Class 6

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 9 Ancient Kingdoms of the South Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 9 Ancient Kingdoms of the South

Class 6 History Chapter 9 Ancient Kingdoms of the South Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Can you tell ?

Question 1.
Whose name did the Satavahana kings write before their own?
Answer:
Jhe Satavahana kings were known to follow the custom of writing their mother’s name before their own.

Question 2.
The ancient name of Kolhapur.
Answer:
The ancient name of Kolhapur was ‘Kuntal’.

2. Complete the table by reading the map in the lesson:

Answer:

3. Tabulate the following names as dynasties and their capitals:
Satavahana, Pandya, Chalukya,Vakataka, Pallava, Madurai, Pratishthan, Kanchipuram, Vatapi
Answer:

4. Observe any three picture in the lesson and write in your own words what you learn from them:
Answer:
The Kailas Temple:

The Kailas temple at Ellora in Maharashtra was carved out during the reign of Krishna Raja I. This temple is the largest rock-cut monolithic ancient Hindu temple. This temple gets its name Kailas as it symbolizes mount Kailas, the home of Lord Shiva.

A Satavahana coin:

Indian trade was at its zenith during the Satavahana period. Indian goods were exported to western countries and even as far as Rome. Trade took place by sea and this fact is known through coins which have the image of a ship carved on it.

The Ratha or chariot temples:

The rathas or shrines shaped as temple chariot are hewn from the granite rock. They are a perfect example of monilithic rock-cut architecture of the Pallava dynasty. These group monuments at Mahabalipuram has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

5. Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Name the ancient dynasties of Southern India.
Answer:
The Cher, Pandya and Chola dynasty were the ancient dynasties of Southern India.

Question 2.
After the decline of the Mauryan Empire which local kings became independent?
Answer:
After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, the local kings in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka became independent.

6. Anwer in brief:

Question 1.
Write about the achievements of Mahendra Varman.
Answer:

• Mahendra Varman was an able Pallava ruler.
• He expanded the Pallava kingdom.
• He was also a playwright.

Question 2.
What is meant by Tri-samudra-toya-peet- vahnah?
Answer:
Tri-samudra-toya-peet-vahnah means ‘one whose houses have drunk the water of three seas’. It simply means to describe the one whose kingdom is so vast that it extends to the three seas, i.e. Arabian sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean.

Question 3.
What goods were exported from the Muziris port?
Answer:
Goods like spices, pearls, precious stones were exported from the Muziris port.

Activity:

Make a collection of the pictures in the chapter and display them in the school exhibition

Class 6 History Chapter 9 Ancient Kingdoms of the South Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
Muziris is mentioned as an important port on the coast of _______.
(a) Kerala
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Chennai
Answer:
(a) Kerala

Question 2.
Muziris port was in the ______ Kingdom and was a major centre for export.
(a) Chola
(b) Pandya
(c) Cher
Answer:
(c) Cher

Question 3.
The Pandya kingdom was a part of today’s ______.
(a) Karnataka
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Maharashtra
Answer:
(b) Tamil Nadu

Question 4.
The capital of the Pandya kingdom was ______.
(a) Kodaikanal
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Madurai
Answer:
(c) Madurai

Question 5.
After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, the local kings in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh Karnataka also became _____.
(a) independent
(b) dependent
(c) republic
Answer:
(a) independent

Question 6.
Pratishthan or the present day Paithan in ______ was the capital of Satvahana Dynasty.
(a) Delhi
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Andhra Pradesh
Answer:
(b) Maharashtra

Question 7.
King Simuk was the founder of the _______ dynasty.
(a) Satavahana
(b) Vakataka
(c) Chalukya
Answer:
(a) Satavahana

Question 8.
The inscription in the _______ caves near Junnar in Pune district bear the names of the important persons of this dynasty.
(a) Kanheri
(b) Kolhapur
(c) Naneghat
Answer:
(c) Naneghat

Question 9.
Of the ________ Kings, Gautamiputra Satakarni is particularly well known.
(a) Chalukya
(b) Satavahana
(c) Vakataka
Answer:
(a) Chalukya

Question 10.
Satakarni defeated the _________ king Nahpana.
(a) Shaka
(b) Cher
(c) Paithan
Answer:
(a) Shaka

Question 11.
The famous poetic work Gatha-Saptashati in Maharashtri, was ________ by the Satavahana king Hala.
(a) composed
(b) edited
(c) sung
Answer:
(a) composed

Question 12.
Indian trade ________ greatly during the Satavahana period.
(a) decreased
(b) increased
(c) receded
Answer:
(b) increased

Question 13.
Paithan, Ter, Bhokardan, Kolhapur were recognised as important centres of ________.
(a) music
(b) culture
(c) trade
Answer:
(c) trade

Question 14.
Indian goods were exported as far away as ________.
(a) America
(b) Rome
(c) Sri Lanka
Answer:
(b) Rome

Question 15.
The cave sculptures at Ajanta, Nashik, Karla, Bhaje, Kanheri, Junnar in Maharashtra were carved during the ______ period.
(a) Satavahana
(b) Vakataka
(c) Cher
Answer:
(a) Satavahana

Question 16.
The power of the Satavahanas began to _______ by the third century CE.
(a) strengthen
(b) weaken
(c) flourish
Answer:
(b) weaken

Question 17.
Among the dynasties that emerged after the Satavahana period was the Vakataka, a _______ dynasty.
(a) powerful
(b) varied
(c) dynamic
Answer:
(a) powerful

Question 18.
The Vakataka dynasty was founded by _____.
(a) King Pravarsen
(b) King Pulakeshi
(c) King Vindhyashakti
Answer:
(c) King Vindhyashakti

Question 19.
King Vindhyashakti was ______ by Pravarsen I.
(a) succeeded
(b) finalised
(c) demoralised
Answer:
(a) succeeded

Question 20.
Chandragupta II had married his daughter Prabhavati to _________, the Vakataka king.
(a) Dantidurg
(b) Setubandh
(c) Rudrasen II
Answer:
(c) Rudrasen II

Question 21.
Varahdev, a minister of the Vakataka king Harishen, was a follower of _______.
(a) Judaism
(b) Buddhism
(c) Elinduism
Answer:
(b) Buddhism

Question 22.
Kalidasa’s ______ also belongs to the Vakataka period.
(a) Meghadoot
(b) Setubandh
(c) Saptashati
Answer:
(a) Meghadoot

Question 23.
The Chalukya dynasty in _____ was a powerful one.
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) Karnataka
(c) Nepal
Answer:
(b) Karnataka

Question 24.
Pulakeshi I established the rule of the Chalukya Ancient Kingdoms of the South dynasty in the _______ century CE.
(a) fourth
(b) fifth
(c) sixth
Answer:
(c) sixth

Question 25.
The famous temples at Badami, Aihole and Pattadakal were built during the _______ period,
(a) Vakataka
(b) Satavahana
(c) Chalukya
Answer:
(c) Chalukya

Question 26.
The Pallavas were also powerful dynasty in ______ India.
(a) South
(b) North
(c) East
Answer:
(a) South

Question 27.
_______ in Tamil Nadu was the capital of the Pallava dynasty.
(a) Mahabalipuram
(b) Kanchipuram
(c) Ellora
Answer:
(b) Kanchipuram

Question 28.
Mahendra Varman was an able _______ ruler.
(a) Chalukya
(b) Pallava
(c) Vakataka
Answer:
(b) Pallava

Question 29.
The famous ‘ratha’ temples of ________ were sculpted during the reign of Mahendra Varman.
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Kaniyakumari
(c) Mahabalipuram
Answer:
(c) Mahabalipuram

Question 30.
The Pallavas had a powerful and well equipped ______.
(a) army
(b) navy
(c) airforce
Answer:
(b) navy

Question 31.
The Rashtrakuta dynasty was first established in ______ by king Dantidurg.
(a) Mahabalipuram
(b) Nepal
(c) Maharashtra
Answer:
(c) Maharashtra

Question 32.
Krishna Raja I had the famous Kailas temple carved at _______.
(a) Ellora
(b) Ajanta
(c) Kanheri
Answer:
(a) Ellora

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Name the ancient dynasties of Southern India.
Answer:
The Cher, Pandya and Chola dynasty were the ancient dynasties of Southern India.

Question 2.
Which ancient port is mentioned as an important port?
Answer:
‘Muziris, is mentioned as an important port on the coast of Kerala.

Question 3.
What was the capital of the Paridya kingdom?
Answer:
The capital of the Pandya kingdom was Madurai.

Question 4.
What was the capital of the Satavahana dynasty?
Answer:
Pratishthan or the preseht day Paithan in Maharashtra was the capital of the Satavahana dynasty.

Question 5.
Who was the founder of the Satavahana dynasty?
Answer:
iCing Simuk was the founder of the Satavahana dynasty.

Question 6.
Which custom did the Satavahana kings follow?
Answer:
The Satavahana kings were known to follow the custom of writing their mother’s name before their own.

Question 7.
Name a popular Satavahana king.
Answer:
Gautamiputra Satakarni was a very well known Satavahana king.

Question 8.
What title was given to Gautamiputra Satakarni?
Answer:
Gautamiputra Satakarni was awarded the title Tri-samudra-toya-peet-vahan’.

Question 9.
Give the extent of the Satavahana empire.
Answer:
The Satavahana empire extended from the river Narmada in the north to the Tunga- bhadra river in the south.

Question 10.
Name the trade centres of the Satavahana period.
Answer:
Paithan, Ter, Bhokardan, Kolhapur were recognised as important trade centres of the Satavahana period.

Question 11.
Which caves were sculpted during the Satavahana period?
Answer:
The Caves at Ajanta, Nashik, Karla, Bhaje, Kanheri, Junnar in Maharashtra were carved during the Satavahana period.

Question 12.
Which dynasty emerged after the Satavahan dynasty?
Answer:
The Vakataka dynasty emerged after the Satavahana dynasty.

Question 13.
Who founded the Vakataka dynasty?
Answer:
The Vakataka dynasty was founded by king Vindhyashakti.

Question 14.
What did the Vakataka king, Pravarsen II compose?
Answer:
The Vakataka king Pravarsen II composed ‘Setubandh’ in Maharashtra.

Question 15.
What was the name of Kalidasa’s literature?
Answer:
Kalidasa’s literature was ‘Meghdoot’.

Question 16.
Which powerful dynasty was from Karnataka?
Answer:
The Chalukya dynasty was a powerful dynasty from Karnataka.

Question 17.
Name the capital of the Chalukya dynasty.
Answer:
Badami or Vatapi was the capital of the Chalukya dynasty.

Question 18.
Name the temples built during the Chalukya period.
Answer:
The famous temples at Badami, Aihole and Pattadakal were built during the Chalukya period.

Question 19.
Which powerful dynasty existed in South India?
Answer:
The Pallavas were a powerful dynasty in South India.

Question 20.
Name the capital of the Pallava Kingdom.
Answer:
Kanchipuram in Tamil Nadu was the capital of the Pallava kingdom.

Question 21.
What is characteristic of the ‘ratha’ temples?
Answer:
The ‘ratha’ temples of Mahabalipuram are characteristic to have been sculpted from a single rock.

Question 22.
Write Yuan Chwang’s opinion about the Pallava kings.
Answer:
Yuan Chwang visited Kanchi and recorded that people of all religions received tolerant and just treatment under the rule of the Pallava kings.

Question 23.
Who was the founder of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty?
Answer:
King Dantidurg was the founder of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty.

Question 24.
Who sculpted the Kailas temple at Ellora?
Answer:
Krishna Raja I had the famous Kailas temple carved at Ellora.

Answer in brief:

Question 1.
Describe the work of literature by king Hala.
Answer:
The Satavahana king Hala composed the famous poetic work Gatha-Saptashati in Maharashtrin a Prakrit language.
This work provides information about the life of the people during the Satavahana period.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 11 Ancient India and the World Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 11 Ancient India and the World

Class 6 History Chapter 11 Ancient India and the World Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Name the following:

Question 1.
Places where articles made in Rome were found.
Answer:
Kolhapur and Arikamedu in Tamil Nadu.

Question 2.
A new style of art emerged during the Kushana period in India.
Answer:
Gandhara style of art.

Question 3.
The language of the books Mahavansa and Deepvansa.
Answer:
Pali language.

Question 4.
A country to which Buddhism had spread in the ancient period.
Answer:
Sri Lanka.

2. Think and expand/elaborate:

Question 1.
Indian culture had an impact on southeast Asia.
Answer:

• Indian culture had a deep impact on the art and cultural life of southeast Asia.
• Dance-dramas based on stories from Ramayana and Mahabharata are popular in Indonesia even today.
• In later years, temples of Lord Shiva and Vishnu were also built there.

Question 2.
The spread of Buddhism in China became easier.
Answer:

• In the first century CE, the Ming emperor of China invited the Buddhist bhikkhus Dharmarakshaka and Kashyapmatanga to China.
• The Bhikkhus translated many Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese language.
• This made the spread of Buddhism in China easier.

3. What would you do if you are encouraged in your favourite hobby ?
Answer:
If someone encouraged me, it will make me very happy and boost my self-confidence. Thus I will further expand my horizon by gaining more knowledge and enhancing my hobby.

4. Describe a picture:

A picture of the Gandhara style sculpture on a stupa in Hadda, Afghanistan is given in this chapter. Observe it and write about it.

5. Find out more about:

Question 1.
The Gandhara style of art.
Answer:
Under the influence of the Greek art of sculpture, a new form of art emerged in India during the Kushana period. It is called Gandhara school of art. In the Gandhara, art school images of Gautam Buddha were mainly carved in Gandhara.

Question 2.
The Silk Route.
Answer:
Chinese silk was in great demand in India. Merchants in ancient India supplied Chinese silk to western countries. The land route by which the silk trade was carried on was called the silk route. Some ancient places in India were connected to this route. The Chinese Buddhist Bhikkhus also came to India through this silk route.

6. Mark the countries of Southeast Asia mentioned in the chapter on an outline map.

Activity:

Obtain information about a form of art of your choice and present it in your class.

Class 6 History Chapter 11 Ancient India and the World Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
People of the Harappan civilisation had developed trade relations with the countries of the ______.
(a) north
(b) west
(c) south
Answer:
(b) west

Question 2.
________ had spread to Afghanistan and to many countries of Central Asia.
(a) Zoroastrianism
(b) Jainism
(c) Buddhism
Answer:
(c) Buddhism

Question 3.
The writings of the Greek historians introduced India to the ______ world.
(a) western
(b) eastern
(c) central
Answer:
(a) western

Question 4.
Under the influence of the Greek art of sculpture, a new form of art emerged in India during the ____ period.
(a) Gupta
(b) Kushana
(c) Vakataka
Answer:
(b) Kushana

Question 5.
In the Gandhara art school images of _______ were mainly carved.
(a) Gautam Buddha
(b) Vardhaman Mahavir
(c) Guru Nanak
Answer:
(a) Gautam Buddha

Question 6.
The early coins that were minted in India were also like _________ coins.
(a) Sri lanka
(b) Chinese
(c) Greek
Answer:
(c) Greek

Question 7.
The excavations at Arikamedu in Tamil Nadu have also brought to light many articles made in ______.
(a) Afghanistan
(b) Rome
(c) China
Answer:
(b) Rome

Question 8.
______was an important port in Egypt.
(a) Funan
(b) Kolhapur
(c) Alexandria
Answer:
(c) Alexandria

Question 9.
Beside Indian goods, the _______ also conveyed Indian philosophy and science to Europe.
(a) Chinese
(b) Arabs
(c) Greeks
Answer:
(b) Arabs

Question 10.
The concept of ‘__________ ‘ is one of India’s major contributions to the world.
(a) zero
(b) one
(c) mathematics
Answer:
(a) zero

Question 11.
Sanghamitra carried a branch of the _________ tree to Sri Lanka.
(a) Banyan
(b) Bodhi
(c) Pipal
Answer:
(b) Bodhi

Question 12.
There was a great demand in India for Sri Lankan _________ and other precious stones.
(a) diamonds
(b) rubies
(c) pearls
Answer:
(c) pearls

Question 13.
The wall paintings in Sigiriya caves bear a resemblance to the paintings in the _______ caves.
(a) Ellora
(b) Ajanta
(c) Nashik
Answer:
(b) Ajanta

Question 14.
Right from the ancient times, India and __________ had established trade and cultural relations.
(a) China
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Rome
Answer:
(a) China

Question 15.
Emperor Harshavardhan had even sent an ambassador to the _______ court.
(a) Greek
(c) Roman
(c) Chinese
Answer:
(c) Chinese

Question 16.
Chinese _______ was known as .’Chinanshuka’ and was in great demand in India.
(a) pearls
(b) diamond
(c) silk
Answer:
(c) silk

Question 17.
Merchants in ancient India supplied Chinese silk to _______ countries.
(a) eastern
(b) western
(c) northern
Answer:
(b) western

Question 18.
The land route by which the silk trade was carried on, was called the ________.
(a) Silk Route
(b) Trade Route
(c) Horse Route
Answer:
(a) Silk Route

Question 19.
The Chinese Buddhist bhikkhus Fa-hien and Yuan Chwang also came to ______ through this silk route.
(a) Nepal
(b) Rome
(c) India
Answer:
(c) India

Question 20.
The bhikkhus translated many Buddhist texts into the _____ language.
(a) Chinese
(b) Japanese
(c) Prakrit
Answer:
(a) Chinese

Question 21.
People of Funan knew ______ language.
(a) Marathi
(b) Chinese
(c) Sanskrit
Answer:
(c) Sanskrit

Question 22.
Indian culture had a deep impact on the art and cultural life of ________ Asia.
(a) Southeast
(b) Southwest
(c) Northeast
Answer:
(a) Southeast

Question 23.
Dance-dramas based on stories from the two Indian epics are popular in ______ even today.
(a) China
(b) Indonesia
(c) Japan
Answer:
(b) Indonesia

Question 24.
In the later years, ______ of Lord Shiva and Vishnu were also built.
(a) caves
(b) muttas
(c) temples
Answer:
(c) temples

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What has India exchanged with the outside world?
Answer:
Having developed trade relations, India began economic and cultural exchange with the outside world.

Question 2.
Who introduced India to the western world?
Answer:
The writings of the Greek historians introduced India to the western world.

Question 3.
Besides Indian goods, what did the Arabs convey to Europe?
Answer:
Besides Indian goods, the Arabs also conveyed Indian philosophy and science to Europe.

Question 4.
Who were sent to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism?
Answer:
King Ashoka sent his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism.

Question 5.
Who introduced the Bodhi tree to Sri Lanka?
Answer:
Sanghamitra carried a branch of the Bodhi tree to Sri Lanka.

Question 6.
What is similar between the caves at Ajanta and Sigiriya?
Answer:
The wall paintings at Sigiriya bear resemblance to the paintings in the Ajanta caves.

Question 7.
What provides information about the dose relations between India and Sri Lanka?
Answer:
The Sri Lankan Buddhist works ‘Dipavamsa’ and ‘Mahavamsa’ provide information about the close relations between India and Sri Lanka.

Question 8.
Who sent an ambassador to the Chinese court?
Answer:
Emperor Harshavardhan sent an ambassador to the Chinese court.

Question 9.
What gave an impetus to the spread of Buddhism in China?
Answer:
The Bhikkhus translated many Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese Language. This gave an impetus to spread of Buddhism in China.

Question 10.
In the later years, which temples were built in South-Asian countries?
Answer:
the later years, temples of Lord Shiva and Vishnu were built in south-asian countries.

Elaborate:

Question 1.
Alexandria was an important port in Egypt?
Answer:
The Arab merchants carried Indian goods up to Alexandria. From there, they were sent to the countries in Europe. Besides Indian goods, the Arabs also conveyed Indian philosophy and science to Europe. The concept of ‘zero’ is one of India’s major contribution’ to the world . It was the Arabs who introduced this Indian concept to Europe.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 3 The Harappan Civilization Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 3 The Harappan Civilization

Class 6 History Chapter 3 The Harappan Civilization Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
How did the civilization get the name Harappa?
Answer:
Archaeological excavation first began in 1921 CE at Harappa in Punjab on the banks of river Ravi. That is how this civilization came to be known as Harappan civilization.

Question 2.
What patterns are seen on the Harappan pots?
Answer:
There are red terra cotta pots with patterns and designs in black colour. The patterns includes fishscales, interlocking circles, pipal leaves, etc.

Question 3.
What cloth did the Harappan traders supply to Egypt?
Answer:
The Harappan traders supplied muslin cloth to Egypt

2. What will you do when you visit an ancient site to obtain more information about it, to conserve it, etc ?

3. Draw a picture of the Great Bath at Mohen-jo-daro.
Answer:

• A spacious bath has been discovered at Mohen-jo-daro.
• The tank in the Great Bath was nearly 2.5 metres deep, 12 metres long and 7 metres wide.
• It was lined with baked bricks to prevent seepage of water.
• There were steps leading down to the tank.
• There was also a provision for draining, cleaning and re-filling the tank at regular intervals.

4. In the following chart, fill in the details regarding human life during the Harappan period.

Answer:

5. Answer in one word and frame similar questions. Write their answers:

Question 1.
What stone was used to make the Harappan seals?
Answer:
Steatite

6. On an outline map of the world, show the other civilizations that existed in other parts of the world during the Harappan period.

Activity:

• Prepare an outline map of your school and show the various places like a library, playground, computer room, etc. on the map.
• Prepare a detailed note on the grain storage system used in your family and your locality.

Class 6 History Chapter 3 The Harappan Civilization InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Describe the structure of houses in your locality.
Answer:
In my locality (Mumbai) we have building structures and tall skyscrapers. In contrast, we do have hutmen locality with small houses in rows and sometimes chawls that are built upto one storey.(Answers may vary)

Question 2.
Do they have flat roofs or tiled sloping roofs?
Answer:
Houses or buildings in my locality have flat roofs and provisions are made for draining away the rain water. Some of the hutments do have tiled sloping roofs.

Question 3.
What problems regarding health and hygiene will arise if the drains are not covered?
Answer:
If the drains are not covered they will become infested or breeding grounds to mosquitoes, flies, insects, etc. This will directly affect the health of the people living in that vicinity. People will become victim to terrible illnesses, death rate may rise, children and senior citizens will be mostly affected as they have weaker immunity.

Question 4.
Visit a swimming tank in your locality. Observe how the water in the tank is changed. Compare a modem swimming tank to the Harappan Bath.
Answer:
When I went to a nearby swimming pool, I observed that there is a continuous flow of water and excess water filtering system where the water is cleaned. This clean water is then recycled again to be used in the pool. Every week the entire pool water is pumped out. The moss edges and walls of the pool are scrubbled clean with disinfectants.

Fresh water is then added to the pool, with right amount of chlorine tablets. We then have a pool with sparkling water. The Harappahs too, were hygienic as they too had provisions made for draining, cleaning and re-filling the Great Bath.

Class 6 History Chapter 3 The Harappan Civilization Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
Archaeological excavation first began in 1921 CE at Harappa in the Punjab on the banks of river _______.
(a) Tapi
(b) Satluj
(c) Ravi
Answer:
Ravi

Question 2.
Excavations were also carried out at ______ a place about 650 km to the south of Harappa in the Indus valley.
(a) Mohen-jo-daro
(b) Dholavira
(c) Lothal
Answer:
Mohen-jo-daro

Question 3.
There was a striking _______ between the remains of structures and artefacts found at the two places.
(a) beauty
(b) sparks
(c) resemblance
Answer:
resemblance

Question 4.
The houses and other structures in the Harappan civilization were mainly built with ______ bricks.
(a) cooked
(b) baked
(c) fried
Answer:
baked

Question 5.
The houses had rooms built around a ________ courtyard.
(a) lateral
(b) central
(c) forward
Answer:
central

Question 6.
The _______ had covered drains built with bricks.
(a) streets
(b) compounds
(c) schools
Answer:
streets

Question 7.
The streets were ______ and laid out in a grid pattern.
(a) narrow
(b) zig-zag
(c) broad
Answer:
broad

Question 8.
The seals of the Harappan civilization were mainly square-shaped and made from a stone called ______.
(a) steatite
(b) granite
(c) marble
Answer:
steatite

Question 9.
These seals bear pictures of imaginary animals like the ________.
(a) phoenix
(b) unicorn
(c) fairies
Answer:
unicorn

Question 10.
_________ pots of various types and shapes have been found at the excavation sites of Harappan civilization.
(a) Metal
(b) Stone
(c) Earthen
Answer:
Earthen

Question 11.
The Harappan people ______ their dead.
(a) buried
(b) cremated
(c) incinerated
Answer:
buried

Question 12.
The tank in the Great Bath was nearly ________ metres deep.
(a) 12
(b)2.5
(c)7
Answer:
2.5

Question 13.
Great bath was lined with __________ bricks to prevent seepage of water.
(a) unbaked
(b) baked
(c) bunds
Answer:
baked

Question 14.
The Harappan people practised _______.
(a) singing
(c) dancing
(c) agriculture
Answer:
agriculture

Question 15.
The dress of both Harappan men and women consisted of knee length cloth and an _________ garment.
(a) upper
(b) head
(c) shawl
Answer:
upper

Question 16.
Women wore _________ right up to their upper arm.
(a) shawls
(b) flowers
(c) bangles
Answer:
bangles

Question 17.
The Harappan people carried on _________ within India as well as with countries outside.
(a) friendship
(b) trade
(c) enemity
Answer:
trade

Question 18.
The Indus valley was known for its high quality ______.
(a) cotton
(b) crops
(c) pots
Answer:
cotton

Question 19.
_______ was carried on both by land routes and sea routes.
(a) Agriculture
(b) Trade
(c) Industry
Answer:
Trade

Question 20.
A huge ________ has been discoverd at Lothal.
(a) dockyard
(b) fishery
(c) industry
Answer:
dockyard

Question 21.
People migrated to other places leading to the decline of ______.
(a) population
(b) trade
(c) cities
Answer:
cities

Match The following:

Question 1.

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – d
4 – e
5 – b

Question 2.

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – d
4 – b

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Where was the excavation of Mohen-jo-daro carried out?
Answer:
The excavation of Mohen-jo-daro was carried out about 650 km to the south of Harappa in the Indus valley.

Question 2.
With what were the houses and other structures in Harappan civilization built?
Answer:
The houses and other structures in Harappan civilization were built with baked bricks.

Question 3.
What were the Harappan seals made from?
Answer:
The Harappan seals were made from a stone called steatite.

Question 4.
What were the seals used for?
Answer:
The seals were used as stamps.

Question 5.
Which pictures were depicted on seals?
Answer:
Pictures of animals like bulls, buffaloes, oxen, elephants, rhinos, tigers, unicorn, etc., were depicted on seals.

Question 6.
What occupation did the Harappan practise?
Answer:
The Harappans practised agriculture.

Question 7.
What crops did the Harappans grow?
Answer:
The Harappans grew crops like wheat, barley, ragi, peas, sesame and lentils (masoor).

Question 8.
How did the people in Harappa dress?
Answer:
The dress of both men and women in Harappa consisted of knee length cloth and an upper garment.

Question 9.
What were their ornaments made up of?
Answer:
Their ornaments were made up of gold, copper, precious stones as also shells, cowries, seeds, etc.

Question 10.
What is the Indus valley known for?
Answer:
The Indus valley was known for its high quality cotton.

Question 11.
To which countries was the cotton exported?
Answer:
The cotton was exported to regions like west Asia, southern Europe and Egypt.

Question 12.
Where was the Harappan dockyard discovered?
Answer:
A huge dockyard was discovered at Lothal.

Question 13.
What was the reasons for the decline of the Harappan civilization?
Answer:
Frequent floods, invasions by foreign tribes, decline in trade were some of the reasons for the decline of Harappan civilization.

Question 14.
Why did the people migrate to other places?
Answer:
Some regions became arid due to weakening of monsoon, drying up of river basins, earthquakes, changes in sea-level, etc. This led the people to migrate to other places.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Which similar characteristics are seen in all the places of Harappan civilization?
Answer:
Similar characteristics that are seen in all the places of Harappan civilization are town planning, roads, construction of houses, drainage system, seals, pots, toys and burial customs.

Question 2.
Describe the houses built in Harappa.
Answer:

• The houses in Harappa had rooms built around a central courtyard.
• The houses had wells, bathrooms and toilets.

Question 3.
Explain why the drainage system excelled in Harappa.
Answer:

• The Harappans had an excellent drainage system in which baked earthen conduits were used.
• The streets had covered drains built with bricks.
• All these shows great concern regarding public health.

Question 4.
Describe the streets in Harappan town planning.
Answer:

• The streets in Harappan towns were broad and laid out in a grid pattern.
• The streets had covered drains on either sides.

Question 5.
What ritual did the people in Harappa follow for their burial?
Answer:

• The Harappan buried their dead.
• They used to bury earthern pots along with the dead during their burial.

Question 6.
Describe the Great Bath of Mohen-jo-daro.
Answer:

• A spacious bath has been discovered at Mohen-jo-daro.
• The tank in the Great Bath was nearly 2.5 metres deep, 12 metres long and 7 metres wide.
• It was lined with baked bricks to prevent seepage of water.
• There were steps leading down to the tank.
• There was also a provision for draining, cleaning and re-filling the tank at regular intervals.

Question 7.
Describe the statue found at a Harappan site.
Answer:

• A statue found at Harappan site presents an excellent specimen of their art.
• It shows the man’s facial features very clearly.
• A clock with a beautiful trefoil pattern is draped across his shoulder.

Question 8.
Comparison between today’s modem town planning with that of the Harappan periods.
Answer:
Harappan houses were built in rectangular blocks and had excellent roads and drainage system.
In comparison, the older cities in India do not have the Harappan style of town planning. There are places in these older cities where hutmen live in congested areas with open drainages. But today, changes are being made.

Open drainages are being replaced by underground drainage system. Rain water is diverted to avoid floods and hutmen’s areas are getting transformed into tall high-rise buildings. Cities now in India are getting transformed with broad roads, well interstate connecting highways, bridges, railway, metro, airports, etc.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Civics Solutions Chapter 5 District Administration

Class 6 Civics Chapter 5 District Administration Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Who heads the District Administration?
Answer:
The District Collector heads the District Administration.

Question 2.
What is the responsibility of the Tahsildar?
Answer:
As a judicial officer he gives judgements to resolve conflicts at the local level, he also has the responsibility of maintaining peace and order in Taluka.

Question 3.
Which court is at the apex of the judiciary?
Answer:
The Supreme Court of India is at the apex of the judiciary.

Question 4.
Which disaster can we be forewarned about?
Answer:
We can be forewarned about floods and storms.

2. Match the following:

Question 1.

Answer:
a – 2
b – 3
c – 1
d – 4

3. Discuss the following issues:

Question 1.
Disaster Management
Answer:

(a) Sometimes, we may have to face a calamity. It could be a natural disaster like floods, fire, a cloudburst, cyclone, earthquake, landslide or problems like riots, bomb blasts, breaking of a dam, epidemics, etc.

(b) These disasters lead to loss of human lives and displacement of people beside tremendous financial losses.

(c) Therefore, the issues of rehabilitation becomes important.

(d) Disaster management is a process which enables one to face a disaster in a scientific and organized manner. The entire machinery of a district is involved in the process.

Question 2.
Functions of the District Collector.
Answer:
(a) The District Collector is the head of the district administration.

(b) He has to perform many functions from collecting agricultural tax to maintaining law and order in the district. To ensure smooth conduct of elections and disaster management.

4. Which of the following positions would you like to be in, and why?

Question 1.
District Collector, Chief of the District Police, Judge.
Answer:
I would like to be the chief of the District Police. Joining the Police Department is my childhood dream. I would like to maintain law and order in the society and provide people a sense of security. I have the qualities of patriotism and determination which are vital to join the police service. I will work for my fitness too and serve my country with total commitment.

Activities:

1. Visit the police station nearest to you and obtain information about the work that is done there.
2. Make a chart of the different disasters showing what precautions are to be taken and important phone numbers. Display the chart in your class.
3. Send New Year greetings to the District Collector, Chief of the District Police and the District Judge.

Class 6 Civics Chapter 5 District Administration Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct option from the brackets:

Question 1.
The _______ is a part of the rural local government system.
(a) District Collector
(b) District Police
(c) Zilla Parishad
Answer:
Zilla Parishad

Question 2.
District Collector is appointed by the _______ government.
(a) Central
(b) State
(c) Union
Answer:
State

Question 3.
The ______ has the responsibility of maintaining peace and order in the taluka.
(a) District Collector
(b) Tahsildar
(c) Police Inspector
Answer:
Tahsildar

Question 4.
The Constitution of India has established an _______ judiciary.
(a) independent
(b) dependent
(c) system
Answer:
independent

Question 5.
______ is the process which enables one to face a disaster in a scientific and organised manner.
(a) Event management
(b) Disaster management
(c) Management
Answer:
Disaster management.

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Name the lower courts in the Indian judiciary.
Answer:
District courts, Taluka courts, Revenue courts.

Question 2.
What are the effects of disasters?
Answer:
Disasters leads to loss of lives and displacement of people besides tremendous financial losses.

Question 3.
Explain the term: Disaster management.
Answer:
Disaster management is a process which enables one to face a disaster in a scientific and organised manner.

Which of the following positions would you like to be in, and why?

Question 1.
District Collector, Chief of the District Police, Judge.
Answer:
I would like to be the chief of the District Police. Joining the Police Department is my childhood dream. I would like to maintain law and order in the society and provide people a sense of security. I have the qualities of patriotism and determination which are vital to join the police service. I will work for my fitness too and serve my country with total commitment.

Question 2.
Complete the tree diagram and write a short note on the District Court.
Answer:

• The court at the district level is known as the District court.
• The district court has a Chief District Judge and some other judges.
• Their main function is to hear the various cases in the district and deliver the final judgement.
• One can appeal against the judgement of the Taluka Court in the District Court.

Question 3.
Complete the table to enlist different functions of the District Collector.

Answer:
District Collector

Complete the analogy:

Question 1.
Superintendent of Police : District :: Police Commissioner : ________.
Answer:
City

Question 2.
______ : natural :: Bomb blast : man made calamity
Answer:
Floods

Question 3.
Civil Judge : Civil cases :: Magistrate 2nd grade : ______.
Answer:
Criminal cases

Name the following:

Question 1.
The rural local government system of which the Zilla Parishad is a part:
Answer:
Panchayati Raj system.

Question 2.
It appoints Head of the district administration:
Answer:
State Government.

Question 3.
Any one function of the courts at the district level:
Answer:
Resloving disputes.

Question 4.
The court below the Supreme Court of India:
Answer:
High Court.

State whether the following statements are True or False with reasons:

Question 1.
In Maharashtra the sole responsibility of the administration of the district is on Zilla Parishad:
Answer:
False.
In Maharashtra, the administration of the district is shared by both the Zilla Parishad and District Collector. The Union Goverment and State Government both participate in the administration.

Question 2.
The Court at the district level play an important role in resolving conflicts.
Answer:
True.
The Courts at the district level have to perform the function of resolving disputes, delivering judgements and ensuring that conflicts are resolved at the earliest.
So the courts at the district level play an important role in resolving conflicts.

Question 3.
There is a hierarchy in the Indian Judiciary
Answer:
True.
The Constitution of India has established an independent judiciary. At the apex of the system is the Supreme Court of India. Below this are the High Court, and below them, the lower courts. These include District Courts, Taluka Courts and Revenue Courts.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Civics Solutions Chapter 4 Urban Local Government Bodies

Class 6 Civics Chapter 4 Urban Local Government Bodies Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Choose the right option and fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
The first city in India to have a Municipal
Corporation is
(a) Delhi
(b) Mumbai
(c) Agra
Answer:
Mumbai

Question 2.
The body that looks after the administration of places that are in the process of becoming cities:
(a) Municipal Council
(b) Municipal Corporation
(c) Nagar Panchayat
Answer:
Municipal Council

Question 3.
The office bearer who supervises the work of the Municipal Council is the
(a) Chief Officer
(b) Executive Officer
(c) Commissioner
Answer:
Executive officer

2. Answer in brief:

Question 1.
What problems do people face in cities?
Answer:
There are several problems in cities: Shortage of housing, insufficient space, traffic congestion, problem of waste disposal, increase in crime and a large proportion of slum population.

Question 2.
Name the various committees of the Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
Education committee, Health committee, Transport committee, Standing committee, Ward committee, Women and Child Welfare committee, etc.

3. Make a chart giving information about the urban local government bodies according to the points given below.

Answer:

4. Can you tell?

Question 1.
Which are essential functions of the Municipal Council.
Answer:
The essential functions of Municipal Council are:

• Lighting of public streets.
• Providing drinking water.
• Maintaining public hygiene.
• Sewage disposal.
• Registration of birth/death/marriage, etc.

Question 2.
Where does the Nagar Panchayat function?
Answer:
Nagar Panchayat functions in those areas which are neither fully rural nor fully urban.

5. Make different lists of places in your district according to whether they have a Nagar Panchayat, Municipal Council or a Municipal Corporation.

Activities:

• Make your own health awareness slogans to help prevent the spread of infectious diseases, and display them in your classroom.
• Visit the Municipal Corporation nearest to you and find out which new schemes have been taken up.
• Discuss in class what you could do to contribute to them.

Class 6 Civics Chapter 4 Urban Local Government Bodies InText Questions and Answers

What would you do?

Question 1.
When you hand over your household waste to the waste pickers.
Answer:

• I will ensure that I separate organic and inorganic waste.
• I will ensure that if there is anything which can be reused and recycled then it is sent to the recycling centre.
• E-waste if any, will be collected and sent to the e-waste processing centre.

Question 2.
The road is waterlogged as the water pipe has broken.
Answer:

• I will immediately inform the public works department.
• I will ensure that quick steps are taken to avoid the waste of the precious resource.

Question 3.
You notice that unclean, impure water is being used for pani puns.
Answer:

• I will immediately inform the food safety and sanitation department about the same.
• I will ensure that strict action is taken against the vendor.

Question 4.
Many people are throwing plastic bags from the bridge into the river.
Answer:

• I will inform the Municipal Commissioner about the same.
• I will request him to create awamess about the need to take steps to control pollution of water bodies.
• I will also request him to develop environment consciousness amongst the people about the hazards of using plastics and its disposal in water bodies.

Question 5.
The Municipal Councils’ programme to clean the slum areas has been published in the newspaper, but you think that one of the planned actions is improper.
Answer:
I will write a letter to the editor and express my views about the same. I will explain why the action may not have the desired effect and suggest an alternative measure.

Why did the Corporation do it?

Question 1.
The corporation has refused permission for any construction work that would require the cutting down of trees.
Answer:
The corporation wants to ensure that the environment is conserved and preserved and that the environmental balance is not disturbed in the name of progress.

Question 2.
It has implemented many programmes to control the spread of diseases like dengue, swine flu, etc.
Answer:
To take steps towards creating a healthy society and contain the spread of epidemics.

Question 3.
Modernised the Fire Brigade.
Answer:
To be armed with state of art technology in case of emergency caused due to fire.

Question 4.
Inspected the weighing scales in the vegetable market.
Answer:
To ensure that people are not cheated by vendors and that they get the right quantity of vegetables for the money paid.

What did you feel on reading this?

Question 1.
The Metro will soon run in your city.
Answer:
The Urban local government bodies in the city are working towards infrastructural development of the city.

Question 2.
Permission has been given for the construction of a 24 storey building.
Answer:
It is important to take permission from the Municipal authorities before construction of building.

Question 3.
Gardens and Leisure Centres will be established in every ward.
Answer:
The urban local government bodies ensure that proper facilities are provided to the people for rest, recreation and general well being.

Question 4.
Action will be taken against those who use purified water to water the gardens or to wash their cars.
Answer:
The local gemment bodies take steps to ensure that water, a scarce resource, is not wasted.

Question 5.
It has bee made compulsory to dispose of wet garbage within one’s locality.
Answer:
Waste management is given priority by the local government bodies.

Question 6.
Old age homes will be constructed for the benefit of senior citizens.
Answer:
The local government bodies take steps to ensure that all citizens including senior citizens experience safety and security. They want to ensure that the senior citizens lead a life of dignity.

Students Activity:

Question 1.
Find out:
In how many cities of Maharashtra State is the administration carried out through Corporations?
In which year was the Municipal Corporation of your city established?

Question 2.
Try this:
Form an Education Committee for your class. The committee should have an equal number of boys and girls as representatives. They should discuss the following issues and prepare a report.
(a) Facilities in the classroom.
(b) A proposal for setting up a small library for the class.
(c) Oraganising a sports competition.

Question 3.
Do this:
Find out the hospital run by the Municipal Council or Corporation in your area. What facilities are offered to the patients there? What is a person required to do if she/he wants to take treatment there?

Question 4.
Make different lists of places in your district according to whether they have a Nagar Panchayat, Municipal Council or a Municipal Corporation.

Class 6 Civics Chapter 4 Urban Local Government Bodies Additional Important Questions and Answers

Name the following:

Question 1.
The Urban local Government bodies:
Answer:

Nagar Panchayat.
Municipal Council.
The Municipal Corporation.

Question 2.
The Nagar Panchayat elects these members from amongst themselves:
Answer:

President.
Vice-president.

Question 3.
The chairman of all the meetings of Municipal Council:
Answer:
President.

Question 4.
In the absence of the President, he looks after the work of the Municipal Council:
Answer:
Vice-president.

Question 5.
The elected members of Municipal Corporation:
Answer:
Corporators.

Question 6.
Any two committees of the Municipal Corporation:
Answer:
Health committee, Transport committee.

Question 7.
He prepares the annual budget of the Municipal Corporation:
Answer:
The Municipal Commissioner.

State whether the following statements are True or False giving reasons:

Question 1.
There is a Nagar Panchayat in every city.
Answer:
False.
There is a Nagar Panchayat in those areas which are neither fully rural nor fully urban.

Question 2.
Lighting public streets is the discretionary function of the Municipal Council.
Answer:
False.

• There are some functions that are binding on the Council which are known as obligatory functions.
• Lighting public street is one such obligatory function.

Question 3.
The total number of members in a Municipal Corporation is determined so as to be in proportion to those who contest elections
Answer:
False.
The total number of members in a Municipal Corporation is determined so as to be in proportion to the population of the city.

Answer in brief:

Question 1.
Name the sources of revenue of the Municipal Council.
Answer:
Property tax, education tax, water tax, grants from State Government, tax on markets, etc.

Question 2.
All local government bodies have to carry out some essential functions. What, according to you, are the essential functions of a Nagar Panchayat?
Answer:

• Providing essential facilities and other services to the citizens.
• Implementing sanitation programmes.
• Providing infrastructure facilities like roads.
• Providing educational facilities.
• Water supply.
• Ensure that a drainage system is in place.
• Maintain records of births and deaths.

Do you know?

Question 1.
For every Municipal council, there is a Chief Officer. He implements the decisions taken by the Municipal Council. There are several officers who assist him.
Would you like to become such an officer? If you become a Health Officer, what functions would you perform?
Answer:
Yes I would like to become an officer in the Municipal Council.
If I become a Health officer my functions would be:

• Ensure that community health is maintained through health check-ups, Vaccination drives ,etc.
• Take step to control epidemics.
• Create awareness amongst the citizens regarding health and sanitation.
• Supervise the working of the health centre.
• Training of the professionals working towards community health.

Question 2.
Appeal from Municipal Council:
Calling all citizens – to take the following measures to stop breeding of mosquitoes and curb the spread of dengue:

1. Do not stock old tyres, cocount shells, empty cans or boxes on your terrace or around your house.
2. In case of persistent fever go to a doctor without delay.
3. Keep your surroundings clean.

In response to the above, what would you do in your house and in the surroundings?
Answer:
I will ensure that I keep my surroundings clean. If there is any waste water accumulation, I will inform the authorities and request them to take necessary steps. I will pay special attention to waste disposal. I will also put into practice the maxim: ‘Reduce, Reuse, Recycle…. Restore’ for a clean and healthy environment.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans

Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Find the odd man out:

Question 1.
Shell, fish, crab, ship
Answer:
ship

Question 2.
Arabian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Dead Sea, Caspian Sea
Answer:
Dead Sea

Question 3.
Sri Lanka, India, Norway, Peru
Answer:
Sri Lanka

Question 4.
Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Bay of Bengal
Answer:
Bay of Bengal

Question 5.
Natural gas, salt, gold, manganese
Answer:
Natural gas

B. Write the answers:

Question 1.
Which items does man get from the oceans?
Answer:
Salt, fish, shells and other products, minerals like iron, lead, cobalt, sodium, manganese, chromium, zinc, mineral oil and natural gas are the items man gets from oceans.

Question 2.
Why It is economic to carry out transport by water ways.
Answer:

• Waterways is a cost-effective, fuel efficient and relatively more environment friendly means of transportation.
• Large scale transport of goods can be carried out with the help of ships, trawlers, boats, etc. at a low cost.
• So it is economic to carry out transport by waterway.

Question 3.
Why There is a difference in the climate of regions close to the oceans and regions far away from the oceans.
Answer:
(i) The oceans influence the climatic condition of a place. Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than regions away from the ocean.

(ii) There is a difference in the maximum and minimum temperature with the difference being less in coastal region (nearness to the sea) while it is more in the region far away from the sea (continentality).

(iii) The temperature in coastal areas remains equable due to the mixing of vapour released through evaporation of water from these water bodies into air. This vapour absorbs and stores the heat released from the land.

Question 4.
Which continents are located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean?
Answer:
Asia, Australia, North America and South America are the continents located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean.

Activity:

Colour the different oceans on an outline map of the world and prepare an index for the map. (See inside front cover, figure B.)

Project:

Group work: Make five groups. Each group should collect some information and pictures of one ocean. With the help of the information collected, each group should make a poster and make presentation.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans InText Questions and Answers

Think a little!

Question 1.
Where does the water flowing through the rivers go in the end?
Answer:
The water flowing through the rivers goes into the oceans in the end.

Question 2.
Are there volcanic eruptions in the seas?
Answer:
Yes, volcanic eruptions take place in the seas.

Question 3.
What would have happened if man had not discovered sea routes?
Answer:

• If there were no sea routes, we would lose out on the most economic option of transportation.
• Large scale transport of goods would become inconvenient.
• International trade too would suffer.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Where did all this water on the earth come from?
Answer:
While some scientists believe that water was created due to the impact of comets there are others who believe that Earth’s waters have existed since the birth of planet earth.

Find out:

Question 1.
Collect information about how a natural pearl is formed.
Answer:

• Natural pearls form when an irritant- usually a parasite and not the proverbial grain of sand – works its way into an oyster, mussel, or clam.
• As a defense mechanism, a fluid is used to coat the irritant.
• Layer upon layer of this coating called ‘nacre’ is deposited until a pearl is formed.

Question 2.
Which oceanic organism develops in it?
Answer:
The oceanic organism oyster develops in it.

Question 3.
In which sea is it found in India?
Answer:
The Arabian Sea.

What will you do?

Question 1.
Different marine animals like the blue whale, turtle, starfish, etc. appear before you in your dream and complain to you. They say, “You humans are not allowing us to live properly. You throw the waste and chemicals that you do not want into our house. The youngsters in our house are falling ill due to this. Some are getting killed. You must think about this situation and remove the pollution from the seas.” Now tell what you will do.
Answer:
“Environmental problems begin with people as the cause and end with people as the victims.” Different ways to remove pollution from sea are:

• Creating awareness amongst people.
• Organising a clean-up operation.
• Insisting that government take steps to prevent marine pollution caused due to waste disposal.
• Following the principle of recycling waste and proper treatment of sewage before its disposal into water bodies.
• Generating a sense of responsibility amongst the citizens.

Can you do it?

Question 1.
Sameer and Sania are playing a game of showing the waterways on a map of the world. Their routes are going in opposite directions. One of the following the eastern route while the other is making a route that takes to the west.

From Mumbai port some goods are to be taken to London in UK. On a map of the world, show at least two such routes with a pencil.
Write down the names of the ports of different nations that fall on the route followed by each.

Ports on the route followed by Sameer:

Answer:

• JNPT – India
• Nish tun – Yemen
• Salal – Oman
• Port of Berbera – Somalia
• Port of A1 Qusayr – Egypt
• Port of Said – Egypt Suez
• port – Egypt
• Port of Tenes – Algeria
• Port of Tunis – Tunisia
• Port of Bone facia – France
• Port of Aguilas – Spain
• Port of Adra – Spain
• Port of Gibraltar – Gibraltar
• Port of Sines – Portugal
• Swange Pier – UK
• Whitstable harbour – UK
• Purfleet Thames Terminal – UK
• Port of London – UK

Ports on the route followed by Sania:

• Port of Mergui – Myanmar
• Port of Ramong – Thailand
• Port of Krueng Raya – Indonesia, etc.

Question 2.
Which of the routes you feel is shorter? That of Sameer’s or Sania’s?
Answer:
Sameer’s route is shorter.

Question 3.
Which oceans does one have to pass through if one follows Sameer’s route or Sania’s route?
Answer:
If one follows Sameer’s route one has to pass through the Indian Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean. If Sania’s route is taken she has to pass through the Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean.

Question 4.
What are Panama and Suez? For what purpose were they constructed?
Answer:

• Panama and Suez are the canals in the sea built for commercial purpose.
• It helped in saving time, money and energy and gave a fillip to international trade due to the shorter distance and easy accessibility.

Question 5.
Have they been used in Sameer’s and Sania’s routes?
Answer:
Yes, Suez Canal is used in Sameer’s route while Panama Canal is used in Sania’s route.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill the blanks choosing the correct alternatives from the brackets:

Question 1.
The ______ includes all the water bodies like oceans, seas, rivers and their tributaries, lakes, reservoirs and also ground water that exist on the earth.
(lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere)
Answer:
hydrosphere

Question 2.
Total global water 97.7% is contained in ______ (lakes, oceans, seas)
Answer:
oceans

Question 3.
The ocean with an area 166,240,977 sq. km is the _______ ocean. (Indian, Atlantic, Pacific)
Answer:
Pacific

Question 4.
All rivers flowing from mountains or hilly areas finally meet in the ________.(lakes, seas, oceans)
Answer:
oceans

Question 5.
Salinity is expressed in terms of ______.(mils, ml, gms)
Answer:
mils

Question 6.
The average salinity of oceanic water is _______.(80%, 332%, 35%)
Answer:
35%

Question 7.
The salinity of the Dead Sea is _____.(332 %, 35%, 60%)
Answer:
332 %

Question 8.
About ________ of the surface of the earth is occupied by water. (90%, 95%, 70.8%)
Answer:
70.8%

Question 9.
Salt as a substance is obtained by constructing ______. (sea bed, salt pan, river bunds)
Answer:
salt pan

Question 10.
________ is conducted on a much higher scale as compared to the other modes of transport. (Water transport, Air transport, Road transport)
Answer:
Water transport

Question 11.
Pollution of _________ water is caused due to oil spills. (river, lake, oceanic)
Answer:
oceanic

Question 12.
Winds blowing due to pressure difference in the belts is called ______. (planetary winds, oceanic winds, minerals)
Answer:
planetary winds

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Answer:
1 – c
2 – e
3 – b
4 – a
5 – d

Find the odd man out:

Question 1.
Pearls, corals, diamonds, medicinal plants
Answer:
diamonds

Question 2.
Spain, Norway, Japan, India
Answer:
India

Question 3.
Blue whale, sea turtles, seerfish, dolphins
Answer:
seerfish

Name the following:

Question 1.
Water bodies which are a part of the . hydrosphere.
Answer:
Oceans, seas, rivers and their tributaries, lakes, reservoirs, ground water.
Question 2.
Percentage of global waters contained in oceans.
Answer:
97.7%

Question 3.
Two aquatic animals found in the ocean.
Answer:

• Microscopic planktons
• Huge whales

Question 5.
Places where volcanic eruptions occur.
Answer:

• Land
• Ocean

Question 6.
Two minerals obtained from the sea.
Answer:

• Phosphates
• Sulphates

Question 7.
Two uses of marine animals.
Answer:

• Production of fertilisers
• Production of pharmaceuticals

Question 8.
Two countries with coastline which largely depends on the sea for their livelihood.
Answer:

• Seychelles
• Mauritius

Question 9.
The controller of global temperature and source of rains.
Answer:
Oceans.

Question 10.
The beginning and end of the water cycle takes place here.
Answer:
Oceans.

Question 11.
Two minerals obtained from the ocean floor.
Answer:

• Cobalt
• Sodium

Question 12.
Precious items obtained from the seas.
Answer:

• Pearls
• Corals

Question 13.
Mode of transport used for large scale transportation of goods.
Answer:

• Ships
• Trawlers

Question 14.
Two actions by man which has lead to large scale pollution in oceanic waters.
Answer:

• Oil spills
• Exploitative fishing

Answer the following in one sentence each:

Question 1.
What happens when aquatic animals die?
Answer:
When aquatic animals die, their remains accumulate in the oceans.

Question 2.
What enters the ocean with the rain water?
Answer:
Sediments from eroded lands, trees and bushes flowing with water, dead remains, etc. enter the ocean with the river water.

Question 3.
What happens when the dead remains in the ocean decompose?
Answer:
When the dead remains in the oceans decompose it releases various minerals and salts in the ocean water.

Question 4.
Where do we find maximum salinity?
Answer:
The Dead Sea is known to have the maximum salinity of 332%.

Question 5.
How is salt obtained?
Answer:
Salt as a substance is obtained by constructing salt pans in the coastal areas.

Question 6.
Which is one of the ancient occupations of human beings and what is the major purpose of his activity?
Answer:
Fishing is one of the ancient occupation and the major purpose of this activity is to obtain food.

Question 7.
How does the earth get rainfall?
Answer:
The oceans have a vast expanse, therefore huge amounts of vapour get created and this process goes on continuously and from this vapour the earth gets rainfall.

Question 8.
How is pollution caused in oceanic water?
Answer:
In order to fulfill his requirements, man undertakes many activities that lead to the production of huge amounts of different types of waste materials which cause pollution.

Question 9.
Write anyone cause of pollution of oceanic waters.
Answer:
Cutting of mangroves forests in coastal areas is one of the main cause of pollution in oceanic waters.

Question 10.
How does oceanic pollution affect the aquatic animals?
Answer:
Due to oceanic pollution many aquatic animals are under the threat of being extinct. For example, the blue whale, some types of sea turtles, dolphins, etc.

Question 11.
Which items does man get from the oceans?
Answer:
Salt, fish, shells and other products, minerals like iron, lead, cobalt, sodium, manganese, chromium, zinc, mineral oil and natural gas are the items man gets from oceans.

Question 12.
Which continents are located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean?
Answer:
Asia, Australia, North America and South America are the continents located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
The ocean water is saltier than drinking water.
Answer:

(i) In drinking water, the proportion of salts is quite low. Water from oceans and seas has a greater amount of salt. Hence it tastes salty.

(ii) Volcanic eruptions leads to increase in the level of salts and minerals in ocean water.

(iii) Volcanic eruptions takes place in the oceans. During volcanic eruptions different minerals, ashes, salts and gases are added to the water. This increases the level of salts and minerals in ocean water.

(iv) Due to continuous evaporation of oceanic water, the proportion of salt increase.

Question 2.
The temperature in coastal areas remains equable.
Answer:

(i) In regions close to the oceans, seas or large reservoirs, there is not much of a difference in the temperature throughout the day.

(ii) The main reason for this is the mixing of vapour released through evaporation of water from these water bodies into air.

(iii) This vapour in the air absorbs and stores the heat released from the land.

(iv) Hence, the temperature in coastal regions remain equable.

Question 3.
It is economic to carry out transport by water ways.
Answer:

• Waterways is a cost-effective, fuel efficient and relatively more environment friendly means of transportation.
• Large scale transport of goods can be carried out with the help of ships, trawlers, boats, etc. at a low cost.
• So it is economic to carry out transport by waterway.

Question 4.
There is a difference in the climate of regions close to the oceans and regions far away from the oceans.
Answer:
(i) The oceans influence the climatic condition of a place. Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than regions away from the ocean.

(ii) There is a difference in the maximum and minimum temperature with the difference being less in coastal region (nearness to the sea) while it is more in the region far away from the sea (continentality).

(iii) The temperature in coastal areas remains equable due to the mixing of vapour released through evaporation of water from these water bodies into air. This vapour absorbs and stores the heat released from the land.

Question 5.
Oceans act as the controller of global temperature.
Answer:

(i) Winds move the oceanic water in the form of currents.

(ii) Ocean currents move from the equatorial region to polar regions and from polar regions to the equatorial region.

(iii) This leads to the redistribution of heat on the earth.

(iv) The cold currents moving towards the equatorial region making the temperature of coastal areas in that zone milder whereas the warm currents coming in the colder region cause the temperature in coastal areas to rise. Hence, the oceans act as the controller of global temperature.

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
What are planetary winds?
Answer:

• Equatorial regions receives perpendicular sunrays.
• As a result these areas get more heat whereas the polar regions receive highly slant rays.
• This differential heating creates imbalance in the temperature of air in different parts leading to formation of belts of high and low pressure on earth.
• Winds blow1 due to the pressure differences in these belts. These winds are called Planetary Winds.

Question 2.
Write in brief about oceanic transport.
Answer:

• Oceans have provided us the most economic option of transportation.
• Large scale transportation of goods is carried out with the help of ships, trawlers, boats, etc.
• International trade is carried out on a large scale using waterways.
• Countries like Spain, Norway, Japan have a good coastline due to which goods are transported by ocean routes, making these countries important.

Question 3.
How do ocean currents aid water transport?
Answer:

• Ocean currents are quite important in water transport.
• As far as possible water transport is carried out along ocean currents.
• They accelerate the speed of the ships and also save fuel to a considerable extent.

Question 4.
List the causes that lead to large scale pollution of oceanic water.
Answer:
The causes that lead to large scale pollution of oceanic water are:

• Oil spills.
• Releasing the waste produced in the coastal cities into the seas.
• Materials thrown out from ships.
• Exploitative fishing.
• Cutting of mangrove forests in coastal areas.
• Disasters caused by the water mines.
• Sewage released by industries and cities.
• Excavation carried out in the seas.

Do it yourself!

Question 1.
Calculate the difference between the mean maximum and minimum temperature and write in the last column

Question 2.
Highlight the rows for the places having a range of temperatures over 10°C with red colour, other rows in blue colour (Refer the above table)
Question 3.
Find the locations of these places from an atlas. (Students activity)
Question 4.
Which places are closer to the oceans? Tell whether the range of temperature at these
places is l ess or more?
Answer:
Istanbul and New York are closer to the oceans. These places which are closer to the oceans have lesser range of temperature.

Question 5.
What might be the main reason leading to differences in the temperature range in different places?
Answer:
The main reason leading to differences in temperature range in different places is because of the location of the place on the planet earth. Other factors like latitude, altitude, atmosphere, ocean currents, planetary winds etc. too have their impact.

Question 6.
In which thermal zone are all these places located?
Answer:
All these places are located in the temperate thermal zone.

Question 7.
Which places are fai away from the oceans?
Do these places have a greater or smaller temperature range?
Answer:
Istanbul, Denver, Kabul and Baghdad are far away from the ocean as these places have a greater temperature range.

Question 8.
Mention the places having the smallest and greatest temperature ranges.
Answer:
Istanbul and New York have the smallest temperature range while Baghdad has the greatest temperature range.

Question 9.
Draw a graph for the above data. Use a proper colour scheme.
Answer:

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Civics Solutions Chapter 3 Rural Local Government Bodies

Class 6 Civics Chapter 3 Rural Local Government Bodies Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Put a tick (✓) in the right box:

Question 1.
The ______ looks after the local adiministration of the village.
(a) Gram Panchayat
(b) Panchayat Samiti
(c) Zilla Parishad
Answer:
(a) Gram Panchayat

Question 2.
It is binding to hold at least ______ meetings of the Gram Sabha in each financial year.
(a) four
(b) five
(c) six
Answer:
(c) six

Question 3.
At present, there are _______ districts in Maharashtra.
(a) 34
(b) 35
(c) 36
Answer:
(c) 36

2. Make a list of the functions of the Panchayat Samiti.
Answer:

• Building roads, gutters, wells and borewells.
• Organising vaccination drives.
• Providing clean drinking water.
• Maintaining cleanliness of roads and arrange for the disposal of waste.
• Helping the farmers improve agriculture and livestock.
• Provide primary education.
• Promote handicrafts and cottage industries.
• Provide financial aid to the weaker sections

3. What is your opinion?

Question 1.
The Gram Panchayat levies various taxes.
Answer:

• The Gram Panchayat looks after the administration of the village.
• It carries out the functions relating to water supply, electricity, registration of births, deaths and marriages.
• To carry out these functions money is required and taxes are one of the sources of income of Gram Panchayat.

Question 2.
The number of Zilla Parishads is less than the total number of districts in Maharashtra.
Answer:

• Every district has a Zilla Parishad. At present, the state of Maharashtra has 36 districts but only 34 Zilla Parishads.
• The reason is that Mumbai city district and Mumbai Suburban District do not have a rural population.
• Therefore, they do not have Zilla Parishads.

4. Complete the Table:

My Taluka, My Panchayat Samiti :
Name of the Taluka: ______.
The name of the chairman of the Panchayat Samiti: ____.
The name of the Deputy Chairman of the Panchayat Samiti: _____.
The name of the Block Development Officer: ______.
The name of the Block Education Officer: _______.

5. Write a brief note on:

Question 1.
The Sarpanch:
Answer:

• The elections to a Gram Panchayat are held every five years.
• The elected members elect a Sarpanch and Deputy Sarpanch from amongst themselves.
• The meetings of the Gram Panchayat are held under the chairmanship of the Sarpanch.
• It is his responibility to implement the development schemes of the village.
• The members of the Gram Panchayat can bring a motion of no confidence against Sarpanch who is not carrying out his responsibilities properly.
• In the absence of the Sarpanch, the Deputy Sarpanch looks after the work of a Gram Panchayat.

Question 2.
The Chief Executive Officer:
Answer:

• The decisions taken by the Zilla Parishad are implemented by the Chief Executive Officer of the Zilla Parishad.
• He is appointed by the State Government.

Project:

• Organize a mock Gram Sabha and enact the roles of the Sarpanch, members of the Gram Panchayat,voters, Gram Sevak.
• Make a chart depicting the possible structure of a Balsansad and display it in the class.
• Obtain information about the schemes run by the Zilla Parishad in your area or near your city.

Class 6 Civics Chapter 3 Rural Local Government Bodies Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks by appropriate words from the options given below:

Question 1.
If the population of a village is less than ______ then two or more such villages come under one Gram Panchayat, this is then called a ‘Group Gram Panchayat’.
(a) 750
(b) 500
(c) 600
Answer:
500

Question 2.
The state of Maharashtra has _____ Zilla Parishads.
(a) 34
(b) 35
(c) 36
Answer:
(a) 34

Question 3.
Elections of the Zilla Parishad are held every _______ years.
(a) six
(b) five
(c) three
Answer:
(b) five

Question 4.
The chief executive officer of the Zilla Parishad is appointed by the ______.
(a) State Government
(b) Central Government
(c) Elected member of Zilla Parishad from among themselves
Answer:
(a) State Government

Name the following:

Question 1.
The local government bodies at the rural level :
Answer:

1. The Gram Panchayat.
2. The Panchayat Samiti.
3. The Zilla Parishad.

Question 2.
He implements the development schemes of the village :
Answer:
Sarpanch.

Question 3.
In the absence of the Sarpanch the office bearer who looks after the work of the Gram Panchayat :
Answer:
Deputy Sarpanch.

Question 4.
The secretary of the Gram Panchayat :
Answer:
The Gram Sevak.

Question 5.
The assembly of all the voters of the village or rural area :
Answer:
Gram Sabha.

Question 6.
Minimum number of meetings which must be held in each financial year:
Answer:
Six.

Question 7.
Any two issues raised by women before the meeting of the Gram Sabha :
Answer:

1. Employment
2. Health

Question 8.
Any two sources of the revenue of the Gram Panchayat :
Answer:

1. Water tax
2. Pilgrimage tax

Question 9.
The link between the Zilla Parishad and Gram panchayat:
Answer:
Panchayat Samiti.

Question 10.
The office bearer who has the responsibility of calling the meetings and conducting business of the meetings of the Panchayat Samiti:
Answer:
The chairman.

Question 11.
Any two sources of income of the Panchayat Samiti :
Answer:

1. Money from district fund.
2. Grants from the State Government.

Question 12.
Local self government at the district level :
Answer:
Zilla Parishad.

Question 13.
He implements the decisions taken by the Zilla Parishad :
Answer:
Chief excutive officer.

Make a list of the functions of the:

Question 1.
Gram Panchayat.
Answer:

1. The Gram Panchayat looks after the administration of the village.
2. The Gram Panchayat carries out the functions relating to water supply, electricity, registration of births, deaths and marriages.

Question 2.
Gram Sevak.
Answer:

1. Looks after the day-to-day functioning of the Gram Panchayat.
2. Explains its development scheme to the residents of the village.

Question 4.
Zilla Parishad provides the following facilities.
Answer:
Education facilities, health facilities, water supply facilities, making provision of seeds, supply of electricity, tree plantation drives in the village.

Question 5.
President of the Zilla Parishad
Answer:

1. He presides over the meetings of the Zilla Parishad.
2. He exercise control over business conducted during the meetings.
3. He control the financial transactions of the Zilla Parishad.

What is your opinion?

Question 1.
Local self government bodies at the rural level have an important role to play.
Answer:

1. Local self government bodies play an important role in providing good governance to the rural areas.
2. People too get an opportunity to take part in the decision making.
3. It is also a training ground for democracy.

What would you do?

Where would you tell Dinesh and Naina to go for the following things?

Question 1.
To get their younger sibling vaccinated :
Answer:
Primary Health centre.

Question 2.
To accompany their father to get the 7/12 extract:
Answer:
Reveue department.

Question 3.
To learn about the use of a new manure :
Answer:
Agriculture department.

Question 4.
To complain against contaminated water supply :
Answer:
Sanitation department.

Question 5.
To get a birth certificate :
Answer:
Health Department.

Question 6.
To get the income / caste certificate :
Answer:
Revenue Department.

Write a brief note on:

Question 1.
Women’s participation in the Gram Sabha:
Answer:
A meeting of the women of a village is held before the meeting of the Gram Sabha. Here, women feel free to discuss a variety of issues. During the Gram Sabha, they speak with greater concern about issues such as drinking water, prohibition, employment, fuel, health etc. They also suggest measures for bringing about necessary changes.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 10 Human Occupations Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 10 Human Occupations

Class 6 Geography Chapter 10 Human Occupations Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Select the correct option:

Question 1.
Serving as a ______ is a tertiary type of occupation.(bus conductor, veterinary doctor, brick kiln worker)
Answer:
bus conductor

Question 2.
In the tropical areas, we mainly see ________ occupations. (primary; secondary, tertiary)
Answer:
primary

Question 3.
Amol’s Granny sells papads and pickles. This is a _______ occupation. (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Answer:
secondary

B. Give reasons:

Question 1.
The type of occupation determines a person’s
income.
Answer:
(i) Occupation is a job, a person’s role in society wherein a regular activity is carried out for income.

(ii) Certain occupations bring greater economic benefits to the society and the nation at large while certain occupations bring relatively less economic benefits.

(iii) Similarly some occupations require higher level of knowledge and skill while some can be carried out with little or no skill or expertise. Person’s income is proportionate to the economic benefit his occupation brings with it and the land of his knowledge and skill. So the type of occupation determines a person’s income.

Question 2.
Primary occupations are associated with developing countries while tertiary, with developed countries.
Answer:
(i) Countries which are developing have low income as they are in a state of development and their main source of income comes from production carried out in primary sector.

(ii) Developed countries are rich with high income and so they practice tertiary occupation. They have enough money to invest in business which creates tertiary occupations which requires huge investment.

Question 3.
Quaternary occupations are not commonly seen.
Answer:
Quaternary occupations are occupations which require special knowledge, skills and expertise. This sectorevolves in well-developed countries and requires skilled workforce apart from sufficient money to invest in fields like IT, research and development, quality testing, etc.

Activity:

• Visit a secondary occupation in your area.
• Gather information related to that occupation
• using the following points and note it down.
• Name of the occupation
• Raw material used
• Source of raw material
• Finished product
• Market for finished product
• Tertiary occupations required in it.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 10 Human Occupations InText Questions and Answers

Look at the figure and answer the following questions:




Question 1.
What are the cows and buffaloes in picture A doing?
Answer:
The animals, cows and buffaloes are grazing in the pasture, i.e. land covered with grass and other low plants.

Question 2.
What is being obtained in picture B?
Answer:
Milk is being obtained in picture B.

Question 3.
What is happening at the Milk Collection Centre in picture C?
Answer:
Milk is being filled for storage and sold at the milk collection centre.

Question 4.
In picture D, what is being transported? Where could the tanker be going?
Answer:
Milk is being transported to the milk processing centre. The tanker is on the truck

Question 5.
Which products are seen in picture E? From what have these products been made?
Answer:
Curd, ghee, butter, cheese and shrikhand are the products seen in picture E and these products have been made from milk.

Question 6.
What else is happening in picture E?
Answer:
In picture E, person is testing the quality of the prepared milk products.

Question 7.
Out of the products shown in picture F, which products do you use?
Answer:
I use all the products shown in picture F as milk products are high on nutrients and good for health.

Question 8.
What would be main difference between milk and milk products?
Answer:
Milk is a beverage obtained from nature, directly from different animals. While milk products are obtained by processing milk into different products.

Question 9.
Do these products perish quickly like milk?
Answer:
No, they have a longer life unlike milk.

Look at the figure and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which of these activities is undertaken to obtain a product from nature?
Answer:
Obtaining milk from the cow is the activity undertaken to obtain a product from nature.

Question 2.
How long does this product last?
Answer:
If refrigerated it will last for about five days to one week.

Question 3.
In which picture is the product obtained from nature being collected?
Answer:
In picture C, the product obtained from nature is being collected.

Question 4.
Which service did the milk producer get through this activity?
Answer:
Transport and unloading of milk, a tertiary service is the service which the milk producer received.

Question 5.
Where is milk being taken? What happens to the milk thereafter?
Answer:
The milk is being taken to the milk processing centre for processing milk to make milk products.

Question 6.
What milk products are seen in the picture?
Answer:
Ghee, butter, cheese, shrikhand are the products seen in the picture.

Question 7.
Who inspects these products?
Answer:
A food inspector, a person with special skill and expertise inspects these products.

Question 8.
What does the shopkeeper do with these products?
Answer:
The shopkeeper sells these products to the consumer.

Question 9.
Which of these products are perishable and which are non- perishable?
Answer:
All are the products, even after proper storage will deteriorate and perish over a period of time.

Question 10
Will the price and weight of these products be same as that of the milk?
Answer:
The price and weight of these products will be higher after processing. These products will be more durable and its quality too will be enhanced and so their price will be also higher.

Use your brainpower!

Question 1.
Milk is available at ₹ 40 per litre while dahi at ₹ 60 per kg and paneer at ₹ 200 per kg. If both are obtained from milk, why is there so much difference in their prices?
Answer:
Milk is being processed, obtained from nature and made it into different products. These products are more durable. Their quality its enhanced and therefore their price is higher.

Answer the following questions based on the pie charts:

Question 1.
Which country has more manpower engaged in primary occupation?
Answer:
Bangladesh.

Question 2.
Which country has more manpower engaged in secondary occupation?
Answer:
Turkey.

Question 3.
Which country has more manpower engaged in tertiary occupations?
Answer:
United Arab Emirates.

Question 4.
Which country has almost equal manpower engaged in all the occupations?
Answer:
Turkey.

Think a little!

Who am I?

Question 1.
Who examines us when we fall ill?
Answer:
Doctor

Question 2.
Who checks our examination papers?
Answer:
Teacher

Question 3.
Who prepares the designs of buildings?
Answer:
Architect

Question 4.
Who produces machines and looks after their maintenance and repairs?
Answer:
Engineer

Observe figure and answer the questions related to sugar production:



Question 1.
Classify the occupations from primary to quaternary
Answer:

Question 2.
Which raw material is used in the secondary occupation?
Answer:
Sugarcane is the raw material used in the secondary occupation.

Question 3.
Which is the finished product obtained in the secondary occupation?
Answer:
Sugar is the finished product obtained in the secondary occupation.

Question 4.
What are the services in tertiary occupations?
Answer:
Transport of sugarcane, sacks of sugar being carried and sales of goods are the services in tertiary occupations.

Question 5.
Which picture is related to a quaternary occupation? Can you name the occupation?
Answer:
Picture G is related to a quaternary occupation. The occupation is quality testing.

Think and discuss:

What effect does nature have on our occupations? Think a little. Give a thought to the following issues. Discuss them in the class. Write two paragraphs about it.

• There have been no rain at all (drought).
• A storm strikes
• There was an earthquake.
• Untimely rains
• Good rains
• Excessive rains and floods
• All of a sudden, a volcano erupts
• A tsunami hits.

Answer:
Primary occupations like agriculture can be totally disrupted if there are no rains or excessive rains while good rains will usher with good agricultural output. When we receive good agricultural yield it will have a positive input on all secondary occupations which rely on agriculture. It will bring about all-round growth in both agricultural and industrial sector.

Natural calamities like storms, earthquake, volcanoes and tsunami can have adverse impact on various occupations. It can bring all the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary occupations to a standstill. Occupations related to production, storage, distribution, etc. will be greatly affected as rescue and rehabilitation of the people and reconstruction of the damaged caused, becomes a priority.

Do it yourself!

Question 1.
Which occupations are found in your area?
Answer:
I live in Maharashtra and occupations like textile manufacture, manufacture of sugar, pharmaceutical, petrochemicals, electronics, automobiles, engineering services, food processing, etc. are practised here.

Question 2.
Which occupation is practised on a large scale?
Answer:
Sugar manufacturing is an occupation which is practised on a large scale.

Question 3.
Find the reason behind it.
Answer:
Advantageous location of Maharashtra, progressive government policies, availability of raw material, i.e. sugarcane, good infrastructure and above all the ownership given to farmers in sugar factories are the reasons why this occupation is practised on a large scale.

Question 4.
Both human and natural factors affect occupations. Can you find those factors?
Answer:
Development of industries, availability of technical know-how and skilled manpower, existing labour laws and government policies pertaining to occupations development of infrastructure are the human factors that affect occupations.
Climate, terrain of a region, fertility of soil, susceptibility to natural calamities, availability of raw materials, etc. are the natural factors which affect occupations.

Question 5.
Obtain information about the damage caused to the environment through different occupations.
Answer:
Pollution of the environment in all its form – air, water, soil and land, deforestation, soil erosion, depletion of the ozone layer, etc. are some of the damages caused due to different occupations practised.

While practising occupations we should be careful not be cause of hazardous air emissions, land contamination leading to soil pollution, marine and coastal pollution caused due to untreated waste water, etc. Sustainable development, let us remember should be the need of the hour.

Visit a secondary occupation in your area gather information related to that occupation using the following points and note it down:
Answer:

Class 6 Geography Chapter 10 Human Occupations Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the following statements by choosing the correct options:

Question 1.
Occupations which are dependent on nature are called _______ occupations. (secondary, primary, tertiary)
Answer:
primary

Question 2.
Processed products are ________.(non-perishable, more durable, less durable)
Answer:
more durable

Question 3.
Occupations dependent on primary occupations are called ______ occupations. (primary, secondary, quaternary)
Answer:
secondary

Question 4.
The occupations which provide complimentary services to the other two occupations are called _________ occupations. (tertiary, secondary, primary)
Answer:
tertiary

Question 5.
Countries which have more manpower engaged in _______ activities are considered to be developed countries. (primary , secondary, tertiary)
Answer:
tertiary

Question 6.
Countries which have more manpower engaged in primary activities are considered to be _____ countries. (developed, developing, under developed)
Answer:
developing

Question 7.
transactions decide the country’s ______.(production, occupation, manpower)
Answer:
primary

Arrange the following in proper order:

• Selling milk products in the market.
• Obtaining milk and selling milk.
• Processing milk at milk processing centres.
• Rearing of domestic animals.
• Making ghee, butter, cheese, shrikhand, paneer, milk powder, etc.

Answer:

• Rearing of domestic animals.
• Obtaining milk and selling milk.
• Processing milk at milk processing centre.
• Making ghee, butter, cheese, shrikhand, paneer, milk powder, etc.
• Selling milk products in the market.

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Answer:
1 – d
2 – a
3 – b
4 – c
5 – f

Name the following:

Question 1.
Any two products obtained after processing milk at milk processing centre:
Answer:

1. Butter
2. Cheese

Question 2.
Any two animals domesticated by man:
Answer:

1. Cow
2. Buffalo

Question 3.
Occupation which is directly dependent on nature:
Answer:
Primary occupations.

Question 4.
Occupations dependent on primary occupations:
Answer:
Secondary occupations.

Question 5.
Occupations which provide complementary services to primary and secondary occupations:
Answer:
Tertiary occupations.

Question 6.
Occupations like sale of goods
Answer:
Tertiary occupations or service occupations

Question 7.
Occupations which requires special expertise:
Answer:
Quaternary occupations.

Question 8.
Countries which have more manpower engaged in tertiary activities:
Answer:
Developed countries.

Question 9.
Countries which have more manpower engaged in primary activities:
Answer:
Developing countries.

Complete the table:

Answer:

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
Why does man undertake various activities?
Answer:
Man undertakes various activities to satisfy his need.

Question 2.
How are activities undertaken by man classified?
Answer:
Activities undertaken by man are classified on the basis of their nature and the products they yield.

Question 3.
Where are raw materials supplied to the industries often obtained from?
Answer:
Raw materials supplied to the industries are often obtained from nature.

Question 4.
Which occupations require special skills and expertise?
Answer:
Quaternary occupations requires special skills and expertise.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Why are the prices of processed milk products higher?
Answer:

• Milk obtained from nature is processed and made into different products which involves high cost.
• These products are more durable.
• Their quality too is enhanced.
• Therefore their price is also higher.

Question 2.
Explain the term “Service occupation”.
Answer:

• The occupations which provide complementary services to the other two occupations, i.e., primary and secondary occupations are tertiary occupations.
• These occupations are complementary i.e., supportive to all other occupations.
• These occupations are called as service occupation e.g., transport of goods, loading and unloading of goods and sale of goods, etc.

Question 3.
A person testing the quality of a product is practising a quaternary occupation. Elaborate.
Answer:

• To test the quality of a product, a person must have some special skills.
• This service is not an ordinary one but the one which requires special expertise.
• Such services which requires special skills and expertise are called quaternary occupations.

Question 4.
How can we decide the extent of the country’s development?
Answer:

• Different occupations are practised in different countries of the world.
• Through these occupations, economic transactions occur within a country and between various countries.
• These transactions decide the country’s production of various goods and their national income.
• This, in turn, is used to decide the extent of a country’s development.

Question 5.
What decides the country’s annual income?
Answer:
Different occupations are practised in different countries of the world through which economic transactions occur within country and various countries which decide the country’s production of various goods and their annual income.

I can do this!

Question 1.
Answer:

Question 2.
Classify the occupations from primary to quaternary.
Answer:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 5 Temperature Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 5 Temperature

Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Temperature Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Where am I?

Question 1.
The isotherm 0°C runs in my surroundings:
Answer:
Northern Asia/Northem Canada.

Question 2.
The mean annual temperature is 25°C around me:
Answer:
Central Africa.

Question 3.
The mean annual temperature around me is 10°C:
Answer:
Northern Europe/Central Asia/USA.

B. Who am I?

Question 1.
I connect places of equal temperature.
Answer:
Isotherm.

Question 2.
I am useful for measuring the correct temperature.
Answer:
Simple thermometer.

Question 3.
I get heated due to the land or water near me.
Answer:
Air.

Question 4.
Land and water gets heated due to me.
Answer:
Sunrays.

C. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Explain with a diagram, the effect of the spherical shape of the earth on the temperature at different latitudes.
Answer:

• Due to the spherical shape of the earth and the resultant curvature of the surface, sunrays occupy a larger or a lesser area.
• Equatorial regions which receive straight rays of the sun occupy less space and heat received is more.
• Polar regions receive slant rays of the sun occupy larger space but the heat received is less.

Question 2.
What is the relation between the latitudinal extent and temperature of a region?
Answer:

• 0° and 23° 30′ North and South perpendicular rays. Temperatures are higher throughout the year.
• 23° 30′ and 66° 30′ North and South receive extreme slant rays. Temperatures are moderate.
• 66° 30′ and 90° North and South receive extreme slant rays. Temperatures are very low.

Question 3.
What makes the isotherms run zigzag over continental areas?
Answer:
Isotherms run zigzag over continental areas because the temperature is influenced by its physical set up and height above the mean sea level on the continent.

Activity:

• Use the thermometer in your school and note the daily temperature on a display board.
• For two weeks, take down in your notebook, the information regarding weather given in the daily newspapers. Discuss your notes in the classroom.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Temperature InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Find the range of temperature at Mumbai, Nagpur and Srinagar. Draw bar graphs for the same.
Answer:
Annual Range of temperature in °C

Answer the following questions with the help of figure:

Question 1.
What is the tube of the thermometer fixed on ?
Answer:
The tube of the thermometer is fixed on a mount.

Question 2.
What substance is used in the thermometer tube?
Answer:
Mercury or alcohol is used in the thermometer tube.

Question 3.
What do the figures on the scale indicate?
Answer:
The figures on the scale indicate temperature scale.

Question 4.
In which different units is the temperature measured?
Answer:
The temperature shows Celsius and Fahrenheit.

Question 5.
What season does the temperature in the figure indicate?
Answer:
The figure indicates summer season.

How will the rays fall between:

Question 1.
0° and 23° 30′ North and South?
Answer:
Perpendicular rays.

Question 2.
23° 30′ and 66° 30′ North and South?
Answer:
Slant rays.

Question 3.
66° 30′ and 90° North and South?
Answer:
Extreme slant rays.

What will you do?

You stay at ‘Man’ in Satara district. Your Grandma stays at Vengurla in Sindhudurg district. During Diwali, you often visit Vengurla. You like the sea coast there. The warm air of that region attracts you because you are freed from the dry air and scratching cold of your place. This time Grandma is suffering from asthma. Doctors have advised her to stay at a place which has a drier climate. What should you do?
Answer:

• Humid air is heavier than dry air, thus a person suffering from asthma finds it difficult to breathe in humid air.
• So, I will take my grandma to my place at Man’ in Satara district, as the air is dry in this region.

Think a little!

Question 1.
Will it be alright if water or oil is used in the thermometer?
Answer:
Water or oil cannot be used in a thermometer because they have a very high freezing part due to the lower temperature upto 30°C cannot be shown.

Question 2.
Where is the temperature of your district headquarters recorded?
Answer:
The temperature of the district headquarters is recorded in the district meteorological department.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Which season would be the best for visiting the following places and why? Goa, Chikhaldara, Chennai, Darjeeling, Ellora, Agra.
Answer:
Goa, Chennai, Ellora and Agra in the winter season. Chikhaldara and Darjeeling in the summer season.

Question 2.
Tell if the following statement is right or wrong. Give reasons.
In order to understand the climate of a region, the latitudinal extent is more useful than the longitudinal extent.
Answer:
The above statement is right.
In order to understand the climate of a region, the latitudinal extent is more useful because the earth is divided into three temperature zones depending on the amount of heat received from the equator to the North and South Poles.

Observe the map. Name the coastal areas that will experience changes in temperature. Give the reason for this.

Answer:
(i) West coast of North America : The California current moving from the Northern frigid zone to the torrid zone will reduce the temperature at this coast.

(ii) East coast of North America : The Gulf stream current flowing towards the northern frigid zone will increase the temperature at this coast.

(iii) West coast of Europe : The North Atlantic current flowing towards the Northern frigid zone will increase the temperature at this coast

Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Temperature Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks wish the right alternative given in the bracket:

Question 1.
The main factor which influences the distribution of temperature is ______. (ocean current, longitude, latitude)
Answer:
latitude

Question 2.
______gas can hold heat within itself in the atmosphere. (Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Hydrogen)
Answer:
Carbon dioxide

Question 3.
Isotherms are fairly parallel to the latitudinal line in the _____ hemisphere. (Northern, Western, Southern)
Answer:
Southern

Question 4.
Nagpur receives _______ climate. (extreme, equable, moderate)
Answer:
extreme

Question 5.
When an ocean current flows from the frigid to the torrid zone, it _____ the temperature of the coast in the torrid zone. (increase, reduces, equal)
Answer:
reduces

Question 6.
Isotherms are lines that connect places with the ______ temperature after avoiding the effect of the height, (different, same, moderate)
Answer:
same

Question 7.
Substance used in a thermometer tube is _____ (water, mercury, oil)
Answer:
mercury

Question 8.
The freezing point of mercury is _______°C. (-39, -49, -59)
Answer:
-39

Question 9.
The freezing point of alcohol is _____ °C. (-110, -120, -130)
Answer:
-130

Question 10.
Air temperature is measured in _______ (Celsius, Fahrenheit, Grams)
Answer:
Celsius

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – d
4 – b
5 – e

Give one word for the following sentences:

Question 1.
The sunrays which occupy less area.
Answer:
Perpendicular.

Question 2.
The sunrays which occupy larger area.
Answer:
Slant.

Question 3.
The climate in coastal areas.
Answer:
Equable.

Question 4.
The climate in continental areas.
Answer:
Extreme.

Question 5.
Food for fishes.
Answer:
Plankton.

Question 6.
Main factor responsible for influenceing the distribution of temperature.
Answer:
Latitude.

Question 7.
Measuring daily temperature.
Answer:
Thermometer.

Name the following:

Question 1.
Temperature zones on the earth:
Answer:
Torrid zone, temperate zone and frigid zone.

Question 2.
Lines drawn on a map by joining all the points having the same value:
Answer:
Isolines.

Question 3.
Two cold currents:
Answer:
Canaries and Peruvian current.

Question 4.
Two warm currents.:
Answer:
Equatorial and Brazil current.

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
What is diurnal range of temperature?
Answer:
The difference in maximum and minimum temperature of a day is called diurnal range of temperature.

Question 2.
What factors leads to horizontal currents in the ocean?
Answer:
Horizontal currents develop in the ocean due

difference in temperature
density of water and
winds.

Question 3.
What is the advantage of the convergence of warm and cold current?
Answer:
The convergence of warm and cold current favours the growth of plankton.

Question 4.
What are isolines?
Answer:
Lines drawn on a map by joining all the points having the same value are called isolines.

Question 5.
Where is the distance between the isotherms parallel?
Answer:
The distance between the isotherms are parallel from South Pole to the Tropic of Capricorn.

Question 6.
Which factors lead to diversity in the climate of different regions?
Answer:
The factors which lead to diversity in the climate of different regions are nearness to the sea, continentality, height above the mean sea level and physical level.

Question 7.
What is an annual range of temperature?
Answer:
The difference in the mean temperatures of summer and winter is called an annual range of temperature.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
There is unequal distribution of heat received from the Sun.
Answer:
The unequal distribution of heat received from the Sun is because:

• The earth is spherical in shape.
• The rays which fall on the equator are straight, occupy less area and give more heat.
• The rays which fall on the curvature i.e., on the polar regions are slant rays which occupy large area and give less heat.

Question 2.
The temperature near the sea level is higher and it decreases in the mountainous region.
Answer:

• Firstly, the sea water gets heated by the rays of the sun.
• The absorbed heat is later radiated into the atmosphere.
• So, the layer of air close to the surface gets heated.
• This heat gets transferred vertically to the adjacent upper layers of air.
• Therefore, the temperature near the sea level is higher and it decreases at the mountainous region.

Question 3.
In the coastal areas, as compared to continental areas, the temperature of air is lower during the day but warmer at night.
Answer:

• There is difference in the heating and cooling of land and water.
• The air over the land gets heated faster and also cools rapidly.
• The air over the water gets heated slowly and also loses the heat in a slower manner.
• The temperature of air is lower during the day but warmer at night, in the coastal areas when compared to continental areas.

Question 4.
Greenhouse gases lead to increasing temperature of the earth.
Answer:

• Some gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide and water vapour can hold the heat within themselves for a long period of time.
• Due to the gases, the temperature of air in the atmosphere increases.
• Thus, greenhouse gases lead to increasing temperature of the earth.

Question 5.
Regions, where warm and cold currents converge, are favourable for the growth of fisheries.
Answer:

• Regions, where warm and cold currents converge, are favourable for the growth of planktons.
• Planktons are the food for fishes.
• Fishes travel here in large numbers.
• They breed in warm waters and increase the number of fishes.
• Therefore, regions where warm and cold currents converge favour the growth of fisheries.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Explain the movement of ocean currents from equator to the polar region.
Answer:
Due to temperature differences, both upward and horizontal currents develop in the ocean. Besides temperature differences, factors like winds and differences in the density of water also give rise to horizontal currents. These ocean currents flow from the equator to the polar region and from the polar region to the equator.

Question 2.
Explain the effect of the ocean current flows from the frigid to the torrid zone.
Answer:
When an ocean current flows from the frigid to the torrid zone, it reduces the temperature of the coasts in the torrid zone. When a current flows from the torrid to the frigid zone, it increases the temperature of the coasts in the frigid zone.

I can do this!

Question 1.
Identify the temperature zones.
Answer:
There are three temperature zones namely torrid, temperate and frigid zones.

Question 2.
Tell the factors influencing temperature.
Answer:
Factors influencing temperature are latitude, winds, nearness to the sea, continentality, vegetation cover, cloud cover, physical set up, height above sea level and industrialisation.

Question 3.
Describe the global distribution of temperature with its characteristics.
Answer:
The isotherms in the southern hemisphere are fairly parallel to the latitudinal lines. From South Pole to the Tropic of Capricorn the distance between these lines is almost equal. As the proportion of land in the southern hemisphere is limited, temperatures in these parts are largely influenced by latitude.

In the northern hemisphere, the distance between these lines varies. In this hemisphere, the proportion of land is comparatively greater. This affects the distribution of temperature. These effects are seen in the form of variations in the distance between the isotherms and curved nature of these lines.

Question 4.
Describe the structure of a thermometer.
Answer:
A vacuum glass tube is filled with mercury or alcohol is mounted on a wooden board. There are two temperature scales showing Celsius and Fahrenheit.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 4 Weather and Climate Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 4 Weather and Climate

Class 6 Geography Chapter 4 Weather and Climate Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Who am I?

Question 1.
I keep on changing.
Answer:
Weather.

Question 2.
I am not the same in all places.
Answer:
Climate.

Question 3.
I am the solid state of water droplets.
Answer:
Snow.

Question 4.
I am present in the atmosphere in the form of vapour.
Answer:
Moisture.

B. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Why is the climate of Mahabaleshwar cool ?
Answer:
The climate of Mahabaleshwar is cool because it is situated at a high elevation. So, as we move upward from sea-level, the temperature of air decreases.

Question 2.
Why is the climate near the sea humid?
Answer:
The climate near the sea is humid because it contains greater amount of vapour mixed in the air.

Question 3.
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Answer:

Question 4.
What are the elements of weather?
Answer:
The elements of weather are:

• Temperature
• Air pressure
• Winds
• Moisture and
• Precipitation.

Question 5.
What effects do nearness to the sea and height above mean sea level have on the climate?
Answer:
Nearness to the sea leads to a humid climate whereas height above mean sea level will lead to a cool climate.

C. For the climatic conditions mentioned in the table, name the representative places known to you. (Use an atlas.)

Answer:

D. Complete the following table

Answer:

Activity:

Understand the climate of your place with the help of your teacher.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 4 Weather and Climate InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

A. The weather conditions of a few places in India are as follows on 10th June. Use the table to answer the questions.

Question 1.
In which place will the clothes on a clothesline dry quickly? Why?
Answer:
In Bhopal the clothes on the clothesline will dry quickly. Due to the hot sun the water in the wet clothes get converted into vapour quickly.

Question 2.
In which place will they dry slowly? Why?
Answer:
Clothes will take longer time to dry in Mussoorie because of the medium heat and cold air.

Question 3.
Will the atmospheric conditions at these places always remain the same or will they change?
Answer:
The atmospheric conditions of these places will change from time to time.

B. Which of the following statements are applicable to the conditions that you have experienced today or yesterday at the place where you live?

• It was cold in the morning.
• In the afternoon it become hot and humid.
• It rained suddenly in the afternoon.
• Cool breeze was blowing in the morning.
• Clouds gathered in the evening.
• The night sky was full of stars and a pleasant breeze was blowing.

Answer:
Students have to give answer to this question depending on the weather condition of one particular day where they live.

C. Since childhood you have experienced summers, rainy seasons and winters. On the basis of your experience answer the following questions.

Question 1.
In which months do summer, monsoon season and winter occur in a year from January to December? Show it in a chart.
Answer:

Question 2.
Which special clothes do we use if it is raining?
Answer:
If it is raining, we wear a raincoat or carry an umbrella.

Question 3.
When do we use woollen clothes?
Answer:
We wear woollen clothes in winter.

Question 4.
In which season do we mainly use thin cotton clothes?
Answer:
We wear cotton clothes in summer.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Which occupation will you practice in cold regions?
Answer:
Occupations practiced in cold region are lumbering and agriculture.

Question 2.
Which occupations will you practice in hot region?
Answer:
Occupations practiced in hot regions are animal husbandry and agriculture.

Observe the following map and write the answer to the question given below it.

Question 1.
An Indian Meteorological Department image of the storm that visited in November 2014 was shown. Tell in which sea the storm was located.
Answer:
Bay of Bengal.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 4 Weather and Climate Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the right option in the brackets:

Question 1.
Atmospheric conditions prevailing at a place and at a given time is called ______. (wind, weather, climate)
Answer:
weather

Question 2.
The temperature goes on ______ from the equator towards both the poles. (decreasing, increasing, being constant)
Answer:
decreasing

Question 3.
The horizontal movement of air is called ______. (pressure, humidity, wind)
Answer:
wind

Question 4.
_____ is defined by elements such as temperature, wind and humidity. (precipitation, weather, climate)
Answer:
weather

Question 5.
The air that has greater amount of vapour is called _____ air. (dry, hot, humid)
Answer:
humid

Question 6.
The humidity in the atmosphere is called _______. (moisture, oxygen, heat)
Answer:
moisture

Question 7.
The proportion of moisture in the atmosphere depends on ________.(winds, temperature, air pressure)
Answer:
temperature

Question 8.
Vapour in the atmosphere condenses into water droplets or snow and their showering on the earth is called ________.(precipitation, wind, climate)
Answer:
precipitation

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Answer:
1 – c
2 – d
3 – a
4 – b
5 – e

Name the following statements:

Question 1.
Elements of weather:
Answer:
Temperature, pressure, winds, humidity and precipitation.

Question 2.
Forms of precipitation:
Answer:
Rainfall, snowfall and hailstorm.

Question 3.
Climate is generally expressed as:
Answer:
‘Cool and dry ‘or ‘hot and humid’ or ‘hot and dry’, etc.

Question 4.
Factors influencing climate:
Answer:
Latitudinal position, height above sea level, nearness to ocean and oceanic currents.

Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is precipitation?
Answer:
Vapour in the atmosphere condenses into water droplets or snow particles, which shower on the earth. This is called as precipitation.

Question 2.
What is called air pressure?
Answer:
Air has weight and as a result it creates pressure. This is called air pressure.

Question 3.
What is wind?
Answer:
Air moving from high pressure towards low pressure areas in a horizontal direction is called wind.

Question 4.
What is called humid air?
Answer:
The atmosphere contains vapour. The air that has greater amount of vapour is called humid air.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
As we move upward from the sea-level, temperature of the air decreases.
Answer:

• The earth’s surface gets heat from the Sun.
• Thus, the surface gets heated.
• The air close to the earth surface starts becoming hot.
• Later, different layers of air at higher elevation receive heat.
• Therefore, as we move upward from sea-level, the temperature of air decreases.

Question 2.
Air pressure decreases with increasing height.
Answer:

• The lowermost layers of air are subjected to the pressure of the upper layers.
• So, the density of the lower layers of air increases.
• There is greater air pressure near the surface of the earth.
• Therefore, air pressure decreases with increasing height.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is known as precipitation?
Answer:
Vapour in the atmosphere condenses into water droplets or snow particles. Their showering on the earth is called precipitation.

Question 2.
What is called moisture?
Answer:
The humidity in the atmosphere is called moisture. The proportion of moisture in the atmosphere depends on the temperature. Air with higher temperature holds a greater amount of moisture.