Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 2.5 A Play Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.5 A Play

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Chapter 2.5 A Play Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

• Do you like to watch plays?
• Which is the last play you saw?
• Do you watch TV serials? Which ones?
• Do you like slow-moving serials?
• Do you like stories from the past?
• What type of stories do you like?

Two Truths, One Lie

Make groups of 10-15. In this game, each person writes three sentences about himself/herself, two of which are true and the third one is a lie. Read aloud your sentences, while others guess which two are true and which is a lie.
Examples: Hello, everyone! I am Sonali. I have a brother and a sister. I live in Amalner. We have a pet dog at home.

Question 1.
Make groups of 10-15. In this game, each person writes three sentences about himself/herself, two of which are true and the third one is a lie. Read aloud your sentences, while others guess which two are true and which is a lie.
Examples: Hello, everyone! I am Sonali. I have a brother and a sister. I live in Amalner. We have a pet dog at home.
Answer:
1. Hello everyone!
I am Sahil.
I live in Pune at Shivaj inagar.
I am one of the most studious students of our class.
I visited Sri Lanka last month with my parents.

2. Hello everyone!
I am Ruta.
I am Bharat Natyam dancer.
I have won many dance competitions.
But I want to be a classical singer.

Lost and Found

Question 1.
Divide the students into groups of five. They sit in a circle. They choose one object of daily use such as a bag, wallet, box, etc. The group leader writes four sentences about it.
Answer:
I have found a water bottle.
It’s pink.
It’s cylindrical in shape.
It’s transparent.
It has a steel cap.
I found it in our school library.

Others, too, write four sentences each.

• I have lost a tiffin box.
• It’s colour is pink.
• It’s square in shape.
• I lost it in our school canteen.

They all open and read their lines, beginning with the group leader. The player whose description matches the group leader’s the most gets the object.

Part I

1. List the characters that have appeared so far in the play.

Question 1.
List the characters that have appeared so far in the play.
Answer:
Fourth Guard Messenger, Thief, Thiefs friend, King, Merchant, Bricklayer, Mortar-maker.

2. List all the different titles they use to address the King.

Question 1.
List all the different titles they use to address the King.
Answer:
First Guard, Second Guard, Disciple, King Chaupat.

3. Copy the exclamations from the play. (At least 5)

Question 1.
Copy the exclamations from the play. (At least 5)
Answer:
1. How boring!
2. Oh, Most Great King!
(Students can copy such examples from the play on their own.)

4. Copy the orders (imperative sentences) from the play.

Question 1.
Copy the orders (imperative sentences) from the play.
Answer:

1. Spare my daughter.
2. Bring the money-lender’s daughter.
3. Summon the mortar-maker at once.
4. Show mercy to this humble potter.

5. Use your imagination and the details from the play and draw a map of Andher Nagari.

Question 1.
Use your imagination and the details from the play and draw a map of Andher Nagari.
Answer:
(Students can draw the map using their imagination.)

6. Write what each of the following should have said after listening to the complaint against him/her:

Question 1.
Write what each of the following should have said after listening to the complaint against him/her:
(a) Daughter …………………
(b) Potter …………………….
(c) Mortar-maker …………………
(d) Bricklayer ………………..
(e) Merchant ………………………….
Answer:
(a) Daughter: Daughter should have said that, she was going to get married next week, so she should be excused from being punished.
(b) Potter: I never make defective pots. Mortar- maker might have brought it from somewhere else.
(c) Mortar-maker: I always use a bottle-necked pot to pour water, it is the bricklayer’s idea to blame me.
(d) Bricklayer: Extremely sorry to say, My Lord. I have never worked carelessly in my entire life. I am faithful to my profession.
(e) Merchant: If I had been the merchant, I would have asked the king to punish the thieves as they were trying to break in my house when my whole family was not there at home and it is a crime. So they should be punished.

7. What should the king have said to the thief ?

Question 1.
What should the king have said to the thief ?
Answer:
The king should have said to the thief that it was the fault of him and his friend and not of the merchant. As they had entered his house with the intention of stealing when his family was away. So he and his friend were totally responsible for what had happened.

8. Will a thief appear in a court on his own? Why does this Thief dare to do so?

Question 1.
Will a thief appear in a court on his own? Why does this Thief dare to do so?
Answer:
A thief will never appear in a court on his own. This thief dares to do so because the king of his kingdom was not powerful and the rules and regulations of his kingdom were not so strict.

Language study:

9. Read the following sentences and find the subject and the verb in each.

Question 1.
Read the following sentences and find the subject and the verb in each.

Answer:

Sentence	Subject	verb
1. You are a stranger.	You	are
2. I am a visitor here.	I	am
3. You have heard right.	You	have
		heard
4. The king will not hang me.	The king	will
		hang
5. He must pay with his life	He	must
		pay

10. Read the following sentences. Tick the ones in passive voice. Copy them correctly.

Question 1.
Read the following sentences. Tick the ones in passive voice. Copy them correctly.

1. I have heard amazing stories [ ]
2. I am especially impressed by the fact [ ]
3. I am quite happy about it. [ ]
4. I beg for justice. [ ]
5. ……. and my friend was instantly killed [ ]
6. My house has been recently built [ ]
7. It is the fault of the bricklayer [ ]

Answer:

1. I have heard amazing stories …. [ ]
2. I am especially impressed by the fact…. [✓]
3. I am quite happy about it. [ ]
4. I beg for justice. [ ]
5. … and my friend was instantly killed ….. [✓]
6. My house has been recently built …. [✓]
7. It is the fault of the bricklayer …. [ ]

Part II

1. List the characters that appear for the first time in this part of the play. Write one or two lines about each of them.

Question 1.
List the characters that appear for the first time in this part of the play. Write one or two lines about each of them.
Answer:

1. Goldsmith: He was dutiful and tried to follow the king’s order by setting aside all his work.
2. Hangman: He was also faithful towards his duties. He tried to follow the King’s order. He was an executioner who hangs the culprits.
3. Sage: A wise man from a neighbouring forest who smartly saved his disciple from the J punishment given by King Choupat.

2. Say whether the following sentences are true or false:

Question 1.
Say whether the following sentences are true or false:
(a) The Goldsmith blamed the King for the delay in his work.
(b) The King thought that the Goldsmith had a good reason to delay the Daughter’s work.
(c) The Goldsmith was hanged.
(d) The noose did not fit the Goldsmith’s neck.
(e) The noose did not fit the disciple’s neck.
(f) The Sage wanted to die on that day.
(g) The Sage wanted to save his Disciple.
(h) The King wanted to be King again in his next birth.
Answer:
(a) The Goldsmith blamed the King for the delay in his work. – True
(b) The King thought that the Goldsmith had a good reason to delay the Daughter’s work. – False
(c) The Goldsmith was hanged. – False
(d) The noose did not fit the Goldsmith’s neck. – True
(e) The noose did not fit the disciple’s neck. – False
(f) The sage wanted to die on that day. – True
(g) The sage wanted to save his disciple. – True
(h) The king wanted to be king again in his next birth. – True

3. Write any three instances of funny rules and twisted logic used in Andher Nagari.

Question 1.
Write any three instances of funny rules and twisted logic used in Andher Nagri.
Answer:
Example:

1. The disciple came to Andher Nagari to pay respects to the mighty King Choupat but to his surprise the king ordered the Hangman to hang him without delay.
2. The blame game continued one after another and the king ordered the Hangman everytime to hang the person without verifying his/her mistake.
3. The king requested the guards to take him to the gallows and hang him without any delay to become the next king of the same kingdom in his next life.

4. List the proverbs and sayings used in the play.

Question 1.
List the proverbs and sayings used in the play.
Answer:
1. Justice delayed is justice denied.
2. Our actions speak louder than words.

5. Read the entire play and complete the following blame game flow chart.

Question 1.
Read the entire play and complete the following blame game flow chart.

Answer:

Who is blaming?	Who does he blame?	For what does he blame that person?
Thief	Owner of the house	For not constructing a strong wall.
Owner of the house (Merchant)	Bricklayer	For carelessly building a weak wall.
Bricklayer	Mortar- maker	For mixing too much water in Mortar.
Mortar-maker	Potter	For making a defective pot with a large mouth.
Potter	Money­ lender’s Daughter	For disturbing him with tinkling of anklets.
Money-lender’s Daughter	Goldsmith	For delay in the delivery of her ornaments.
Goldsmith	King	For giving orders to set aside all other work to make the Queen’s ornaments.

6. Form groups. Translate one page of the play into your mother tongue as a group activity. Gather the pages translated by different groups and prepare a translated script of the entire play.

Question 1.
Form groups. Translate one page of the play into your mother tongue as a group activity. Gather the pages translated by different groups and prepare a translated script of the entire play.

Langauge Study:

7. Divide the play (Part I as well as Part II) into sections.
Form groups and assign roles. Practise your lines in groups.
Hold play reading sessions in the classroom.
Which group/student presents the most effective reading?
Note the features that make an oral presentation effective. Some of them are :

• Meaningful reading – taking proper pauses
  (breaking the speech into meaningful chunks)
• Using suitable intonation
• Speaking clearly
• Good pronunciation – using English sounds and stress patterns
• Pleasant and confident appearance of the speakers.

8. Look up the following entries in the Language Study pages given at the end.

• stress
• intonation
• sound
• consonant
• vowel

Question 1.
Look up the following entries in the Language Study pages given at the end.

• stress
• intonation
• sound
• consonant
• vowel

9. Note the way the dialogue in the play is presented. Look up the word ‘colon’ in the ‘Language Study’ pages and note how ills used in the play.

Question 1.
Note the way the dialogue in the play is presented. Look up the word ‘colon’ in the ‘Language Study’ pages and note how ills used in the play.

10. Listen carefully and write the verbs in the appropriate column.

Question 1.
Listen carefully and write the verbs in the appropriate column.

Teacher: can, give, following, commanded, get, has, been, spare, does, take, hand, have, fall, forgive, let, drag, return, will, is, try, has, must, be, resist, force, speak, are, were, should, had, thought, lost, would, says, was, are, does, may, cannot, demand, shall, shouldn’t, become, reign
Answer:

Main verb	Auxiliary verb	Model auxiliary
give, following, commanded, spare, take, hand, fall, have, forgive, drag, get, does, return, try, resist, become, force, speak, demand, reign, says, thought, lost	has, been, let, is, be, are, were, had, was, does	can, will, must, should, would, may, cannot, shall, shouldn’t

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 2.5 A Play Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passage and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Name the following:
Answer:

1. Name of the kingdom – Andher Nagari
2. Name of the king – Chaupat
3. The person who was not – Second guard alert
4. The forest from where a – Ghangor visitor came

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are Right or Wrong:
Answer:

1. The first guard was at ease, all day. – Wrong
2. The visitor was a disciple of the Wise Sage from the Ghangor forest. – Right
3. Taka ser bhaji, taka ser khaja is an Indian proverb. – Right
4. The disciple wanted to attend the court to pay his respects to the mighty King Chaupat. – Right

Question 3.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. The thieves were hard working and honest.
2. Both the thieves were true to their profession.
3. The house in which the thief peered through the hole belonged to a merchant.
4. According to the merchant, brick layer had carelessly built the wall of his house.

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. The mortar-maker’s family comprised of his wife and two young children.
2. According to the mortar-maker excess water poured down into the mortar mixture because the pot had an extraordinary large mouth.

Question 5.
Who said to whom:
1. “I was merely following your Highness’s order.”
2. “Take him to the gallows without further delay.”
Answer:
1. The goldsmith said to the King.
2. The King commanded the Hangman and guards.

Choose the correct alternative to answer the following questions:

Question A.
Who was the old man?
(a) a king
(b) a sage
(c) a guard
(d) a stranger
Answer:
(b) a sage

Question B.
Who had a wonderful fate in his next life?
(a) the king
(b) the disciple
(c) the sage
(d) the hangman
Answer:
(a) the king

Question C.
Who was going to be hanged?
(a) the young stranger
(b) the hangman
(c) the guard
(d) the sage
Answer:
(a) the young stranger

Question D.
According to the sage how was the king?
(a) holy
(b) wise
(c) generous
(d) great
Answer:
(c) generous

Question 6.
State whether the following statements are True or False:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
The old man was a wise and learned sage. – True

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Why did a disciple of the Wise Sage from the Ghangor forest come to Andher Nagari?
Answer:
A disciple of the Wise Sage from the Ghangor forest had heard amazing stories about Andher Nagari and the great King Chaupat. He was impressed by the fact that everything in the market is sold at the same price. So it was a good idea to settle in that land. So to pay his respects to the mighty King Chaupat, the disciple had come to Andher Nagari.

Question 2.
Arrange the following sentences in chronological order:
1. The wall collapsed while entering the house and the thief’s friend was instantly killed.
2. One day they made a hole in the wall of a merchant’s house.
3. There were two hardworking and honest thieves in the great land of Andher Nagari.
4. They were very true to their profession from the last several years.
Answer:
3. There were two hardworking and honest thieves in the great land of Andher Nagari.
4. They were very true to their profession from the last several years.
2. One day they made a hole in the wall of a merchant’s house.
1. The wall collapsed while entering the house and the thief’s friend was instantly killed.

Question 3.
List the characters that have appeared so far in the passage :
Answer:
Mortar-maker, Fourth Guard Messenger, Potter, Money-lender and his daughter.

Question 4.
What is the Mortar-maker’s excuse? Is it believable?
Answer:
According to the Mortar-maker, he poured water with an extraordinary large mouth-pot into
the mortar mixture. The excess water was poured down because of a useless pot made by the potter. It was not a believable excuse as pouring water can be controlled by us.

Question 5.
Is the Daughter’s complaint about the Goldsmith true?
Answer:
Yes, it is true the daughter was going to get married the next week and her jewellery was not ready. She had to leave the house to request the Gold¬smith to work faster and hand over her ornaments on time for her marriage. She wouldn’t have gone out of her house if there wouldn’t be such an urgency.

Question 6.
What is the goldsmith’s excuse?
Answer:
The king commanded the goldsmith to set aside all his work and get the Queen’s ornaments ready before Her Highness’s birthday. So there had been a delay in making the lady’s (the money lender’s daughter’s) bridal ornaments. This was the goldsmith’s excuse for not making the lady’s ornaments.

Question 7.
What was the sage’s request? Why did he make such a strange request?
Answer:
The sage’s request was that he should be hanged instead of his disciple because he wanted to save his disciple at any cost by using some tricks.

Question 8.
What does the King want to know?
Answer:
The King wants to know why the sage, being a wise and holy man wishes to obstruct the course of justice. He also wants to know why the sage wanted to be hanged in place of his disciple.

Question 9.
Why did the King want to die?
Answer:
The sage told the King that, the great prophets had foretold that one who would be hanged on that day, in that kingdom, would become the next king and conquer many more nations. The King wanted to become the next great king of Andher Nagari. He also wanted to be a famous royal monarch. So he wanted to die to become the king of Andher Nagari.

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Make a list of describing words used for King Chaupat in the form of a web:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 2.
Find out synonyms from the extract for the following:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. delicious – delectable
2. awesome – amazing
3. knowledgeable – learned
4. make – enliven

Question 3.
Find out the adverbs which are used along with the following verbs:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. instantly killed
2. recently built
3. immediately bring
4. recently collapsed

Question 4.
Pick out the verbs and state their kind:
1. My friend peered through the hole.
2. The merchant was living in a house.
Answer:
1. peered – Past Tense
2. was living – Past Continuous.

Question 5.
Find out minimum four infinitives from the passage:
Answer:
Infinitives – to blame, to pour, to urge, to work.

Question 6.
Find out a suitable word from the extract and complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. If you disturb the class, your teacher will give you punishment.
2. Most of the women are crazy for ornaments.
3. King Shibi was very generous.
4. It is our duty to follow our parent’s orders.

Question 7.
Arrange the following words in the following columns as per their meanings:
Words: force, excuse, order, apologise, forgive
Answer:

Orders	Requests
1. order	(1) pardon
2. command	(2) apologise
3. force	(3) excuse
4. shout	(4) forgive

Question 8.
Match the following words in Column ‘A’ with their meaning in Column ‘B’ :

‘A’           .	‘B’
1. yonder	(a) give the right to
2. conquer	(b) over there
3. recluse	(c) favouring a solitary life
4. entitled	(d) capture

Answer:

‘A’           .	‘B’
1. yonder	(b) over there
2. conquer	(d) capture
3. recluse	(c) favouring a solitary life
4. entitled	(a) give the right to

Question 9.
Write any suitable noun from the passage for the given adjectives to make correct combination!

1. generous ………………..
2. wonderful ………………..
3. great ………………..
4. learned ………………..

Answer:

1. king
2. prophet
3. fate
4. sage.

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Question 1.
Identify the types of the following sentences:

1. Give your identity.
2. How boring!
3. You have heard right.
4. What brings you here?

Answer:

1. Imperative sentence (order)
2. Exclamatory sentence
3. Statement (simple sentence)
4. Interrogative sentence (wh-question)

Question 2.
Frame Verbal Questions:
1. There was too much of water mixed in it.
2. My friend was instantly killed.
Answer:
1. Was there too much of water mixed in it?
2. Was my friend instantly killed?

Question 3.
It is the fault of the bricklayer. He carelessly built such a weak wall.
(Combine the sentence with ‘who’)
Answer:
It is the fault of the bricklayer who carelessly built such a weak wall.

Question 4.
Pick out the subject and object in the following sentences:
1. The guards dragged the goldsmith.
2. You commanded me
3. he Hangman forced the disciple.
4. The Hangman overpowers them.
Answer:

Subject	Object
1. The guards	1. the goldsmith
2. You	2. me/I
3. The Hangman	3. the disciple
4. The Hangman	4. they

Question 5.
Add a tail tag to the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. You have not carried out my orders, have you?
2. Your excuse does not hold good, does it?
3. This noose does not fit the goldsmith’s neck, does it?
4. Take him to the gallows, will you?

Question 6.
Make the following sentences Assertive :
(Answers are directly given.)

Question a.
What a strange appeal!
Answer:
It was indeed a strange appeal.

Question b.
What a wonderful fate in my next life – a king once again!
Answer:
A king once again in my next life is really a wonderful fate.

Question 7.
Rewrite using ‘as well as’ :
1. He is a wise and learned sage from the forest.
2. The old man begged and pleaded that he should be hanged instead of the young stranger.
Answer:
1. He is a wise as well as learned sage from the forest.
2. The old man begged as well as pleaded that he should be hanged instead of the young stranger.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think this is a good land to settle in? why?
Answer:
Yes, I think the land of Andher Nagari is a good land to settle in because it is the only land where everything is sold at the same price. There will be no complications. We can settle there very well even if our income is low.

Question 2.
Can we call the thieves truly hard-working and honest?
Answer:
No, not at all. Thieves cannot be hard ; working and honest as they rob the possessions | earned by others by working hard. If they are honest, they would not do such crimes.

Question 3.
Do you think the potter is telling the truth? Why?
Answer:
The potter said when he was shaping the mouth of the pot he heard the sweet, delicate tinkling of anklets of money-lender’s daughter. I think he must be telling the truth as it might have disturbed his work and the mouth of pot became too wide.

Question 4.
Why is the daughter so confident that the king will not hang her? Does her prediction come true?
Answer:
The daughter was very much confident that the king will not hang her because she knew that she was not guilty and she also knew the king very well. Yes, her prediction came true.

Question 5.
Is the Goldsmith telling the truth? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Yes, I think the Goldsmith was telling the truth. After making that ladies ornaments the Goldsmith could have received the money from her. But he did not think about the money whereas he thought about the respect and honour of the King. So he started making the Queen’s ornaments instead of that lady’s bridal ornaments.

Question 6.
What is your opinion about the king is he ? wicked, greedy, stupid or all of these? Which of his actions/words show that?
Answer:
I think the king is stupid. He believes every person of his kingdom without any proof. “Guards! Take me to the gallows and hang me at once without any delay.” This action shows that he was really stupid. Being a king he should have thought of his action.

Question 7.
Was the King willing to hang the Sage? Why?
Answer:
No, the King was not willing to hang the sage because the sage told him that the one who would be hanged on that day, in that kingdom, would become the next king. So to become the next great king of Andher Nagari, he didn’t want to hang the sage whereas he wanted himself to be hanged.

Activities Based on Language study

Do the following as instructed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

1. c o _ r t
2. g u _ r d
3. g _ e a t
4. f a u _ t

Answer:

1. c o u r t
2. g u a r d
3. g r e a t
4. f a u l t.

Question 2.
Copy the following sentences correctly in your notebook:
Answer:
1. Why have you not carried out my orders?
2. What a wonderful fate in my next life a king once again!

Question 3.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. forgive, excess, mercy, guilty.
2. moulding, mortar, Majesty, measure.
Answer:
1. excess, forgive, guilty, mercy.
2. Majesty, measure, mortar, moulding.

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. oh do not fret father the king will not hang me said daughter
2. the king said ah justice at last take him to the gallows without further delay
Answer:
1. “Oh, do not fret, father. The king will i not hang me,” said daughter.
2. The King said, “Ah! Justice at last! Take him to the gallows without further delay.”

Question 5.
Write four small words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the given word:
‘explanation.’
Answer:

1. explain
2. nation
3. plain
4. plant.

Question 6.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences:
1. O Noble King, you were most generous.
2. The great prophets has foretold that the one who will be hanged on this day shall become the next king and conquer many more nations.
Answer:
1. O Noble King, You are most generous.
2. The great prophets have foretold that the one who will be hanged on this day shall become the next king and conquer many more nations.

Question 7.
Write related words as shown in the
example:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 8.
Complete the following word-chain of adjectives. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:
young → ……………. → ……………. → ………….. → ………….. .
Answer:
young → great → terrible → equal → lovely

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Make your own meaningful sentence by using the phrase ‘to say goodbye’.
Answer:
It is quite difficult to say goodbye to our school.

Question 2.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new
words and use any one of the root words in your own sentence: 2
1. mercy
2. complicate.
Answer:
1. mercy – merciful
2. complicate – complication.
Sentence: The bricklayer begged for mercy.

Question 3.
Add a clause to expand the sentence meaningfully:
The teacher suggested …………………..
Answer:
The teacher suggested that we should follow the rules and regulations of our country.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 4.5 The Last Lesson Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 The Last Lesson

My English Coursebook Std 9 Guide Chapter 4.5 The Last Lesson Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!
Chit-chat

1. How was this year for you?
2. Are you happy with what you could study this year?
3. What did you miss, or could not do ?
4. What do you plan to do about it-about the things you could not do /study well?
5. What was the best moment for you this year?

Growing sentences

Form pairs/groups and do the following activities:

1. Form pairs. Write two sentences of two words each.
Examples:
1. Stand up.
2. Don’t disturb.

2. Form groups of three. Write three sentences of three words each.
Examples:

1. Please come here.
2. Open your books.
3. You can go.

3. Form groups of four. Write four sentences of four words each.
Examples:

1. Complete your notebooks now.
2. Is it your book?
3. I like my school.
4. Mother cooks nice food.

4. Continue to write as many sentences as the number of students in the group, till you reach the number 10.

5. After that, go on forming bigger groups and writing sentences with as many words as the number of students in the group. However, you may write only one or two sentences at each step after 10.
Examples:

• Sentence of 5 words: Can you please help me? Sentence of 6 words : Avanish works hard for his future.
• Sentence of 7 words: You are free to choose your career.
• Sentence of 8 words: I got this gift on my tenth birthday.
• Sentence of 9 words: My mother corrects me when I make a mistake.
• Sentence of 10 words: We should follow the rules and regulations of our society.

6. See if you can make a sentence with as many words in it as there are students in your classroom.

7. Write the sentence in big letters on chart paper and display it in the classroom.

English Workshop:

1. Find the meaning of the following words from a good dictionary:

Question 1.
Find the meaning of the following words from a good dictionary:
Answer:

1. Sawmill – a factory where wood is cut with machinery
2. Prussian – German inhabitant of Prussia
3. Apprentice – a person who learns some skill needed in his/her job.
4. nuisance – annoyance
5. cranky – irritable
6. hold fast to something – to possess something (here language) firmly despite of many difficulties.
7. at one stroke – with a single immediate action.
8. might – strength.

2. List the people and their occupation in the passage.

Question 1.
List the people and their occupation in the passage.
Answer:
1. M. Hamel – French teacher
2. Franz – the narrator student

3. Find five words ending with ‘-ing’ and five words ending with ‘-ed’ from the lesson.

Question 1.
Find five words ending with ‘-ing’ and five words ending with ‘-ed’ from the lesson.
Answer:

Words ending with ‘ing’	Words ending with ‘ed’
1. fluttering	1. dismissed
2. writing	2. turned
3. scratching	3. looked
4. choking	4. leaned

4. Find five examples of commonly used past participles from the story. For example, said, learnt.

Question 1.
Find five examples of commonly used past participles from the story. For example, said, learnt.
Answer:
Commonly used past participles from the passage:

1. got
2. saw
3. wore
4. came
5. put

5. What is the meaning of the following words and phrases in the passage? Choose the correct alternative.

Question (a)
…………….. was in great dread of
1. was in a great hall
2. was in great demand
3. was afraid of
4. was angry with.
Answer:
3. was afraid of

Question (b)
……………….. did not know the first word about them
1. did not know anything about them
2. did not care about them
3. knew all the words except the first word
4. had not learnt them by heart.
Answer:
1. did not know anything about them

Question (c)
…………………… terrible iron ruler
1. a great king
2. a ruler made of poor quality iron
3. a magic ruler
4. ruler with which the master hit the student hard.
Answer:
4. ruler with which the master hit the student hard.

Question (d)
…………… got a little over my fright
1. got very frightened
2. got something because I was frightened
3. became little
4. got less frightened
Answer:
4. got less frightened

Question (e)
What a thunderclap these words were to me!
1. The words came as a shock.
2. He shouted the words at me.
3. There was thunder and lightning.
4. The words were accompanied by claps.
Answer:
1. The words came as a shock.

Question (f)
……………… she put off learning tomorrow
1. she prepare for learning
2. she did not learn at that time
3. she cancelled tomorrow’s learning
4. she studied the word ‘tomorrow’.

6. Fill in the following blanks using proper words from ‘who’, ‘when’, ‘what’, ‘how’ or I ‘why’:

Question 1.
Fill in the following blanks using proper words from ‘who’, ‘when’, ‘what’, ‘how’ or I ‘why’:
(a) She started jumping for joy ……………… she heard the news.
(b) You must tell ………………… I mustn’t do it.
(c) The person ……………… is making the speech is my friend.
(d) They wondered ……………….. had happened to him.
(e) You must show me ………………….. to mix the solutions.
(f) I’ll tell you …………………… it is time to leave.
Answer:
(a) She started jumping for joy when she heard the news.
(b) You must tell why I mustn’t do it.
(c) The person who is making the speech is my friend.
(d) They wondered what had happened to him.
(e) You must show me how to mix the solutions.
(f) I’ll tell you when it is time to leave.

Question 2.
Write a letter of thanks to your English teacher. Thank him/her for everything that he/she did for you:
Answer:
Ishan More
16, Gnyaneshwari,
Aarey Road,
Goregaon (East),
Mumbai – 400 063.
30th April, 2020.

Dear Gogate madam,

I take this opportunity to thank you from my bottom of heart for whatever you have done for me and to improve my English skills. I think words fail me toexpress my gratitude.

Madam, when I saw this new book for the first time, I was worried as I didn’t understand how to study it and improve my writing and speaking skills. But while taking activities of every lesson and poem you not only boosted our courage but also made us confident to write and speak English fluently.

While taking activities, you gave opportunity to every one, so that we could think, imagine and express. At the same time by, taking activities based on vocabulary and grammar you laid a good foundation of it. Now, each and every student of our class wishes to learn English on their own. You created interest in learning the language.

I am really proud to say that throughout the journey of my life, I will be thankful for your efforts taken for the development of our language. I am sure, only because of your support and help I can now speak and write English fluently.

Thank you for the guidance you have given throughout the year and for making it so wonderful. I will forever be obliged to you.

Yours obediently,
Ishan More

7. Write a short note on your mother tongue and the attempts you make to study it well.

Question 1.
Write a short note on your mother tongue and the attempts you make to study it well.
Answer:
My mother tongue is Marathi. It is spoken all over Maharashtra. Konkani, Malvani, Ahirani, Varhadi are some of the dialects of Marathi. According to many writers and philosophers, it is the most beautiful language in India.

The moment when I heard the first Marathi word ‘Aai’, I have been learning this language till today. I learnt it from my parents, grandparents, neighbours and my Marathi teachers. I read a lots of books including novels of renowned authors in Marathi. People say Marathi is rich in its literature. By reading Marathi newspapers, magazines and by listening Marathi news bulletins I improved my vocabulary and even the beauty of structure. Being my mother tongue, I haven’t taken any special efforts to learn this language as I learnt it from my surroundings.

8. Write points and counter points on the following topics:

Question 1.
You should study all subjects in your mother tongue:
Answer:
Points:
1. Language is a symbol that reflects the culture of one’s community and ethnic identity and speaking in one’s own mother tongue can create a sense of personal identity for the students across the globe.
2. When students don’t understand the instructions given by the teachers in English they lose their confidence and they either choose to sit silently or repeat mechanically, leading to frustration and ultimately repetition, failure and school drop out.

Counterpoints:

1. India is a country with too many languages with some being state specific and Hindi being the national language. English being an international language has now become language connecting the whole of India. On the other hand, we have our mother tongues which teach the kids about our culture and about our past.

2. If the instructions are given in mother tongue then the question arises, “How will they cope up with English later on? The educationists and policy makers need to give it a thought.

Question 2.
You must memorise the rules of grammar : Points:
Answer:
1. Language is the base of almost everything we do as human beings. We cannot communicate without language. If we want to understand linguistic dimension of our existence we need to learn the rules and regulations of grammar as it is fundamental organizing principle of language.
2. It has been observed that the explicit teaching of grammar rules leads to better learning and understanding and this lasts over time. Learning about grammar provides basic knowledge for learning other languages.
Counterpoints:
1. The difference between a literate and educated person is that an educated person knows to read and write. Anyone who knows to read and write knows grammar. It is a part of learning a language. Why to take it up as a separate thing to learn and add to the stress level of the students.
2. Language is a means of communication, people have been communicating with each other for ages. Functional grammar is still acceptable but learning rules looks like wastage of time and energy. There are pros and cons of everything and so is of learning grammar rules. I think that at least the basics of grammar should be taught till primary level and then we can shift to functional grammer.

9. Why was Franz sad?

Question 1.
Why was Franz sad?
Answer:
When Franz came to know that M. Hamel was leaving, he realized that he had not learned a single word of French, his own language and now they will start teaching German. He was also sad thinking about the condition of M. Hamel who was leaving the school after forty years of faithful service.

10. What should people never lose even when they lose freedom?

Question 1.
What should people never lose even when they lose freedom?
Answer:
Even when the people lose their freedom, they should not lose their own language.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 4.5 The Last Lesson Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
State whether you Agree or Disagree with the following statements:
Answer:

1. A little boy Franz is narrating the story. – Agree
2. Mr. Hamel is the teacher in Franz’s school. – Agree
3. Franz had learnt all his participles well. – Disagree
4. All bad news had come from the bulletin board which was kept in front of Franz’s school. – Disagree

Question 2.
List the profession/occupation of the people mentioned in the passage:
Answer:

1. Little Franz: student/narrator
2. M. Hamel: teacher
3. Watcher: blacksmith
4. Classmates: students studying in the same class.
5. Prussians: Soldiers
6. Villagers: former mayor former postmaster.

Question 3.
Complete the following sentences:
Answer:

1. The story takes place in Alsace and Loraine.
2. The order from Berlin forced on teaching German instead of French in the schools of Alsace and Loraine.
3. Franz studies grammer, French and history of the saints in school.

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences by using one word: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. According to M. Hamel, French was the most beautiful language in the world.
2. M. Hamel had put on his Sunday clothes.
3. M. Hamel had put in forty years of faithful service.
4. Franz had not studied participles.

Question 5.
State whether the following statements are True or False: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. The people of the village gathered in the school to thank M. Hamel. – True
2. Franz can neither speak nor write French. – True
3. Franz’s parents were very much anxious in his studies. – False
4. Franz had never listened M. Hamel so carefully before. – True

Question 6.
Complete the following sentences:
Answer:

1. M. Hamel lived above the school room.
2. His sister lived with him.
3. M. Hamel wrote “VIVE LA FRANCE”! on the blackboard with all his might.
4. M. Hamel wrote France, Alsace, France, Alsace on the grammar copy.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences:
Answer:
1. The iron ruler is said to be terrible because M. Hamel hit the students with this ruler.
2. The narrator was thinking not to go to school because he thought M. Hamel would question him about participles and scold him for not doing the participles.

Question 2.
Describe the scene usually like when school begins?
Answer:
Usually, when school begins there was a great bustle which could be heard out in the street – the opening and closing of desks, lessons repeated in unison, very loud, and the teacher’s great ruler rapping on the table.

Question 3.
In what time period does the story take place?
Answer:
During the France-Prussian war 1870-1871.

Question 4.
How did M. Hamel dress up on special occasions?
Answer:
On special occasions, M. Hamel dressed up in his beautiful green coat, frilled shirt and a little black embroidered silk cap.

Question 5.
Is the school closing down?
Answer:
No, the school is not closing down whereas a German teacher is going to take the place of M. Hamel who teaches French in that school.

Question 6.
Why were the old men of the village attending school that day?
Answer:
The old men of the village were sorry that they had not gone to school in their life. They also wanted to thank M. Hamel for his selfless service of forty years and show their respect for their country which did not belong to them now. So they were attending the school that day.

Question 7.
Why did M. Hamel not scold Franz?
Answer:
Franz was feeling guilty for not learning French properly even though he had a good chance to learn. He also knew that it was not his fault. Whereas his parents were also responsible for the same so M. Hamel did not scold Franz.

Question 8.
According to M. Hamel, who are the people that did not take education seriously? What examples does he give to support his view?
Answer:
According to M. Hamel, the people of Alsace did not take education seriously. He gave the example of Franz’s parents who wanted Franz to work on a farm or at the mill instead of going to school and learn.

Question 9.
Why does Franz understand his lesson well?
Answer:
Being the last lesson of French, Franz was serious. He heard it more carefully that day. He also realized that M. Hamel was teaching patiently as if he wanted to give everything he knew, before going away. So Franz understands his lesson well.

Question 10.
Why does the author say, “I never saw him look so tall”?
Answer:
The author was always afraid of his French teacher M. Hamel. He also did not understand what he taught. But on the last day of his lecture, the narrator understood and remembered that last lesson. He also developed respect and love for M. Hamel seeing his patriotism. So he says. “I never saw him look so tall.”

Question 11.
Complete the following sentences:
Answer:

1. The only sound in the classroom was the scratching of the pens over the paper.
2. M. Hamel’s sister moved in the room above to pack their trunks.
3. The gesture to students with his hand by M. Hamel was school is dismissed – you may go.
4. Only the desks and benches had been worn smooth.

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Make a Word Register related with “School” based on the given passage.
Answer:
School: desks, participles, lessons, questions, teacher, classmates, table, ruler.

Question 2.
Complete the following table with the help of the passage given:
Answer:

Words ending with ‘ing’	Words ending with ‘ed’
morning, scolding, running, spending, chirping, drilling, reading, making, closing, opening, rapping, walking, beginning, etc.	started, passed, hurried, happened, frightened, called, etc.

Question 3.
Find out examples of commonly used past participles from the passage.
Answer:
Commonly used past participles from the passage:
1. knew
2. forgot.

Question 4.
Write the meaning of the following words :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. bustle – busy and noisy activity
2. attentive – thoughtful
3. solemn – sincere.

Question 5.
Find out opposites from the passage for the following : (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. disrespect × respect
2. unfaithful × faithful
3. carefree × anxious
4. best × worst

Question 6.
Arrange the following words in alphabetical order:
prison, patience, people, poor, participles, plenty, pretend, parents.
Answer:
Alphabetical order:
parents, participles, patience, people, plenty, poor, pretend, prison.

Question 7.
Find out synonyms from the passage for –
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. awesome – beautiful
2. flapping – fluttering
3. intone – chant
4. discharged – dismissed

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Frame a Wh-question to get underlined answer:

Question 1.
The birds were chirping at the edges of the woods.
Answer:
Where were the birds chirping?

Question 2.
The blacksmith was there with his apprentice.
Answer:
Who was there with his apprentice?

Question 3.
The narrator was blushed and frightened.
Answer:
How was the narrator?

Question 4.
The morning was warm and bright.
Answer:
What was warm and bright?

Question 5.
Find out two imperative and two exclamatory sentences from the passage:
Answer:
1. Imperative sentences:

• Don’t go so fast, boy.
• Go to your place quickly.

2. Exclamatory sentences:

• It was so warm, so bright!
• But now it was all so still!

Pick out the infinitive from the sentence and use it in your own sentence:

Question 1.
The order has come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools.
Answer:
Infinitive – to teach
Sentence: I don’t like to teach the people, I like to learn from the people.

Question 2.
So heavy to carry my grammar and my history of the saints.
Answer:
Infinitive – to carry
Sentence: Most of the youngsters don’t like to carry anything with them.

Question 3.
M. Hamel said, “My children, this is the last lesson I shall give you. The order has come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Loraine.” (Rewrite it in indirect narration.)
Answer:
M. Hamel told his children that, it was the last lesson he would give them. He further told them that the order had come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Loraine.

Question 4.
Add a question tag given.
Answer:

1. They had not gone to school, had they?
2. Your parents were not anxious enough to have you learn, were they?
3. You are not the worst, are you?
4. I had never listened so carefully, had I?

Make it affirmative without changing the meanings:

Question 1.
He had never explained everything with so much patience.
Answer:
He had hardly explained everything with so much patience.

Question 2.
I had not learnt my participles so I could not say a single word.
Answer:
I had hardly learnt my participles so I was unable to say a single word.

Question 3.
I thought to myself, “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?”
(Rewrite it in indirect narration.)
Answer:
I thought to myself that they would make them sing in German, even the pigeons.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
He could not go on. (Use ‘to be able to’)
Answer:
He was not able to go on.

Question 2.
He took a piece of chalk, he wrote as large as he could. (Begin the sentence with ‘After taking …’)
Answer:
After taking a piece of chalk, he wrote as large as he could.

Question 3.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

1. s _ old
2. fie_d
3. pr _ ze
4. t_ach

Answer:

1. scold
2. field
3. prize
4. teach

Question 4.
Copy the following sentences in your notebook:
Answer:
1. “Don’t go so fast, boy; you’ll get to your school in plenty of time!”
2. I thought myself “What can be the matter now?”

Question 5.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. wondering, participles, mayor, bustle.
2. scolding, solemn, scratching, soldiers.
Answer:
1. bustle, mayor, participles, wondering.
2. scolding, scratching, soldiers, solemn.

Question 6.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. I thought to myself will they make them sing in german even the pigeons
2. this is your last french lesson I want you to be very attentive m hamel said
Answer:
1. I thought to myself, “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?”
2. “This is your last French lesson. I want you to be very attentive,” M. Hamel said.

Question 7.
Write four small words (minimum letters each) using the letters in the given word:
‘thunderclap’
Answer:

1. thunder
2. clap
3. under
4. tune

Question 8.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences:
1. Through the window I see my classmates, already in their place.
2. They were sorry because they has not gone to school more.
Answer:
1. Through the window I saw my classmates, already in their place.
2. They were sorry because they had not gone to school more.

Question 9.
Write related words as shown in the example: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 10.
Complete the following word-chain of verbs. Add four words each beginning with the last letter of the previous words:
chirp → ………………… → ……………….. → ……………… →…………….. .
Answer:
chirp → ping → grow → watch → heal.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Make your own meaningful sentence by using the phrase “Once in a blue moon”.
Answer:
My uncle lives in Australia, so I see him only once in a blue moon.

Question 2.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words and use any one of the root words in your own sentence:
1. motion
2. faith
Answer:
1. motion – motionless
2. faith – faithful.
Sentence: My grandmother was sitting without any motion in her chair.

Question 3.
Add a clause to expand the sentence meaningfully:
The people realized …………….. .
Answer:
The people realized that trees should be protected at any cost.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What is the scene like when your own school begins? Describe it in short.
Answer:
When my school begins, students are busy in different activities. There is chaos everywhere, students rush to their classes hurriedly. They meet and greet each other. They run laugh, chat and enjoy the beginning of the school.

Question 2.
How do your teachers punish you when you make a mistake in the class?
Answer:
I never give any chance to my teachers to punish me. Being studious and serious in studies, I always do my work on time. I participate in all the activities in the class. So my teachers always praise me and my work. So even if I make a mistake they never punish me.

Question 3.
Why is it the last lesson?
Answer:
An order had come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Loraine. M. Hamel used to teach French there. By order a new German teacher was supposed to come the next day to teach German in that school. It was the last lesson of French and the French teacher.

Question 4.
We should be grateful to our teachers – support your views.
Answer:
We should be grateful to our teachers because whatever they do, they do it for the development of their students. They do it selflessly. They want every student to be successful. By telling us what is good and what is bad they always show us the right path. They always lead like a ‘torch bearer’ to us.

Question 5.
Why M. Hamel was leaving the country?
Answer:
M. Hamel was extremely patriotic towards I France and had a deep love for the French language. The Prussians had taken over Alsace and Loraine. He might be leaving the country as he did not want to live under the Prussians’ rule where even teaching the French language was prohibited.

Question 6.
With the coming of Prussians, will language be the only thing that will change? What other changes may take place?
Answer:
With the coming of Prussians not only language but also the whole life of the people of France will be changed because they will be bound by German laws. They will not get their fundamental rights. They will have to obey their orders and live like slaves. They will squeeze money out of them and leave them financially bankrupt.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Part 1 Chapter Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the statements using correct options:

How Seasons Occur Part 2 Class 7 Question 1.
The apparent movement of the sun means that ________.
(a) the sun revolves around the earth in a year.
(b) it appears that the sun moves to the north or south in a year.
(c) the earth keeps on changing its position.
Answer:
(b) it appears that the sun moves to the north or south in a year.

How Seasons Occur Part 2 Question 2.
If the axis of the earth were not tilted ________.
(a) the earth would not have rotated around , itself.
(b) the earth would have revolved around the sun with greater velocity.
(c) different parallels on the earth would have experienced the same climate throughout the year.
Answer:
(c) different parallels on the earth would have experienced the same climate throughout the year.

How Seasons Occur – Part 2 Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
21sl June and 22nd December are solstice days, that is ________.
(a) the sun starts its southward journey from Tropic of Cancer on 21st June and Northward journey from Tropic of Capricon on 22nd December.
(b) the Dakshinayan of the sun takes place between 21st June and 22nd December.
(c) the Uttarayan of the earth takes place between 22nd December and 21st June.
Answer:
(a) the sun starts its southward journey from Tropic of Cancer on 21st June and Northward journey from Tropic of Capricon on 22nd December.

How Seasons Occur – Part 2 Class 7 Answers Question 4.
The revolution of the earth around the Sun and the tilt of the axis of the earth together are responsible for the ______.
(a) summer, rainy season, retreat of monsoon, winter.
(b) summer, winter and spring.
(c) summer and winter.
Answer:
(c) summer and winter.

2. Answer the following questions:

How Seasons Occur – Part 2 Questions And Answers Question 1.
What leads to the occurrence of seasons?
Answer:
(i) Seasons occur due to the revolution of the earth.
(ii) Seasons also occur due to the tilt of the earth’s axis of rotation.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 Question 2.
What is the duration of the day on equinox?
Answer:
(i) The circle of illumination divides all the parallels from the north pole to the south pole equally.
(ii) Everywhere on the earth, the night time and day time are of equal duration. This condition is called equinox.
(iii) Thus, the duration of the day will be twelve hours on equinox.

How Seasons Occur – Part 1 Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
Why is the effect of the seasons not experienced in the equatorial region?
Answer:
(i) Seasons have been decided on the basis of the duration of sunlight, equinoxes & solstices
(i) The equatorial region receives perpendicular sunray almost throughout the year.
(ii) Hence the climate of that region does not change at all in the year.
(iii) Hence the effect of the seasons is not experienced in the equatorial region.

How Seasons Occur – Part 1 Questions And Answers Question 4.
Why is the sun visible for more than 24 hours during Dakshinayan in the region between the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole?
Answer:
(i) Sunrays are never perpendicular on any of the parallels between Tropic of Cancer & the North pole or between Tropic of Capricorn & the South pole.
(ii) In the period from 23rd September to 21st March (Dakshinayan) the region between Antarctic circle and the south faces the sun. The whole of Antarctic Circle falls within the zone of illumination.
(iii) So the sun is visible in the sky for more than 24 hours.

Geography Class 7 How Seasons Occur – Part 2 Question 5.
Why are penguins not found at the North Pole?
Answer:
(i) The living world on the earth is affected by the cycle of seasons.
(ii) Penguins are native to south pole. Penguins have adapted to the natural conditions prevailing in the Antarctic regions of the south pole.
(iii) Besides predators like polar bears roam within the Arctic Circle. Hence penguins are found at the South pole & not at the North pole.

3. Rewrite the following statements after correcting them:

Question 1.
The earth’s velocity varies according to the period of revolution.
Answer:
The earth’s velocity varies due to the rotation of the earth.

Question 2.
If we observe from the northern hemisphere we see the apparent movement of the sun.
Answer:
We see the apparent movement of the sun from both the northern & southern hemispheres.

Question 3.
The dates of equinox change every year.
Answer:
The dates of equinox does not change every year. They vary by a day or so.

Question 4.
North Canada experiences summer from September to March.
Answer:
North Canada experience winter from September to March.

Question 5.
When it is summer in South Africa, Australia has winter.
Answer:
When it is summer in South Africa, Australia has summer.

Question 6.
Duration of daytime is less on the vernal and autumnal equinoxes.
Answer:
On the vernal (spring) equinox and autumnal equinox, day and night time are of the same duration.

4. Spot the error in the diagram given below:

Answer:
Spring Equinox – 21st March
Summer Solstice – 21st June
Winter Solstice – 22nd December

5. Draw a diagram showing the cycle of seasons in the southern hemisphere.
Answer:

ICT Question :

Question 1.
Using the internet sites or a calendar, find and note the duration of the day for specific dates between 22nd March and 23rd September. Calculate the duration of the nights too. Using this information draw a compound bar graph.
Question 2.
Draw a diagram of aphelion and perihelion positions of the earth on the computer.

Activity:

Using the internet, collect pictorial information of any four migratory birds/animals.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell:

Figure shows the position of the earth with its tilted axis on 21st June and 22nd December. It also shows its illuminated and dark positions. Observe the figure and answer the following.

Question 1.
In fig ‘A which pole is receiving sunlight?
Answer:
North Pole is receiving sunlight in Fig ‘A’

Question 2.
In fig ‘B’ which pole is not receiving sunlight?
Answer:
North Pole is not receiving sunlight in Fig. ‘B’

Question 3.
Which hemisphere has the longest daytime on 21st June?
Answer:
Northern hemisphere has the longest daytime on 21st June.

Question 4.
Which hemisphere will have the longest night on 22nd December?
Answer:
Northern hemisphere will have the largest night in 22nd December.

Question 5.
On which date will the Tropic of Cancer receive perpendicular sunrays?
Answer:
The Tropic of Cancer will receive perpendicular sunrays on 21st June.

Question 6.
Considering the position of the north pole, which season will prevail in the northern hemisphere from 22nd March to 23rd September?
Answer:
Summer season will prevail in the northern hemisphere from 22nd March to 23rd September.

Question 7.
The cricket matches in Australia are generally in summer, when does Australia have summer?
Answer:
Summer season prevails in Australia from 23rd September to 21st March.

Question 8.
In which period is the ‘midnight sun’ observable in Norway? Which season will there be at that time?
Answer:
Midnight sun is observable in Norway from 21st March to 23rd September. It will be summer in Norway that time.

Question 9.
At what time will the midnight sun be visible at the “Bharati Research Station” of India at Antarctica? What will be the season there at that time?
Answer:
The midnight sun will be visible at Bharati Research Station of India at Antarctica from 23rd September to 21st March. It will be summer season there.

Use your brain power:

Question 1.
The summer capital of Jammu & Kashmir is Srinagar while the winter capital is Jammu. What could be the reason?
Answer:
(i) Jammu is located in the southern part of the state of Jammu & Kashmir whereas Srinagar is located to its north.

(ii) Also Jammu is located at an altitude of 350m whereas Srinagar is located at an altitude of approximately 1500m.

(iii) So Jammu has higher temperature in summer as compared to Srinagar. As Srinagar has pleasant climate in summer, it acts as summer capital of the state.

(iv) As winters are not very cold in Jammu & it is early accessible, it acts as a winter capital of the state.

Question 2.
While India & England are located in the same hemisphere why are the cricket matches in these two countries arranged in different months?
Answer:
(i) As India is a tropical country summers temperature are very high. England on the other hand falls in the temperate zone which has mild summers. Hence, England is suitable for cricket matches in summer.

(ii) As England lies in the temperate zone it her very cold winters. India on the other hand has mild winters as it is a tropical country. Thus India is suitable for cricket matches in winters. Hence, although India & England are located in the same hemisphere, due to latitudinal differences, the cricket matches in these two countries are arranged in different months.

Question 3.
On 21st March and 23rd September, daytime and night time are same all over the earth. But why do some parts experience summer and some winter on the these days?
Answer:
(i) If the earth’s axis were not tilted, the same climatic conditions would have prevailed on each of the different parallels throughout the year.

(ii) The seasons would not have occurred. It is due to the tilt of the earth’s axis that some parts of the earth experience summer and some winter on these days.

Question 4.
Mention any two countries in the world where one needs woollen clothing in the month of May. Also mention their latitudinal positions.
Answer:
South Africa is on 23°S latitude.
Iceland is on 65°N latitude.

Question 5.
On equinox days, the two poles experience either sunrise or sunset. On which pole will it be sunrise on 21st March?
Answer:
Sunrise will be experienced on the North pole.

Think about it:

Question 1.
In which direction will the location of sunrise and sunset appear to move after 22nd of December?
Answer:
On 22nd December the sun reaches the southernmost position as seen from the earth. The sun seems to stand still at the Tropic of Capricon and then reverses its direction. The sun appears to move northwards after 22nd December.

Observe Fig of textbook page 47 carefully & answer:

Question 2.
positioned relative to the sun on the dates given in the figure?
Answer:
(i) The northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun in the period between 21st March is 23rd September. Hence, northern hemisphere experiences summer season.

(ii) It is tilted away from the sun in the period between 23rd September to 21st March. Hence, northern hemisphere experiences winter season.

Question 3.
Which season will you experience in the northern hemisphere around 22nd December?
Answer:
We will experience Winter season in the northern hemisphere around 22nd December.

Question 4.
What would be the season in the northern hemisphere around 21st June?
Answer:
It will be Summer season in the northern hemisphere around 21st June.

Question 5.
If it is winter in the northern hemisphere which season will it be in opposite hemisphere?
Answer:
If it is winter in the northern hemisphere, the southern hemisphere will experience summer season.

Question 6.
At any given point of time why are the season in the northern and southern hemisphere different?
Answer:
(i) Regardless of the time of the year, the northern and southern hemisphere experience opposite seasons.

(ii) In the period from 21st March to 23rd September the northern hemisphere is exposed to more direct sunlight because this hemisphere faces the sun.

(iii) In the period from 23rd September to 21st March the southern hemisphere is exposed to more direct sunlight.

(iv) It is the tilt of the Earth that causes the difference in the seasons.

Question 7.
What effects do the seasons have on the biodiversity in India? Write briefly about it:
Answer:
(i) The living world on the earth is affected by the cycle of seasons.

(ii) Change in seasons cause immense biodiversity loss, affecting both individual species and their ecosystem that support economic growth and human well being.

(iii) Greater frequency and severity of heat waves and extreme weather is a threat to the survival of mankind and animals too.

(iv) Floral and animal activity variation depends on seasonal temperature variation with different species flowering at specific times before or after monsoon seasons.

(v) Any change in rainfall pattern poses a threat to agriculture.

Give it a try:

Question 1.
Regarding daytime & the cycle of season, what conditions would have prevailed at the following place, if the earth’s axis were not tilled? (Canada, Tasmania, Nigeria, West Indies, Peru, Borneo)
Answer:

• Effect on day & night time: If the earth’s axis were not titled the duration of day time & night time would have been equal throughout the year.
• Effect on seasons: There would be no seasonal change on the earth.
• Canada and Tasmania would experience winter throughout the year as they are located near the poles.
• West Indies, Peru, Nigeria, Borneo would experience summer throughout the year as they are located near the equator.

Can you tell:

Discuss the activity you have been carrying out since June (Refer ch. 1) make use of the observation tables for the months of June, September & December.

Question 1.
In which month the duration of the day was around 12 hours?
Answer:
The duration of the day was around 12 hours in the month of September.

Question 2.
What could be the reason behind it?
Answer:
The duration of day is 12 hours in the month of September because both the hemispheres of the earth are at equal distance from the sun & the equator receives perpendicular rays of the sun.

Question 3.
Bring out the differences between the duration of daytime in the months of June, September & December.
Answer:
The duration of day is around 13 hours in the month of June. It decreases to around 12 hours in the month of September. It is around 11 hours in the month of December.

Question 4.
What could be the reason for the change in the shadow of the stick?
Answer:
There is a change in the shadow of the stick because there is a change in position of the sunrise & sunset.

Question 5.
What did you observe about the position of the sun at the horizon at the time of sunrise & sunset?
Answer:
(i) After 21st June the position of the sun at the horizon at the time of sunrise & sunset shifted southwards.
(ii) After 22nd December the position of the sun at the horizon at the time of sunrise & sunset shifted north wards.

Question 6.
Which of the following factors could be related with the change in the position of the shadow of the stick & the difference in the duration of daytime?
(i) Rotation of the earth
(ii) Distance between the earth & the sun
(iii) Revolution of the earth.
(iv) The axis of the earth.
Answer:
(i) Revolution of the earth
(ii) The axis of the earth.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
The position of the sun at sunrise, appears to change on the ______ everyday.
Answer:
horizon

Question 2.
_______ occurs only with reference to the northern and the southern hemispheres.
Answer:
Seasons

Question 3.
The path of the revolution of the earth around the sun is ______.
Answer:
elliptical

Question 4.
As the earth revolves around the sun, its perpendicular rays fall on the _____ twice a year.
Answer:
equator

Question 5.
In the northern hemisphere prevails from 21st March to 21st June, while ______ prevails from 23rd September to 22nd December.
Answer:
spring, autumn

Question 6.
________ is the longest day and has the shortest night in the northern hemisphere.
Answer:
21st June

Question 7.
_____ marks the longest day and the shortest night in the southern hemisphere.
Answer:
22nd December

Question 8.
On the _____ the duration of day and night is the same throughout the year.
Answer:
equator

Question 9.
The occurrence of seasons one after the other leads to the ______.
Answer:
cycle of seasons

Question 10.
Agricultural seasons also depend on the local ________ conditions.
Answer:
climatic

Question 11.
Continuous, occurrence of rain in a specific period gives rise to additional _______ besides summer and winter.
Answer:
season

Question 12.
On _____ and ______ day time and night time are same all over the earth.
Answer:
21st March, 23rd September

Question 13.
The period in which the position of the rising sun keeps moving towards the south is called _______.
Answer:
Dakshinayan

Question 14.
The period in which the position of the rising sun keeps moving towards the north is called _______.
Answer:
Uttarayan

Question 15.
In the northern hemisphere 23rd September is called ____ equinox.
Answer:
Autumnal

Complete the following sentence:

Question 1.
The movement of the sun towards the north or south in a year is called ________.
Answer:
the apparent movement of the sun

Question 2.
Seasons occur only with reference to _______.
Answer:
the northern and the southern hemisphere

Question 3.
The diurnal apparent movement of the sun is related to _______.
Answer:
the rotation of the earth

Question 4.
The annual apparent movement of the sun is related to ______.
Answer:
the revolution of the earth and the tilt of earth’s axis

Question 5.
In the first week of July, the earth is at _______.
Answer:
the farthest point from the sun.

Question 6.
The circle of illumination1 divides ______.
Answer:
all the parallels from the north pole to the south pole equally.

Question 7.
In the northern hemisphere, spring prevails ______.
Answer:
from 21st March to 21st June.

Question 8.
In the northern hemisphere, autumn prevails ______.
Answer:
from 23rd September to 22nd December.

Question 9.
Only on 21st June and 22nd December, the sun rays become _____.
Answer:
perpendicular on the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricon respectively

Question 10.
Seasons have been decided on the basis of _________.
Answer:
the duration of sunlight, equinoxes and solstices

Question 11.
The living world on the earth is affected by ________.
Answer:
the cycle of seasons.

Question 12.
Continuous occurrence of rain in a specific period gives rise to _____.
Answer:
an additional season besides summer and winter.

Complete the statements using the correct options:

Question 1.
In the course of one year, Arctic tern has to travel in search of food.
(a) around 50,000 km.
(b) around 70,000 km.
(c) around 90,000 km.
Answer:
(b) around 70,000 km.

Question 2.
Due to severe winter and lack of food, Siberian cranes from the cold northern regions visit India travelling around
(a) 8 to 10 thousand kilometers.
(b) 10 to 12 thousand kilometers.
(c) 12 to 14 thousand kilometers.
Answer:
(a) 8 to 10 thousand kilometers.

Question 3.
The two Poles experience either sunrise or sunset on
(a) Solstice days.
(b) Equinox days.
(c) Dakshinayan.
Answer:
(b) Equinox days.

Question 4.
The diurnal apparent movement of the sun is related to
(a) the revolution of the earth.
(b) rotation of the earth.
(c) tilt of the earth’s axis.
Answer:
(b) rotation of the earth

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the apparent movement of the sun?
Answer:
The movement of the sun towards the north or south in a year is called the apparent movement of the sun.

Question 2.
What is Equinox?
Answer:
On 21st March and 23rd September, the north pole and the south pole are at the same distance from the earth due to which the daytime & night time are of equal duration every where on earth. This is called Equinox.

Question 3.
How have seasons been decided?
Answer:
Seasons have been decided on the basis of the duration of sunlight, equinoxes and solstices.

Question 4.
Name the four seasons of Europe and North America.
Answer:
The four seasons in Europe and North America are summer, autumn, winter and spring.

Question 5.
Which living creatures are found in the Antarctic region?
Answer:
Birds like penguins, fish like seal and animals like walruses are found in the Antarctic region.

Question 6.
Which animals are found in the polar region of the northern hemisphere?
Answer:
In the polar region of the northern hemisphere animals like reindeer, polar bears, Arctic foxes, etc are found.

Question 7.
What are the factors that influence the seasons?
Answer:
The changes in the atmosphere, vapour in the air, the wind and the precipitation influence the seasons.

Question 8.
What do you mean by Dakshinayan?
Answer:
The period in which (from 21st June to 22nd December) the position of the rising sun keeps on moving towards the south is called as Dakshinayan.

Question 9.
What is Uttarayan?
Answer:
The period in which (from 22nd December to 21st June) the position of the rising sun keeps on moving towards the north is called as Uttarayan.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is called perihelion position of the earth?
Answer:

• As the earth moves in an ellipse, its distance from the sun does not remain the same.
•  It is at its minimum distance in the first week of January.
• This is called the perihelion position of the earth.

Question 2.
What is called aphelion position of the earth.
Answer:

• In the first week of July, the earth is at the farthest point from the sun.
• This is called the aphelion position.

Question 3.
What is called circle of illumination?
Answer:

• The illuminated and dark portions of all the parallels including the equator is called circle of illumination.
• It divides all the parallels from the north pole to the south pole equally.

Question 4.
What are Solstice days?
Answer:

• Solstice days are the days when the earth’s tilt towards the sun is at its maximum.
• On 21st June the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and the Tropic of Cancer starts receiving perpendicular rays of the sun.
• On 22nd December the Southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun & the Tropic of Capricorn starts receiving perpendicular rays of the sun.
• These two days are called solstice days.

Question 5.
Draw the diagram showing the Aphelion and perihelion position:
Answer:

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 3.1 The Plate of Gold Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 3.1 The Plate of Gold

Class 8 English Chapter 3.1 The Plate of Gold Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. Stories can be told even in the form of poetry. Such poems are called Narrative poems. Narrative poems do not always follow rhythmic patterns ola fixed rhyme scheme. Such poems are written ¡na style culled ‘Free Verse.’Recall and name some narrative poems you have done/read earlier.
Answer:
Students can discuss and think about the narrative poems in Free Verse done/read earlier e.g. ‘Vocation’ by Rabindranath Tagore.

2. Read the poem below and fill in the gaps, choosing appropriate pairs of rhyming words, to make them meaningful.

little things

Little drops of water,
Little groins of …………
Make the mighty ocean
And the pleasant …………
Thus the little minutes,
Humble though they ………..
Make the mighty ages
Of …………
Little deeds of kindness,
Little words of ………..
Make this earth an Eden,
Like the heaven a ………..

Answer:

Little things

Little drops of water,
Little grains of sand
Make the mighty ocean
And the pleasant land.
Thus the little minutes,
Humble though they be,
Make the mighty ages
Of eternity.
Little deeds of kindness,
Little words of love
Make this earth an Eden,
Like the heaven above.

What important messue does the aboe poem convey?
Answer:
It conveys the message that even little acts and gestures are important.We must not think that something is unimportant or insignificant just because it is small.

1. Pick out words from the poem to complete the sentences meaningfully:

Question a.
Stephen Hawking was a ________(famous) Astrophysicist.
Answer:
Renowned.

Question b.
The Government made a ________(announcement) about their new taxation policy.
Answer:
Proclamation.

Question c.
Everyone stood _______ (horrified) when the terrible accident took place.
Answer:
aghast.

Question d.
She _________(bargained) with the hawker to reduce the price.
Answer:
wrangled.

Question e.
Handicapped people should never be ______ (ignored and avoided)
Answer:
shunned.

2. Make a list of archaic words from the poem and give their modern equivalents.
Answer:

Archaic words	Modern equivalents
Wondrous	wonderful
Loveth	loves
Dropt	dropped
writ	written
bestowed	presented

3. Rearrange the following in the proper order and insert them into a flow chart as per the poem:

(a) The plate turned to lead, when it was gifted to false-hearted claimants.
(b) Many claimants donated their wealth to receive the plate of gold.
(e) For almost two years, no clQimants received the plate of gold.
(d) A plate of gold fell in a temple from Heaven.
(e) The peasant offered comfort and courage to a blind miserable beggar. whom all had ignored.
(f) The priests announced that the one who loved God most of all, would receive the gift from Heaven.
(g) When the priest gave the plate of gold to that peasant, it shone with thrice its lustre.
(h) A simple peasant, who had nothing to offer, came to that temple.
Answer:

4. Which two sayings about God are conveyed through the poem bThe Plate of Gold’?
(a) God helps those, who help themselves.
(b) God loves those, who love their fellow beings.
(c) God loves those, who give away their wealth, to please Him.
(d) Service to mankind is service to God.
Answer:
(b) God loves those, who love their fellow beings.
(d) Service to mankind is service to God.

5. ‘But the peasant bowed and prayed to God ‘ What could he have prayed for?
Answer:
The peasant must have prayed for the well-being of all human beings and asked God to help everyone to bear their troubles bravely.

6. Imagine that you are the peasant. Compose a short prayer to God, after having received the plate of gold. Write it using stylish handwriting.

7. Read other poems by Leigh Hunt. especially ‘Abou Ben Adhem’. Compare the messages in that poem with those in ‘The Plate of Gold’. What do you
observe?

Class 8 English Chapter 3.1 The Plate of Gold Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the web:

Question 1.

Answer:

Name the following:

The Plate Of Gold Questions And Answers Question 1.
They made a proclamation:
Answer:
the priests

3.1 The Plate Of Gold Questions And Answers Question 2.
A gift from heaven:
Answer:
a plate of gold

3.1 The Plate Of Gold Question 3.
People assembled at this time:
Answer:
midday

The Plate Of Gold Question Answer Question 4.
The plate became this again when it touched the floor:
Answer:
gold

Complete the following:

The Plate Of Gold Questions And Answers Std 8 Question 1.
The plate of gold could be claimed by _______.
Answer:
the person who loved his fellow beings the best

The Plate Of Gold Poem Questions And Answers Question 2.
The priests gifted the plate of gold to ______.
Answer:
a man who within the year had distributed his whole estate among the poor

The Plate Of Gold Class 8 Question 3.
The poor peasant offered the blind beggar _____.
Answer:
sincere pity and love.

Answer the following:

Question 1.
What magical occurrence shocked the people?
Answer:
The golden plate turned to lead when touched by the man, and became gold again when it fell on the floor.
This magical occurrence shocked the people.

Question 2.
Pick out an example of Alliteration from the extract.
Answer:
‘A wondrous plate of gold, whereon these words were writ’. Repetition of the sound of ‘w’.

Question 3.
Pick out an example of Simile from the extract.
Answer:
‘The news ran as swift as light.’ The movement of the news is directly compared to the movement of light.

Question 4.
Pick out an example of Onomatopoeia from the extract.
Answer:
‘……… drop it clanging on the floor’. The word ‘clanging’ indicates sound.

Question 5.
Pick out an example of Inversion from the extract.
Answer:
‘……… the priests in solemn council sat and heard’. The correct prose order is: the priests sat and heard in solemn council.

Write if the following sentences are True or False:

Question 1.
The priests did not award the plate to anyone.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
There were very few beggars near the temple gate.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
The beggars got a lot of alms.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
The peasant was well aware of the race for the plate.
Answer:
False

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Many beggars had collected outside the temple.
Answer:
The golden plate from Heaven was to be bestowed on the person who loved his fellow beings the most. The people who came to the temple would want to prove their love by giving alms. Hence many beggars had collected outside the temple to receive the bountiful alms.

Question 2.
The pilgrims to the temple showered coins on the beggars.
Answer:
The golden plate from Heaven was to be bestowed on the person who loved his fellow beings the most. In order to prove that their love was the best and hence they were worthy of the plate, the pilgrims to the temple showered coins on the beggars.

Question 3.
What did the pilgrims fail to do?
Answer:
The pilgrims failed to see the unhappiness in the eyes of the beggars.

Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B:

Question 1.

A	B
(1) maimed	(a) hands
(2) outstretched	(b) pity
(3) simple	(c) beggars
(4) sweet	(d) peasant

Answer:

1. maimed – beggars
2. outstretched – hands
3. simple – peasant
4. sweet – pity

Activities based on Poetic Devices:

Question 1.
Pick out an example of Inversion from the extract.
Answer:
‘So for another twelve months sat the priests and judged.’ The correct prose order is: So for another twelve months the priests sat and judged.

Question 2.
Pick out an example of Repetition from the extract.
Answer:
‘Thrice they awarded thrice did Heaven refuse the gift.’ The word thrice is repeated for emphasis and rhythm.

Complete the following:

Question 1.

Answer:

Give reasons:

Question 1.
God had chosen the simple peasant as the most deserving of the plate of gold.
Answer:
The simple peasant offered the blind beggar sincere sympathy and love, which came from the depth of his heart.
He had no hidden motive for what he did. Hence God chose him as the most deserving of the plate of gold.

Question 2.
‘But the peasant bowed and prayed to God What could he have prayed for?
Answer:
The peasant must have prayed for the well-being of all human beings, and asked God to help everyone to bear their troubles bravely

Question 3.
Make a list of archaic words from the extract and give their modem equivalents:
Answer:

Archaic words	Modem equivalents
thou	You
thy	Your
o’er	Over
thine	yours
lovest	loves

Question 4.
Pick out an example of Inversion from the extract.
Answer:
And took both palms in his, and softly said.
The correct prose order should be: And took both palms in his, and said softly

Analysis/Appreciation of the Poem
Answer:

• Poem and poet: The Plate of j Gold’ by James Henry Leigh Hunt.
• Theme: God loves those who love their fellow beings Service to mankind is service to God.
• Tone: A narrative, serious and moralistic.
• Structure and stanzas: No uniformity in stanzas or the length of lines.
• Rhyme and Rhythm: No rhyme scheme or rhythm; free verse.
• Language and Imagery: Archaic language; plenty of imagery, especially when describing the peasant and the beggar.
• Figures of Speech: Inversion, Repetition, Onomatopoeia, and Simile.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 2.4 Please Listen! Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.4 Please Listen!

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Chapter 2.4 Please Listen! Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

• What makes you laugh?
• What makes you angry?
• What makes you sad?
• What makes you happy?

Twenty Questions:

Form groups of 6-8. One person (leader) chooses one item – a picture, a paragraph or a lesson from any one of the 9th standard textbooks and writes the reference on a slip of paper and folds it. Others ask him/her questions and try to guess what it is, from his/her answers. Follow the rules given below.

• The maximum number of questions the rest of the group can ask is 20.
• You cannot ask a direct question like ‘What do you have in mind?’
• You can ask ‘Wh-’ questions or ‘Yes/no’ questions.
• The leader has to give truthful answers.

Agreements and Disagreements:

Form pairs. list the things on which you have the same opinion and also the ones on which you have different opinion Prepare a list of ten things In all and see how far you agree or disagree with your friend. Some useful phrases are given alongside.
You could talk about:

• Clothes, latest fashion.
• Performance of sportsmen and women.
• Trafflcfrransport In your area.
• Cleanliness and hygiene In your area.
• Future occupatIons/Careers.
• Latest news Items.
• TV programmes
• Mobile Apps
• Any subject of your choice.

Question 1.
Form pairs. List the things on which you have some opinion and also the ones on which you have different opinions. Prepare a list of ten things in all and see how far you agree or disagree with your friend. Use the phrases given in the margin of the textbook page no. 50:
Answer:
Performance of sportsmen and sportswomen

Points	Agreements	Disagreements
1. Family background	It’s important.	No, I don’t think so.
2. Basic skills	I totally agree with it.	No, some skills can be improved.
3. Interest	That’s very important.	I agree with you.
4. Coaching	I agree with it. It’s necessary.	Absolutely, it’s necessary.
5. Family support	I think for women it’s necessary.	No, I don’t think so, even men need family support.
6. Regular practice	Yes, it’s very important	Absolutely necessary.
7. Coach’s favour	No, I don’t think so,	I think it’s necessary sometimes.
8. Knowledge, tricks and tactics of game	absolutely necessary.	I totally agree with you.
9. Physical fitness	Yes, for women it’s more important.	No, I disagree with it, even for men it’s important.
10. Co-operation and co-ordination of co-players	Yes, without it one cannot show his/her performance.	I am not sure about it.

English Workshop:

1. Complete the following with the help of the lines of the poem.
When I ask you to listen to me, you start doing –
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………

Question 1.
Complete the following with the help of the lines of the poem.
Answer:

1. Abby and Billy Graham will get advice in the same newspaper.
2. I may be discouraged and faltering but not helpless according to the poet.
3. If you accept a simple fact that I feel what I feel, I can stop trying to convince you.
4. When you do something for me that I need to do for myself, you contribute to my fear and inadequacy.
5. The poet is aware that God is mute and he doesn’t give advice or try to fix things.
6. Irrational feelings make sense when we understand what is behind them.

2. Write the opposites (antonyms) of the following.

Question 1.
Write the opposites (antonyms) of the following.
(a) cheap × …………..
(b) discouraged × …………..
(c) inadequacy × …………..
(d) accept × …………..
(e) simple × …………..
(f) irrational × …………..
(g) understand × …………..
(h) clear × …………..
Answer:
(a) cheap × costly
(b) discouraged × encouraged
(c) inadequacy × adequacy
(d) accept × reject
(e) simple × hard
(f) irrational × rational
(g) understanding × misunderstanding
(h) clear × unclear

3. Use the following charts to prepare meaningful dialogues.
Use your ideas to fill in the blanks.

Question a.

Prepare a similar conversation about a film.
Answer:

Question b.

Answer:

4. Maintain a diary at least for a week. Write about your interactions with other people in your surroundings in 3-4 lines. Also write whether you find the interactions happy- unhappy, satisfactory-unsatisfactory, enjoyable-stressful, etc.

Question 1.
Maintain a diary at least for a week. Write about your interactions with other people in your surroundings in 3-4 lines. Also write whether you find the interactions happy- unhappy, satisfactory-unsatisfactory, enjoyable-stressful, etc.
Answer:
Diary For a week
Day one – Today I met our new neighbour. I was happy to know that their son is of my age and studying in Std. IX.
Now continue the same diary writing for the remaining days.

5. Write an informal letter from a teenager to his/her parent, expressing a few thoughts from the poem.
(My dear /Dearest /Hit Are you surprised to see this letter? I wanted talk to you about this, but then I thought I will be able to express myself better in a letter…. Love jYours lovingly/Yours ……… )

Question 1.
Write an informal letter from a teenager to his/her parent, expressing a few thoughts from the poem.
(My dear /Dearest /Hit Are you surprised to see this letter? I wanted talk to you about this, but then I thought I will be able to express myself better in a letter…. Love jYours lovingly/Yours …….. )
Answer:
A3, Gala Residency,
Prabhadevi,
Mumbai – 400 028.
22nd July, 2019
Dearest Papa,
Are you surprised to see this letter? I wanted to talk to you directly about this, but then I thought I will be able to express myself better in a letter.

I am still upset over our argument which took place yesterday. I was a little bit rude with you. But I just wanted you to listen to my concern. Instead of listening to me completely, you started advising me. That really hurt me a lot.

I always wish, that I should share my thoughts with someone. Sharing makes me happy and feel lighter. But whenever, I try to share something with you, you start advising me instead of listening to me. I hope you will try to understand my feelings.

Yours lovingly,
Sahil

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 2.4 Please Listen! Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following extract and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following web:
(Answer is directly given.)
Answer:

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. You do not do what I asked you to do. – True
2. Whenever you do not listen to me, I feel you are trampling on my feelings. – True
3. The speaker of this poem is an elderly man. – False
4. When I ask you to listen me, you start giving me advice. – True

Question 3.
State whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. If the feeling is clear, the answers are obvious. – Agree
2. Rational feelings make sense when we understand what’s behind them. – Disagree
3. God always gives advice or tries to fix things. – Disagree
4. Prayer works sometimes for some people because God is mute. – Agree

Complex Factual Activities:

Answer in 1-2 words:

Question 1.
How old is the speaker in the poem?
Answer:
around 14-15 years

Question 2.
Who is he/she talking to?
Answer:
his/her parent

Question 3.
What must have happened before the speaker says all this?
Answer:
His/Her parent might have not heard him/ her.

Question 4.
Who is not listening to whom?
Answer:
A parent is not listening to his child.

Question 5.
Match the following:

‘A’	‘B’
1. 20 cent cheap advice.	(a) not helpless.
2. You contribute to my fear and inadequacy.	(b) Abby and Billy Grahm.
3. The poet may be discouraged and faltering but…	(c) behind the irrational feeling.
4. Business of understanding	(d) when you do something for me that I can do for myself.

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. 20 cent cheap advice.	(b) Abby and Billy Grahm.
2. You contribute to my fear and inadequacy.	(d) when you do something for me that I can do for myself.
3. The poet may be discouraged and faltering but…	(a) not helpless.
4. Business of understanding	(c) behind the irrational feeling.

Question 6.
What does the poet say about God?
Answer:
The poet says God is mute. He doesn’t give advice or try to fix things. God just listens to your ) prayer and observes how do you work.

Question 7.
Is the poet willing to listen to others?
Answer:
Yes, the poet is willing to listen to others but he says if you want to listen to him, you should wait till your turn comes. Then only he will be able to listen to others.

Poetic Device Activity:

Question 1.
Write down rhyming words from the extract for the following:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. peel – feel
2. dream – seem

Question 2.
Find out rhyming word from the extract for “dear”
Answer:
dear – clear.

Activity-based on Poetic Device:

Question 1.
Are there any rhyming words? Why?
Answer:
There are no any rhyming words because the poem is an example of ‘free verse’.

Appreciation of Poem

1. Title: ‘Please Listen!’
2. Poet: The poem is by an anonymous (unknown) poet.
3. Theme/Central Idea: The central idea of the poem is the need of an adolescent to be heard patiently. The poem also reflects on our habit of giving advice or offering help without hearing out the problems of teenagers fully.
4. Rhyme Scheme: There is no rhyme scheme. This poem is an example of ‘free verse’.
5. Figure of Speech: Repetition, alliteration.
6. Special Features: This poem is a soliloquy. Soliloquy is a dramatic speech uttered by one character. The soliloquist thus reveals his or her inner thoughts and feelings to the listener.
7. Favourite Line: My favourite lines from the poem are:
1. “Listen! All I ask is that you listen.”
2. God just listens and lets you work it out for yourself.
8. Why I like the poem: I like the poem because I can personally relate to the poem. I have undergone the speaker’s plight many a time. So I can identify with the speaker’s feelings very easily.

Vocabulary Focus:

Question 1.
What is the difference between ‘hear’ and ‘listen’?
Answer:
‘To hear’ means to receive with the ear the sound made by someone or something; to be aware of some sound.
‘To listen’ means to consciously give one’s attention to a sound and try to understand it.
E.g. -1 was trying to listen to their conversation but the audio was so bad that I couldn’t even hear what they were saying.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 4.4 The Tempest Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 The Tempest

My English Coursebook Std 9 Guide Chapter 4.4 The Tempest Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!
Chit-chat

1. Do you have a pet? What do you call it?
2. How old is it? What does it look like?
3. What does it eat? Who takes care of it?
4. Does it understand you? What does it do?
5. Have you taught it any tricks?
6. Do you refer to it as ‘it’ or as ‘he’/ ‘she’?

1. You must have seen and liked a play (in any language) on the stage. Write down the following details about it:

Question 1.
You must have seen and liked a play (in any language) on the stage. Write down the following details about it: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
(a) Name of the play: “All the best” – By Devendra Pem.
(b) Important Characters: A blind, A dumb, A deaf, and A girl.
(c) Its main theme: All the three best friends like the same girl and do not want her to know of their disabilities. They try to outdo each other to win her affection.
(d) Whether it was a Comedy/Tragedy/Social Theme or any other: It was a total comedy.
(e) Why you liked it: The play is a humorous take on three friends and the situation that arises when they fall in love with the same girl. It is presented in such a lively manner that one can’t stop laughing while watching it. So I liked it very much.
(f) Message of the play: A modern perspective towards love, especially the hardships in the love of physically challenged.
(g) Any other information about the play: The roles played by all characters are amazing and we never feel bored while watching it. Their ploy and plans to woo and win the girl are source of wit in the play.

2. The following are the different steps in a drama/play. They are in a mixed up order. Rearrange them in ‘a’ proper order. Just write the order numbers in brackets:

Question 1.
The following are the different steps in a drama/play. They are in a mixed up order. Rearrange them in ‘a’ proper order. Just write the order numbers in brackets:
Answer:
(a) Characters Enter (2)
(b) Climax (6)
(c) Curtain opens (1)
(d) Action begins (3)
(e) Scene of the play (5)
(f) Curtain closes (8)
(g) Finale (Final outcome) (7)
(h) Interaction of characters (4)

3. William Shakespeare was one of the greatest playwrights of all times. He lived in the 16th century. Many of Shakespearean plays have been written in the short-story form. Find out the names of at least 5 of Shakespearean plays:

Question 1.
William Shakespeare was one of the greatest playwrights of all times. He lived in the 16th century. Many of Shakespearean plays have been written in the short-story form. Find out the names of at least 5 of Shakespearean plays: Example: Romeo and Juliet.
Answer:

1. As you like it
2. Hamlet
3. Othello
4. Twelfth Night
5. The Taming of the Shrew.

English Workshop:

1. Write down the relation between the characters given below:

Question 1.
Write down the relation between the characters given below:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
(a) Prospero and Miranda – Father and daughter
(b) Prospero and Antonio – Brothers
(c) Gonzalo and Prospero – Lord and Duke
(d) Sycorax and Caliban – mother and son
(e) Alonso and Sebastian – brothers
(f) Alonso and Ferdinand – father and son

2. Find two supporting points from the story to prove the following facts:

Question 1.
Antonio was a disloyal and dangerous man.
(a) …………………………………………………………..
(b) …………………………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) He wanted to become Duke of Milan in his brother’s place.
(b) Antonio wouldn’t have hesitated to kill his brother Prospero.

Question 2.
Gonzalo was loyal to the rightful Duke.
(a) …………………………………………………………..
(b) …………………………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Among Prospero’s courtiers was a true and loyal Lord called Gonzalo.
(b) Out of love and loyalty for the rightful duke he had secretly placed in the boat fresh water, food and clothes, and along with them, Prospero’s most valued possessions, his books.

Question 3.
Prospero was a great magician.
(a) …………………………………………………………..
(b) …………………………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Prospero was a great magician for his life had been devoted to the study of magic.
(b) The power of his art enabled him to set free “the imprisoned spirits of whom Ariel was the chief’.

Question 4.
Miranda was very kind-hearted.
(a) …………………………………………………………..
(b) …………………………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Miranda, a kind-hearted girl begged her father to have pity on the people caught in the storm.
(b) Please, please quell the storm now! Save the poor souls on board!

Question 5.
Ariel was very faithful to Prospero.
(a) …………………………………………………………..
(b) …………………………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Ariel appeared before Prospero to give an account of the storm.
(b) He gave lively story of the fears of the sailors, the anxiety of the lords and how Prince Ferdinand had leaped into the sea.

Question 6.
The story ‘The Tempest’ has a happy ending.
(a) …………………………………………………………..
(b) …………………………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Prospero was happy and pleased to be I back in Milan and forgave his old enemies who had wronged him cruelly.
(b) Even though they had been at mercy, he did not take revenge on them, but very nobly forgave them.

3. Who said to whom and when?

Question 1.
Who said to whom and when?

1. ………. and you shall be my Queen.
2. “Follow me, I shall tie you up, neck and feet together.”
3. …………… “Please, please quell the storm now!”
4. “Remember, Master, I have served you joyfully all these years!”
5. “I have been duly punished for my sins.”
6. “What I have done now is in your interest!”
7. Most sure, she is the goddess of the island!

Answer:

1. Ferdinand said to Miranda when he fell in love with Miranda.
2. Ferdinand said to himself when he saw Miranda on the isolated island for the first time.
3. Miranda said to her father when she saw the ship struggling on the wild waves.
4. Ariel said to Prospero when Prospero told Ariel to bring Ferdinand at once.
5. Alonso said to Prospero, when he realized that he had lost his son.
6. Prospero told his daughter when she requested him to quell the storm.
7. Prospero said to Ferdinand when he pretended to be angry.

4. Match the paragraphs in Column A with their suitable title in Column B: (Only the first and last words of the paragraph are given in Column A to identify it.)

Question 1.
Match the paragraphs in Column A with their suitable title in Column B: (Only the first and last words of the paragraph are given in Column A to identify it.)

Answer:

1. Now Antonio was treacherous man … its wealth and power. – Prospero Loses his Dukedom.
2. In the woods nearby, Prospero … his tasks properly. – Caliban Serves Prospero
3. Knowing that his enemies were near … all people on board. – Prospero Creates a Storm
4. Having narrated this story, Prospero … down with the ship. – Ariel Reports about the Storm
5. Many more tricks did Ariel play … touched the food. – Ariel is a Mischievous Spirit
6. Thus after many years … very nobly forgave them! – Milan Welcomes Prospero’s Return

5. Activity: Live English: Tourism

Location: Sindhudurg fort is located on the southernmost edge of the Maharashtra coast.
History: A sea fort, built by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
Languages: Marathi, Hindi, English
Best time to visit: Winter
Where to stay: MTDC Holiday Resort: The resort at Tarkarli has 10 cottages with 20 sea-facing double bedrooms and one house boat.
What to see: Temples of Maruti, Bhavani, Chhatrapati Shivaji
How to get there:
By Air: The nearest international airport is Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai.
By Rail: The nearest railhead is Sindhudurg on the Konkan Railway. Kankawali and Kudal are the other important railway stations nearby.
By Road: Mumbai-Tarkarli: 540 km.
Sites nearby: Sawantwadi, Malwan City, Tarkarli Beach. Redi Ganesh Temple, Vijaydurg, Kunkeshwar Temple, Amboli.

Location: Located on the outskirts of Chandrapur district, Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve is Maharashtra’s oldest and largest national park.
Languages: Marathi, Hindi, English, Tribal
The best season to visit: 15th October to 15th June. Hot summers are the ideal time to view mammals near water sources.
Where to stay: MTDC Jungle Resort (Mohrali) offers self-contained rooms, ideal for families. The rooms are comfortable, and offer a fine lake view.
How to get there:
By Air: The nearest international airport is Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai.
By Rail: The nearest railhead is Sindhudurg on the Konkan Railway. Kankawali and Kudal are the other important railway stations nearby.
By Road: Chandrapur-Tadoba 45km. State transport buses ply from Chandrapur to Tadoba.
Attractions: Tiger, Panther, Bison, Sloth Bear, Hyena, Jackal, Wild Dog, Sambar, Leopard and Barking Deer.
Sights nearby: Bhadrawati, Markanda, Bhamragarh, Anandwan

Chit – Chat

1. Do you like to travel?
2. How do you like to travel?
3. Which is the nearest place to which you have travelled?
4. Which is the farthest?
5. Have you ever travelled by ………….. ?
6. What do you like to carry with you when you travel?
7. What souvenirs do you like to bring back from your travels?

1. Observe the tourist leaflets given on page no. 114 of the textbook and answer the questions:

Question (a)
Which place do these leaflets describe?
Answer:
These leaflets describe ‘Sindhudurg’ and ‘Tadoba National Park’.

Question (b)
What are the main points given in each leaflet?
Answer:
The main points given in each leaflet are –

1. Location
2. History
3. Languages
4. Best time to visit
5. Where to stay?
6. What to see?
7. How to go there? (by air, by rail, by road)
8. Sites nearby.

Question (c)
How can one reach Tadoba? why?
Answer:
One can reach Tadoba by taking a plane to Nagpur. One can also reach Tadoba by going to Chandrapur in a train and then taking a bus for the 45 km journey to Tadoba National Park.

Question (d)
Which is the best season to visit Tadoba? Why?
Answer:
The best season to visit Tadoba is hot summers, from 15th October to 15th June, to view mammals near water resources.

Question (e)
List the words related to tourism, e.g. tourist, reservation, etc.
Answer:
Tourism-related words are –

1. tourist
2. booking
3. travel
4. ticket
5. flight
6. train
7. buses
8. forts
9. trek.
10. resort
11. mountains
12. hill stations
13. history
14. MTDC
15. ST

2. Prepare a tourist leaflet for a historical place or a hill station using the following points:

Question 1.
Prepare a tourist leaflet for a historical place or a hill station using the following points:

1. Place
2. Special features
3. Distance
4. How to go there
5. Accommodation
6. Food
7. Climate

Answer:
1. Place: Hill Station: Mahabaleshwar

2. Special features: The jungles of Mahabaleshwar are known for their density and a stunning array of birds and wildlife located in Western ghats at the elevation of approximately 353 metres. It offers appealing view of evergreen valleys and hills of the Konkan and the Deccan coast. The climate is cool and pleasant suitable for cultivation of strawberries.

3. Distance: Mumbai – Mahabaleshwar – 262 kms

• Pune – Mahabaleshwar – 125 kms
• Satara – Mahabaleshwar – 62 kms
• Mahad – Mahabaleshwar – 32 kms

4. How to go there:

• By Air: Pune airport lies 120 km from the place is the nearest airport.
• By Rail: Satara is the nearest railway station, about 62 km.
• By Road: Many ST buses run from Mumbai and Pune. Private buses and taxis are also available.

5. Accommodation: Mahabaleshwar has no dearth of accommodation options. There are many hotels ranging from deluxe to budget. Other options include tourist lodges, guest houses, private bungalows and MTDC Resort.

6. Food:

• Maharashtrian and any type of Indian and continental foods are available.
• Mahabaleshwar is famous for strawberry ice cream, milk shake, jam, jelly, etc.

7. Climate :

• Throughout the year the climate is mild and pleasing.
• It receives incessant showers from July to September when temperature ranges between 20 to 25 degree.

3. If you want to become a tourist guide at the following place, which languages will you need to learn?

Question 1.
If you want to become a tourist guide at the following place, which languages will you need to learn?

1. Ajanta
2. Belgavi
3. Delhi
4. Tarkarli

Answer:

1. Ajanta: Marathi, Hindi, English
2. Belgavi: Kannada, English
3. Delhi: Hindi, English
4. Tarkarli: Marathi, English, Hindi

4. Imagine you are a tourist guide at (1) Sindhudurg (2) Tadoba. Write two sentences each about the following points to help foreign tourists:

Question 1.
Imagine you are a tourist guide at
1. Sindhudurg
2. Tadoba.
Write two sentences each about the following points to help foreign tourists:
(a) About the place: History, languages spoken, special attractions.
(b) Food: speciality, local delicacies, options (Indian, continental)
(c) Shopping: authenticity of local artefacts, price, variety.
Answer:
1. Sindhudurg:
(a) About the place: The place is located in Sindhudurg district just off the coast of Maharashtra in Western India. The fortress lies on the shore of Malvan town of Sindhudurg district in Konkan region. It was built by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. It is believed that Shivaji personally selected the site for the construction of the fort. The languages spoken here are Marathi, Malvani, Hindi and English.

(b) Food: The place is famous for its sea food, kombdi vade and the local Malvani cuisine. It is also popular for Alphonso mangoes.

(c) Shopping: Local delicacies made by the people out of mangoes, jackfruits, kokam and cashewnuts can be bought from the city. Mangoes of good quality and taste are also available here.

2. Tadoba:

(a) About the place: Tadoba Andhari Reserve is the largest National Park in Maharashtra. It is a tiger reserve in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra. It was created in 1955. Marathi, Hindi, and some tribal languages are spoken here.
(b) Food: The local cuisine is the Vidarbha cuisine. Veg. and non veg. hotels and restaurants nearby area also provide Indian and continental food as well.
(c) Shopping: The Tiger Reserve souvenirs can be brought at reasonable rates from the shops around the reserve.

5. Prepare an attractive tourist leaflet for your native place, in English as well as in your mother tongue:

Question 1.
Prepare an attractive tourist leaflet for your native place, in English as well as in your mother tongue: [Note : The tourist leaflet of Kolhapur is given below, as an example. Students are expected to prepare leaflet of their own native place.]
Answer:
Kolhapur

1. Location: Kolhapur is an inland city located in South-west Maharashtra state, 228 km south of Pune. It is a historic city of Maharashtra, famous for temple of a Hindu Goddess – Mahalakshmi.

2. History: Kolhapur was established by Tarabai in 1707 during succession dispute over the Maratha Kingship. The state was annexed by the British in the 19th century. It was ruled by Bhosale Royal clan of the Maratha Empire.

3. Languages: Marathi, Kannada, Hindi, English.

4. Best time to visit: Summers here are very hot, hence the months between June and February are the best time to visit.

5. Accommodation: 2 star and 3 star hotels, private bungalows and MTDC Resorts. Tourists can choose from a wide range of hotels based on their budget and preferences.

6. How to go there:

• By Air: Belgaum is the nearest airport from Kolhapur, which is connected through airlines from Mumbai.
• By Rail: Kolhapur is connected by a good rail network to other cities like Mumbai, Bengaluru, Pune and Tirupati.
• By Road: It is 450 km from Mumbai. One can get direct buses (ST and Private) to Kolhapur from Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru, Belgaum, Mangaluru and Hubli.

7. Attractions: The city has multiple options that can be explored. Mahalaxmi Temple, Rankala Lake. Panhala fort, Jyotiba Temple, Siddagiri Museum, Shahuji Maharaj Museum/palace, Kopeshwar Temple are some of the attractions in city. Kolhapur is famous for special mutton dishes especially Pandhara and Tambda Rassa, Kolhapuri Bhel and Misal.

6. Suppose a foreigner comes to visit your place and you have to accompany him for sight seeing. Prepare a dialogue between you and the foreigner:

Question 1.
Suppose a foreigner comes to visit your place and you have to accompany him for sight seeing. Prepare a dialogue between you and the foreigner:
Answer:

• Myself: So, you are here to visit our city. Would you like to accompany me for sight seeing?
• Foreigner: Being native of this city, I think you would be of great help to me. So from where shall we start?
• Myself: Better we start from the place out of the city, Verul caves, which is the main attraction of the tourists.
• Foreigner: How much time will it take? Can we see another place also along with it?
• Myself: It takes around 4-5 hours to see all the caves in detail. We can also visit Grishneshwar Jyotirling Temple nearby. It is believed to be an ancient temple of Hindus.
• Foreigner: Oh that’s great! So after lunch better we come back in the city.
• Myself: Yes, in city too in evening you can visit Bibi ka Maqbura, a replica of Taj Mahal and Pawan Chakki (wind mill).
• Foreigner: Very nice. We will go there in the evening. So what is left for tomorrow?
• Myself: Tomorrow we can go to Ajanta Caves. It takes a whole day for travelling and viewing it.
• Foreigner: I have heard about an ancient fort also.
• Myself: Yes, you are right. But it’s not possible to see at a time. We can go there day after tomorrow.
• Foreigner: That’s great idea. You have been a great help for me. Thanks a lot, dear.
• Myself: You are welcome!

7. Using the Internet, find the following information about a place you wish to visit using the following points:

Question 1.
Using the Internet, find the following information about a place you wish to visit using the following points:

1. Distance from your place
2. Available modes of transport
3. Accommodation facilities
4. Historical facts
5. Climate
6. Famous sites.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 4.4 The Tempest Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are True or False: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Prospero was the duke of Milan, in the kingdom of Naples. – True
2. Prospero’s brother Gonzalo was a very treacherous man. – False
3. Books were Prospero’s most valued possessions. – True
4. The king Antonio landed safely on an enchanted island. – False

Question 2.
Who were all sailing in the ship, close to the enchanted island ?
Answer:
The King of Naples – Alonso, his brother – Sebastian, Antonio, Prince Ferdinand of Naples, and the old, loyal courtier Gonzalo.

Question 3.
Who am I? (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. I am a great magician. – Prospero
2. I am the chief of the imprisoned spirits. – Ariel
3. I am the twisted, ugly monster. – Caliban
4. I am the king of Naples. – Alonso

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences:
Answer:

1. Prospero led his daughter to the shore of the island.
2. Miranda begged her father to have pity on the people caught in the storm.
3. Prospero explained to his daughter that he had caused the tempest in order to bring his enemies Alonso and Sebastian, within his power.
4. Ariel gave a lively account of the fears of the sailors, the anxiety of the lords and how Prince Ferdinand had leaped into the sea.

Question 5.
Arrange the following sentences in chronological order:
Answer:

1. Prospero narrated the story of their past life to his daughter.
2. Prospero raised a great tempest with his power of magic.
3. He wanted to show how the ship was struggling on the wild waves due to his magic.
4. Being kind-hearted, Miranda requested her father to have pity on the people caught in the storm. Answer:
5. Prospero raised a great tempest with his power of magic.
6. He wanted to show how the ship was struggling on the wild waves due to his magic.
7. Being kind-hearted, Miranda requested her father to have pity on the people caught in the storm.
8. Prospero narrated the story of their past life to his daughter.

Question 6.
State whether you Agree or Disagree with the following statements: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Miranda had never ever seen any human being except her father. – Agree
2. Prospero was not happy when his daughter saw Ferdinand. – Disagree
3. Miranda was the goddess of the island. – Disagree
4. Ariel was very faithful to Prospero. – Agree

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks with one word:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Prospero took the prince to a cave.
2. Ferdinand wanted to be the king of Naples.
3. Many more tricks were played on Prospero’s enemies by Ariel.
4. Antonio wanted to kill king Alonso.

Question 8.
State whether the following statements are Right or Wrong:
Answer:

1. People in Milan welcomed Prospero with great love and joy. – Right
2. Prospero nobly forgave his old enemies. – Right
3. Ferdinand and Miranda got married on the enchanted island. – Wrong
4. Ariel was as free as air at the end. – Right

Question 9.
Complete the following sentences with the help of the passage: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Prospero decided to give up the practice of magic.
2. Ariel promised everyone calm seas and favourable winds while sailing.
3. Alonso was happy to see his lost son.
4. Prospero assured Alonso that their ship was safely anchored and each and every sailor was safe on board.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What evil deed did Antonio do, to become a Duke himself ?
Answer:
Antonio conspired with the king of Naples, Alonso to take his brother’s Dukedom. They took Prospero and his baby daughter Miranda far away from land. They left them in a broken, old boat and sailed away.

Question 2.
What had the faithful Lord Gonzalo done to help Prospero?
Answer:
Out of his love and loyalty for the rightful duke, Prospero, Gonzalo had secretly placed fresh water, food and clothes and most valued possessions, his books in the boat to help Prospero.

Question 3.
Complete the difference between Prospero and Antonio:
Answer:

Prospero	Antonio
1. Prospero was a Studious and learned scholar.	1. Antonio was a treacherous man.
2. He spent most of his time reading books.	2. He managed the business of rullmg the kingdom and wanted to become Duke of Milan in his brother’s place.

Question 4.
What good deed did Prospero do on the enchanted island?
Answer:
The enchanted island was under the spell of Sycorax, a dead witch. Prospero, set free all the imprisoned good spirits on that island and compelled them to follow his orders. Being a good magician, he could do it so all the spirits were grateful and obedient to him.

Question 5.
What did Prospero do when he saw Alonso, Sebastian and Antonio sailing in a ship close to enchanted island?
Answer:
When Prospero came to know that Alonso, Sebastian and Antonio were sailing in a ship close to enchanted island, he raised a great tempest with the power of his magic. The royal ship was turned and tossed on the stormy waves. It seemed as if it would sink any moment, along with all the people on board.

Question 6.
For what two reasons did Prospero raise a great tempest?
Answer:
1. Prospero raised a great tempest in his daughter’s interest.
2. He also wanted to bring his enemies, Alonso and Antonio within his power. So he raised a great tempest.

Question 7.
How did Ferdinand get separated from his father?
Answer:
When the ship was struggling in the waves, Ferdinand had jumped into the sea. So everyone on the ship thought that he was dead. But actually he got separated from his father and was left alone on a beach.

Question 8.
Who said to whom and when:
1. “Obey my commands now, and in two days I shall set you free!”
2. “All your troubles were merely trials of your love”.
Answer:
1. Prospero said to Ariel when Ariel reminded him of his promise.
2. Prospero said to Ferdinand when he was sure that Ferdinand loves his daughter.

Question 9.
How did Ferdinand and Miranda react on seeing each other?
Answer:
Miranda had never seen any other human being in her life beside her father so when she saw Ferdinand she was thrilled and thought that he was divine and noble. On the other hand Ferdinand was astonished to see a beautiful girl on an isolated island. Basically both of them gazed at each other in wonder, admiration and love.

Question 10.
What gave Prospero a secret pleasure?
Answer:
When Ferdinand was brought there, he and Miranda looked at each other in wonder, admiration and love. Actually Prospero brought him there for his daughter. So seeing his daughter get attracted to Ferdinand, Prospero was pleased.

Question 11.
How did Ariel save king Alonso’s life?
Answer:
Antonio and Sebastian had plotted to murder of king Alonso. Ariel saved his life by waking up the king from his sleep in the nick of time.

Question 12.
What tricks did Ariel play on Prospero’s enemies?
Answer:

1. He caused them to wander about.
2. He filled their ears with strange and frightful noises.
3. When they were faint with hunger, he set a huge banquet before them, only to take it away when they touched the food.

Question 13.
What surprise awaited king Alonso when Prospero drew back the curtain?
Answer:
When Prospero drew back the cmtain from the entrance of his cave, King Alonso saw Ferdinand, his lost son happily playing a game of chess with Miranda. That was a pleasant surprise for the king Alonso.

Find two supporting points from the story to prove the following fact:

Question 1.
King Alonso felt ashamed for his deed.
Answer:
(a) The king and other courtiers were ashamed.
(b) They begged Prospero’s forgiveness.

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Find out adjectives used to describe the following nouns: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. enchanted island
2. evil witch
3. broken boat
4. freshwater.

Question 2.
Choose the correct alternative given for the synonym of the words given below:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. studious: bookish
(a) outstanding
(b) concerned
(c) bookish
(d) clever.

2. treacherous: unreliable
(a) foolish
(b) tricky
(c) unreliable
(d) favourite.

3. witch: an ugly evil
(a) spirit
(b) an ugly evil
(c) ghost
(d) magician.

4. rightful: lawful
(a) lawful
(b) expert
(c) faithful
(d) true.

Question 3.
Find out antonyms for the following from the passage: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. disillusioned × enchanted
2. kindhearted × vicious
3. thankless × grateful
4. sympathetic × brutal

Question 4.
Give one word from the passage for the following description :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. A minor nature goddess usually depicted as a beautiful maiden – sea nymph
2. Linear unit of measurement for water depth – fathom
3. Causing fear or terror – dreadful
4. a relative permanent state of worry and nervousness – anxiety

Question 5.
Make a word register related with “sea”.
Answer:
A word register related with “sea” – shore, island, ship, waves, storm, sailors, fathom, sea- nymphs.

Question 6.
Complete the following table by writing related words to the given mood:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Happy mood	Surprise mood
1. joyfully	astonished
2. thrilled	wonder

Question 7.
Write down minimum four infinitives from the passage:
Answer:
to defend, to capture, to go, to see, to stand obey, remember, follow.

Question 8.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meanings in Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. treacherous	(a) a grand dinner party
2. revealed	(b) very valuable
3. banquet	(c) showed
4. priceless	(d) deceitful

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. treacherous	(d) deceitful
2. revealed	(c) showed
3. banquet	(a) a grand dinner party
4. priceless	(b) very valuable

Question 9.
Find out two words from the passage with suffix ‘ness’ and write your own two words with suffix ‘ness’.
Answer:
Words from the passage:
1. wickedness
2. kindness.
My own words:
1. happiness
2. sadness.

Question 10.
Complete the following table:
Answer:

Present Tense	Past Tense	Past Participle
give	gave	given
see	saw	seen
assure	assured	assured
forgive	forgave	forgiven

Question 11.
Pick the odd man out:
Answer:

1. heir, cave, ship, old, wind – old
2. take, wander, safe, punish, hear – safe
3. happy, thrilling, calm, revenge, favourable – revenge
4. nobly, safely, happily, marry, duly – marry

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Question 1.
Add a question tag:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Prospero was the Duke of Milan, wasn’t he?
2. Antonio would not have hesitated to kill Prospero, would he?
3. You can imagine the hardships faced by Prospero, can’t you?
4. The spirits remained trapped in their prisons, didn’t they?

Make the following sentences exclamatory:

Question 1.
Antonio was a treacherous man.
Answer:
What a treacherous man Antonio was!

Question 2.
Gonzalo was a true and loyal courtier.
Answer:
What a true and loyal courtier Gonzalo was!

Question 3.
Identify the tense:

1. The ship was carrying Prince Ferdinand of Naples.
2. He had devoted his life to the study of magic.
3. They promised to be ever obedient to his will.

Answer:

1. Past Continuous Tense
2. Past Perfect Tense
3. Simple Past Tense.

Question 4.
Begin the sentence with the underlined word/words:
1. Prospero raised a great tempest with the power of his magic.
2. In the woods nearby, Prospero found Caliban, a twisted, ugly monster.
Answer:
1. A great tempest was raised with the power of his magic by Prospero.
2. Caliban, a twisted, ugly monster was found by Prospero in the woods nearby.

Use ‘As soon as’ in the following sentences:

Question 1.
Prospero touched Miranda with his magic stick and she fell fast asleep.
Answer:
As soon as Prospero touched Miranda with his magic stick, she fell fast asleep.

Question 2.
As the tempest raged, Prospero led his daughter to the shore of the island.
Answer:
As soon as the tempest raged, Prospero led his daughter to the shore of the island.

Question 3.
Rewrite the following sentences as per the instructions:
1. Prospero waved his magic stick.
(Rewrite the sentence in past continuous tense.)
2. Ariel informed Prospero that the ship, was safely anchored in one corner of the island.
(Rewrite the sentence in past perfect tense.)
Answer:
1. Prospero was waving his magic stick.
2. Ariel had informed Prospero that the ship was safely anchored in one corner of the island.

Question 4.
Rewrite the following sentences in polite request in form of question:
1. Obey my commands now!
2. Bring Ferdinand here at once.
Answer:
1. Will you please obey my commands now?
2. Can you please bring Ferdinand here at once?

Question 5.
Prospero said to Ferdinand, “All your troubles were merely trials of your love and you have nobly stood the test. Now, I give you my daughter, a priceless gift.”
(Rewrite the sentence in indirect narration.)
Answer:
1. Prospero told Ferdinand that all his troubles were merely trials of his love and he had nobly I stood the test. He further added that he gave him (Ferdinand), his daughter, a priceless gift.

Question 6.
Begin the sentences with the underlined object and rewrite it:
1. Ariel brought them before Prospero.
2. He thanked Gonzalo for his kindness.
Answer:
1. They were brought before Prospero by Ariel.
2. Gonzalo was thanked for his kindness by him.

Question 7.
Make them assertive:
1. How happy Alonso was to see his lost son!
2. How thrilled Alonso was to hear that Ferdinand was to marry the duke of Milan’s beautiful daughter.
Answer:
1. Alonso was very happy to see his lost son.
2. Alonso was very much thrilled to hear that Ferdinand was to marry the duke of Milan’s beautiful daughter.

Question 8.
Use ‘not only … but also’ :
1. Prospero was happy and pleased to be back in Milan.
2. Ariel promised them calm seas and favourable winds in their journey.
Answer:
1. Prospero was not only happy but also pleased to be back in Milan.
2. Ariel promised them not only calm seas but also favourable winds in their journey.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

1. o_der
2. gre_t
3. ne_er
4. ma _ ic

Answer:

1. order
2. great
3. never
4. magic

Question 2.
Copy the following sentences correctly in your notebook:
Answer:
1. Prospero was the Duke of Milan in the kingdom of Naples.
2. “Obey my commands now,” Prospero said to him.

Question 3.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. earthen, natural, different, leisure
2. renowned, rectangles, residing, recording
Answer:
1. different, earthen, leisure, natural.
2. recording, rectangles, renowned, residing.

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. every child is an artist the problem is how to remain an artist once we grow up said Picasso
2. oh i didn’t see you come in said the teacher to ritesh
Answer:
1. “Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once we grow up?” said Picasso.
2. “Oh, I didn’t see you come in !” said the teacher to Ritesh.

Question 5.
Write four small words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the given word:
“treacherous”
Answer:

1. teach
2. reach
3. each
4. hero.

Question 6.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentence:
1. Raza win many national and international awards.
2. Gond art have spread mainly in Central India.
Answer:
1. Raza won many national and international awards.
2. Gond art has spread mainly in Central India.

Question 7.
Write related words as shown in the example: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 8.
Complete the following word-chain of nouns. Write four words each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:
wealth → …………….. → ………………. → …………….. → ……………..
Answer:
wealth → humour → reaction → nectar → rainbow.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Make your own meaningful sentence by using the phrase ‘to look after’:
Answer:
It is our duty to look after our parents in their old age.

Question 2.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new
words and use any one of the root words in your own sentence:
1. regular
2. wicked.
Answer:
1. regular – irregular
2. wicked – wickedness.
Sentence: The wicked man was about to kill his own friend.

Question 3.
Add a clause to expand the sentence meaningfully:
She did not know ………………..
Answer:
She did not know how she would be able to come to the decision.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What will you do if you are left alone on an isolated island by your friends?
Answer:
If I am left alone on an isolated island by my friends, first I will try to track the location with my mobile. Then I will send it to my parents and other faithful friends. If they get that location, they will definitely reach where I am and I would come out of that isolated island.

Question 2.
Why did Prospero raise a great tempest?
Answer:
Prospero was a great magician and staying on the enchanted island. When he saw a ship carrying his enemies near his island, he wanted to show them his power of magic without doing them any harm so that they would not come nearby his island again.

Question 3.
If you were given the power of magic for one day, what would you do? How would you use the power of magic?
Answer:
If I were given the power of magic for one day, I would do something for the society and for the nation. First, I would try to eradicate poverty from the society, I would give employment opportunities to each and every individual to raise the national income and to make my country developed.

Question 4.
Do you think the power of magic can make you successful? Why?
Answer:
I don’t believe in magic. As we are living in the 21st century, I believe to be at right place at right time. Luck, timing and magic, none of them will make you successful unless you work hard continuously. So I believe in hard work not in magic.

Question 5.
“Ariel was a faithful spirit” – why do you think so?
Answer:
Ariel was the chief of imprisoned good spirits. Prospero promised him that he would set him free with his power of magic. He was serving Prospero and helping him faithfully in every need of an hour to set himself free.

Question 6.
What could be the reason for Prospero to give up the practice of magic?
Answer:
After using the power of his magic at an enchanted island he was back to his own kingdom, Milan. He wanted a new beginning, he wanted to rule his kingdom with human values and virtues rather than magical spells. So he might have given up the practice of magic.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 2.3 Mark Twain Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.3 Mark Twain

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Chapter 2.3 Mark Twain Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

• Who is your favourite comedian?
• What do you like better – to listen to a joke, or to tell a joke?
• Do you like cartoons and cartoon films?
• Which one do you like best?

Quick Thinkers:

Within one minute, write as many meaningful phrases as possible using the numbers given below. Do not repeat the ideas.

Question 1.
Within one minute, write as many meaningful phrases as possible using the numbers given below. Do not repeat the ideas.

Answer:

• One – one boy
• Two – two girls
• Three – three facebook accounts
• Four – four complaints
• Five – five gardens
• Six – six policemen
• Seven – seven roads
• Forty – forty feet
• A hundred – a hundred messages

Try to imagine a situation context where all the above items fit in. Describe it in 8 – 10 lines.
Think of a title for your passage.

Question 1.
Try to imagine a situation context where all the above items fit in. Describe it in 8 – 10 lines. Think of a title for your passage.
Answer:
Tit for tat
There was a boy in one city. He was studying in standard nine. He opened three fake Facebook accounts and started sending indecent messages to two girls from his class. The girls complained to their teacher four times but he continued sending ‘the same kinds of messages.

At last, the girls’ parents complained to Five gardens police station. Six policemen from the police station came to his school and took the boy to a remand home where seven roads meet. Now the boy is in a forty feet room and taking his punishment for sending hundreds of – indecent messages to the innocent girls.

Try to draw a map incorporating your phrases in a meaningful way. (Two examples are given below.) Write a key/index for your map.

Question 1.
Try to draw a map incorporating your phrases in a meaningful way. (Two examples are given below.) Write a key/index for your map.
Answer:

English Workshop:

1. Answer the following questions:

Question a.
Did Twain tell the barber who he was?
Answer:
Twain did not tell the barber who he was because he didn’t want to disclose his identity. But he told him that it was his first visit to that town.

Question b.
Was Twain particular about how he dressed when he was visiting friends?
Answer:
Yes, Twain was particular about his dress because when Mrs. Stowe saw him without any collar and tie she was surprised. She disapproved his dressing, it shows that he was always in formal, particular dress.

Question c.
Was Twain particular about what words he used?
Answer:
Yes, Twain was very much particular about what words he used.

Question d.
Do you think Twain approved of spelling reforms? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Twain proposed a different plan for the improvement of English spellings. He wanted to convey that further changes and reformation in English spellings would be harmful for the language. So I think he did not approve of spelling reforms.

Question e.
How did Twain explain the spider in the paper? What did he want to highlight?
Answer:
Twain explained that the spider was on the paper to see which merchant was not advertising, so that he could go to that store; spin his web across the door and lead a life of undisturbed peace afterwards. He wanted to highlight that there was no logical reason behind superstitions as the spider just happened to be there on the newspaper by chance. He also wanted to highlight that we should not believe in superstitions.

2. Read the following and write the two meanings of ‘mind’ and ‘matter’ :
‘Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don’t mind, it doesn’t matter.’

Question 1.
Read the following and write the two meanings of ‘mind’ and ‘matter’.
Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don’t mind, it doesn’t matter.
Answer:
Here mind and matter both are used as a nouns first and then they are used as verbs.

3. Enact any one anecdote in the classroom.

Question 1.
Enact any one anecdote in the classroom.

4. Translate any five of the quotations you like.

Question 1.
Translate any five of the quotations you like.

5. Form groups of four to six.
Discuss whether and how you can improve English spelling.

Question 1.
Discuss whether and how you can improve English spelling.

6. Arrange a ‘Jokes’ session in the classroom where each student tells a joke. The jokes must be told in English.

Question 1.
Arrange a ‘Jokes’ session in the classroom where each student tells a joke. The jokes must be told in English.

Language Study:

7. Many actions involve two people/things – one that performs the action and one that is affected by the action. Example: Sonali ate the mango.
Here, the action of eating involves Sonali (who eats) and the mango (which gets eaten).
Sonali is the subject and ‘mango’ is the object of the verb ‘eat’. When you want to talk about who performed the action, the doer of the action is the subject.
Sometimes, you want focus on the object – the thing affected by the action. Then you make it the subject of that sentence. Example: The mango was eaten.
You may or may not mention the doer – here, Sonali or the person who ate it.
This is passive construction or passive voice. In this type of construction, the thing affected by the verb is the subject of the sentence, the verb is in the passive form (be + past participle), and the ‘doer’ of the action may or may not be mentioned.
In the following examples of passive voice, the ‘doer’ of action is not mentioned.
Examples :

• The plants are pruned.
• A cup of tea is offered to any guest …
• Many anecdotes related to Mark Twain are told …

If we wish to mention the ‘doer’ in passive sentences, we mention it by adding ‘by’
before it. Examples :
This pen was given to me by my Aunt.
Note that only transitive verbs can be used in the passive voice.

8. Refer to the Language Study pages and read the entries ‘irony’ and ‘pun’. Find one example of each from the passage or the quotations.

Question 1.
Find the examples of ‘irony’ and ‘pun’ from the lesson or the quotations.
Answer:
irony – use of words to imply the opposite of what they mean.
Examples:

1. A writer is working on his manuscript; and it’s a comedy.
2. ‘classic’ – A book which people praise and don’t read.

pun – a play on words based on their different meanings, for a humorous effect.
Examples:

1. A bicycle can’t stand on its own because it is two-tired.
2. Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don’t mind, it doesn’t matter.

(2 examples of irony and pun are given here. Students are expected to find more examples from the lesson.)

8. Activity: Live English: Customer Care

Question a.
Read the following conversation.
Answer:

• Vaishali: Mother, how’s your new Zap3 mobile working?
• Mother: Oh It’s a fantastic piece and I’ve got a Bhramar simcard free with this mobile but somehow the Internet Is not working.
• Vaishali: Go to the settings and see if the mobile data is switched on.
• Mother: Yes, dear, I’ve done that so many times, but still I am not getting connected.
• Vaishali: Let’s contact the customer support at Bhramar and take their help. Look, the number Is given on the back of the simcard packet.
• Mother: Yes. I’ll contact them immediately.
• Vaishali: Put your mobile on speaker phone so that I can guide you.
  (Mother dials Bhramar Telecom customer care.)
• Bhramar CC: Hello. This is Bhramar customer care service. For information in English, press for Hindi, press 2, for Marathi, press 3, to talk to our customer care executive, press 4.
  (Mother presses 1.)
• Bhramar CC: For information regarding bills and your account, press 1 for internet queries and offers, press 2 for other services, press 3 to talk to our customer care executive, press 4.
  (Mother presses 2.)
• Bhramar CC: For different Internet plans, press: 1 to talk to our customer care executive, press 2.
  (Mother presses 2.)
• Bhramar CC: How can I help you?
• Mother: I bought a new Bhramar SIM yesterday. I have opted for the 349 rupees unlimited plan.
• Bhramar CC: Yes, it Is reflected against your number.
• Mother: But I am not getting connected to the Internet.
• Bhramar CC: Go to Settings’ and in APN type internet and save it. After that just switch off the phone and then switch it on again. The internet will start working. Any other queries, Madam?
• Mother: No, thank you. If I have any problem, I will call you back.
• Bhramar CC: Thanks for calling Bhramar Customer Care service. (Hangs up.)
• Vaishali: See, Mummy, It’s quiet simple.

Question b.
You have purchased some games CDs online through ChalaShikuya. corn (CSY). You are not able to access the CD. It is published by Cithuttigarnes. When you contact the customer care service of Chhuttigarnes. what questions will you ask?
Answer:
Questions to ask chalashikuya.com. customer care service of chhuttigames.

1. Is it customer care service of chhuttigames?
2. I want to talk to the person who deals with customer complaints, who is the right ¡erson to talk to?
3. Recently I have purchased some games CD online through your website. It’s not working properly. How can I resolve my problem?
4. Is it possible to exchange the CD?
5. How can I send it back to you?
6. How much time will you take to replace it?
7. What is the guarantee that new CD wifi work properly?
8. Will you return the money which I paid for CDs?

Question c.
Find out who the service provider is for your parents mobile. With your parents’ pennission. call the customer care service to get information regarding the active plans on your number. (For example. SMS plan, internet plan, etc. and share this information in your classroom.)
Answer:
Telephonic conversation with the customer care service.

• Myself: Hello, is it Airtel Service Centre?
• ServIceman: Yes, what can I do you for you, Sir?
• Myself: My mother’s number is 9867XXXX10 and I want to enquire about new plans for this number.
• Serviceman: Could you hold on for a moment please? I will just put you through to our expert.
• Myself: It’s all right.
• Serviceman: What do you want to ask, Sir? I can’t get through to him at the moment. If you tell me, I wifi definitely pass on your message to him.
• Myself: I want to ask about the active plan on my mobile. Especially about SMS plan and Internet plan.
• Serviceman: I think the operator has hung up. I will pass on your message to him, call you back in some time.
• Myself: 0k Sir, Thanks a lot!
• Serviceman: Welcome Sir, Have a good day.

Question d.
Prepare simple telephone conversations using the expressions below.
Some useful ‘telephone’ phrases
Hold on, please. (Wait): Could you hold on for a moment please?
Put (a call) through (Connect): I will just put you through to our expert.
Get through (Get connected): I can’t get through to him at the moment, could you call back later, please?
Hang up (End the call): I think the operator has hung up.
Call back: I’ll check your plan and call you back in some time.

• Pick up
• Answer the phone
• Call
• Give a ring

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 2.3 Mark Twain Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passage and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences with the help of the given passage:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. The real name of Mark Twain was Samuel Langhorne Clemens.
2. Mark Twain went to a local barber shop for a shave.
3. Many anecdotes related to Mark Twain are told and enjoyed even today.
4. The young Mark Twain ran over early to say goodbye to Mrs. Stowe.

Question 2.
Name the following:
Answer:

1. The popular American Writer – Mark Twain
2. The place where Mrs Stowe was going – Florida
3. The home country of Mark Twain – America
4. The person who was going to Florida – Mrs Stowe

Question 3.
Answer the following in words :
Answer:

1. How many times did Mark Twain hear the story. – Three times
2. Who was telling the story? – Henry Irving

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. Henry Irving asked Mark Twain if he had heard the story before “because he wanted to assure that he had not heard the story which he was telling him.”
2. Mark Twain could not lie the third time at any cost because he had not only heard the story but also invented it after hearing it for the third time.

Question 5.
State whether the following statements are True or False: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Mark Twain received a letter from the editor of a small Missouri newspaper. – False
2. Finding a spider in a paper is good luck for the reader according to Mark Twain. – False
3. Mark Twain’s birth was heralded by the return of Halley’s comet. – True
4. Mark Twain died in November 1835. – False

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Describe Mark Twain.
Answer:
Mark Twain was a popular American writer who was famous for his humorous stories, novels and other writings. Many anecdotes related to Mark Twain are told and enjoyed even today. He was a great defender of human values like liberty, equality and fraternity.

Question 2.
Complete the following web describing Mark Twain:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 3.
Complete the following:
(Answers are directly given.) The two social activities that Mark Twain supported:
1. Being a great defender of human values like liberty, equality and fraternity, Mark Twain opposed wars and imperialism.
2. He also supported the cause of labourers and of the black people in his country.

Question 4.
Was Twain particular about what words he used?
Answer:
Yes, Twain was very much particular about what words he used.

Question 5.
Why was Henry Irving asking Mark Twain the same question again and again?
Answer:
While telling a humorous story to Mark Twain, Henry Irving noticed his friend’s face. He noticed some unknown gestures on his face. Thinking, he might have heard the story, Henry was reassuring whether Mark Twain had heard the story or not so to make it sure he was asking the same question again and again.

Question 6.
What did Mark Twain propose? What was his plan at the year 6-12?
Answer:
Mark Twain proposed a plan for the improvement of English Spelling. At the year 6-12 his plan was modifying vowels and the remaining voiced and unvoiced consonants.

Question 7.
How did Twain explain the spider in the paper? What did he want to highlight?
Answer:
1. Twain explained that the spider was on the paper to see which merchant was not advertising, so that he could go to that store spin his web across the door and lead a life of undisturbed peace afterwards.
2. He wanted to highlight that there was no logical reason behind superstitions as the spider just happened to be there on the newspaper by chance. He also wanted to highlight that we should not believe in superstitions.

Question 8.
Which episode shows that Mark Twain did not believe in superstitions?
Answer:
A letter was received by Mark Twain from a reader asking him whether finding a spider in his j paper portended good or bad luck. His reply to the reader shows that he did not believe in superstitions, whereas we should take such situations humorously.

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Find out similar meaning words (synonyms) for the following from the passage :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. freedom – liberty
2. protector – defender
3. brotherhood – fraternity
4. considered – regarded

Question 2.
Complete the following word-web with the words related to literature:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 3.
Find out any four wrongly spelled words and correct them:
Answer:

1. Iear – Year
2. konsonant – consonant
3. fainali – finally
4. lojikl – logical

Question 4.
Find out from the passage the words used for the following words:
Answer:

1. world – werld
2. replace – riplais
3. respectively – respective
4. modifying – modifaiing

Question 5.
Classify the following words in the given table:
reader, remind, wonder, spider, merchant, return, declare, comet.
Answer:

Nouns	Verbs
reader, spider, merchant, comet.	remind, wonder, return, declare.

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Question 1.
Change the following sentences in indirect speech:
1. “You have chosen a good time to come,” the barber said to Mark Twain.
2. The barber said to Mark Twain, “Have you bought your ticket?”
Answer:
1. The barber told Mark Twain that he had chosen a good time to come.
2. The barber asked Mark Twain if he had bought his ticket.

Question 2.
Use ‘not only’ …. ‘but also’ and rewrite the sentences:
1. Many anecdotes related to Mark Twain are told and enjoyed even today.
2. Mark Twain opposed wars and imperialism.
Answer:
1. Many anecdotes related to Mark Twain are not only told but also enjoyed even today.
2. Mark Twain opposed not only wars but also imperialism.

Identify the mistakes in the following ( sentences and write the correct sentences:

Question 1.
Jenerally, then, the improvement would kontinue iear bai iear.
Answer:
Generally, then, the improvement would continue year by year.

Question 2.
it wud fainali bi possible to meik ius ov thi ( ridandant letez.
Answer:
It would finally be possible to make use of the redundant letters.

Identify the tense:

Question 1.
1. Henry Irving was telling a humorous story.
2. Mark Twain proposed a plan for the improvement of English Spelling
Answer:
1. Past Continuous Tense.
2. Simple Past Tense.

Make the sentences affirmative:

Question 1.
1. A man cannot be comfortable without his own approval.
2. Don’t be careless about reading health books.
Answer:
1. A man is (can be) uncomfortable without his own approval.
2. Be careful about reading health books.

Frame a wh-question to get the underlined part as an answer in each sentences:

Question 1.
Mark Twain received a letter from a reader.
Answer:
What did Mark Twain receive from a reader?

Question 2.
Mark Twain’s birth was heralded by the return of Halley’s comet.
Answer:
What was heralded by the return of Halley’s comet?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What is the importance of humour in our life?
Answer:
Humour is the most effective and important ingredient, to spice up the dish of life. It is enjoyed by all irrespective of age, caste, gender, whatever. It is one thing which can bind us all and generate a positive and happy environment. Even the most difficult situations can be handled with ease, if we are armed with humorous mind and disposition.

Question 2.
What do you know about Mark Twain?
Answer:
Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, publisher and lecturer. He was born on 30th November, 1835 in Florida (U.S.). Twain earned a great deal of money from his humorous writings and lectures. He was lauded as the greatest American humorist of his age. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were his two major classics of American literature.

Question 3.
Why should we avoid spelling mistakes while writing?
Answer:
Correct spelling improves the overall presentation of our work and helps with our confidence in writing. Incorrect spelling can be both embarrassing and damaging. It changes the meaning of the sentences. It also leaves a bad impression of the writer on the readers’ mind.

Question 4.
How can you improve English spellings?
Answer:
We can improve our English spellings in the following ways:

1. By learning a few rules of forming words.
2. By learning commonly misspelled words.
3. By checking word origins in the dictionary.
4. By separating words into chunks.
5. By using the words in its context.
6. By playing word games/solving puzzles.

Question 5.
Why should we take part in humorous sessions?
Answer:
Jokes can make people laugh and this impacts the blood circulation. Humorous sessions are often considered as good time for individuals with heart and other cardiovascular problems. It indirectly improves immune system by increasing infection-fighting antibodies. It reduces pains and takes us out from our problems.

Activities Based on Language study

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

1. t o _ a y
2. s _ a v e
3. a _ a i n
4. p _ i c e

Answer:

1. t o d a y
2. s h a v e
3. a g a i n
4. p r i c e.

Question 2.
Copy the following sentences correctly:
Answer:
1. “Have you bought your ticket yet?”
2. “You’ve chosen a good time to come,” he declared.

Question 3.
Put the following words In alphabetical order:
1. reader, spider, merchant, honour.
2. careless, classic, curiosity, cosmically.
Answer:
1. honour, merchant, reader, spider.
2. careless, classic, cosmically, curiosity.

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. are you quite sure you havent heard this he demanded suspiciously.
2. i not only heard the story invented it said mark twain.
Answer:
1. “Are you quite sure you haven’t heard this?” he demanded suspiciously.
2. “1 not only heard the story, I invented It!” said Mark Twain.

Question 5.
Write four small words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the given word:
‘generalizations’
Answer:

1. general
2. gents
3. ration
4. lion.

Question 6.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences:
1. A man does not be comfortable without his own approval.
2. Mark Twain will oppose wars and imperialism and supported the cause of labourers.
Answer:
1. A man cannot be comfortable without his own approval.
2. Mark Twain opposed wars and imperialism and supported the cause of labourers.

Question 7.
Write related words as shown in the example:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 8.
Complete the following word-chain of verbs. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:
find → ……………… → ……………. → …………….. → ……………… .
Answer:
find → drink → keep → play → yell.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Make your own meaningful sentence by using the phrase ‘to wait for’.
Answer:
We should always wait for the right opportunity.

Question 2.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words and use one of the root words in your own sentence:
1. advantage
2. agree.
Answer:
1. disadvantage
2. disagree.
Sentence: There are many advantages of reading good books.

Question 3.
Add a clause to expand the sentence meaningfully:
I bought a new mobile …………………. .
Answer:
I bought a new mobile which is not at all useful for me.

Activities:

Question 1.
Can you think of other examples of irregularities in English spelling?
(Few examples are given here. Students may think and write other examples.)
Answer:

• Name – Nikki, Nicky, Toni & Tony
• – centre, center
• – weight, height
• – headache, know

Question 2.
Write a few sentences according to the improvements suggested for each year:
Answer:

Year	Sentences	Suggested improvements
1	I never drink cool water.	I never drink kool water.
2	She baked one cake.	She baked won kake.
3	He replied angrily.	He replied angrili.
5	Finally, she stopped overeating.	Finali she stoped overeeting.
6 to 12	It would be nice to eat peanuts.	It wud bi naise tu eet peenats.
15	the shop was shut.	Xe yop was yut.
20	This has to change soon.	Xis has tu ccej sun.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence

Class 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Choose the correct option:

The Maratha War Of Independence Class 7 Question 1.
Aurangzeb was annoyed by his bravery.
(a) Shahajada Akbar
(b) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
(c) Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj
Answer:
(b) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

The Maratha War Of Independence Question Answer Question 2.
These decamped with the golden pinnacle from the Emperor’s tent.
(a) Santaji and Dhanaji
(b) Santaji Ghorpade and Vithoji Chavan
(c) Khando Ballal and Rupaji Bhosale
Answer:
(b) Santaji Ghorpade and Vithoji Chavan

Std 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War Of Independence Question 3.
He fought very bravely in the Goa battle.
(a) Yesaji Kank
(b) Nemaji Shinde
(c) Pralhad Niraji
Answer:
(a) Yesaji Kank

2. Find in the text in the lesson and write answers:

Class 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War Of Independence Question 1.
Why did Sambhaji Maharaj return halfway from the Janjira campaign? ‘
Answer:
(a) Sambhaji Maharaj started a campaign against the Siddi of Janjira in 1682 CE.
(b) The Marathas laid siege to Siddi’s Dandarajpuri and battered the fort of Janjira with the artillery.
(c) But on the other hand, the Mughal army invaded Swaraj. Hence Sambhaji Maharaj returned halfway from the Janjira campaign to protect/defend his kingdom.

9 The Maratha War Of Independence Question 2.
Why did Sambhaji Maharaj decide to teach a lesson to the Portuguese?
Answer:
The Portuguese of Goa joined hands with the Emperor against Sambhaji Maharaj so ) the Maharaj decided to teach a lesson to the Portuguese.

The Maratha War Of Independence Question 3.
While going to Jinji, Rajaram Maharaj left the responsibility of protecting Swaraj to whom?
Answer:
While going to Jinji, Rajaram Maharaj had assigned the duty to protect Swaraj to Ramchandrapant, Amatya, Shankaraji, Narayan Sachiv, Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav.

9 The Maratha War Of Independence Class 7 Question 4.
Devdatta has described Maharani Tarabai’s Valour in which words?
Answer:
Devdatta has described Maharani Tarabai’s valour in his Marathi poem:

3. Give reasons:

Question 1.
Aurangzeb turned his aim towards Adilshahi and Qutubshahi Kingdom.
Answer:
(a) Aurangzeb was not able to succeed his campaign against the Marathas.
(b) Therefore he suspended the campaign and turned his aim towards Adilshahi and Kutubshahi states.

Question 2.
After the death of Sambhaji Maharaj, the Marathas intensified their war with the Mughals.
Answer:
(a) Sambhaji Maharaj was brutally put to death by Aurangzeb.
(b) The Marathas took inspiration from his sacrifice and intensified their fight against the Mughals.

Question 3.
It was decided that the Raigad fort should be fought under the leadership of Maharani Yesubai.
Answer:
(a) Zulfikarkhan put Raigad under siege.
(b) Rajaram Maharaj and his wife Maharani Tarabai, Sambhaji Maharaj’s wife, Maharani Yesubai and his son Shahu were in Raigad.
(c) It was very risky for all members of the royal family to stay at one place.
(d) It was decided that Rajaram should escape from Raigad and the fight to defend Raigad would continue under the leadership of Maharani Yesubai.

Activity:

Show Goa, Bijapur, Golconda, Jinji, Ahmadabad and Ahmednagar on a map of India.

Class 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option:

Question 1.
Akbar sought shelter with –
(a) Sambhaji Maharaj
(b) Mukarrab Khan
(c) Rajaram Maharaj
Answer:
Sambhaji Maharaj

Question 2.
Aurangzeb died in 1707 at –
(a) Kolhapur
(b) Janjira
(c) Ahmadnagar
Answer:
Ahmadnagar

Arrange the events chronologically:

• Aurangzeb died at Ahmadnagar.
• Sambhaji Maharaj was put to death.
• Rajaram Maharaj escaped from Raigad fort.
• Aurangzeb descended to the South.
• Maharani Yesubai and Shahu put under arrest.

Answer:

• Aurangzeb descended to the South.
• Sambhaji Maharaj was put to death.
• Rajaram Maharaj escaped from Raigad fort.
• Maharani Yesubai and Shahu put under arrest.
• Aurangzeb died at Ahmadnagar.

Write the meaning of:

Question 1.
Artillery
Answer:
The army unit that uses big guns with big barrels.

Question 2.
Killedar / Kiledar
Answer:
In charge of the fort.

Question 3.
Guerilla tactics
Answer:
The use of surprise raids hit and run by the army and repetitive attacks on the enemy.

Find from the text and write the answers:

Question 1.
Who took away the golden pinnacle from the Emperor’s own tent?
Answer:
(a) Santaji Ghorpade
(b) Vithoji Chavan

Question 2.
Name the faithful Sardars of Raj aram Maharaj who joined him in the Jinji campaign.
Answer:
(a) Pralhad Niraji
(b) Khando Ballal
(c) Rupaji Bhosale.

Question 3.
What was Tarabai’s warfare method called?
Answer:
Tarabai’s warfare method was called ‘Safe deposit locker system’.

Question 4.
How did Aurangzeb entice many Maratha Sardars on his side?
Answer:
Aurangzeb enticed many Maratha Sardars on his side by giving them watans and jagirs.

Question 5.
Why was it decided that Rajaram Maharaj should escape from Raigad and go to Jinji?
Answer:
(a) The Jinji fort was far off in the south and was invincible.
(b) It was not an easy task for the Mughals to capture this fort.
Hence Rajaram escaped from Raigad and went to Jinji.

Question 6.
How does Khafikhan describe Maharani Tarabai?
Answer:
Khafikhan described Maharani Tarabai in the following words “She is intelligent and wise. She became very famous for her management of army and administration even during the rule of her husband”.

Question 7.
When was the sign of the tilting of the balance to the other end seen?
Answer:
It was when trusted Sardars like Krishnaji Sawant, Khanderao Dabhada, Dhanaji Jadhav and Nemaji Shinde started the battles on various fronts against the Mughals outside Maharashtra which gave a sign of the tilting of the balance to the other end.

Find out and write:

Question 1.
They were in the forefront to invade Mughal territories.
Answer:
Santaji and Dhanaji

Question 2.
He died in March 1700.
Answer:
Rajaram Maharaj

Question 3.
He rebelled against his father and sought shelter with Sambhaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Prince Akbar

Question 4.
The Incharge of the Kolhapur province.
Answer:
Mukarrabkhan

Question 5.
The Great Maratha soldier of whom the Mughal soldiers were scared of.
Answer:
Dhanaji

Question 6.
The Historian Riyasatkar G.S. Sardesai described Rajaram Maharaj as.
Answer:
‘Sthirbuddhi’ (Level Headed)

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Sambhaji Maharaj had to abandon the Janjira campaign and turn back.
Answer:

• Sambhaji Maharaj started a campaign against Siddi in 1682 CE.
• His army laid a siege to Dandarajpuri fort and battered the fort of Janjira with the artillery.
• But at the same time, the Mughal army invaded Swaraj.
• Sambhaji Maharaj had to abandon the Janjira campaign and turn back.

Question 2.
Noted historian Riyasatkar G.S. Sardesai has described Rajaram Maharaj by using the adjective ‘Sthirbuddhi’. (Level Headed)
Answer:

• Rajaram Maharaj was thoughtful and kind- hearted.
• He brought together all the capable people in the Maratha empire.
• He united them and thus created a new enthusiasm amongst them.
• After the death of Sambhaji Maharaj, he fought against Aurangzeb for 11 years with great courage and tenacity.
• Rajaram Maharaj’s greatest achievement is that he protected Swaraj in those extremely difficult times.

Question 3.
The Eighteenth century is known as the Maratha Century.
Answer:

• After the death of Aurangzeb, not only did the Marathas filled the vacuum in the political arena, but also lead the political affairs.
• They ruled over Delhi’s throne and almost all parts of Hindustan and also protected it.
• Due to sequence of events, the 18th century is known as the ‘Maratha Century’.

Complete the following flow chart:

The lineage of the Bhosale family.

Answer:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 1 Gravitation Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 1 Gravitation

Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Gravitation Exercise Question 1.
Study the entries in the following table and rewrite them putting the connected items in a single row :

I	II	III
Mass	m/s2	Zero at the centre of the earth
Weight	kg	Measure of inertia
Acceleration due to gravity	N.m2/kg2	Same in the entire universe
Gravitational constant	N	Depends on height

Answer:

I	II	III
Mass	kg	Measure of inertia
Weight	N	Depends on height
Acceleration due to gravity	m/s2	Zero at the centre of the earth
Gravitational constant	N.m2/kg2	Same in the entire universe

Gravitation Class 10 Maharashtra Board Question 2.
Answer the following questions.
(a) What is the difference between mass and weight of an object? Will the mass and weight of an object on the earth be the same as their values on Mars? Why?
Answer:
The mass of an object is the amount of matter present in it. It is same everywhere in the Universe and is never zero. It is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is kg. The weight of an object is the force with which the earth (or any other planet/ moon/star) attracts it. It is directed towards the centre of the earth. The weight of an object is different at different places on the earth. It is zero at the earth’s centre. It is a vector quantity and its SI unit is the newton (N). The magnitude of weight = mg.

The mass of an object will be the same on the earth and Mars, but the weight will not be the same because the value of g on Mars is different from that on the earth.

(b) what are (i) free fall, (ii) acceleration due to gravity (iii) escape velocity (iv) centripetal force?
Answer:
(i) Free fall:
Whenever an object moves under the influence of the force of gravity alone, it is said to be falling freely.

(ii) Acceleration due to gravity:
The acceleration produced in a body due to the gravitational force of the earth is called the acceleration due to gravity.
[Note: On the earth’s surface, the value of the acceleration due to gravity is almost uniform. If a body falls from a low altitude, the value of the acceleration due to gravity is almost the same.]

(iii) Escape velocity:
When a body is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth, the minimum initial velocity of the body for which the body is able to overcome the downward pull by the earth and can escape the earth forever is called the escape velocity.

(iv) Centripetal force:
In uniform circular motion of a body, the force acting on the body is directed towards the centre of the circle. This force is called centripetal force.

(c) Write the three laws given by Kepler. How did they help Newton to arrive at the inverse square law of gravity?
Kepler’s first law :
The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci.

Figure 1.5 shows the elliptical orbit of a planet revolving around the Sun (S).

Kepler’s second law :
The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time.
A → B, C → D and E → F are the displacements of the planet in equal intervals of time.
The straight lines AS, CS and ES sweep equal areas in equal intervals of time.
Area ASB = area CSD = area ESF.

Kepler’s third law :
The square of the period of revolution of a planet around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the planet from the Sun.
Thus, if r is the average distance of the planet from the Sun and T is its period of revolution, then,
T² ∝ r², i.e., \(\frac{T^{2}}{r^{3}}\) = constant = K

For simplicity, we shall assume the orbit to be a circle.

In Fig. 1.6,
S denotes the position of the Sun, P denotes the position of a planet at a given instant and r denotes the radius of the orbit (= the distance of the planet from the Sun). Here, the speed of the planet is uniform.

If m is the mass of the planet, the centripetal force exerted on the planet by the Sun (= gravitational force),

According to Kepler’s third law,

Thus, F ∝ \(\frac{1}{r^{2}}\) as \(\frac{4 \pi^{2} m}{K}\) is constant in a particular case.

(d) A stone thrown vertically upwards with initial velocity u reaches a height ‘h’ before coming down. Show that the time taken to go up is same as the time taken to come down.
Answer:

We have, v = u + at …..(1)
and s = ut + \(\frac{1}{2}\) at² …..(2)
∴ s = (v – at) t + \(\frac{1}{2}\) at²
= vt – at² + \(\frac{1}{2}\) at²
∴ s = vt – \(\frac{1}{2}\) at² …..(3)
As the stone moves upward from A → B,
s = AB = h, t = t₁,
a = -g (retardation),
u = u and v = 0
∴ From Eq. (3), h = 0 – \(\frac{1}{2}\) (-g)t₁²
∴ h = \(\frac{1}{2}\)gt₁² …..(4)
As the stone moves downward from B → A,
t = t₂, u = 0, s = h and a = g
∴ from Eq. (2), h = \(\frac{1}{2}\) gt² …..(5)
From Eqs. (4) and (5), t₁² = t₂²
∴ t₁ = t₂ (∵ t₁ and t₂ are positive)

(e) If the value of g suddenly becomes twice its value, it will become two times more difficult to pull a heavy object along the floor. Why?
Answer:
To pull an object along the floor, it is necessary to do work against the force of friction between the object and the surface of the floor. This force of friction is proportional to the weight, mg, of the object. If the value of g becomes twice its value, the weight of the object and hence the force of friction will become double. Therefore, it will become two times more difficult to pull a heavy object along the floor.

10th Gravitation Chapter Exercise Question 3.
Explain why the value of g is zero at the centre of the earth.
The value of g changes while going deep inside the earth. It goes on decreasing as we go from the earth’s surface towards the earth’s centre.

We shall treat the earth as a sphere of uniform density. If we consider a particle of mass m at point P at a distance (R – d) from the earth’s centre, where R is the radius of the earth and d is the depth below the earth’s surface, the gravitational force on the particle due to the earth is

F = \(\frac{G m M^{\prime}}{(R-d)^{2}}\), where ‘M’ is the mass of the sphere of radius (R – d).

because the outer spherical shell is not effective (Fig. 1.10). In this case, the acceleration due to gravity is

where M is the mass of the earth. Thus, g decreases as d increases. It is less than that at the earth’s surface (\(\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\)) At the earth’s centre, d = R
∴ g = 0.

[Note : The formulae given in the answer are not given in the textbook. The formula density = \(\frac{\text { mass }}{\text { volume }}\) is used to find M’.]

Std 10 Science Chapter 1 Gravitation Question Answer Question 4.
Let the period of revolution of a planet at a distance R from a star be T. Prove that if it was at a distance of 2R from the star, its period of revolution will be \(\sqrt{8} T\).
Answer:
T= \(\frac{2 \pi}{\sqrt{G M}} \quad r^{3 / 2}\), where T = period of revolution of a planet around the Sun, M = mass of the Sun, G = gravitational constant and r = radius of the orbit assumed to be circular = distance of the planet from the Sun.
For r = R, T =T₁.

Class 10 Science 1 Chapter 1 Gravitation Question 5.
Solve the following examples.
(a) An object takes 5 s to reach the ground from a height of 5 m on a planet. What is the value of g on the planet?
Solution:
Data: u = 0 m/s, s = 5m, t = 5s, g = ?

(b) The radius of planet A is half the radius of planet B. If the mass of A is M_A, what must be the mass of B so that the value of g on B is half that of its value on A?  (Practice Activity Sheet – 4)
Solution:
Data : R_A = R_B/2, gB = \(\frac{1}{2}\) g_A, M_B = ?

(c) The mass and weight of an object on the earth are 5 kg and 49 N respectively. What will be their values on the moon? Assume that the acceleration due to gravity on the moon is l/6th of that on the earth.
Solution:
Data: m = 5 kg, W = 49 N,
gM = \(\frac{g_{E}}{6}\),m (on the moon) = ?, W(on the moon) = ?
(i) The mass of the object on the moon = the mass of the object on the earth = 5 kg
(ii) W = mg

(weight of the object on the moon).

(d) An object thrown vertically upwards reaches a height of 500 m. what was its initial velocity? How long will the object take to come back to the earth? Assume g = 10 m/s²
Solution:
100 mn/s and 20 s

(e) A ball falls off a table and reaches the ground in 1 s. Assuming g = 10 m/s², calculate its speed on reaching the ground and the height of the table.
Solution:
Data: t = 1s, g = 10 m/s², u = 0 m/s,
s = ?, v = ?
(i) s = ut + \(\frac{1}{2}\)gt²
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)gt² for u = 0 m/s
∴ s = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 10 m/s² × (1s)²
=5 m
∴ The height of the table = 5 m.

(ii) v = u +at = u + gt
= 0 m/s + 10 m/s² × 1 s
= 10m/s
∴ The velocity of the ball on reaching the ground = 10 m/s.

(f) The masses of the earth and moon are 6 × 10²⁴ kg and 7.4 × 10²² kg, respectively. The distance between them is 3.84 × 10⁵ km. Calculate the gravitational force of attraction between the two. Use G = 6.7 × 10^-11 N.m² kg^-2.
Solution:
Data : m₁ = 6 × 10²⁴ kg,
m₂ = 7.4 × 10²² kg,
r = 3.84 × 10⁵ km = 3.84 × 10⁸ m,
G = 6.7 × 10^-11 N.m² kg^-2, F = ?

This is (the magnitude of) the gravitational force between the earth and the moon.

(g) The mass of the earth is 6 × 10²⁴ kg. The distance between the earth and the Sun is 1.5 × 10¹¹ m. If the gravitational force between the two is 3.5 × 10²² N, what is the mass of the Sun? (Use G = 6.7 × 10^-11 N.m² kg^-2)
Solution:
Data : m₁ = 6 × 10²⁴ kg,
r = 1.5 × 10¹¹ m, F = 3.5 × 10²² N,
G = 6.7 × 10^-11 N.m²kg^-2, m₂ = ?

= 1.96 × 10³⁰ kg (mass of the sun)

Gravitation Class 10 Exercise Answers Project:
Take weights of five of your friends. Find out what their weights will be on the moon and the Mars.
Answer:
Help: The weight of a body
(i) On the earth. W₁ = mg₁
(ii) on the moon, W₂ = mg₂
(iii) on Mars, W₃ = mg₃
∴ W₂ = W₁ × \(\frac{g_{2}}{g_{1}}\) and W₃ = W₁ × \(\frac{g_{3}}{g_{1}}\)
Now, g₁ = 9.81 m/s², g₂ = 1.67 m/s² and g₃ = 3.72 m/s²
If W₁ = 500 N,
W₂ = 500 × \(\frac{1.67}{9.81}\)N = 85.12N(approx.)
and W₃ = 500 × \(\frac{3.72}{9.81}\)N = 189.6 N (approx.)

Can you recall? (Text Book Page No. 1)

10th Class Science Part 1 Chapter 1 Gravitation Exercise Question 1.
What are the effects of a force acting on an object? (Note: a body ≡ an object)
Answer:

• A force can set a body in motion. For example, if a ball at rest on the floor is pushed, it rolls on the floor.
• A force can stop a moving body. For example, a moving bicycle can be brought to rest by application of brakes.
• A force acting on a body can change the speed of the body. For example, when brakes are applied to a moving bicycle, its speed decreases due to the friction between the brake shoes and the rim of the tire.
• A force can change the direction of motion of the body. For example, in a uniform circular motion of a body, the direction of motion of the body keeps on changing due to the applied force.
• A force can change the speed as well as the direction of motion of the body. For example, when a ball bowled by a bowler is hit by a batsman, there occurs a*change in the speed as well as the direction of motion of the ball.
• A force can change the shape and size of the body on which it acts. For example, when a rubber ball is pressed, it gets deformed and hence no longer remains spherical. Also, there can be a decrease in its volume.

1 Gravitation Exercise Question 2.
What types of forces are you familiar with?
Answer:
The gravitational force between the earth and the moon, the electromagnetic force between two charged particles in motion, the nuclear force between a proton and a neutron in the nucleus of an atom.

Gravitation 10th Class Exercise Question 3.
What do you know about the gravitational force?
Answer:
The gravitational force is a universal force, i.e., it acts between any two objects in the universe.

Can you recall? (Text Book Page No. 1)

Science Part 1 Gravitation Exercise Question 1.
What are Newton’s laws of motion?
Answer:
(1) Newton’s first law of motion: An object continues to remain at rest or in a state of uniform motion along a straight line unless an external unbalanced force acts on it.

(2) Newton’s second law of motion: The rate of change of momentum is proportional to the applied force and the change of momentum occurs in the direction of the force.

(3) Newton’s third law of motion: Every action force has an equal and opposite reaction force that acts simultaneously.
[Note: Equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.]

Use your brainpower! (Text Book Page No. 4)

10th Science Part 1 Gravitation Exercise Question 1.
If area ESF in figure 1.5 is equal to area ASB, what will you infer about EF?
Answer:
The time taken by the planet to move from E to F equals the time taken by the planet to move from A to B.

Use your brainpower (Text Book Page No. 7)

Gravitation Exercise 10th Class Question 1.
According to Newton’s law of gravitation, every object attracts every other object.
Thus, if the earth attracts an apple towards itself, the apple also attracts the earth towards itself with the same force. Why then does the apple fall towards the earth, but the earth does not move towards the apple?
Answer:
The earth and the apple move towards each other, but the magnitude of the displacement of the earth is negligible relative to that of the apple. Also the observer is located on the earth.
[Note: The mass of the earth is far greater than that of an apple. Hence, the magnitude of the acceleration of the earth is negligible relative to that of the apple.]

Gravitation Class 10 Question And Answer Question 2.
The gravitational force due to the earth also acts on the moon because of which it revolves around the earth. Similar situation exists for the artificial satellites orbiting the earth. The moon and the artificial satellites orbit the earth. The earth attracts them towards itself but unlike the falling apple, they do not fall on the earth, why?
Answer:
This is because of the velocity of the moon and the satellites along their orbits. If this velocity was not there, they would have fallen on the earth.

Think about it (Text Book Page No. 8)

Std 10 Science Chapter 1 Gravitation Exercise Question 1.
What would happen if there were no gravity?
Answer:
There would be no gravitational attraction between any two particles and hence no formation of the solar system, galaxy, etc.

Science 1 Gravitation Question 2.
What would happen if the value of G was twice as large?
Answer:
The gravitational force between any two particles would become double, also the value of g would become double.

Can you tell? (Text Book Page No. 8)

Gravitation Class 10 Exercise Question 1.
What would be the value of g on the surface of the earth if its mass was twice as large and its radius half of what it is now? (March 2019)
Answer:

∴ g₂ = 8g₁
Thus, the value of g on the surface of the earth would be eight times the present value.

Think about it (Text Book Page No. 9)

Std 10 Science Chapter 1 Gravitation Answers Question 1.
Will the direction of the gravitational force change as we go inside the earth?
Answer:
No.

Gravitation Class 11 Exercise Solutions State Board Question 2.
What will be the value of g at the centre of the earth?
Answer:
Zero.

Use your brain power! (Text Book Page No. 10)

10th Ssc Science Chapter 1 Gravitation Question 1.
Will your weight remain constant as you go above the surface of the earth?
Answer:
No. As we go above the surface of the earth, our weight will go on decreasing.

Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Gravitation Question 2.
Suppose you are standing on a tall ladder. If your distance from the centre of the earth is 2R, what will be your weight?
Answer:

= \(\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{G M m}{R^{2}}\right)\)

Use your brain power! (Text Book Page No. 12)

Gravitation Class 11 Maharashtra Board Question 1.
According to Newton’s law of gravitation, the earth’s gravitational force is higher on an object of larger mass. Why doesn’t that object fall down with higher velocity as compared to an object with lower mass?
Answer:
F = ma and F = \(\frac{G M m}{r^{2}}\)
∴ Acceleration, a = \(\frac{G M}{r^{2}}\). This is independent of the mass (m) of the object. Hence, an object of larger mass and an object of lower mass fall down with the same velocity.

Use your brain power! (Text Book Page No. 6)

Question 1.
Assuming the acceleration in Example 2 above remains constant, how long will Mahendra take to move 1 cm towards Virat?
Answer:
Here, u = 0

= 1935 s = 32 minutes 15 seconds.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words and write the completed sentences :

Question 1.
The ratio g(earth)/g(moon) is equal to……..
Answer:
The ratio g(earth)/g(moon) is equal to 6 (approximately)

Question 2.
The value of the acceleration due to gravity……..as we move from the equator to a pole.
Answer:
The value of the acceleration due to gravity increases as we move from the equator to a pole.

Question 3.
If the earth shrinks to half of its radius, its mass remaining the same, the weight of an object on the earth will become……..times.
Answer:
If the earth shrinks to half of its radius, its mass remaining the same, the weight of an object on the earth will become four times.

Question 4.
The SI unit of weight is the……..
Answer:
The SI unit of weight is the newton.

Question 5.
The CGS unit of weight is the……..
Answer:
The CGS unit of weight is the dyne

Question 6.
The weight of a body is ……..at the poles.
Answer:
The weight of a body is maximum at the poles.

Question 7.
Outside the earth, the weight of a body varies as……..
Answer:
Outside the earth, the weight of a body varies as 1/(R + h)²

Question 8.
Due to the …….. force, the earth attracts all objects towards it.
Answer:
Due to the gravitational force, the earth attracts all objects towards it. Gravitational

Question 9.
The acceleration due to gravity does not depend on the …….. of the body.
Answer:
The acceleration due to gravity does not depend on the mass of the body. Mass

Question 10.
According to Kepler’s first law, the orbit of a planet is …….. with the Sun at one of the……..
Answer:
According to Kepler’s first law, the orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci

Question 11.
According to Kepler’s second law, the line joining the planet and the Sun …….. in equal intervals of time.
Answer:
According to Kepler’s second law, the line joining the planet and the Sun Sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time.

Question 12.
According to Kepler’s third law T² ∝ rⁿ, where n = ……..
Answer:
According to Kepler’s third law T² ∝ rⁿ, where n = 3

Question 13.
For a freely falling object, we can write Newton’s second equation of motion as ……..
Answer:
For a freely falling object, we can write Newton’s second equation of motion as S = \(\frac{1}{2}\)gt²

Question 1.
(A) Write the proper answer in the square.  (Practice Activity Sheet – 1)

If this F = x
Then F =
Answer:
F = \(\frac{x}{4}\)

(B) Write the proper answer in the square.  (March 2019)

If F = \(\frac{G m_{1} m_{2}}{d^{2}}\),
then F =
Answer:
F = \(\frac{G m_{1} m_{2}}{9 d^{2}}\)

Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
The gravitational force between two particles separated by a distance r varies as ……..
(a) \(\frac{1}{r}\)
(b) r
(c) r²
(d) \(\frac{1}{r^{2}}\)
Answer:
(d) \(\frac{1}{r^{2}}\)

Question 2.
In the usual notation, the acceleration due to gravity at a height h from the surface of the earth is ……..

Answer:
(c) g = \(\frac{G M}{(R+h)^{2}}\)

Question 3.
The SI unit of the universal constant of gravitation is ……..
(a) N.m²/kg²
(b) N.kg²/m²
(c) m/s²
(d) kg.m/s²
Answer:
(a) N.m²/kg²

Question 4.
The escape velocity of a body from the earth’s surface, v_sec = …….

Answer:
(c) \(\sqrt{\frac{2 G M}{R}}\)

Question 5.
How much will a person with 72 N weight on the earth, weigh on the moon?  (Practice Activity Sheet-1)
(a) 12 N
(b) 36 N
(c) 21 N
(d) 63 N
Answer:
(a) 12 N

Question 6.
What will be the weight of a person on the earth, who weighs 9N on the moon? (Practice Activity Sheet – 2)
(a) 3 N
(b) 15 N
(c) 45 N
(d) 54 N
Answer:
(d) 54 N

State whether the following statements are True or False :  (If a statement is false, correct it and rewrite it.)

Question 1.
If the separation between two particles is doubled, the gravitational force between the particles becomes half the initial force.
Answer:
False. (If the separation between two particles is doubled, the gravitational force between the particles becomes \(\frac{1}{4}\) times the initial force.)

Question 2.
The CGS unit of the universal constant or gravitation is the dyne cm²/gram²?
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
At the centre of the earth, the value of the acceleration due to gravity becomes zero.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
The weight of a body is minimum at the poles.
Answer:
False. (The weight of a body is maximum at the poles.)

Question 5.
Mass is a vector quantity.
Answer:
False. (Mass is a scalar quantity.)

Question 6.
weight is a vector quantity.
Answer:
True.

Question 7.
g has maximum value at the equator.
Answer:
False. (g has maximum value at the poles.)

Question 8.
Outside the earth, g varies as 1/(R + h)².
Answer:
True.

Question 9.
The value of G changes from place to place.
Answer:
False. (The value of G is the same throughout the universe.)

Question 10.
The value of g increases with altitude.
Answer:
False. (The value of g decreases with altitude.)

Question 11.
The escape velocity of a body does not depend on the mass of the body.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
The mass of a body is the amount of matter present in it.
Answer:
True

Match the following :

Answer:
(1) Escape velocity : \(\sqrt{\frac{2 G M}{R}}\)
(2) Gravitational acceleration : \(\frac{G M}{r^{2}}\) (r ≥ R)
(3) Gravitational potential energy : \(\frac{-G M m}{R+h}\)
(4) Gravitational force : \(\frac{G m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}\)

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
State the SI and CGS units of G.
Answer:
The SI unit of G is N.m²/kg² and CGS unit is the dyne.cm²/g².

Question 2.
State any one characteristic of gravitational force.
Answer:
Gravitational force between two particles does not depend on the nature of the medium between them.

Question 3.
Name the force that keeps a satellite in the orbit around the earth.
Answer:
The gravitational force due to the earth keeps a satellite in the orbit around the earth.

Question 4.
Name the force due to which the earth revolves around the Sun.
Answer:
The earth revolves around the Sun due to the gravitational force of attraction exerted on it by the Sun.

Question 5.
What is the acceleration due to gravity at a height h ( = radius of the earth) from the surface of the earth? (g = 9.8 m/s²)
Answer:
The acceleration due to gravity at a height h ( = radius of the earth) from the surface of the earth is 2.45 m/s².

Question 6.
What is the relation between the SI unit of weight and the CGS unit of weight?
Answer:
The relation between the SI unit of weight (the newton) and the CGS unit of weight (the dyne) is 1 newton = 10⁵ dynes.

Question 7.
Write the formula for the centripetal force acting on a body performing circular motion.
Answer:
F = \(\frac{m v^{2}}{r}\)

Question 8.
Write the formula for the escape velocity of a body from the earth’s surface.
Answer:

Question 9.
What is the value of the acceleration due to gravity at the centre of the earth?
Answer:
Zero.

Question 10.
What are the factors on which the maximum height attained by a body thrown upwards depends?
Answer:
The initial velocity of the body, the acceleration due to gravity at that place, the buoyant force and frictional force due to air.

Some of the important terms in chapter Gravitation are given in the following box. Find them :

Answer:
(1) centripetal force
(2) escape velocity
(3) periodic time
(4) gravitational constant.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is centripetal force?
(OR)
Define centripetal force.
Answer:
In uniform circular motion of a body, the force acting on the body is directed towards the centre of the circle. This force is called centripetal force.

Question 2.
Give one example of centripetal force.
Answer:
The moon revolves around the earth due to the gravitational force exerted on it by the earth. This force is directed towards the centre of the earth and is thus a centripetal force.

Question 3.
Name the source responsible for the motion of a planet around the Sun.
Answer:
A planet revolves around the Sun due to the gravitational force exerted on it by the Sun.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
In the following figure, an orbit of a planet around the Sun (S) has been shown. AB and CD are the distances covered by the planet in equal time. Lines AS ad CS sweep equal areas in equal intervals of time. Hence, areas ASB and CSD are equal.  (Practice Activity Sheet-1)
(a) Which laws do we understand from the above description?
(b) Write the law regarding the area swept.
(c) Write the law T² ∝ r³ in your words.

Answer:
(a) From the given description we understand Kepler’s three laws.
(b) Kepler’s law of areas: The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time.
(c) Kepler’s law of periods: The square of the period of revolution of a planet around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the planet from the Sun.

Question 2.
Identify the law shown in Fig. 1.7 and state the three respective laws. (Practice Activity Sheet – 3)

Answer:
(a) From the given description we understand Kepler’s three laws.
(b) Kepler’s law of areas: The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time.
(c) Kepler’s law of periods: The square of the period of revolution or a planet around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the planet from the Sun.

Question 3.
Explain the term gravitational force. What is gravitation?
Answer:
There exists a force of attraction between any two particles of matter in the universe such that the force depends only on the masses of the particles and the separation between them. It is called the gravitational force and the mutual attraction is called gravitation.

Question 4.
State Newton’s universal law of gravitation. Express it in mathematical form.
Answer:
Newton’s universal law of gravitation :
Every object in the Universe attracts every other object with a definite force. This force is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Mathematical form: Consider two objects of masses m₁ and m₂. We assume that the objects are very small spheres of uniform density and the distance r between their centers is very large compared to the radii of the spheres (Fig. 1.8).

The magnitude (F) of the gravitational force of attraction between the objects is directly proportional to m₁m₂ and inversely proportional to r²
∴ F ∝ \(\frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}\)
∴ F = \(G\frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}\)
where G is the constant of proportionality, called the universal gravitational constant.
[Note: In the textbook, the word object/body is used.
Newton’s law of gravitation applies to particles.]

Question 5.
(i) Why is the constant of gravitation called a universal constant?
(ii) Newton’s law of gravitation is called the universal law of gravitation. Why?
Answer:
(i) The value of the constant of gravitation does not change with the nature, mass or the size of the material particles. It does not vary with the distance between the two particles. It is also independent of the nature of the medium between the two particles. Hence, it is called a universal constant.

(ii) As the law of gravitation given by Newton is applicable throughout the universe and to all particles, it is called universal law.

[ Note: The centre of mass of an object is the point inside or outside the object at which the total mass of the object can be assumed to be concentrated to study the effect of an applied force. The centre of mass of a spherical object having uniform density is at its geometrical centre. The centre of mass of an object having uniform density is at its centroid. If the two bodies are spherical and of uniform density, the gravitational force between them is always along the line joining the centres of the two bodies and the distance between the centres is taken to be r. When the bodies are not spherical or have irregular shape or have nonuniform density, the force is along the line joining their centres of mass and r is taken to be the distance between the two centres of mass.]

Question 6.
If the distance between two bodies is increased by a factor of 5, (i) by what factor will the gravitational force change if the masses are kept constant? (ii) by what factor will the mass of one of them have to be altered, keeping the other mass the same, to maintain the same gravitational force between the two bodies?
Answer:
If the distance between two bodies is increased by a factor of 5,
(i) the gravitational force between the bodies will decrease by a factor of 25 if the masses of the bodies are kept constant.
(ii) the mass of one of them will have to be increased by a factor of 25, keeping the mass of the other body the same, to maintain the same gravitational force between the two bodies.
[Note : Gravitational force F ∝ \(\frac{1}{r^{2}}\) and F ∝ m₁m₂.]

Question 7.
(i) Determine the SI unit of the universal constant of gravitation from the formula for the gravitational force between two particles. Hence, state the CGS unit of the constant of gravitation. (ii) Define G (universal gravitational constant).
Ans. (i) According to Newton’s law of gravitation, the gravitational force between two particles is
F = \(G\frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}\)
where m₁ and m₂ are the masses of the two particles, r is the distance between them and G is the universal constant of gravitation.
∴ G = \(\frac{F r^{2}}{m_{1} m_{2}}\)

The SI unit of force is the newton (N), that of distance is the metre (m) and that of mass is the kilogram (kg).
The SI unit of G is \(\frac{\mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}}{\mathrm{kg}^{2}}\).
The CGS unit of G is \(\frac{\text { dyne } \cdot \mathrm{cm}^{2}}{\mathrm{g}^{2}}\).

(ii) F = \(G\frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}\).
∴ G = \(\frac{F r^{2}}{m_{1} m_{2}}\)
If we take m₁ = m₂ = unit mass and r = unit distance, numerically, G = F, i.e., G (universal gravitational constant) represents the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between two unit masses, separated by a unit distance.

Question 8.
State the importance of Newton’s universal law of gravitation.
Answer:
The importance of Newton’s universal law of gravitation :
This law explains successfully, i.e., with great accuracy,

• The force that binds the objects on the earth to the earth
• The motion of the moon and artificial satellites around the earth
• The motion of the planets, asteroids, comets, etc., around the Sun
• The tides of the sea due to the moon and the Sun.

Question 9.
Compare the gravitational force on a body of mass 1 kg due to the earth with the force on the same body due to another body of mass 1 kg at a distance of 1 m from the first body. (Mass of the earth = 6 × 10²⁴ kg, radius of the earth = 6400 km)
Answer:
In the first case, m₁ = 1kg,
m2 = 6 × 10²⁴ kg and r = 6400 km = 6.4 × 10⁶ m
The gravitational force on the body.

= \(\frac{G \times 6 \times 10^{24} \mathrm{kg}^{2}}{(6.4)^{2} \times 10^{12} \mathrm{m}^{2}}\)
In second case, m₁ = 1 kg
m₂ = 1 kg and r = 1m
Gravitational force on the body,

Question 10.
Explain the term the earth’s gravitational force.
(OR)
Write a short note on the earth’s gravitational force.
Answer:
The earth attracts every object towards it because of the gravitational force. As the earth’s centre of mass is at its centre, the gravitational force exerted by the earth on an object is directed towards the earth’s centre. Hence, an object released from a point above the earth’s surface falls vertically downward towards the earth.

If an object is thrown vertically upward, its velocity goes on decreasing due to the earth’s gravitational force on the object. At one stage, the velocity of the body becomes zero and later the body falls back to the earth.

Question 11.
Take two balls of different masses, go to the top of a building, drop them simultaneously and observe what happens to the balls.
Answer:
The balls reach the ground almost at the same time.

Question 12.
Take two similar pages from your notebook. Crumple one paper and allow this and the other paper to fall on the ground simultaneously. What do you observe?
Answer:
The crumpled paper reaches the ground before the other one.

Question 13.
Take a feather and a paper. Allow them to fall to the ground simultaneously. Which will reach the ground earlier? Why?
Answer:
There is no unique answer. It depends on the feather and paper. Upthrust due to air and force due to friction with air play very important roles here. The acceleration of a body depends on the resultant of the earth’s gravitational force on the body and the upthrust and the force of friction due to air.

Question 14.
From Newton’s law of gravitation, derive the formula for the acceleration due to gravity.
Answer:
Suppose that a body of mass m is released from a distance r from the centre (O) of the earth (Fig. 1.9). Let M be the mass of the earth. According to Newton’s law of gravitation, the magnitude of the earth’s gravitational force acting on the body Is
F = G\(\frac{M m}{r^{2}}\)
where G is the universal constant of gravitation.

The acceleration produced by this force, force F

This is the formula for the acceleration due to gravity or the gravitational acceleration due to the earth. This acceleration is directed towards the earth’s centre.

If h denotes the altitude, r = R + h, where R is the radius of the earth.
∴ g = \(\frac{G M}{(R+h)^{2}}\)
For a body on the earth’s surface, h = 0 ∴ g = \(\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\)
[Note: When we consider the gravitational interaction between the earth and a body on the surface of the earth or at some height above the surface of the earth, for many practical purposes we can assume that the earth behaves as if its mass were concentrated at the earth’s centre. The proof is not expected here.]

Question 15.
Explain the factors affecting the value of g.
Answer:
The value of the acceleration due to gravity, g, changes from place to place on the earth. It also varies with the altitude and depth below the earth’s surface. The factors affecting the’ value of g are the shape of the earth, altitude and depth below the earth’s surface.

(1) The earth is not perfectly spherical. It is somewhat flat at the poles and bulging at the equator. At the surface of the earth, the value of g is maximum (9.832 m/s²) at the poles as the polar radius is minimum, while it is minimum (9.78 m/s²) at the equator as the equatorial radius is maximum.

(2) As the height (h) above the earth’s surface increases, the value of g decreases. It varies as \(\frac{1}{(R+h)^{2}}\), where R is radius of the earth.

(3) In the interior of the earth, on average, the value of g is less than that at the earth’s surface. As the depth below the earth’s surface increases, the value of g decreases and finally it becomes zero at the centre of the earth.

Question 16.
If g = GM/r², then where will the value^ of g be high, at Goa Beach or on the top of the Mount Everest? (Practice Activity Sheet – 3)
Answer:
The value of g will be high at Goa Beach.

Question 17.
Why does an object released from the hand, fall on the earth?
Answer:
When an object is held in the hand, the gravitational force acting on the object due to the earth is balanced by the person holding the object. When the object is released from the hand, it falls on the earth due to the earth’s gravitational force.

Question 18.
Does the value of g depend on the mass of the falling body? Why?
Answer:
The value of g does not depend on the mass of the falling body.
The reason is the gravitational force on a body due to the earth is directly proportional to the mass of the body and for a given force, the acceleration of a body is inversely proportional to the mass of the body.

Question 19.
Define mass. State its SI and CGS units.
Answer:
The mass of a body is the amount of matter present in it. Its SI unit is the kilogram (kg) and CGS unit is the gram (g).
[Note: Mass has only magnitude, not direction. Thus, it is a scalar quantity.]

Question 20.
Define weight. State its SI and CGS units.
Answer:
The weight of a body is defined as the force with which the earth attracts it. Its SI unit is the newton and CGS unit is the dyne.

[Note : In the usual notation, the magnitude of the weight of a body on the earth s surface is W = \(\frac{G m M}{R^{2}}\) = \(m\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\) = mg. Thus, W ∝ g. Hence, weight varies just like the acceleration due to gravity. It is maximum at the poles and minimum at the equator. It decreases with altitude (ft) and depth (d) below the earth’s surface. It becomes zero at the earth’s centre. At a height above the earth’s surface, W = \(\frac{G m M}{(R+h)^{2}}\) at a depth d below the earth’s surface, W = \(\frac{G m M(R-d)}{R^{3}}\). Weight has magnitude and direction (towards the earth’s centre). It is a vector quantity.]

Question 21.
As per the request of one of his friends from the equator, Rahul buys 100 grams of silver at the north pole. He hands it over to his friend at the equator. Will the friend agree with the weight of the silver bought? If not, why?
Answer:
The weight of a body is given by W = mg, where m is the mass of the body and g is the acceleration due to gravity, g varies from place to place. The value of g at the equator is less than that at the north pole (as well as the south pole). Hence, the weight of the silver bought at the north pole would be less when the silver is weighed at the equator. Therefore, Rahul’s friend will disagree about the weight of the silver.
[Note: The mass being independent of the value of g, Rahul’s friends will agree about the mass of the silver.]

Question 22.
What is the difference between mass and weight of an object? Will the mass and weight of an object on the earth be the same as their values on Mars? Why?
Answer:
The mass of an object is the amount of matter present in it. It is same everywhere in the Universe and is never zero. It is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is kg. The weight of an object is the force with which the earth (or any other planet/ moon/star) attracts it. It is directed towards the centre of the earth. The weight of an object is different at different places on the earth. It is zero at the earth’s centre. It is a vector quantity and its SI unit is the newton (N). The magnitude of weight = mg.

The mass of an object will be the same on the earth and Mars, but the weight will not be the same because the value of g on Mars is different from that on the earth.

Question 23.
Explain the term free fall and state the corresponding kinematical equations of motion in the usual notation.
Answer:
When a body falls in air, there are three forces acting on the body : (1) the gravitational force due to the earth, acting downward (2) the force of buoyancy (upthrust) due to air, acting upward I (3) the force due to friction with air (called air resistance), acting upward (being always in the direction opposite to that of the velocity of the body).

Under certain conditions, the force of buoyancy due to air and friction with air can be ignored compared to the gravitational force of the earth. In that case (near the earth’s surface) the body falls with almost uniform acceleration (g). Whenever a body moves under the influence of the force of gravity alone, it is said to be falling freely. Strictly speaking, this is true only if the body falls in vacuum.

The kinematical equations of motion, in the usual i notation, are
v = u + gt, s = ut + \(\frac{1}{2}\) gt² and v² = u² + 2gs.
If the initial velocity (u) of the body is zero,
v = gt, s = \(\frac{1}{2}\)gt² and v² = 2 gs.

Question 24.
During a free fall, will a heavier object accelerate more than a lighter one?
Answer:
No. The two objects will have the same acceleration.

Question 25.
If you had to calculate the mass of the earth, how would you do it?
Answer:
If the acceleration due to gravity (g), the constant of gravitation (G) and the radius of the earth (R) are known, the mass of the earth (M) can be calculated using the formula g = \(\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\)

Question 26.
What is gravitational potential energy?
(OR)
Define gravitational potential energy.
Write the formula for it.
Answer:
The energy stored in a body due to the gravitational force between the body and the earth is called the gravitational potential energy.

Gravitational potential energy of a body of mass m = \(-\frac{G M m}{R+h}\), where G = gravitational constant, M = mass of the earth, R = radius of the earth, h = height of the body from the surface of the earth.

[Note : As the body is bound to the earth due to the earth’s gravitational froce, the gravitational potential energy of the body is negative. If the body is given kinetic energy equal to \(\frac{G M m}{R+h}\) the body will overcome the earth’s gravitational force. It will then move to infinity and come to rest there.]

Question 27.
What is escape Velocity?
(OR)
Define escape velocity.
Answer:
When a body is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth, the minimum initial velocity of the body for which the body is able to overcome the downward pull by the earth and can escape the earth forever is called the escape velocity.

Question 28.
Explain the term escape velocity.
(OR)
Write a short note on escape velocity.
Answer:
In general, when a body is thrown vertically upward from the earth’s surface, its velocity goes on decreasing and after some time the body falls back to the ground. If its initial velocity is increased, the maximum height attained by it is more, but it does fall back to the ground. If the initial velocity is increased continuously, for a particular initial velocity, the body can overcome the earth’s gravitational force and move to infinity and come to rest there. This velocity is called the escape velocity.

Question 29.
Using the law of conservation of energy, obtain the expression for the escape velocity.
Answer:
Here, we shall not consider the effects of air. Suppose a body of mass m is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth. Let the initial velocity of the body be the escape velocity (v_sec).

When the body is on the earth’s surface, its total energy Ex = kinetic energy + potential energy = \(\frac{1}{2} m v^{2} \text { esc }\) + \(\left(-\frac{G m M}{R}\right)\) where G = universal gravitational constant, M = mass of the earth and R = radius of the earth.
Thus, E₁ = \(\frac{1}{2} m v_{\mathrm{esc}}^{2}-\frac{G m M}{R}\)
When the body moves to infinity and comes to rest there, its total energy,

According to the law of conservation of energy,
E₁ = E₂.

This is the required expression.

Question 30.
Express escape velocity in terms of g and R.
Answer:
Escape velocity, vesc = \(\sqrt{\frac{2 G M}{R}}\)
Now, g = \(\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\)
∴ GM = gR²

Question 31.
Express escape velocity in terms of G, R and ρ (the earth’s density)
Answer:

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
If a feather and a stone are released from the top of a building simultaneously, the stone reaches the ground earlier than the feather.
Answer:
(a) The motion of a body falling in air accelerated due to the earth’s gravitational force on the body. The force due to buoyancy of air acts on the body in the upward direction. As the body falls, the friction with air opposes its motion.

(b) This opposition due to air depends on the size, shape, density and velocity of the body. It Is greater for a feather than for a stone. Hence, the stone has greater downward acceleration than the feather. Therefore, the stone reaches the ground earlier than the feather though ‘they are released simultaneously from the same height.

Question 2.
The weight of a body is different on different planets.
Answer:
(1) The weight of a body of mass m on the surface of a planet of mass M and radius R is
W = \(\frac{G m M}{R^{2}}\) usuai notation).

(2) For a given body, its mass is constant. G is the universal constant of gravitation. Different planets have different masses and radii such that the ratio (M/R²) is not the same. Hence, the weight of a body is different on different planets.

Question 3.
With a specific initial velocity, we can jump higher on the moon than on the earth.
Answer:
The acceleration due to gravity on the moon is about \(\frac{1}{6}\) of that on the earth. Hence, with a specific initial velocity, we can jump higher on the moon than on the earth. This can be seen from the equation h = u²/2g.

Distinguish between the following:

Question 1.
mass and weight (2) universal gravitational constant and gravitational acceleration of the earth.
Answer:
(1) Mass:

• The mass of a body is the amount of matter present in it.
• It has magnitude, but not direction.
• It does not change from place to place.
• It can never be zero.
• Its SI unit is the kilogram.

Weight:

• The weight of a body is the force with which the earth attracts it.
• It has both magnitude and direction.
• It changes from place to place.
• It is zero at the centre of the earth.
• Its SI unit is the newton.

Question 2.
Universal gravitational constant:

• The universal gravitational constant numerically equals the force of attraction masses separated by a unit distance.
• Its value remains constant throughout the universe.
• It has magnitude but not direction.
• Its SI unit is N.m²/kg².

Gravitational acceleration of the earth:

• The gravitational between two unit acceleration of the earth is the acceleration produced in a body due to the gravitational force of the earth.
• Its value changes from place to place.
• It has both magnitude and direction.
• Its SI unit is m/s²

Solve the following examples/numerical problems:
(G 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg², g = 9.8 m/s²)

Question 1.
The time taken by the earth to complete one revolution around the Sun is 3.156 × 10⁷ s. The distance between the earth and the Sun is 1.5 × 10¹¹ m. Find the speed of revolution of the earth.
Solution:
Data : T = 3.156 × 107 s,
r = 1.5 × 10¹¹ m, v =?

= 2.987 × 10⁴ m/s = 29.87 km/s
This is the speed of revolution of the earth.

Question 2.
Assuming that the earth performs uniform circular motion around the Sun, flnd the centripetal acceleration of the earth. [Speed of the earth =3 × 10⁴ m/s, distance between the earth and the Sun = 1.5 × 10¹¹ m]
Solution:
Data: v = 3 × 10⁴ m/s, r=1.5 × 10¹¹ m
Centripetal force = \(\frac{m v^{2}}{r}\) = ma
∴ Centripetal acceleration of the earth,

= 6 × 10^-3 m/s²
It is directed towards the centre of the Sun.

Question 3.
What will be the gravitational force on 60 kg man on the Moon, Mars and Jupiter? Are they the same? Why?
M (Moon) = 7.36 × 10²² kg, R (Moon) = 1.74 × 10⁶m,
M (Mars) = 6.4 × 10²³ kg, R (Mars) = 3.395 × 10⁶ m,
M (Jupiter) = 1.9 × 10²⁷ kg.
R (Jupiter) = 7.15 × 10⁷ m,
G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m/kg²
Solution:
(1) Data : m₁ = 60 kg, m₂ = 7.36 × 10²² kg,
R = 1.74 × 10⁶ m, F = ?

= 97.29 N
On the moon’s surface, the gravitational force on the man due to the moon = 97.29 N.

(2) Data : m₁ = 60 kg, m₂ = 6.4 × 10²³ kg,
R = 3.395 × 10⁶m, F = ?

= 222.2 N
On the surface of Mars, the gravitational force on the man due to Mars = 222.2 N.

(3) Data : m₁ = 60 kg, m₂ = 1.9 × 10²⁷ kg,
R = 7.15 × 10⁷ m, F = ?

= 1487 N
On the surface of Jupiter, the gravitational force on the man due to Jupiter = 1487 N.

Thus, the forces on the man are not the same because the ratio (M/R²) is not the same in the case of the moon, Mars, and Jupiter.

Question 4.
Mahendra and Virat are sitting at a distance of 1 meter from each other. Their masses are 75 kg and 80 kg respectively. What is the gravitational force between them? G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg². (Practice Activity Sheet – 3)
Solution:
Given: r = 1 m,
m₁ = 75 kg,
m₂ = 80 kg
G = 6.67 × 10-11 N.m²/kg²

= 4.002 × 10^-7 N
The gravitational force between Mahendra and Virat is 4.002 × 10^-7 N.

Question 5.
Spheres A and B of uniform density have masses 1 kg and 100 kg respectively. Their centres are separated by 100 m. (i) Find the gravitational force between them, (ii) Find the gravitational force on A due to the earth, (iii) Suppose A and B are initially at rest and A can move freely towards B. What will be the velocity of A one second after it starts moving towards B? How will this velocity change with time? How much time will A take to move towards B by 1 cm? (iv) if A begins to fall, starting from rest, due to the earth’s downward pull, what will be its velocity after one second? How much time will it take to fall through 1cm?
[M_(earth) = 6 × 10²⁴ kg, R_(earth) = 6400 km]
Solution:Data: m₁ = 1 kg, m₂ = 100 kg, r = 100 m,
M =6 × 10²⁴ kg,
R = 64o0 km = 6400 × 10³ m,
t = 1 s, s = 1 cm = 1 × 10^-2 m,
G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m2/kg
F₁ =?, F₂ =?, v₁ =?, t₁ =?, v₂ =?, t₁ =?

This is far greater than F₁.
(iii) Ignoring variation of acceleration with distance,

This velocity is directed from A to B. As the separation between A and B decreases, the acceleration of A and hence the velocity of A will increase.

Ignoring variation of acceleration with distance,

Question 6.
Two spheres of uniform density have masses 10 kg and 40 kg. The distance between the centres of the spheres is 200 m. Find the gravitational force between them.
Solution:
Data: m₁ = 10 kg, m₂ = 40 kg,
r = 200 m, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg², F = ?

The gravitational force between the two spheres = 6.67 × 10^-13 N.

Question 7.
Find the gravitational force between a man of mass 50 kg and a car of mass 1500 kg separated by 10 m.
Solution: Data : m₁ = 50 kg, m₂ = 1500 kg,
r = 10 m, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg², F = ?

= 5.0025 × 10^-8 N
The gravitational force between the man and the car = 5.0025 × 10^-8 N.

Question 8.
Find the magnitude of the gravitational force between the Sun and the earth. (Mass of the Sun = 2 × 10²⁴ kg, mass of the earth=6 × 10²⁴ kg and the thstance between the centres of the Sun and the earth 1.5 × 10¹¹ m,
G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg²)
Solution:
Data: m₁ = 2 × 10³⁰ kg,
m₂ = 6 × 10²⁴ kg, r = 1.5 × 10¹¹ m,
G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg², F =?

∴ F = 3.557 × 10²² N
The magnitude of the gravitational force between the Sun and the earth = 3.557 × 10²² N.

Question 9.
Find the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the earth. (M= 6 × 10²⁴ kg, R = 6400 km)
Solution:
Data: M = 6 × 10²⁴ kg,
R = 6400km = 6.4 × 10⁶m,
G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg², g =?
g = \(\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\)

The magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the earth = 9.77 m/s².

Question 10.
The mass of an imaginary planet is 3 times the mass of the earth. Its diameter is 25600 km arid the earth’s diameter is 12800 km. Find the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the planet, [g (earth) = 9.8 m/s²]
Solution:
Data: \(\frac{M_{2}(\text { planet })}{M_{1}(\text { earth })}\) = 3
D₁ (earth) = 12800 km

g₁ (earth) = 9.5 m/s², g₂ (planet) = ?

The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the planet = 7.35 m/s².

Question 11.
If the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth is 9.8 m/s², what will be the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of a planet whose mass and radius both are two times the corresponding quantities for the earth?
Solution:
Data: g_e = 9.8 m/s², M_p = 2M_e,
Rp = 2R_e, g_p = ?
Acceleration due to gravity, g = \(\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\)

acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the planet = 4.9 m/s².

Question 12.
A body is released from the top of a building of height 19.6 m. Find the velocity with which the body hits the ground.
Solution:
Data: h = 19.6 m, u = 0 m/s,
g = 9.8 m/s², s = 19.6 m, v = ?
v² = u² + 2 gs .
=2 gs …..(as u = 0 m/s)
= 2 × 9.8 m/s² × 19.6 m
= (19.6 m/s)²
∴ v = 19.6 m/s (downward velocity)
The velocity with which the body hits the i ground = 19.6 m/s (downward).

Question 13.
A stone on a bridge on a river falls into the river. If it takes 3 seconds to reach the surface of water, find (i) the velocity of the stone at the instant it touches the surface of water (ii) the height of the bridge from the surface of water.
Solution:
Data: u = 0 m/s, t = 3 s,
g = 9.8 m/s², v = ?, h = ?
(i) v = u + gt = 0 m/s + 9.8 m/s² × 3 s
= 29.4 m/s
The velocity of the stone at the instant it touches the surface of water = 29.4 m/s

(ii) s = ut + \(\frac{1}{2}\)gt²
= 0 m/s × 3 s + \(\frac{1}{2}\) (9.8 m/s²) (3 s)²
= 4.9 × 9 m = 44.1 m
∴ The height of the bridge from the surface of water = 44.1 m.

Question 14.
A stone is dropped from rest from the top of a building 44.1 m high. It takes 3 s to reach the ground. Use this information to 1 calculate g.
Solution:
Data: u = 0 m/s, h = 44.1 m
∴ s = 44.1 m, t = 3 s, g =?

It is the acceleration due to gravity.
g = 9.8 m/s².

Question 15.
A metal ball of mass 5 kg falls from a height of 490 m. How much time will it take to reach the ground? (g = 9.8 m/s²) (March 2019)
Solution:
Data: s = 490 m, a = g = 9.8 m/s²,
u = 0 m/s, s = ut + \(\frac{1}{2}\)at²
∴ 490 = 0 × t + \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 9.8 × t² = 4.9t²
∴ t² = \(\frac{490}{4.9}\)
∴ t = 10 s This is the required time.

Question 16.
If the weight of a body on the surface of the moon is 100 N, what is its mass?  (g = 1.63 m/s²)
Solution:
Data: W= 100 N, g = 1.63 m/s², m = ?
∴ W = mg

∴ The mass of the body = 61.35 kg.

Question 17.
A 100 kg bag of wheat is placed on a plank of wood. What is the weight of the bag and what is the reaction force exerted by the plank?
Solution:
Data: m = 100 kg, g = 9.8 m/s²,
W = ?, reaction force = ?
Magnitude of the weight,
W = mg = 100 kg × 9.8 m/s² = 980 N
The weight of the bag = 980 N acting downward.
The reaction force exerted by the plank on the bag = 980 N acting upward.

Question 18.
Find the gravitational potential energy of a body of mass 10 kg when it is on the earth’s surface. [M(earth) = 6 × 1024 kg, it(earth) = 6.4 × 10⁶m, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N. m²/kg²]
Solution:
Data: m = 10 kg, M = 6 × 10²⁴ kg,
R = 6.4 × 10⁶ m, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg²
The gravitational potential energy of the body

Question 19.
If the body in Ex. (26) performs uniform circular motion around the earth at a height of 3600 km from the earth’s surface, what will be its gravitational potential energy?
Solution:
Here, h = 3600 km = 3.6 × 10⁶ m
∴ The gravitational potential energy of the body

Question 20.
A body of mass 20 kg is at rest on the earth’s surface, (i) Find its gravitational potential energy, (ii) Find the kinetic energy to be provided to the body to make it free from the gravitational influence of the earth. (g = 9.8 m/s², R = 6400 km)
Solution:
Data : m = 20 kg, g = 9.8 m/s²,
R = 6400 km = 6.4 × 10⁶ m
(i) The gravitational potential energy of the body =

= – 20 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 6.4 × 10⁶ m
= – 1.2544 × 10⁹ J.

(ii) To make the body free from the gravitational influence of the earth, it should be provided kinetic energy equal to 1.2544 × 10⁹ J.

Question 21.
If the body in Ex. (28) is moving at 100 m/s on-the earth’s surface, what will be its (i) kinetic energy (ii) total energy?
Solution:
Data : m = 20 kg, u = 100 m/s .
(i) The kinetic energy of the body
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)mv2 = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 20 kg × (100 m/s)² = 10⁵ J.

(ii) The total energy of the body = kinetic energy + potential energy = 10⁵ J + (- 1.2544 × 10⁹ J)
= (1 – 12544) × 10⁵ J = – 12543 × 10⁵ J
= – 1.2543 × 10⁹ J.

Question 22.
A satellite of mass 100 kg performs uniform circular motion around the earth at a height of 6400 km from the earth’s surface. Find its gravitational potential energy.  [g = 9.8 m/s², R = 6400 km]
Solution:
Data: m = 100 kg, g = 9.8 m/s²,
R = 6400 km = 6.4 × 10⁶ m, h = 6.4 × 10⁶ m
The gravitational potential energy of the satellite

Question 23.
Find the escape velocity of a body from the earth. [M(earth) = 6 × 10²⁴ kg, R (earth) = 6.4 × 10⁶ m, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/ kg²]
Solution:
Data: M = 6 × 10²⁴ kg, R = 6.4 × 10⁶ m,
G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg²
The escape velocity of a body from the earth,

Question 24.
Find the escape velocity of a body from the earth. [R (earth) = 6.4 × 10⁶ m, ρ(earth) = 5.52 × 10³ kg/m³, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg²]
Solution:
Data: R = 6.4 × 10⁶ m, ρ = 5.52 × 10³ kg/ m³, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg²
The escape velocity of a body from the earth

Question 25.
Calculate the escape velocity of a body from the moon. [g(moon) = 1.67 m/s², R(moon) = 1.74 × 10⁶ m]
Solution:
Data: g = 1.67 m/s², R = 1.74 × 10⁶ m
The escape velocity of a body from the moon,

Question 26.
The mass of (an imaginary) planet is four times that of the earth and its radius is double the rathus of the earth. The escape velocity of a body from the earth is 11.2 × 10³ mn/s. Find the escape velocity or a body from the planet.
Solution:
Data: M₂ = 4M₁, R₂ = 2R₁,

This is the escape velocity or a body from the planet.

Numerical Problems For Practice

[G = 6.67 × 1O^-11 N.m²/kg², mass or the earth =6 × 10²⁴ kg, radius or the earthe 6.4 × 10⁶ m]

Question 1.
A satellite of mass 1000 kg revolves around the earth in a circular path. If the distance between the satellite and the centre of the earth is 40000 km, find the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by the earth.
Answer:
250.1 N

Question 2.
The masses of two spheres are 10 kg and 20 kg respectively. If the distance between their centers is 100 m, find the magnitude of the gravitational force between them.
Answer:
1.334 × 10^-12 N)

Question 3.
A satellite revolves around the earth along a circular path. If the mass of the satellite is 1000 kg and its distance from the center of the earth is 20000 km, find the magnitude of the earth’s gravitational force acting on the satellite.
Answer:
1000.5

Question 4.
Find the acceleration due to gravity at a distance of 20000 km from the center of the earth.
Answer:
1.0 m/s²

Question 5.
What is the weight of a body of mass 100 kg at the south pole? (g = 9.832 m/s²)
Answer:
983.2 N (downward)

Question 6.
What is the weight of a body of mass 20 kg at the equator? (g = 9.78 m/s²)
Answer:
195.6 N (downward)

Question 7.
A body is released from the top of a tower of height 50 m. Find the velocity with which the body hits the ground, (g = 9.8 m/s²)
Answer:
31.3 m/s (downward)

Question 8.
A body is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 9.8 m/s. Calculate the maximum height attained by the body. (g = 9.8 m/s²)
Answer:
4.9 m

Question 9.
A particle of mass 10^-6 kg performs uniform circular motion. Its period is 10 s and the radius of the circle is 2 m. Find (i) the speed of the particle (ii) the centripetal acceleration of the particle (iii) the centripetal force on the particle.
Answer:
(i) 1.257 m/s
(ii) 0.79 m/s²
(iii) 7.9 × 10^-7 N

Question 10.
Find the gravitational potential energy of a body of mass 200 kg on the earth’s surface. [M(earth) = 6 × 10²⁴ kg, R(earth) = 6400 km]
Answer:
-1.251 × 10¹⁰J

Question 11.
Find the gravitational potential energy of a body of mass 10 kg when it is at a height of 6400 km from the earth’s surface.  [Given: a mass of the earth and radius of the earth. See Ex. 10 above.]
Answer:
-3.127 × 10⁸ J

Question 12.
Find the escape velocity of a body from the moon.
[M(moon) = 7.36 × 10²² kg, R(moon) = 1.74 × 10⁶ m]
Answer:
2.375 km/s

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 2.2 Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.2 Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Chapter 2.2 Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

• What is your favourite school subject?
• Which subject do you find the most difficult?
• What do you do to try to understand it better?
• Can I help you to ……….. ?
• Can you help me to ………………. ?

1. Discuss the challenges that people have to face due to disabilities.
What provisions should be made in public places so that everyone gets the same access to public facilities?
Observe your surroundings and write whether such facilities are available. How can you help to improve the situation?

Question 1.
Discuss the challenges that people have to face due to disabilities :
Answer:

• Unfriendly public places –
• abused – exploited – excluded
• inferiority complex

Question 2.
What provisions should be made in public places so that everyone gets the same access to public facilities?
Answer:

1. Suitably altering buses, airplanes, train compartments to make them accessible to persons with disabilities.
2. Making necessary curbs, cuts and slopes in pavement for wheelchair users.
3. Providing ramps at all public places.
4. Engraving edges of railway platforms for the benefits of the visually impaired.

Question 3.
Observe your surroundings and write whether such facilities are available. How can you help to improve the situation?
Answer:

English Workshop:

1. Say whether the following sentences are true or false:

Question 1.
Say whether the following sentences are true or false:
(a) The most important day in Helen Keller’s life was when her teacher came to her.
(b) When young Helen stretched out her hand, her mother took it.
(c) Young Helen learnt to spell many words without understanding them.
(d) One day, young Helen understood that everything has a name.
(e) Young Helen did not try to put the pieces of the doll together.
(f) Young Helen felt sorry that she had broken the doll.
Answer:
(a) The most important day in Helen Keller’s life was when her teacher came to her. – True
(b) When young Helen stretched out her hand, her mother took it. – False
(c) Young Helen learnt to spell many words without understanding them. – True
(d) One day young Helen understood that everything has a name. – True
(e) Young Helen did not try to put the pieces of doll together. – True
(f) Young Helen felt sorry that she had broken the doll. – False

2. Listen carefully and classify the following into ‘one’ and ‘many’.
day, contrasts, teacher, lives, months, years, afternoon, porch, signs, face, fingers, leaves, blossoms, anger, bitterness, weeks, struggle, ship, darkness

Question 1.
Listen carefully and classify the following into ‘one’ and ‘many’.
day, contrasts, teacher, lives, months, years, afternoon, porch, signs, face, fingers, leaves, blossoms, anger, bitterness, weeks, struggle, ship, darkness

Answer:

one	many
day, teacher, afternoon, porch, face, anger, bitterness, struggle, ship, darkness	contrast, lives, months, years, signs, fingers, leaves, blossoms, weeks.

3. This narrative is written in the first person – using ‘I’. Rewrite the following sentences using ‘Helen Keller/Young Helen’ appropriately in place of ‘I’ and making other neccessary changes in the sentences

Question a.
I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me.
Answer:
Young Helen did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for her.

Question b.
The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll.
Answer:
The morning after Helen Keller’s teacher came, she led her into her room and gave her a doll.

Question c.
On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken.
Answer:
On entering the door, young Helen remembered the doll she had broken.

Question d.
Then my eyes filled with tears for I realised l what I had done, and for the first time I felt repentance and sorrow.
Answer:
Then young Helen’s eyes filled with tears: for she realised what she had done, and for the first time she felt repentance and sorrow.

4. Read the following sentences and frame at least two relevant questions on each.
(a) I was like that ship before my education began.
Questions with ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘when’.
Example: Who was like that ship before her education began?)
(b) One day I was playing with the new doll.
(c) I learnt a great many new words that day.
(d) She brought my hat.
(e) We walked down the path to the well-house.
(f) That living word awakened my soul.

Question b.
One day I was playing with the new doll.
Answer:
(i) When was I playing with the new doll?
(ii) What was I doing one day?

Question c.
I learnt a great many words that day.
Answer:
(i) What did I learn that day?
(ii) Who learnt many words that day?

Question d.
She brought my hat.
Answer:
(i) What did she bring?
(ii) Who brought my hat?

Question e.
We walked down the path to the well-house.
Answer:
(i) Where did we walk down?
(ii) Who walked down the path to the well- house?

Question f.
That living word awakened my soul.
Answer:
(i) What awakened my soul?
(ii) What did that living word awaken?

5. Write about your own experience. Do you remember an occasion when you did something successfully for the first time? Write about it in short (10-12 lines). Prepare an outline of your composition before you write it.

Question 1.
Write about your own experience. Do you remember an occasion when you did something successfully for the first time? Write about it in short (10-12 lines). Prepare an outline of your composition before you write it.
Answer:
The occasion when I was successful
When our teacher gave us an assignment to write a poem on nature, it was quite a difficult job for me. I tried my level best to arrange some words but I could not do it successfully. Then I took the help of my brother. He guided me how to do it. As per his guidance I collected some words related to nature. Then I tried to weave the words in lines. I tried to match the rhymes also.

Somewhere it was quite easy, whereas somewhere it was a difficult job for me. At last, after a lot of efforts and trials, I was successful to write a poem based on ‘Nature’. It gave me immense pleasure and joy. When I read it in the class, I got good praise and applause from the teacher as well as from my classmates. It was really a memorable occasion for me.

6. Gather more information about the following:

Question a.
Different types of impairment that limit a person’s activity or make it difficult for him/her to mix with others in society.
Answer:
Different types of impairment that limit a person’s activity.

• Visual impairment
• Hearing impairment
• impairment of speech production
• impairment of language comprehension
• Intellectual impairment
• Reading impairment

Question b.
How modern technology can be used to overcome these problems.
Answer:
Modern technology has been playing an important role in our day-to-day life. But it is more useful for the disabled people than the common man in the society. It facilitates as per the requirement of the person. It will be a boon for them. Devices like Captioned Television, Live Speech Captioning, Telecommunication Devices for the Deaf are useful for Hearing impairments. In the same way, other devices based on modern technology are also available for other impairments.

7. Complete the following sentences using your own ideas:
(a) The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which ………… .
(b) I did not know what ………… .
(c) One day. while I was playing ………… .
(d) I realised what ………… .
(e) I do not remember what ………… .

Question a.
The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which ………… .
Answer:
The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which I was saved in a horrible accident when I was learning to ride bike. I lost my control and dashed the car in front of me. I fell down with bike on my legs. The people around came and lifted the bike and I was rescused.

Question b.
I did not know what ………… .
Answer:
I did not know what to do at that situation.

Question c.
One day. while I was playing, ………… .
Answer:
One day, while I was playing, I got fracture in my leg.

Question d.
I realised what ………… .
Answer:
I realised what I was doing was wrong.

Question e.
I do not remember what ………… .
Answer:
I do not remember what exactly I did at that moment.

Language study:

7. Find three examples of the following from the passage.
(a) articles
(b) compound words
(c) present participles
(d) past participles

Question 1.
Find three examples of the following from the passage.
(a) articles
(b) compound words
(c) present participles
(d) past participles.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 2.2 Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passage and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Say whether the following statements are True or False:
(Answers are given directly.)
Answer:

1. Anne Mansfield Sullivan was Helen Keller’s mother. – False
2. The author compares herself to the great ship that groped her way towards the shore. – False
3. The writer was standing on the porch dumb and expectant on that eventful day. – True
4. Helen’s eyes filled with tears when she realised what she had done. – True

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks and complete the following sentences: (Answers are directly given.)

1. The writer was interested in finger play so she tried to imitate.
2. When young Helen succeeded in making the letters correctly, she was flushed with childish pleasure and pride.
3. Earlier in the day Helen and Miss Sullivan had a tussle over the words mug and water.
4. When Miss Sullivan brought Helen’s hat, she realised that she was going out into the warm sunshine.

Question 3.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given.)
1. The writer and her teacher were attracted by the fragrance of the honeysuckle with which the well house was covered.
2. As the cool stream gushed over Helen’s hand, she realised that water meant the wonderful cool something that was flowing over her hand.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
The author refers to two contrasting emotions, what are they?
Answer:

1. The first is when her teacher Anne Sullivan came in her life and she was filled with wonder.
2. On the afternoon of that eventful day she guessed vaguely from her mother’s signs and guessed something unusual was about to happen.

Question 2.
Match the following:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
1. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle …	(a) when she considered the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives.
2. The writer was filled with wonder …	(b) how near the harbour she was.
3. The familiar leaves and blossoms came forth …	(c) and fell on the writer’s upturned face.
4. The writer was like compass or sounding-line and no way of knowing…	(d) to greet the sweet southern spring.

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
1. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle …	(c) and fell on the writer’s upturned face.
2. The writer was filled with wonder …	(a) when she considered the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives.
3. The familiar leaves and blossoms came forth …	(d) to greet the sweet southern spring.
4. The writer was like compass or sounding-line and no way of knowing…	(b) how near the harbour she was.

Question 3.
What did young Helen’s teacher do when they first met?
Answer:
When Helen met her teacher for the first time, she caught Helen’s hand and held her close in her arms.

Question 4.
What were Helen’s reactions when she succeeded in making letters correctly?
Answer:
When Helen succeeded in making the letters correctly, she was flushed with childish pleasure and pride. She ran downstairs and held up her mother’s hand and made the letters for doll. She was simply making her fingers go in monkey-like imitation.

Question 5.
Arrange the following sentences in chronological order:
1. Helen learnt many words without understanding them.
2. Helen learnt the word ‘doll’ by imitation from her teacher for the very first time.
3. She realized that everything has a name.
4. When she was successful in making the letters of ‘doll’, she showed it to her mother.
Answer:
2. Helen learnt the word ‘doll’ by imitation from her teacher for the very first time.
4. When she was successful in making the letters of ‘doll’, she showed it to her mother.
1. Helen learnt many words without understanding them.
3. She realized that everything has a name.

Question 6.
What were the barriers? How could they be swept away?
Answer:
When the writer realised that every object had a name, each name gave birth to a new thought. Every object that she touched seemed to quiver with life as everything was strange and new to her. As every living word could give her new experience but some of them couldn’t. By trying to touch every living object she could name it. But she could not do it with objects that were invisible. ’

Question 7.
Why did young Helen feel repentance and sorrow?
Answer:
When young Helen broke her new doll into pieces, she had no idea that every part of it had a name. But when she realized that every object that existed has a name, she saw everything with a strange, new sight. When she remembered her broken doll she felt repentance and sorrow for what she had done.

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Guess the meaning of:
Answer:

1. immeasurable contrasts – a vast difference
2. eventful day – the day full of events/activities
3. upturned – directed upward
4. unconsciously – without realizing
5. white darkness – It is symbolic to her condition (she was quite close to her destiny without being able to know it.)

Question 2.
Find out antonyms for the following from the extract. (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. shrinked × stretched
2. died/ceased × existed
3. pain × pleasure
4. dully × keenly.

Question 3.
Pick out 4 infinitives from the extract:
Answer:

1. to reveal
2. to imitate
3. to impress
4. to love.

Question 4.
Classify the following words in the given columns:
fragrance, attract, stream, learn, hearth, enter, sorrow, realise
Answer:

Nouns	Verbs
fragrance, stream, hearth, sorrow	attract, learn, enter, realise

Question 5.
Find out four compound words from the lesson:
Answer:

1. honeysuckle
2. sounding-line
3. everything
4. well-house.

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Question 1.
Add a tail tag to the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given.)

1. She did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for her, did she?
2. Helen was like that ship before her education began, wasn’t she?
3. Helen had no way of knowing how near the harbour was, had she?
4. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle, didn’t it?

Rewrite the sentences by using ‘As soon as’:

Question 1.
On entering the door, I remembered the doll I had broken.
Answer:
As soon as I entered the door, I remembered the doll I had broken.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What is the difference between wordless sensation and thought?
Answer:
Sensation is a physical feeling or perception resulting from something that happens to or comes into contact with the body. It is the ability to feel something physically and express without using words.

Thought is an idea or opinion produced by thinking or occurring suddenly in the mind. Sensation is different from thought. Thoughts are generated centrally in the brain and sensations occur at different places.

Question 2.
How can modern technology be used to overcome impairments?
Answer:
Technology has created a revolution in the life of disabled learners.
a. Disabled students have an adequate educational opportunities but application of computer based technology has created a sea of changes in available options for disabled students.

b. Computer programs have been designed to make it easier for disabled students to access material, communicate their ideas and work and participate in educational experiences.

Question 3.
Why should we help disabled people?
Answer:
We should help disabled people because though no fault of their own, they are in a situation where they require more assistance. If we help them wherever they want our help, they can boost their confidence to get success in their life. We are human and we are supposed to have empathy. So it is our duty to assist them wherever they want.

Activities Based on Language study

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

1. w _ i c h
2. h o u _ e
3. g _ e e t
4. a _ g e r

Answer:

1. w h i c h
2. h o u s e
3. g r e e t
4. a n g e r.

Question 2.
Copy the following sentences in your notebook:
Answer:
1. “Light! give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul.
2. Those words that were to make the world blossom for me ‘like Aaron’s rod, with flower.’

Question 3.
Put the following words in alphabetical order :
1. porch, dumb, expectant, blossom.
2. interested, imitate, impress, impatient.
Answer:
1. blossom, dumb, expectant, porch.
2. imitate, impatient, impress, interested.

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences :
1. why dont you try to understand my situation ruta said her father
2. the tourist exclaimed what a beautiful place kashmir is
Answer:
1. “Why don’t you try to understand my situation Ruta?” said her father.
2. The tourist exclaimed, “What a beautiful place Kashmir is!”

Question 5.
Write four small words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the given f word:
“immeasurable”
Answer:

1. sure
2. measure
3. ease
4. able.

Question 6.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences:
1. My father have been working in a bank from last 20 years.
2. Yesterday I will see him while going to office.
Answer:
1. My father has been working in a bank from last 20 years.
2. Yesterday I saw him while going to office.

Question 7.
Write related words as shown in the example
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 8.
Complete the following word-chain of adjectives. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:
white → …………… → ……………… → ………………. → …………….. .
Answer:
white → enormous → sacred → decent → tired.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Make your own meaningful sentence by using the phrase ‘to be able to’.
Answer:
I was not able to complete my paper in given time.

Question 2.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words and use any one of the root words in your own sentence:
Answer:
1. unusual
2. conscious
Sentence: He was late as usual.

Oral Work:

Question 1.
What is the difference between finger play, spelling a word mechanically and writing a meaningful word?

Question 2.
Read aloud the paragraph ‘We walked down… be swept away’ using proper intonation.