ 1,30,000 respectively were insured through an agent who receive 15% of the premium as commission. If the shop was insured for 80% and godown for 60% of the value, find the amount of agent’s commission when the premium was 0.80% less 20%. If the entire stock in the shop and 20% stock in the godown is destroyed by fire, find the amount that can be claimed under the policy.
Solution:
∵ Rate of premium = 0.80% less 20%
= 0.80 – 20% × 0.80
= 0.80 – 0.16
= 0.64%
For Shop
∵ Property value = ₹ 75,000
∴ Policy value = 80% × 75,000 = ₹ 60,000
∴ Premium = 0.64% × 60,000 = ₹ 384
∵ Loss = ₹ 75,000
∵ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{60,000}{75,000}\) × 75,000
= ₹ 60,000
For Godown
∵ Property value = ₹ 1,30,000
∴ Policy value = 60% × 1,30,000 = ₹ 78,000
∴ Premium = 0.64% × 78,000 = ₹ 499.2
Loss = 20% × 1,30,000 = ₹ 26,000
∴ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{78,000}{1,30,000}\) × 26,000
= ₹ 15,600
Total claim = 16,600 + 60,000 = ₹ 75,600
∵ Rate of commission = 15%
∴ Agent commission = 15% × [384 + 499.2]
= 15% × 883.2
= ₹ 132.48

Question 12.
A person holding a life policy of ₹ 1,20,000 for a term of 25 years wants to discontinue after paying a premium for 8 years at the rate of ₹ 58 per thousand p.a. Find the amount of paid-up value he will receive on the policy. Find the amount he will receive if the surrender value granted is 35% of the premium paid, excluding the first year’s premium.
Solution:
Policy value = ₹ 1,20,000
∵ Rate of premium = ₹ 58 per thousand p.a.
∴ Premium for 8 years = \(\frac{8 \times 58}{1000}\) × 1,20,000 = ₹ 55,680
∴ Amount of 1st premium = \(\frac{55,680}{8}\) = ₹ 6,960
∵ Paid-up value of policy = \(\frac{\text { No of Premium paid }}{\text { Terms of policy }}\) × Policy value
= \(\frac{8}{25}\) × 1,20,000
= ₹ 38,400
∵ Surrender value = 35% × [Total premium – 1st year premium]
= 35% × [55,680 – 6,960]
= 35% × 48,720
= ₹ 17,052

Question 13.
A godown valued at ₹ 80,000 contained stock worth ₹ 4,80,000. Both were insured against fire. Godown for ₹ 50,000 and stock for 80% of its value. A part of stock worth ₹ 60,000 was completely destroyed and the rest was reduced to 60% of its value. The amount of damage to the godown is ₹ 40,000. Find the amount that can be claimed under the policy.
Solution:
For Godown
∵ Property value = ₹ 80,000
∵ Policy value = ₹ 50,000
∵ Loss = ₹ 40,000
∵ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{50,000}{80,000}\) × 40,000
= ₹ 25,000
For stock
∵ Property value = ₹ 4,80,000
∵ Policy value = 80% × 4,80,000 = ₹ 3,84,000
∵ Complete loss = ₹ 60,000
∴ Partial loss = (100 – 60)% × [4,80,000 – 60,000]
= 40% × 4,20,000
= ₹ 1,68,000
∴ Total loss = 1,68,000 + 60000 = ₹ 2,28,000
∴ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{3,84,000}{4,80,000}\) × 2,28,000
= ₹ 1,82,400
∴ Total claim = 25,000 + 1,82,400 = ₹ 2,07,400

Question 14.
Find the amount of an ordinary annuity if a payment of ₹ 500 is made at the end of every quarter for 5 years at the rate of 12% per annum compounded quarterly. [Given: (1.03)²⁰ = 1.8061]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 500
∵ r = 12% p.a. compounded quarterly,
∴ r = \(\frac{12}{4}\) = 3%
∵ n = 5 years
But, payment is made quarterly
∴ n = 5 × 4 = 20

Question 15.
Find the amount a company should set aside at the end of every year if it wants to buy a machine expected to cost ₹ 1,00,000 at the end of 4 years and interest rate is 5% p.a. compounded annually.
Solution:
∵ A = ₹ 1,00,000
∵ r = 5% p.a.
∴ i = \(\frac{r}{100}=\frac{5}{100}\) = 0.05
∵ n = 4 years
∵ A = \(\frac{C}{i}\left[(1+\mathrm{i})^{n}-1\right]\)
∴ 1,00,000 = \(\frac{C}{0.05}\)[(1 + 0.05)⁴ – 1]
∴ 1,00,000 × 0.05 = C [(1.05)⁴ – 1]
∴ 5,000 = C(1.2155 – 1)
∴ 5,000 = C × 0.2155
∴ \(\frac{5,000}{0.2155}\) = C
∴ C = ₹ 23,201.86

Question 16.
Find the least number of years for which an annuity of ₹ 3,000 per annum must run in order that its amount exceeds ₹ 60,000 at 10%compounded annually. [Given: (1.1)¹¹ = 2,8531, (1.1)¹² = 3.1384]
Solution:
∵ A = ₹ 60,000
∵ C = ₹ 3,000
∵ r = 10% p.a.
∴ i = \(\frac{r}{100}=\frac{10}{100}\) = 0.1
∵ A = \(\frac{C}{i}\left[(1+i)^{n}-1\right]\)
∴ 60,000 = \(\frac{3,000}{0.1}\left[(1+0.1)^{n}-1\right]\)
∴ 60,000 = 30,000[(1.1)ⁿ – 1]
∴ \(\frac{60,000}{30,000}\) + 1 = (1.1)ⁿ
∴ 2 + 1 = (1.1)ⁿ
∴ 3 = (1.1)ⁿ
Taking log
∴ log 3 = log (1.1)ⁿ
∴ log 3 = n log(1.1)
∴ \(\frac{\log 3}{\log 1.1}\) = n
∴ n = \(\frac{0.4771}{0.0414}\) = 11.52 ~ 12 years

Question 17.
Find the rate of interest compounded annually if an ordinary annuity of ₹ 20,000 per year amounts to ₹ 41,000 in 2 years.
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 20,000
∵ A = ₹ 41,000
∵ n = 2 years

∴ r = 5% p.a.

Question 18.
A person purchases a television by paying ₹ 20,000 in cash and promising to pay ₹ 1,000 at the end of every month for the next 2 years. If money is worth 12% p.a., converted monthly. Find the cash price of the television. [Given: (1.01)^-24 = 0.7880]
Solution:
Down payment = ₹ 20,000
∵ n = 2 years
But, EMI Payable monthly
∴ n = 2 × 12 = 24
∵ r = 12% p.a. compounded monthly

∴ P = 1,00,00 × 0.2120
∴ P = ₹ 21,200
Cash price = Present value + Down payment
= 21,200 + 20,000
= ₹ 41,200

Question 19.
Find the present value of an annuity immediate of ₹ 20,000 per annum for 3 years at 10% p.a. compounded annually. [Given: (1.1)^-3 = 0.7513]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 20,000
∵ n = 3 years
∵ r = 10% p.a.

∴ P = 2,00,000 [1 – 0.7513]
∴ P = 2,00,000 [0.2487]
∴ P = ₹ 49,740

Question 20.
A man borrowed some money and paid it back in 3 equal installments of ₹ 2,160 each. What amount did he borrow if the rate of interest was 20% per annum compounded annually? Also, find the total interest charged. [Given: (1.2)^-3 = 0.5788]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 2,160
∵ n = 3
∵ r = 20% p.a.

∴ P = ₹ 6,251.04
∴ Total amount paid = 2,160 × 3 = ₹ 6,480
∴ Interest = 6,480 – 6,251.04 = ₹ 228.96

Question 21.
A company decides to set aside a certain amount at the end of every year to create a sinking fund that should amount to ₹ 9,28,200 in 4 years at 10% p.a. Find the amount to be set aside every year. [Given: (1.1)⁴ = 1.4641]
Solution:
∵ A = ₹ 9,28,200
∵ n = 4 years
∵ r = 10% p.a.

∴ 9,28,200 × 0.1 = C[1.4641 – 1]
∴ 92,820 = C × 0.4641
∴ \(\frac{92,820}{0.4641}\) = C
∴ C = ₹ 2,00,000

Question 22.
Find the future value after 2 years if an amount of ₹ 12,000 is invested at the end of every half-year at 12% p.a. compounded half-yearly. [Given: (1.06)⁴ = 1.2625]
Solution:
∵ n = 2 years
Payable half yearly, n = 2 × 2 = 4
∵ C = ₹ 12,000
∵ r = 12% p.a. Compounded half yearly


∴ A = 1,00,000 [1.2625 – 1]
∴ A = 1,00,000 × 0.2625
∴ A = ₹ 26,250

Question 23.
After how many years would an annuity due of ₹ 3,000 p.a. accumulated ₹ 19,324.80 at 20% p.a. compounded annually? [Given: (1.2)⁴ = 2.0736]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 3,000
∵ A = ₹ 9,324.80
∵ r = 20% p.a.

∴ 19,324.80 = 15,000 × 1.2[(1.2)ⁿ – 1]
∴ 19,324.80 = 18,000[(1.2)ⁿ – 1]
∴ \(\frac{19,324.80}{18,000}\) + 1 = (1.2)ⁿ
∴ 1.0736 + 1 = (1.2)ⁿ
∴ 2.0736 = (1.2)ⁿ
∴ (1.2)⁴ = (1.2)ⁿ
∴ n = 4 years

Question 24.
Some machinery is expected to cost 25% more over its present cost of ₹ 6,96,000 after 20 yeas. The scrap value of the machinery will realize ₹ 1,50,000. What amount should be set aside at the end of every year at 5% p.a. compound interest for 20 years to replace the machinery? [Given: (1.05)²⁰ = 2655]
Solution:
Present cost = ₹ 6,96,000
Expected cost = 25% × 6,96,000 + 6,96,000
= 1,74,000 + 6,96,000
= ₹ 8,70,000
∴ Scrap value = ₹ 1,50,000
∴ Sinking fund = 8,70,000 – 1,50,000 = ₹ 7,20,000
∴ A = ₹ 7,20,000, n = 20 years, r = 5% p.a.

∴ 7,20,000 × 0.05 = C[(1.05)²⁰ – 1]
∴ 36,000 = C[2.655 – 1]
∴ 36,000 = C × 1.655
∴ \(\frac{36,000}{1.655}\) = C
∴ C = ₹ 21,752.27

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Maths Solution Book Pdf Chapter 3 Differentiation Miscellaneous Exercise 3 Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Differentiation Miscellaneous Exercise 3

(I) Choose the correct alternative:

Question 1.
If y = (5x³ – 4x² – 8x)⁹, then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = ___________
(a) 9(5x³ – 4x² – 8x)⁸ (15x² – 8x – 8)
(b) 9(5x³ – 4x² – 8x)⁹ (15x² – 8x – 8)
(c) 9(5x³ – 4x² – 8x)⁸ (5x² – 8x – 8)
(d) 9(5x³ – 4x² – 8x)⁹ (5x² – 8x – 8)
Answer:
(a) 9(5x³ – 4x² – 8x)⁸ (15x² – 8x – 8)

Question 2.
If y = \(\sqrt{x+\frac{1}{x}}\), then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = ?
(a) \(\frac{x^{2}-1}{2 x^{2} \sqrt{x^{2}+1}}\)
(b) \(\frac{1-x^{2}}{2 x^{2} \sqrt{x^{2}+1}}\)
(c) \(\frac{x^{2}-1}{2 x \sqrt{x} \sqrt{x^{2}+1}}\)
(d) \(\frac{1-x^{2}}{2 x \sqrt{x} \sqrt{x^{2}+1}}\)
Answer:
(c) \(\frac{x^{2}-1}{2 x \sqrt{x} \sqrt{x^{2}+1}}\)
Hint:

Question 3.
If y = \(e^{\log x}\) then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = ?
(a) \(\frac{e^{\log x}}{x}\)
(b) \(\frac{1}{x}\)
(c) 0
(d) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Answer:
(a) \(\frac{e^{\log x}}{x}\)

Question 4.
If y = 2x² + 2² + a², then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = ?
(a) x
(b) 4x
(c) 2x
(d) -2x
Answer:
(b) 4x

Question 5.
If y = 5^x . x⁵, then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = ?
(a) 5^x . x⁴(5 + log 5)
(b) 5^x . x⁵(5 + log 5)
(c) 5^x . x⁴(5 + x log 5)
(d) 5^x . x⁵(5 + x log 5)
Answer:
(c) 5^x . x⁴(5 + x log 5)

Question 6.
If y = \(\log \left(\frac{e^{x}}{x^{2}}\right)\) then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = ?
(a) \(\frac{2-x}{x}\)
(b) \(\frac{x-2}{x}\)
(c) \(\frac{e-x}{ex}\)
(d) \(\frac{x-e}{ex}\)
Answer:
(b) \(\frac{x-2}{x}\)
Hint:

Question 7.
If ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0, then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = ?
(a) \(\frac{(a x+h y)}{(h x+b y)}\)
(b) \(\frac{-(a x+h y)}{(h x+b y)}\)
(c) \(\frac{(a x-h y)}{(h x+b y)}\)
(d) \(\frac{(2 a x+h y)}{(h x+3 b y)}\)
Answer:
(b) \(\frac{-(a x+h y)}{(h x+b y)}\)

Question 8.
If x⁴ . y⁵ = (x + y)^(m+1) and \(\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{y}{x}\) then m = ?
(a) 8
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 20
Answer:
(a) 8
Hint:
If x^p . y^q = (x + y)^p+q, then \(\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{y}{x}\)
∴ m + 1 = 4 + 5 = 9
∴ m = 8.

Question 9.
If x = \(\frac{e^{t}+e^{-t}}{2}\), y = \(\frac{e^{t}-e^{-t}}{2}\) then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = ?
(a) \(\frac{-y}{x}\)
(b) \(\frac{y}{x}\)
(c) \(\frac{-x}{y}\)
(d) \(\frac{x}{y}\)
Answer:
(d) \(\frac{x}{y}\)
Hint:

Question 10.
If x = 2at², y = 4at, then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = ?
(a) \(-\frac{1}{2 a t^{2}}\)
(b) \(\frac{1}{2 a t^{3}}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{t}\)
(d) \(\frac{1}{4 a t^{3}}\)
Answer:
(c) \(\frac{1}{t}\)

(II) Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
If 3x²y + 3xy² = 0 then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = …………
Answer:
-1
Hint:
3x²y + 3xy² = 0
∴ 3xy(x + y) = 0
∴ x + y = 0
∴ y = -x
∴ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = -1

Question 2.
If x^m . yⁿ = (x+y)^(m+n) then \(\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{\ldots \ldots}{x}\)
Answer:
y

Question 3.
If 0 = log(xy) + a then \(\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{-y}{\ldots . .}\)
Answer:
x

Question 4.
If x = t log t and y = t^t then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = …………
Answer:
y
Hint:
x = t log t = log t^t = log y
∴ 1 = \(\frac{1}{y} \cdot \frac{d y}{d x}\)
∴ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = y

Question 5.
If y = x . log x then \(\frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}\) = …………..
Answer:
\(\frac{1}{x}\)

Question 6.
If y = [log(x)]² then \(\frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}\) = …………..
Answer:
\(\frac{2(1-\log x)}{x^{2}}\)
Hint:

Question 7.
If x = y + \(\frac{1}{y}\) then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = …………
Answer:
\(\frac{y^{2}}{y^{2}-1}\)
Hint:

Question 8.
If y = e^ax, then x.\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = …………
Answer:
axy

Question 9.
If x = t . log t, y = t^t then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = …………
Answer:
y

Question 10.
If y = \(\left(x+\sqrt{x^{2}-1}\right)^{m}\) then \(\sqrt{\left(x^{2}-1\right)} \frac{d y}{d x}\) = ………
Answer:
my
Hint:

(III) State whether each of the following is True or False:

Question 1.
If f’ is the derivative of f, then the derivative of the inverse of f is the inverse of f’.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
The derivative of log_a x, where a is constant is \(\frac{1}{x \cdot \log a}\).
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The derivative of f(x) = a^x, where a is constant is x . a^x-1
Answer:
False

Question 4.
The derivative of a polynomial is polynomial.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
\(\frac{d}{d x}\left(10^{x}\right)=x \cdot 10^{x-1}\)
Answer:
False

Question 6.
If y = log x, then \(\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{1}{x}\).
Answer:
True

Question 7.
If y = e², then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2e.
Answer:
False

Question 8.
The derivative of a^x is a^x. log a.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
The derivative of x^m . yⁿ = (x + y)^(m+n) is \(\frac{x}{y}\)
Answer:
False

(IV) Solve the following:

Question 1.
If y = (6x³ – 3x² – 9x)¹⁰, find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\)
Solution:
Given y = (6x³ – 3x² – 9x)¹⁰

Question 2.
If y = \(\sqrt[5]{\left(3 x^{2}+8 x+5\right)^{4}}\), find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\).
Solution:

Question 3.
If y = [log(log(log x))]², find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\).
Solution:

Question 4.
Find the rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect to its price (y) if y = 25 + 30x – x².
Solution:

Question 5.
Find the rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect to its price (y) if y = \(\frac{5 x+7}{2 x-13}\)
Solution:

Question 6.
Find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) if y = x^x.
Solution:
y = x^x
∴ log y = log x^x = x log x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

Question 7.
Find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) if y = \(2^{x^{x}}\).
Solution:

Question 8.
Find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\), if y = \(\sqrt{\frac{(3 x-4)^{3}}{(x+1)^{4}(x+2)}}\)
Solution:

Question 9.
Find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) if y = x^x + (7x – 1)^x
Solution:

Question 10.
If y = x³ + 3xy² + 3x²y, find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\).
Solution:
y = x³ + 3xy² + 3x²y
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

Question 11.
If x³ + y² + xy = 7, find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\).
Solution:
x³ + y² + xy = 7
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

Question 12.
If x³y³ = x² – y², find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\).
Solution:
x³y³ = x² – y²
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

Question 13.
If x⁷ . y⁹ = (x + y)¹⁶, then show that \(\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{y}{x}\).
Solution:

Question 14.
If x^a . y^b = (x + y)^a+b, then show that \(\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{y}{x}\).
Solution:

Question 15.
Find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) if x = 5t², y = 10t.
Solution:
x = 5t², y = 10t
Differentiating x and y w.r.t. t, we get

Question 16.
Find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) if x = e^3t, y = \(e^{\sqrt{t}}\).
Solution:
x = e^3t, y = \(e^{\sqrt{t}}\)
Differentiating x and y w.r.t. t, we get

Question 17.
Differentiate log(1 + x²) with respect to a^x.
Solution:
Let u = log(1 + x²) and v = a^x
Then we want to find \(\frac{d u}{d v}\)
Differentiating u and v w.r.t. x, we get

Question 18.
Differentiate e^(4x+5) with resepct to 10^4x.
Solution:
Let u = e^(4x+5) and v = 10^4x
Then we want to find \(\frac{d u}{d v}\)
Differentiating u and v w.r.t. x, we get

Question 19.
Find \(\frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}\), if y = log x.
Solution:
y = log x
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
\(\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{d}{d x}(\log x)=\frac{1}{x}\)
Differentiating again w.r.t. x, we get
\(\frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}=\frac{d}{d x}\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)=-\frac{1}{x^{2}}\)

Question 20.
Find \(\frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}\), if y = 2at, x = at².
Solution:
x = at², y = 2at
Differentiating x and y w.r.t. t, we get

Question 21.
Find \(\frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}\), if y = x² . e^x
Solution:
y = x² . e^x
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

= e^x (2x + 2 + x² + 2x)
= e^x (x² + 4x + 2).

Question 22.
If x² + 6xy + y² = 10, then show that \(\frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}=\frac{80}{(3 x+y)^{3}}\).
Solution:
x² + 6xy + y² = 10 ……..(1)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. a, we get

Question 23.
If ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0, then show that \(\frac{d^{2} y}{d x^{2}}\) = 0.
Solution:
ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0 ……..(1)
∴ ax² + hxy + hxy + by² = 0
∴ x(ax + hy) + y(hx + by) = 0
∴ x(ax + hy) = -y(hx + by)
∴ \(\frac{a x+h y}{h x+b y}=-\frac{y}{x}\) …….(2)
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. x, we get

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 4.2 Reading Works of Art Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.2 Reading Works of Art

My English Coursebook Std 9 Guide Chapter 4.2 Reading Works of Art Textbook Questions and Answers

English Workshop:

1. Spot the error in the spellings of the following words with reference to the passage and rewrite them correctly.

Question 1.
Spot the error in the spellings of the following words with reference to the passage and rewrite them correctly.

1. renouned
2.  feetures
3. pentmgs
4. circals
5. inflar
6. geometic
7. figars
8. achiving.

Answer:

1. renowned
2. features
3. paintings
4. circles
5. inner
6. geometric
7. figures
8. achieving.

2. Complete the following diagram:

Question 1.
Complete the following diagram:

Answer:

3. Complete the following sentences with reference to the passage:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences with reference to the passage:
(a) Raza’s paintings do not depict …………………. .
(b) Raza’s paintings are done in the style ……………… .
(c) Raza’s paintings are not inspired by ………………. .
(d) Raza’s paintings present images from his own …………….. .
(e) Raza’s paintings radiate ……………. .
(f) The …………….. became the core of Raza’s paintings.
(g) For an artist like Raza, his work, or paintings are an effective …………………. .
Answer:
(a) Raza’s paintings do not depict lifelike human figures or copies of scenes.
(b) Raza’s paintings are done in the abstract style.
(c) Raza’s paintings are not inspired by any external factor.
(d) Raza’s paintings present images from his own inner mind.
(e) Raza’s paintings radiate peace.
(f) The bindu or point became the core of Raza’s paintings.
(g) For an artist like Raza, his work, or paintings are an effective medium of communication.

4. Read the passage on ‘Gond Art’ carefully. Then complete the following sentences without going back to the passage:

Question 1.
Read the passage on ‘Gond Art’ carefully. Then complete the following sentences without going back to the passage:
Answer:

1. Gond art is a tribal art.
2. The Gondi language is similar to Telugu, a Dravidian language.
3. Originally people used to draw pictures on the earthen walls of their houses.
4. In folk arts, you yourself prepare the ‘canvas’ – the surface on which to draw and the colours with which you draw.

5. Write about the following important features of Gond art with the help of the passage.

Question 1.
Write about the following important features of Gond art with the help of the passage.

Answer:
1. Developed and Preserved by: The Gond tribal people residing largely in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha in India.
2. A medium of: It is a medium of expressing, recording and preserving what is seen. people used to draw pictures on earthen walls of their homes itself.
3. Preparing colours: In the days of the past several things in nature such as soil of different shades, the juice of plants, leaves, tree bark, flowers, fruits and even things like coal and cow-dung were used to prepare colours.
4. Outlines: In the Gond style of art, the designs may vary a little from artist to artist but the designs that fill it make the whole picture look lively and attractive.
5. Variation in drawing: The colours, textures and patterns used in drawing vary from painting to painting.
6. Texture designs: By using dots, straight lines, dotted lines, curvy shapes and circles simple texture designs are made.

6. Why does the author think that the roots of folk art lie in women’s chores?

Question 1.
Why does the author think that the roots of folk art lie in women’s chores?
Answer:
In the past, it was the duty of women to look after her home and hearth. It included decorating the house with different things like flowers, rangolis. They handled it very creatively while shouldering the other responsibilities of their home. They used their own creativity while doing it, so the author thinks that the roots of folk art lies in women’s chores.

7. From the passages, list the words related to – (a) geometry (b) colours (c) designs.

Question (a)
geometry
Answer:

Question (b)
colours
Answer:

Question (c)
designs.
Answer:
human figures, scenes, abstract.

8. These two passages are examples of a short introduction to works of art – a short review. They cover the following points:

Question 1.
These two passages are examples of a short introduction to works of art – a short review. They cover the following points:
Answer:

1. The name of the creator
2. The theme or subject matter
3. Type of art
4. Individual style
5. Presentation techniques
6. Its effect on viewers
7. Message or interpretation

Question 2.
What points will you include if you had to review a book or film or a play? List the points.
Answer:
If I had to review a book, a film or play, I would like to include the following points:

1. The theme of the book/film/play.
2. The plot and the story.
3. The characters in the book/film/play.
4. Flow of language and style of narration.
5. Authenticity of the book/film/play (story).
6. The message conveyed in the book/film/play.

Question 3.
Choose a book/film and review it in short using the points you have listed.
Answer:
Review of the book

The Three Mistakes of My Life

‘The Three Mistakes of My Life’ is a novel written by Chetan Bhagat who writes about Indians and for Indians. His characters are young and passionate. The novel follows the story of three friends and is based in the city of Ahmedabad in Gujarat.

Govind Jaat Patel is an ordinary guy with whom anybody can relate. Being a Gujarati his ambition is to become a businessman. His friend is Omi who is the son of a Hindu priest of the local temple. He is confused about his religious views which are mainly influenced by Bitoo Mama. Ishan is a big cricket freak and a patriot.

He was the best cricketer in his locality and school. He helps Govind’s business by organizing daily cricket coaching camps. He has a younger sister Vidya who is weak in Mathematics. Ishan asks Govind to take her Mathematics tuition. In between their tuition, they fall in love which is kept secret.

The whole story revolves around Govind and his friends and the three mistakes he made. It is pop- fiction of lightest, laziest sort, which tackles serious real-life issues and incidents giving it a veneer of earnest thoughtfulness that stands up to nothing. It is written simply and has the quality that makes one want to read the book in one sitting. The target audience of the book is the young generation. It is based on fun, emotion and pace to turn it into a potential best-seller.

9. You know that an adverb is a word that tells us something more about a verb, an adjective, another adverb etc. It can give us information about the place, time, manner etc. of the action denoted by the verb.

For example, ‘here’ tells us a place. ‘Now’ gives us information about time. ‘Fast’ gives us information about manner. In the same way, an adverb clause is a group of words that can also tell us something about place, time, manner etc. of the action denoted by the verb. Read the following examples, given and then complete the sentence using your own ideas:

Question (a)
Place: You may sit wherever you like.
You may sit ………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Place: You may sit wherever you like.
You may sit next to Ishan.

Question (b)
Time: I entered the school when the bell was ringing.
I entered the school ……………………..
Answer:
(b) Time: I entered the school when the bell was ringing.
I entered the school with my classmates.

Question (c)
Manner: I love my country like a true Indian should.
I love my country………………………….
Answer:
(c) manner: I love my country like a true Indian should.
I like my country more than you.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 4.2 Reading Works of Art Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Name the following:
Answer:

1. The state where Raza was born – Madhya Pradesh
2. The institute where he studied art – Chitrakala Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur
3. The institute where he took his higher education in Mumbai – J. J. School of Art, Mumbai
4. The country he settled – France

Question 2.
Complete the following web :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 3.
Complete the following sentences with reference to the passage: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. Raza passed away on 23rd July 2016.
2. Raza’s wife was French.

Question 4.
Complete the following web-chart:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
How did Raza And his paintings?
Answer:
Raza found his paintings through the study of Indian art and its heritage, cultural context and philosophy.

Question 2.
What are the specialities of Raza’s paintings?
Answer:
The specialities of Raza’s paintings are:

1. His paintings belong to the abstract style of paintings.
2. They are not inspired by any external factor whereas based on inner mind of the painter.
3. They communicate with the viewers.

Question 3.
What are Raza’s paintings based on? How did he describe his work?
Answer:
Raza’s paintings are based on spirituality, metaphysical path and the bindu or point. He described his work as his own inner experience and involvement with the mysteries of nature and form, which is expressed in colour, line, space and light.

Question 4.
What legacy did Raza leave behind?
Answer:
Raza left behind a rich legacy of sensitive paintings (achieved through extraordinary compositions of lines and colours) that depict extraordinary compositions.

Question 5.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. In the Gond style of art, outlines may vary from artist to artist but the designs that fill it make the whole picture look lively and attractive.
2. The designs in Gond style art contain simple textures of dots, straight lines, dotted lines, curvy shapes and circles.

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Find out antonyms from the passage for the following words: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. outer × inner
2. city × village
3. ordinary × extraordinary
4. international × national

Question 2.
Spot the error in the spelling of the following words and rewrite them correctly:
1. dicided
2. diffarent
Answer:
1. decided
2. different.

Question 3.
Write related words with “Artist”.
Answer:
design, outlines, picture, texture, pattern, style.

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Question 1.
Identify the tense:
1. You will find them in almost all paintings.
2. Raza found his paintings through his study of Indian art.
Answer:
1. Simple future tense
2. Simple past tense

Question 2.
Frame a Wh-type question to get underlined part as an answer:
Answer:
1. His paintings belong to the abstract style of paintings.
2. Sayed Haider Raza is popularly known as Raza.
Answer:
1. What do his paintings belong to?
2. What is Sayed Haider Raza popularly known as?

Question 3.
Change the voice:
1. He was honoured with all the three Padma awards – Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan.
2. Raza left behind a legacy of sensitive paintings.
Answer:
1. The Government of India honoured him with all the three Padma awards – Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan.
2. A legacy of sensitive paintings was left behind by Raza.

Question 4.
Make the following sentences exclamatory:
1. His paintings are very expressive.
2. Raza had a great creativity.
Answer:
1. How expressive his paintings are!
2. What a great creativity Raza had!

Question 5.
What a deep thought this art conveys! (Make it assertive.)
Answer:
This art conveys a very deep thought.

Question 6.
Creating folk art is a very enriching experience. (Make it exclamatory.)
Answer:
What an enriching experience creating folk art is!

Question 7.
Complete the words using correct letters:

1. s_ene
2. st _ le
3. pa_nt
4. c_ eate

Answer:

1. scene
2. style
3. paint
4. create.

Question 8.
Copy the following sentences correctly:
Answer:
1. He studied art at the J. J. School of Art in Mumbai.
2. What a deep thought this art conveys – and so easily !

Question 9.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. vicious, dreadful, thrilled, favourable
2. enchanted, enabled, explained, endangered.
Answer:
1. dreadful, favourable, thrilled, vicious,
2. enabled, enchanted, endangered, explained,

Question 10.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. ariel my joyful spirit said prospero bring ferdinand here at once for my daughter must see him
2. most sure she is the goddess of the island he thought to himself
Answer:
1. “Ariel, my joyful spirit,” said Prospero. “Bring Ferdinand here at once, for my daughter must see him.”
2. “Most sure, she is the goddess of the island!” he thought to himself.

Question 11.
Write four small words (minimum letters each) using the letters given word: “treacherous”
Answer:

1. teacher
2. reach
3. each
4. ache.

Question 12.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences:
1. Prospero touch Miranda with his magic stick and she fell fast asleep.
2. How happy Alonso was to saw his lost son !
Answer:
1. Prospero touched Miranda with his magic stick and she fell fast asleep.
2. How happy Alonso was to see his lost son !

Question 13.
Write related words as shown in the example: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 14.
Complete the following word-chain of verbs. Write four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:
explore → ……………… → ………………. → ……………… → ………………….
Answer:
explore → eliminate → embrace → evaluate → emerge.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Make a meaningful sentence by using the following phrase in your own sentence.
‘to settle down’.
Answer:
It is pretty difficult to settle down in cities like Mumbai.

Question 2.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words and use any one of the root words in your own sentence:
1. rich
2. effect.
Answer:
1. rich-enrich
2. effect-effective.
The painter has used rich attractive colour combinations in his painting.

Question 3.
Add a subordinate clause to expand the sentence meaningfully:
You can see my paintings ………………………..
Answer:
You can see my paintings when vou come to mv house.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Write 4-5 sentences about any other Indian painter you like.
Answer:
M. F. Husain is my favourite modern painter who was born in Pandharpur town of Maharashtra. He is one of the most famous artists of India both at the national as well as the international level. M. F. Husain was once called ‘the Picasso of India’ by the Forbes magazine. The Government of India awarded the prestigious Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan for his work.

Question 2.
What are the essential things required to become a good painter?
Answer:
The essential things that are required to become a good painter are :

1. interest in painting
2. a good concentration skill
3. capacity to sit for a long time at one place
4. good eyesight
5. imagination
6. the knowledge of mixing colours.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 1.2 The Fun they Had Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 1.2 The Fun they Had

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Chapter 1.2 The Fun they Had Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

• What do you like best about your school?
• Do you think school is fun?
• Which is the part that you don’t like?
• How often should the teacher ‘? give you a test?

Classify!

1. Listen carefully and write each word in the appropriate column/columns.

Question 1.
Listen carefully and write each word given on textbook page no. 5 in the appropriate column/columns:
Answer:

ancient	modem	futuristic
earthen stoves	bicycles	flying cars
tonga	telephone	spaceships
horse-drawn	audio-video
carriages	cassettes
	computers

2. Listen to the pronunciation of these words and practise saying them properly yourself. 

• grandfather
• geography
• satisfactory
• superior
• pronouncing
• betcha
• nonchalantly

Question 1.
Listen to the pronunciation of these words and practise saying them properly yourself. V

• grandfather
• geography
• satisfactory
• superior
• pronouncing
• betcha
• nonchalantly

English Workshop:

1. Use the proper punctuation mark

Question a.
Where did you find it
Answer:
“Where did you find it?”

Question b.
What’s it about
Answer:
“What’s it about?”

Question c.
They had a teacher.
Answer:
“They had a teacher.”

Question d.
How could a man be a teacher
Answer:
“How could a man be a teacher?”

Question e.
sure, if they were the same age
Answer:
“Sure, if they were the same age.”

2. The following sentences have an unusual meaning in the context of the story. Write what these sentences would mean today, and what they mean in the context of the story.

Question a.
She had been hoping they would take the teacher away altogether.
Answer:

• Meaning today: She had been hoping they would officially dismiss the teacher from his job forever.
• Meaning in the content of the story: She had been hoping they would remove the teacher from the screen permanently.

Question b.
They had taken Tommy’s teacher away for nearly a month.
Answer:
Meaning today: They had suspended Tommy’s teacher for nearly one month.

Question c.
It wasn’t a regular teacher. It was a man.
Answer:

• Meaning today: It wasn’t the teacher who regularly did the teaching work in school. It was some person who taught the students.
• Meaning in the context of the story: It was the mechanical teacher who gave lessons to students on screen, regularly.

Question d.
How could a man be a teacher?
Answer:
Meaning today: This question is meaningless in these days because teaching work is always done by some person (male teacher or female teacher).
Meaning in the context of the story: They had the mechanical teacher and they didn’t expect a man in place of the mechanical teacher.

Question e.
A teacher has to be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it teaches.
Answer:
Meaning today: The teacher has to deal with the students according to the need of the whole class and use a suitable method of teaching.
Meaning in the context of the story: The mechanical teacher has to be repaired and made suitable according to the need of individual students or the subject taught.

3. Write words related to the following words. (At least ten words each.)

Question 1.
Write words related to the following words. (At least ten words each.)
Answer:

4. Discuss: How would you like to learn from a human teacher or a mechanical teacher? Present your arguments in the form of a chart.

Question 1.
Discuss: How would you like to learn from a human teacher or a mechanical teacher? Present your arguments in the form of a chart.
Answer:
No, I wouldn’t like to have my own mechanical teacher because I won’t get the joy of learning together with my friends and the love and affection we get from our teachers.

5. Rewrite the following using complete words instead of contracted forms.
(a) … when you’re through.
(b) …. and it’s good for plenty more.
(c) I wouldn’t throw it away.
(d) She hadn’t seen as many tale books.
(e) “What’ s it about?”
(f) I’ve slowed it up.
(g) I don’t know.
(h) It wasn’t a regular teacher.

Question a.
… when you’re through.
Answer:
… when you are through.

Question b.
…. and it’s good for plenty more.
Answer:
… and it is good for plenty more.

Question c.
I wouldn’t throw it away.
Answer:
I would not throw it away.

Question d.
She hadn’t seen as many tale books.
Answer:
She had not seen as many tale books.

Question e.
“What’s it about?”
Answer:
“What is it about?”

Question f.
I’ve slowed it up.
Answer:
I have slowed it up.

Question g.
I don’t know.
Answer:
I do not know.

Question h.
It wasn’t a regular teacher.
Answer:
It was not a regular teacher.

Language study:

6. Underline the verbs and choose the correct option from the brackets.

Thus, we see that verb forms show tense, number, etc. Here, the verb form changes according to the subject. A verb form which is decided by and changes according to the subject of the sentence is known as a finite verb.
Example: ‘You are very kind.’ If the subject ‘you’ is changed to ‘she’, the sentence will be ‘She is very kind.’
Now change the verb form according to the change in the subject.

• I don’t know: Change ‘I’ to ‘She’.
• My father knows: Change ‘My father’ to ‘We’
• I am following in your footsteps: Change ‘I’ to ‘He’.

Question 1.
Underline the verbs and choose the correct options from the brackets:

1. Margie even wrote about it. (present tense/past tense)
2. Today Tommy found a new book. (present tense/past tense)
3. Margie was scornful, (singular/plural)
4. What’s there to write about school? (singular/plural)

Answer:

1. Margie even wrote about it. – past tense.
2. Today Tommy found a new book. – past tense
3. Margie was scornful, (singular/plural)
4. What’s there to write about school? (singular/plural)

7. Activity: Live English: Online shopping

Question a.
Read the following conversation between two cousins.

• Tejaswini: Hi, Santosh. What are you thinking about?
• Santosh: Hi, Teju. Next week’s Didi’s birthday. We want to give her a surprise gift.
• Tejaswini: Great idea! What is your surprise gift?
• Tejaswini: Great idea’ What is your surprise gift?
• Santosh: Well, we don’t have any big shops here, there’s little to choose from. Nothing new or surprising.
• Tejaswini: So why don’t you try online shopping?
• Santosh: Is it safe?
• Tejaswini: Yes, it is. If we take proper care, it is one of the most convenient ways of shopping. Plus, you will get so much variety.
• Santosh: True. But I don’t know how to do it.
• Tejaswini: It’s ok. I will show you. Do you have an internet connection?
• Santosh: Yes.
• Tejaswini: That’s good, then. We can do it in five easy steps. Let’s start.

Question b.
Write in a step-by-step manner, how Tejaswini and Santosh bought a gift for Didi online.
Answer:
They signed up and created their account in the website. Then they selected the gift of their choice from the given categories. They added the gift to the cart and paid the total amount via online banking. When the gift was delivered to them they checked and ensured that the gift was genuine.

Question c.
Use this website (www.chalashikuva.com) to try your hand at a practicaL/mock trial of online shopping.
Look at the above webpage and tell :

1. The name of the website
2. What we can buy there
3. The offer on poster colours

Answer:

1. The name of the website: www.chalashikuya.com
2. What we can buy there: we can buy books, educational toys, stationery, e-leaming.
3. The offer on poster colours: a paint brush free

Question d.
Read the following questions and answers. Form pairs and frame similar questions and answers for this website.How to use this website:
1. If I want to buy a story book on this website, where can I find it?
– In the categories on the left, in the options under Books you will find story books. Click that option.

2. I want a CD of the dictionary.
– Go to ‘e-learning’. Under that Click the ‘dictionary’ option.

3. Where can I look for books in the Hindi language?
– You can go to the Languages option on the left and tick the box before Hindi.

4. How can I find what discounts are available?
– Under the filters on left you will find discounts.

5. Are there any specific deals/offers on specific days?
– There is a CSY (Chalashikuya) deal. You can click on it and find out the deal of the day.

6. Can I purchase only one thing at a time?
– No, you can buy many things at a time. Select whatever you want and add to the cart and then browse again for another product.

7. When will my order be delivered?
– Maximum in 10 working days. You can also track your order by clicking the icon ‘track order.

8. There is one icon ‘Gift Coupons’. What does it mean?
– You can give a gift coupon to your friend by using this icon and he/she can purchase the product of his/her choice with the help of it.

9. Is this site only for purchasing?
– No, you can also sell your old books and other educational things here.

10. How can I find out whether the product is good or not?
– You can see the ratings and reviews of users below each product.
Answer:
Students do this activity on their own.

Question e.
Suppose one of your parents or an older relative wants to know about online shopping and you are explaining how to do it. Write a conversation between you and your parent/relative about it:
Answer:
A conversation about online shopping between me and Dad.
(Dad enters while you are surfing on the internet)

• Dad: Son, I need to buy sport shoes for my marathon next week. I wish to try online shopping, but I don’t know the process.
• Me: Don’t you worry, Dad! I’m there to help you. Let’s sign you up first.
• Dad: I suppose it’s quite complicated.
• Me: Not at all, Dad. Now go on the search bar and type whichever shoes you need.
• Dad: I don’t have any particular shoes in mind.
• Me: Well, then we will click here on the ‘shoes’ option and select sport shoes.
• Dad: These seem nice and are in my budget.
• Me: Then add them to the cart. Now we have ordered the sports shoes. They will deliver the product within 10 days.
• Dad: Very good! It’s very simple, isn’t it?
• Me: Sure it is. Now, do you want to pay via net banking, credit card or cash on delivery?
• Dad: I prefer cash on delivery.
• Me: O.K. we are done here. We can even track our order to find where your shoes have reached.
• Dad: That’s very impressive! Thank you, son.
• Me: It’s my pleasure, dad.

Question f.
Form pairs. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping and fill the following table.
Answer:

Advantages	Disadvantages
1. Time-saving	(a) Delay in delivery.
2. Wide concessional	(b) Required Internet connection.
3. Cheap/concessional	(c) Quality and condition of product uncertain.
4. Various filters to find our pick	(d) Delivery and shipping.
5. Quick payments	(e) Delivery and shipping charges are expensive.

Write a paragraph on ‘Online Shopping’ using the points in the above table.

Question 1.
Write a paragraph on ‘Online Shopping’ using the points in the above table.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 1.2 The Fun they Had Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passage and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given.)

1. The incident in the story has taken place on 17 May 2157.
2. Their television screen must have had a million books on it.
3. Margie’s great grandfather told that in old times all stories were printed on paper.
4. According to Margie, ‘a real book’ means a printed book.

Note: Here we have given the complete passage. However henceforward, only the first and last lines of the related passage of prose lessons have been given. Refer to the Textbook for the complete passages.

Question 2.
Read the sentences and fill in the blank with correct alternatives:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. The County Inspector was a round little man with a red face.
(a) The teacher
(b) The County Inspector.

2. Margie hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers.
(a) the teacher
(b) the slot.

3. Large and black and ugly is the description of the teacher.
(a) the teacher
(b) the Inspector

4. Margie had hoped the Inspector wouldn’t know how to put the teacher together.
(a) take the teacher apart.
(b) put the teacher together.

Question 3.
Say whether the following statements are True or False: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Tommy is Margie’s brother. – False
2. Tommy found the old book in the attic.- True
3. Margie was older than Tommy. – False
4. The old book was about school. – True

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences using proper words from the passage:
(Answers are directly given.)

1. Father knew as much as his teachers.
2. How can a man be a teacher?
3. They had a teacher, but it wasn’t a regular teacher.
4. Margie wouldn’t want a strange man in her house to teach her.

Question 5.
Write if the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. Margie’s school was in her house. – True
2. In those old days kids went to a special building for learning. – True
3. Margie was not interested in reading the old book. – False
4. Tommy went away home with the book. – True

Question 6.
Complete the following sentences using the information from the passage:
(Answers are directly given.)

1. The arithmetic lesson was on the addition of proper fractions.
2. And the teachers were people.
3. The mechanical teacher was flashing on the screen.
4. Margie inserted yesterday’s homework in the slot with a sigh.

Complex Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the following web:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 2.
Complete the following:
Answer:
(Answers are directly given.)

1. She always hated school.
2. Now she hated more than ever.
3. The mechanical teacher had given her test after test in geography.
4. She had been doing worse and worse in the tests.

Question 3.
Arrange the following in order of occurrence:
1. She wrote them out in a punch code.
2. All the lessons were shown and questions were asked on the screen.
3. The County Inspector took the teacher apart and then put it together again.
4. The mechanical teacher calculated the marks.
Answer:
3. The County Inspector took the teacher apart and then put it together again.
2. All the lessons were shown and questions were asked on the screen.
1. She wrote them out in a punch code.
4. The mechanical teacher calculated the marks,

Question 4.
What was the fault with the mechanical teacher? How was the fault repaired?
Answer:
There was a fault in the geography sector of the mechanical teacher. It was geared a little too quick. The County Inspector repaired it and slowed it up to an average ten-year level.

Question 5.
Complete the web about the ‘Old School’, using the information told by Tommy.
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 6.
Complete the web:
Answer:

Question 7.
What do you know from the passage about j the teachers, the school and the students of the old times?
Answer:
Unlike the mechanical teacher, the teacher in old times didn’t live in the house. They went to a special building called school to teach the children who also went there. The students learnt the same things if they were in the same age group or the same class.

Question 8.
Complete the web:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their

‘A’	‘B’
1. real	(a) very amusing
2. crinkly	(b) exactly the one/ones referred to
3. same	(c) having a lot of thin folds
4. awfully funny	(d) genuine and not false

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. real	(d) genuine and not false
2. crinkly	(c) having a lot of thin folds
3. same	(b) exactly the one/ones referred to
4. awfully funny	(a) very amusing

Question 2.
Write at least ten words related to book:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
teacher-author book depot bookseller lessons

Question 3.
Write any four adjectives like ‘scornful’.
Answer:

1. faithful
2. helpful
3. careful
4. sorrowful.

Question 4.
Write at least ten words related to family:
Answer:
pride

Question 5.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meaning in Column ‘B’:

‘A’	‘B’
1. betcha	(a) in superior manner
2. pronouncing	(b) to debate
3. loftily	(c) expressing the word strongly
4. dispute	(d) surely, bet you

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. betcha	(d) surely, bet you
2. pronouncing	(c) expressing the word strongly
3. loftily	(a) in superior manner
4. dispute	(b) to debate

Question 6.
Match the similar meaning words:

‘A’	‘B’
1. kid	(a) under
2. same	(b) fast
3. beneath	(c) similar
4. quickly	(d) child

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. kid	(d) child
2. same	(c) similar
3. beneath	(a) under
4. quickly	(b) fast

Question 7.
What do the following words describe in the passage.

1. same
2. funny
3. dusty
4. special.

Answer:

1. age
2. schools
3. book
4. building.

Question 8.
Write the words from the passage that show actions taken place in the old school:
Answer:
came, laughing, shouting, sitting, going, learned, help, talk

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Question 1.
My father knows. (Change ‘My father’ to ‘We’.)
Answer:
We know.

Question 2.
I am following in your footsteps.
Answer:
He is following in your footsteps.

Question 3.
He wouldn’t know.
Answer:
He would not know.

Question 4.
That wasn’t so bad.
Answer:
That was not so bad.

Question 5
It’s not the little girl’s fault.
Answer:
It is not the little girl’s fault.

Question 6.
Underline the verb and choose the correct option from the brackets:
(Answers are underlined directly)
1. He patted Margie’s head.
(present tense/past tense)
2. He gave her an apple.
(present tense/past tense)
3. Those things happen sometimes.
(present tense/past tense)
4. Her progress is satisfactory.
(present tense/past tense)

Question 7.
The kids were laughing and shouting.
(Use simple past tense and rewrite the sentence.)
Answer:
The kids laughed and shouted.

Question 8.
I sing a song. (Change the subject T to ‘she’ and rewrite the sentence.)
Answer:
She sings a song.

Question 9.
He went to school today. (Make the sentence negative using the word ‘not’).
Answer:
He did not go to school today.

Question 10.
… are you going now? (who, what, where) (Choose the correct wh-word from the brackets to frame a question)
Answer:
Where are you going now?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you sometimes hate your school? Why?
Answer:
No, never. I always love my school because I regard it as my Mother. My progress in life depends on the knowledge and education that I receive in school.

Question 2.
About what did Tommy say, “What a waste!” Why, do you think, did he say so?
Answer:
Tommy said it about the old printed book. I think he said so because he thought that it is a waste of paper. After reading the book its purpose is lost and it becomes useless. He did not think of its importance and thought of throwing it away.

Question 3.
Do you like to take tests? Give the reason for your answer:
Answer:
Yes, I like to take tests, because the result of the tests shows our progress in learning. We know our drawbacks and we can try to improve our weak subjects.

Question 4.
Do you think the school described in the ‘book’ existed centuries ago?
Answer:
Yes, the school described in the ‘old book’ did exist centuries ago, but the educational institutions were of different kinds and their methods of teaching were different.

Question 5.
Would you like to have your own mechanical teacher? why?
Answer:
Yes, I would like to have my own mechanical teacher if it is affordable to my family. Though my school teachers are there to guide me in my school, this mechanical teacher will help me to have individual teaching and guidance. I can prepare well in all my subjects with the help provided by the mechanical teacher.

Write the following using complete words instead of contracted forms:

Question 1
They weren’t even half finished.
Answer:
They were not even half finished.

Question 2.
And it’s probably time for Tommy, too.
Answer:
And it is probably time for Tommy, too.

Question 3.
you don’t know much.
Answer:
you do not know much.

Question 4.
They didn’t do it that way.
Answer:
They did not do it that way.

Rewrite the sentences with a different words for the underlined word.

Question 1.
It is probably time for Tommy.
Answer:
It is probably time for lunch.

Question 2.
They had a special building.
Answer:
They had a special invitation.

Activities Based on Language study

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the following words by using correct letters: 2

1. ab _ ut
2. f _ nny
3. ni _ ht
4. qu _ ck

Answer:

1. about
2. funny
3. night
4. quick.

Question 2.
Copy the following sentences correctly in your notebook:
Answer:
1. On the page headed 17 May, 2057, she wrote, ‘Today Tommy found a real book !’
2. “A man? How could a man be a teacher?”

Question 3.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. progress, teacher, homework, answers.
2. superior, shaken, screamed, shouting.
Answer:
1. answers, homework, progress, teacher.
2. screamed, shaken, shouting, superior.

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences:
(Note: Two sentencess will be asked.)

Question a.
i hate school
Answer:
“I hate school.”

Question b.
same with mine said margie
Answer:
“Same with mine,” said Margie.

Question c.
can I read the book some more with you after school
Answer:
“Can I read the book some more with you after school?”

Question 5.
Write four small words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the given word:
“schoolyard”
Answer:

1. school
2. cool
3. holy
4. yard.

Question 6.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences:

1. I doesn’t know what kind of school they had all that time ago.
2. Margie’s grandfather said to her, when he was a little boy his grandfather told him that there is a time when all stories are printed on paper.

Answer:

1. I don’t know what kind of school they had all that time ago.
2. Margie’s grandfather said to her when he was a little boy his grandfather told him that there was a time when all stories were printed on paper.

Question 7.
Write related words as shown in the example:
(Answer is directly given.)
Answer:

Question 8.
Complete the following word-chain of nouns. Add four words each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:
screen → ……………… → ………….. → ……………. → ………………..
Answer:
screen → number → rabbit → trainer → routes.

Question 9.
Make your own meaningful sentence by using the phrase ‘to be able to’.
Answer:
My friend was in financial problem but I was not able to help him.

Question 10.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words and use any one of the root words to make your own sentence:
1. miracle
2. hazard
Answer:
1. miraculous
2. hazardous
Sentence: We must know the hazards of junk food.

Question 11.
Make the following sentence bigger by adding clause:
The police captured the thief
Answer:
The police captured the thief who was trying to break the shop.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 4.1 What is Success? Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.1 What is Success?

My English Coursebook Std 9 Guide Chapter 4.1 What is Success? Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat

1. Do you have a hobby?
2. Do you play a musical instrument?
3. What is the latest thing that you learnt to do?
4. Have you ever taught someone else to do something?

1. Prepare a speech to deliver in an interschool competition on ‘How to achieve success in life’ with the help of the following web chart:

Question 1.
Prepare a speech to deliver in an interschool competition on ‘How to achieve success in life’ with the help of the following web chart:

Answer:

How to achieve success in life?

Honourable chairperson, respected headmaster, teachers and my dear friends, Today I am going to limit my speech on “How to achieve success in life:” I request you to listen to me carefully. So my friends, success is very important in everyone’s life. Everyone has a dream of becoming a successful human being in life. There is a good saying that, “Success is a journey and not a destination.”

How true it is! If we look at the life of all successful people, we realize the truthfulness of the statement. The definition of success is different for every person. For a child success is to solve a puzzle, for a S.S.C. student, a success is to get good marks, for a businessman, a success is to get a contract and for grandparents, success is to see the whole family together.

Everyone wants to become rich and successful in life. To achieve ambition, there are many steps which are to be followed. First of all, we have to set our goal, means we have to decide what we are and what we want to be. So proper plan and execution of the plan are very important. The tragedy of life does not lie in not reaching the goal, the tragedy lies in having no goal to reach.

For a great success we need a lot of confidence, patience, knowledge, perseverance and hard work. We should not waste our time because time is money. Don’t compare yourself with any other person in the world. If you do so you are demeaning yourself. The main thing is that we should always think positively and never give up hope because many of our failures are the people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.

Always remember that the word “Impossible” means, I’m possible and if destiny is accompanied with the three D’s: determination, dedication, and devotion then everything becomes possible. We should learn from our own mistakes. We should always follow in the footsteps of great, successful people. Let’s take an example of Dhirubhai Ambani.

He was born in a poor family, but struggled a lot to achieve his ambition and never gave up hope because he knew that there is always a room at the top. He kept the hope alive in his heart and tried his level best and as you know he was one of the richest industrialists in the world. After all, no gains, without pains.

There is a great saying that successful people do not do different things, they do things differently. So work hard, continuously. God’s blessings are always there with you. Thank you for listening to me carefully.

Jai Hind.

2. What might success mean to the following people? Think about it and write:

Question 1.
A student ………………………….. .
Answer:
Showing consistent improvement in his academic pursuit, participating in sports and different competitions.

Question 2.
A businessman ………………………. .
Answer:
Gaining a huge profit, and achieving his target in business.

Question 3.
A doctor …………………………… .
Answer:
Diagnosing and treating patients and even saving a dying person.

Question 4.
A sportsperson ………………………. .
Answer:
Setting his/her own record by participating in different tournaments, winning medals and trophies.

Question 5.
A politician ………………………… .
Answer:
Winning an election and working for the welfare of society.

Question 6.
A person who has applied for a job ………………………… .
Answer:
Getting a job with a huge package of salary.

Question 7.
A teacher ………………………. .
Answer:
Helping his/her students to excel, reaching every child of his/her class.

Question 8.
A Parent ……………………………. .
Answer:
Raising a child and to make him/her a good human being.

English Workshop:

1. Tick the correct alternative:

Question 1.
The poet says that success is:
(a) to laugh less and work more
(b) to laugh never at all
(c) to laugh often and much
(d) to laugh less and low
Answer:
(c) to laugh often and much

Question 2.
The poet wants us to:
(a) earn a lot of money
(b) earn profits
(c) earn property
(d) earn the appreciation of honest critics
Answer:
(d) earn the appreciation of honest critics

Question 3.
The poet wants us to appreciate:
(a) riches
(b) God
(c) beauty
(d) society
Answer:
(c) beauty

Question 4.
The poet wants us to leave the world a bit
(a) bitter
(b) better
(c) broader
(d) bared
Answer:
(b) better

2. Compare this poem with ‘Walk a little slower …………’ and fill in the chart:

Question 1.
Compare this poem with ‘Walk a little slower …………’ and fill in the chart:

The poem ‘What is Success?’ is an example of free verse.
Answer:

Structure of the poem	Walk a little slower…	What is Success?
Does it have rhyming words?	Yes	No
Does it have a steady rhythm?	Yes	No
Are the lines of equal length?	Yes	No
Are there stanzas with equal number of lines?	Yes	No

3. Based on the poet’s idea of true success, think of four people in your surroundings- your family, neighbours, friends, teachers, classmates, etc. who have achieved true success. Write in short what makes them successful.

Question 1.
Based on the poet’s idea of true success, think of four people in your surroundings- your family, neighbours, friends, teachers, classmates, etc. who have achieved true success. Write in short what makes them successful.
Answer:

My family

My father is the backbone of my family. He works hard to fulfil our dreams. He has been working with determination continuously so that we can enjoy happy family life. We can understand his feelings and help him whenever he wants our help. We try to keep him happy and satisfied. He has made positive impact on our family members as well as on his circle of friends. So he is a role model for all of us.

4. List all the ‘to infinitives’ verbs used in the poem.

Question 1.
List all the ‘to infinitives’ verbs used in the poem.
Answer:
to laugh, to win, to appreciate to find, to leave, to know, to have.

5. In your opinion what things will help to make the world a better place? Discuss with your friends and write down at least three of the things.

Question 1.
In your opinion what things will help to make the world a better place? Discuss with your friends and write down at least three of the things.
Answer:
To make the world a better place, I think the following things will help a lot:

1. No fights, quarrels on the basis of caste, creed and religion.
2. Everyone should get a chance to earn his/her bread and butter.
3. Everyone should be mentally and physically fit and able.
4. Education: Basic right of education to all.

6. Think of different types of people who have to face great difficulties. Write what you can do to help at least one of them.

Question 1.
Think of different types of people who have to face great difficulties. Write what you can do to help at least one of them.
Answer:
There are number of people in our society who have to face great difficulties. There are people like physically disabled, poor, old, sick, etc. The people who are poor, are under poverty line. So we can provide them various facilities related to education and fulfil their basic needs so that their standard of living would be improved.

7. Prepare a set of questions to interview:

Question 1.
Prepare a set of questions to interview:
(a) A famous author
(b) A well-known social worker in your area.
Answer:
(a) A famous author:

1. What are your feelings after the overwhelming response to your newly published book?
2. Had you thought about such amazing response to your book?
3. What inspires you to write such a lovely book?
4. Are you working on any new book?
5. Do you think about the readers’ choice before writing?
6. Who is your favourite writer? Why?
7. Have you thought about the Booker prize while writing this book?
8. What is your ambition as a writer?
9. What message would you like to give to your readers?

(b) A well-known social worker in your area:

1. Are you really grateful to the voters of your area? Why?
2. How will you help this area to develop?
3. What are your future plans for the development of this area?
4. Are there any social problems that the people in this area are facing?
5. According to you, what is the role of education to develop society?
6. What have you done to make available educational facilities in our area?
7. What measures should be taken to fight against illiteracy, superstitions in our society?
8. What motivated you to be a social worker?
9. Is there any message that you would like to give to the citizens of this area?

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 4.1 What is Success? Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
There are lines in the poem.
(a) two
(b) fourteen
(c) seven
(d) four
Answer:
(b) fourteen.

Question 2.
Complete the following sentences with the help of the given poem:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. A person who takes wise decisions and works for the benefit of everyone wins the respect of intelligent people.
2. A person who is kind, sweet and helpful wins the affection of children.
3. A person who puts a lot of efforts and works against all odds is appreciated by honest critics.
4. A friend who is selfish and dishonest betrays a friend.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What is success according to the poet Ralph Waldo Emerson?
Answer:
According to the poet Ralph Waldo Emerson, success lies in winning the respect, affection and appreciation of the people around us and to be able to respect, appreciate and care for people in return and how you make them happy.

Question 2.
Which lines tell you that a parent, a good gardener, a social reformer are all successful people?
Answer:
The lines that tell us that a parent, a good gardener, a social reformer are all successful people are: “To leave the world a bit better, whether by a healthy child, a gardener patch or a redeemed social condition To know even one life has breathed easier because you have lived; This is to have succeeded.”

Poetic device Activities:

Question 1.
Give your own rhyming words for the following – (i) find (ii) patch.
Answer:
1. find – mind
2. patch – match.

Appreciation of Poem:

Point format

1. Title: What is success?
2. Poet/Poetess: The poet of the poem is Ralph Waldo Emerso.
3. Theme/Central Idea: The theme of the poem is quite evident from the title of the poem itself. As the answer to the question posed in the title, the poet defines success as precisely as possible in the following lines.
4. Rhyme Scheme: The poem is an example of ‘free verse’.
5. Figure of Speech: Repitition, Euphemism.
6. Special Features: This poem is an example of ‘free verse’. The lines of a ‘free verse’ do not have any steady rhythm. The lines are of irregular length and lack clear-cut stanza divisions. It has no rhyme scheme.
7. Favourite Line: My favourite lines from the poem are:
   • (1) To find the best in others;
   • (2) To appreciate beauty To find the best in others
8. Why I like the poem: I like this poem because it defines ‘success’ in a very special way.

Here, ‘success’ is not just an individual achievement. It is not taking advantage of others around us. It is, instead, giving back to society it is about making society a better place by our little contribution.