Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript)

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript)

SOP 1: Create a JavaScript program for the following using appropriate variables, JavaScript inbuilt functions, and control structures.

  • To accept an integer and display the result by multiplying it with 3.
  • To accept two integers and display a larger number of them.
  • To check whether the user entered number is positive or negative.

Answer:
To accept integer and display the result by multiplying it with 3.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>To accept integer and display the result by multiplying it with 3.</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”> var a,no,ans;
a=prompt(Enter any value’);
no=parseInt(a);
ans=no*3;
document.
write(“The answer is :”+ans);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1.1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript)

To accept two integers and display larger number of them.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>To accept two integers and display larger number of them.</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”>
var a,b;
a=prompt(‘Enter first value’);
b=prompt(‘Enter second value’);
if(a>b)
document.write(“a is large number than b “);
else
document. write(“b is large number than a”);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1.2

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1.3

To check whether, user entered number is positive or negative.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>To check whether, user entered number is positive or negative</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”>
var a,no;
a=prompt(‘Enter any number’);
no=parseInt(a);
if(no>0)
document.write(“Number is Positive”);
else
document.write(“Number is Negative”);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1.4

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1.5

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1.6

SOP 2: Create a JavaScript program for the following using appropriate variables, JavaScript inbuilt functions, and control structures.

  • To accept two positive or negative numbers and check whether they are equal or not.
  • To accept a number and display the square of it.
  • To check whether the accepted integer is multiple of 3 or multiple of 7.

Answer:
To accept two positive or negative numbers and check whether they are equal or not.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>program3</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”> var no1,no2;
no1=prompt(‘Enter first number’);
no2=prompt(‘Enter Second number’);
if(no1==no2)
document.write(“Both are equal”);
else
document.write(“Given numbers are not equal”);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript)

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 2

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 2.1

To accept number and display square of it.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>To accept number and display square of it</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language-’j avascript”>
var no,sqr;
no=prompt(‘Enter Any number’);
sqr=no*no;
document, write (“The Square is=”+sqr);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 2.2

To check whether the accepted integer is multiple of 3 or multiple of 7.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>To check whether the accepted integer is multiple of 3 or multiple of 7.</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=JavaScript>
var a;
a=prompt(“Enter your first interger / number”);
if(a%3==0 | | a%7==0)
alert(“multiple of 3 or 7”);
else
alert(“not a multiple of 3 or 7”);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 2.3

SOP 3: Create a JavaScript program for the following using appropriate variables, JavaScript inbuilt string functions, and control structures.

  • To accept a string and calculate its length.
  • To accept a string and display it in lowercase and uppercase.
  • To check whether the length of the string is 4 or greater.

Answer:
To accept a string and calculate its length.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>program8</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”>
var a;
a=prompt(‘Enter string’);
document.write(“The length is=”+a.length);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript)

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 3

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 3.1

To accept string and display it into lowercase and uppercase.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title> To accept string and display it into lowercase and uppercase</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”>
var a;
a=prompt(‘Enter any string’);
document.write(“<br>Entering Strings “+a);
document.write(“<br>Lowercase=”+a.toLowerCase());
document.writeln(“<br>Uppercase=”+a.toUpperCase());
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 3.2
To check whether the length of string is 4 or greater.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> JavaScript</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=JavaScript>
var a,b;
a=prompt(“Enter your text”);
b=a.length;
if(b=4 || b>=4)
alert(‘‘your length is 4 or greater”);
else
alert(“your text length is below 4”);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 3.3

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 3.4

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript)

SOP 4: Create event-driven JavaScript programs for the following using appropriate variables, JavaScript inbuilt functions, and control structures.
To accept numbers and validate if the given value is a number or not by clicking on the button.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 4.4
To calculate the addition and division of two numbers.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 4.5
Answer:
To accept number and validate if the given value is a number or not by click
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> To accept number and validate if the given value is a number or not by clicking on the button.
</title>
</head>
<script language-’JavaScript”>
function display()
{
var a,b;
a=form1.t1;value;
if(a>=0)
alert(“Value is a number”+” “+a);
else
alert(“Value is a string”+” “+a);
}
</script>
</head>
</body>
<form name=form1>
Enter Value: <Input type=text name=t1><br><br>
<Input type=button value=Check onClick=”display()”>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 4

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 4.1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 4.2

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript)

To calculate addition and division of two numbers.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>To calculate addition and division of two numbers.</title>
<script langauge=”javascript”>
function add()
{
var a,b,result;
a=f1.t1.value;
b=f1.t2.value;
result=parselnt(a)+parselnt(b);
document.write(“The Addition is =”+result);
}
function div()
{
var a,b,d;
a=f1.t1.value;
b=f1.t2.value;
d=parselnt(a)/parselnt(b);
document.write(“The Divide is =”+d);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name=”f1”>
1st Number : <input type=”text” name=”t1”><br>
2nd Number : <input type=”text” name=”t2”><br>
<input type=”button” value=”Addition” name=”b1” onClick=”add()”>
<input type=”button” value=”Division” name=”b2” onClick=”div()”>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 4.3

Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 3.4 Interview Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview

11th English Digest Chapter 3.4 Interview Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1
Complete the following web diagram
Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview 1Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview 1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview 2

Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview

Question 2.
Given below are the prerequisites of an interview. Fill up the boxes with suitable actions to be undertaken with reference to the given points.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview 3
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview 4

(A1)

Question (i)
Complete the following statements with the help of the text.
Answer:
To learn about meditation you have to see how vour mind is working.
Watch your thinking. Do not correct vour thoughts. Do not supress vour thinking.
Begin to learn, to observe. Just watch thoughts. Do not move vour eyeballs.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview

(ii) Identify the incorrect statement from the following and correct them.

Question (a)
One wants others to change
Answer:
Correct

Question (b)
One can get rid of being ordinary
Answer:
Incorrect
Corrected Statement: One can get rid of being ordinary; not being ordinary.

Question (c)
Understanding the nature of greed does not ensure freedom from greed.
Answer:
Incorrect
Corrected Statement: Understanding the nature of greed ensures freedom from greed.

Question (d)
Learning is a finite process.
Answer:
Incorrect
Corrected Statement: Learning is an infinite process.

(A2)

Question (i)
Is an educated person the same as a degree holder? Make a list of the behaviours in educated people that you find unacceptable.
Answer:

  1. Throwing garbage along the roadside.
  2. Careless use of water, electricity and other natural resources.
  3. Waste of food.
  4. Careless use of public ammenities.
  5. Not following traffic rules.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview

(ii) Suggest what would you do in the following situations:

Question (i)
Your close friend has been using a fake social media account to play prank on others and is not ready to stop in spite of several attempts by you.
Answer:
I would tell him the consequences of his behaviour. I would divert his mind towards some creative activities. I would tell him to focus on his hobby or any other creative work.

Question (ii)
You are going through a crisis that is making you short tempered and impatient, due to which you end up causing harm to your family and friends. They have started complaining about it quite often.
Answer:
I would try to solve my own problems and in case it is not possible I would take someone’s (my family members or near and dear one’s) help to solve it. I would control my anger and would meditate daily. I would focus on the positive things near me and try to learn time management and develop perseverance. This would help to repair my relation with my near and dear ones.

Question (iii)
One particular friend of yours is always late for college, social functions, movies etc, and delays everyone.
Answer:
I would tell him that time is precious, and all of us have time constraints. I would also tell him the benefits of doing things in time.

Question (iv)
You realise that you no longer want to pursue your studies in the stream you have selected.
Answer:
At first I would focus on the interesting areas in the same stream and try to get acquainted with it. I would explore in the same stream again. In spite of the efforts I have taken, if it does not work, I would go for the other stream with the help of an expert’s advice.

(A3)

Question (i)
Consult the thesaurus and note down synonyms for ordinary. Use the words in your own sentences.
Answer:
Ordinary – Banal, normal, common
(a) Ordinary – Her gown was too ordinary for the ceremony.
(b) Banal – He finds geometric problems very banal.
(c) Normal – I expected to be home at my normal time.
(d) Common – Maaz and Raj do not talk much as they do not share a common language.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview

Question (ii)
Find the meanings of the following words and use them in your own sentences.
Answer:
(a) Trite – meaning: lacking originality
sentence: Sometimes we do come across many trite sayings/poems, but they are still quite interesting,
(b) Routine – meaning: regular, usual
sentence: That was my mother’s routine check-up.
(c) Cliched – meaning: a remark that is made often
sentence: This may round cliched, hut this is the truth you have to bear with,
(d) Regular – meaning: everyday
sentence: Exercise should be practised on a regular basis.

Question (iii)
Complete the table.
Answer:

The world around you what we should aim to be
Callous caring for people, environment, and life
Violent calm, unagressive behaviour, serene
Greedy helpful by nature, charitable and generous
Corrupt Honest in behaviour, ethical and virtuous

Question (iv)
Note down ways in which you can make your life less ordinary in terms of –
Answer:
(a) Utilisation of time: Everyone is alloted the same time of 24 hrs in a day. I will set small goals and achieve the same in a particular time. I will utilize the saved time for my (own development)/personality development and for any social coause. In this way I will utilize my time to the fullest.

(b) Pursuing goals other than the material goals: Pursuing good and healthy life or any spiritual goal is more important than material goal. I would set goals for pursuing it. For my spiritual growth I would learn and practice yoga and meditation. For pursuing healthy life I will practise healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, maintenance of hygiene.

(c) Nurturing relationships : I have good relation with my family members, neighbours and relatives. I will not only maintain but also develop it. I will always spend some time with them, respect their thoughts, feelings and take their care. I would always help them in their need.

(d) Being a better human being: In order to be a better human being I will develop the habit of helping others, honesty, open mindedness, positive attitude, punctuality and many other. At the same time I will keep myself always away from bad company, laziness, hatred, greed. I will always help the poor and the needy, respect my parents and teachers, elderly relatives and neighbours. I will use natural resources, water, electricity, public amenities judiciously. By planting trees, I would also contribute in reducing global warming.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview

(A4)

Question 1.
Place the given areas of question from the list in the appropriate columns.

  • Future plans
  • Inspiration
  • Overcoming hurdles/ struggle
  • Coach/ mentor/ guide/ teacher
  • Message for the youngsters
  • Family support
  • Alternate career choice
  • First or maiden award / achievement / success / setbacks
  • Turning point in life / success formula / technique

Answer:

Section of the Interview Aspects to be covered
1. Introduction Welcoming / Greeting, Introduction of the guest/occasion.
2. Opening questions Inspiration
3. Main body Coach, guide, mentor, teacher Overcoming hurdles, struggle Family support

First award, achievement, success, setbacks Alternate career choice [memorable incident] Turning point, success formula, technique

4. Concluding Message for the youngsters and future plans
5. Summing up Concluding statement, Expressing gratitude.

Question (ii)
‘Once you begin to learn there is no end to learning’. Write your views on this statement.
Answer:
A person is a student throughout his life. When a child is born he learns to crawl, walk, run. In the school he learns various subjects along with sportsmanship, helping others nature, caring and sharing. He practises all of it in his life. There are many life skills too which man learns. It being a need of time throughout his life, one actually goes on learning various new things knowingly or unknowingly. Knowledge has no end.

Question (iii)
You are a class representive and you are assigned by the Principal of your college, to conduct an interview of a leading personality in a particular field. You have to conduct the interview
with the help of the points in the table provided above.
Answer:
Interview of Sachin Tendulkar.
[Sachin Tendulkar was invited as a Chief Guest for the prize distribution ceremony in our college. I was privileged to interview him.]

Student: Good morning sir. I welcome you in our college. It’s my privilege to interview a great youth icon like you. First I would like to ask you about your career.
When did you begin to play?
Sachin: Actually I started in my early childhood, when I was just 5 years. Then I started playing in my society. Following regular practice, a day came when I was selected in the Indian Cricket Team.
Student: Who inspired you to play cricket ?
Sachin: Initially my father was my inspiration. He was the one who inspired me to play cricket for our nation. At that moment I made a promise to myself that I will play for my nation. My elder brothers also inspired me. while playing and learning Cricket. Sunil Gavaskar, Kapil Dev and many others inspired me a lot. I did study many techniques and learnt a lot from them.
Student: What role did your coach play in your life?
Sachin: He actually shaped my life. It is because of his inspiration and guidance I could succeed. He is my guru in real sense.
Student: Can you share a memorable incident from your life?
Sachin: Actually there are many. The first is my selection in the Indian Cricket Team and the day. I got Bharatratna are the two most cherished moments of my life.
Student: How did your family members support you in this colourful journey?
Sachin: I owe a lot to my family. My parents, my brothers have always been a source of inspiration in my journey till today. I remember the days when I was too young to travel alone and the cricket ground was far away from my house. My Father would accompany me. He would wait for me till my practice got over. Not only that, even today they all are my strong support. Sometimes certain incidents would make me nervous. My brothers would encourage me. My mother always taught me to look at the positive side of life. I could overcome every obstacle in my life only because of their strong support.
Student: How did you become successful in this field?
Sachin: Hard work is the only keynote to success. I strongly believe that you can achieve anything in your life if you work hard. Sincerity an a whole hearted devotion is must. For me satisfaction matters more than success. I did not play cricket to become a hero. I played because it gave me immense joy and satisfaction. These is no short cut to success. If you follow the path of sincerity, honesty, hard work, devotion and focus towards achieving your goal. Success automatically follows you.

Student: What message would you like to give to the strugglers who wish to make career in cricket? Sachin: Now-a-days, I see many children who wish to make career in Cricket. I would suggest them to follow their heart. Practise regularly in such a way that it should be your passion. Ultimately what you give will come back a thousand times.

Set a goal which should be high and run after it till you achieve it. This is not just for Cricket but anything that you wish to achieve Swami Vivekanand said “Awake, arise and stop not till you achieve your dream”. Follow this from your heart and see that your dreams come true.
Student: What are your future plans?
Sachin: Actually I have taken formal retirement from Cricket. But this does not mean that I have stopped playing Cricket. I do play almost daily. I am planing to guide the freshers. Cricket as you know is my passion and I will never stop playing it.
Student: Sir, the youngsters, specially the Cricket aspirant will surely follow your advice. I thank you very much for your valuable guidance and for sparing your time for us.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview

(A5)

Question (i)
‘Live as if you were to die tomorrow, learn as if you were to live forever’ Mahatma Gandhi. Collect some quotes on education by famous thinkers.
Answer:
An investment in knowledge pays the best investment’ – Benjamin Franklin
Education is the passport to the future for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today- Malcolm X. Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the would. Nelson Mandela Education is the ability to meet life’s situation – Dr John G Hibbenad

Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 3.4 Interview Additional Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Prepare a list of questions to be asked while interviewing a jawan from Indian Army.
Answer:

  1. When did you join Indian Army?
  2. How did you prepare yourself for selection in Indian Army?
  3. Where were you posted while in Indian Army?
  4. How do you protect yourself while doing duty where there is an extreme weather ?
  5. How do you prepare yourself while going on a mission ?
  6. How did your family members support you when you joined Army?
  7. Can you share any memorable incident from your life?
  8. What message would you like to give the youngsters struggling to get selected in Indian Army?
  9. what message would you give to the countrymen?

Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Determinants and Matrices Ex 4.1

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 4 Determinants and Matrices Ex 4.1 Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Determinants and Matrices Ex 4.1

Question 1.
Find the values of the determinants.
i. \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
2 & -4 \\
7 & -15
\end{array}\right|\)
ii. \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
2 {i} & 3 \\
4 & -{i}
\end{array}\right|\)
iii. \(\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
3 & -4 & 5 \\
1 & 1 & -2 \\
2 & 3 & 1
\end{array}\right|\)
iv. \(\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
\mathbf{a} & \mathbf{h} & \mathbf{g} \\
\mathbf{h} & \mathbf{b} & \mathbf{f} \\
\mathbf{g} & \mathbf{f} & \mathbf{c}
\end{array}\right|\)
Solution:
i. \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
2 & -4 \\
7 & -15
\end{array}\right|\)
= 2(-15) – (-4)(7)
= -30 + 28
= – 2

Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Determinants and Matrices Ex 4.1

ii. \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
2 {i} & 3 \\
4 & -{i}
\end{array}\right|\)
= 2i(-i) – 3(4)
= -2i2 – 12
= -2(-1) – 12 … [∵ i2 = -1]
= 2 – 12
= -10

iii. \(\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
3 & -4 & 5 \\
1 & 1 & -2 \\
2 & 3 & 1
\end{array}\right|\)
= \(3\left|\begin{array}{cc}
1 & -2 \\
3 & 1
\end{array}\right|-(-4)\left|\begin{array}{cc}
1 & -2 \\
2 & 1
\end{array}\right|+5\left|\begin{array}{ll}
1 & 1 \\
2 & 3
\end{array}\right|\)
= 3(1 + 6)+ 4(1 + 4)+ 5(3 – 2)
= 3(7) + 4(5) + 5(1)
= 21 + 20 + 5
= 46

iv. \(\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
\mathbf{a} & \mathbf{h} & \mathbf{g} \\
\mathbf{h} & \mathbf{b} & \mathbf{f} \\
\mathbf{g} & \mathbf{f} & \mathbf{c}
\end{array}\right|\) = \({a}\left|\begin{array}{ll}
{b} & {f} \\
{f} & {c}
\end{array}\right|-{h}\left|\begin{array}{ll}
{h} & {f} \\
{g} & {c}
\end{array}\right|+{g}\left|\begin{array}{ll}
{h} & {b} \\
{g} & {f}
\end{array}\right|\)
= a(bc – f2) – h(hc — gf) + g(hf- gb)
= abc – af2 – h2c + fgh + fgh – g2b
= abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2
= (-15) – (-4)(7)
= -30 + 28
= -2

Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Determinants and Matrices Ex 4.1

Question 2.
Find the values of x, if
i. \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
x^{2}-x+1 & x+1 \\
x+1 & x+1
\end{array}\right|=0\)
ii. \(\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
x & -1 & 2 \\
2 x & 1 & -3 \\
3 & -4 & 5
\end{array}\right|=29\)
Solution:
i. \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
x^{2}-x+1 & x+1 \\
x+1 & x+1
\end{array}\right|=0\)
∴ (x2 – x + 1)(x + 1) – (x + 1)(x + 1) = 0
∴ (x + 1)[x2 – x + 1 — (x + 1)] = 0
∴ (x + 1)(x2 — x + 1 – x- 1) = 0
∴ (x + 1 )(x2 – 2x) = 0
∴ (x + 1) x(x – 2) = 0
∴ x = 0 or x + 1 = 0 or x – 2 = 0
∴ x = 0 or x = -1 or x = 2

ii. \(\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
x & -1 & 2 \\
2 x & 1 & -3 \\
3 & -4 & 5
\end{array}\right|=29\) = 29
∴ \(x\left|\begin{array}{cc}
1 & -3 \\
-4 & 5
\end{array}\right|-(-1)\left|\begin{array}{cc}
2 x & -3 \\
3 & 5
\end{array}\right|+2\left|\begin{array}{cc}
2 x & 1 \\
3 & -4
\end{array}\right|=29\)
x(5 – 12) + 1(10x + 9) + 2(-8x – 3) = 29
∴ -7x + 10x + 9 – 16x – 6 = 29
∴ -13x + 3 = 29
∴ -13x = 26
∴ x = -2

Question 3.
Find x and y if \(\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
4 \mathbf{i} & \mathbf{i}^{3} & 2 \mathrm{i} \\
1 & 3 i^{2} & 4 \\
5 & -3 & i
\end{array}\right|\) = x + iy, where i2 = -1
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Determinants and Matrices Ex 4.1 1
= 4i(-3i + 12) + i(i – 20) + 2i(-3 + 15)
= 12i2 + 48i + i2 – 20i + 24i
= -11i2 + 52i
= -11(-1) + 52i … [∵ i2 = -1]
= 11 + 52i
Comparing with x + iy, we get x = 11, y = 52

Question 4.
Find the minors and cofactors of elements of the determinant D = \(\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
2 & -1 & 3 \\
1 & 2 & -1 \\
5 & 7 & 2
\end{array}\right|\)
Soution:
Here, \(\left|\begin{array}{lll}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} \\
a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23} \\
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}
\end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
2 & -1 & 3 \\
1 & 2 & -1 \\
5 & 7 & 2
\end{array}\right|\)
M11 = \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
2 & -1 \\
7 & 2
\end{array}\right|\) = 4 + 7 = 11
C11 = (-1)1+1M11 = (1)(11) = 11

M12 = \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
1 & -1 \\
5 & 2
\end{array}\right|\) = 2 + 5 = 7
C12 = = (-1)1+2M12 = (-1)(7) = 11

M13 = \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
1 & 2 \\
5 & 7
\end{array}\right|\) = 7 – 10 = -3
C13 = = (-1)1+3M13 = (1)(-3) = -3

Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Determinants and Matrices Ex 4.1

M21 = \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 3 \\
7 & 2
\end{array}\right|\) = -2 – 21 = 23
C21 = (-1)2+1M21 = (-1)(-23) = 23

M22 = \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
2 & 3 \\
5 & 2
\end{array}\right|\) = 4 – 15 = -11
C22 = (-1)2+2M22 = (1)(-11) = -11

M23 = \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
2 & -1 \\
5 & 7
\end{array}\right|\) = 14 + 5 = 19
C23 = (-1)1+1M23 = (1)(11) = 11

M31 = \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 3 \\
1 & -1
\end{array}\right|\) = 1 – 6 = -5
C31 = (-1)3+1M31 = (1)(-5) = -5

M32 = \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
2 & 3 \\
1 & -1
\end{array}\right|\) = -2 – 3 = -5
C32 = (-1)3+2M32 = (-1)(-5) = 5

M33 = \(\left|\begin{array}{cc}
2 & -1 \\
1 & 2
\end{array}\right|\) = 4 + 1 = 5
C33 = (-1)3+3M33 = (1)(5) = 5

Question 5.
Evaluate \(\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
2 & -3 & 5 \\
6 & 0 & 4 \\
1 & 5 & -7
\end{array}\right|\) and cofactors of elements in the 2nd determinant and verify:
i. – a21.M21 + a22.M22 – a23.M23 = value of A a21.C21 + a22.C22 + a23.C23 — value of A where M21, M22, M23 are minors of a21, a22, a23 and C21, C22, C23 are cofactors of a21, a22, a23.
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Determinants and Matrices Ex 4.1 2
= 2(0 – 20) + 3(- 42 – 4) + 5(30 – 0) = 2(-20) + 3(- 46) + 5(30)
= 2(0 – 20) + 3(- 42 – 4) + 5(30 – 0) = 2(-20) + 3(- 46) + 5(30)
= -40-138+ 150 = -28
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Determinants and Matrices Ex 4.1 3
– a21.M21 + a22.M22 – a23.M23
= – (6)(- 4) + (0)(-19) – (4)(13)
= 24 + 0 – 52
= -28
– a21.M21 + a22.M22 – a23.M23 = value of A

ii. a21.C21 + a22.C22 + a23.C23
= (6)(4) +(0)(-19)+ (4)(-13)
= 24 + 0-52 .
= -28
a21.C21 + a22.C22 + a23.C23 = value of A

Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Determinants and Matrices Ex 4.1

Question 6.
Find the value of determinant expanding along third column \(\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
-1 & 1 & 2 \\
-2 & 3 & -4 \\
-3 & 4 & 0
\end{array}\right|\)
Solution:
Here, \(\left|\begin{array}{lll}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} \\
a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23} \\
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}
\end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
-1 & 1 & 2 \\
-2 & 3 & -4 \\
-3 & 4 & 0
\end{array}\right|\)
Expantion along the third column
= a13C13 + a23C23 + a33C33
= 2 x (-1)1+3 \(\left|\begin{array}{ll}
-2 & 3 \\
-3 & 4
\end{array}\right|\)-4 x (-1)2+3 \(\left|\begin{array}{ll}
-1 & 1 \\
-3 & 4
\end{array}\right|\) + 0 x (-1)3+3 \(\left|\begin{array}{ll}
-1 & 1 \\
-2 & 3
\end{array}\right|\)
= 2 (-8 + 9) +4 (-4 + 3) + O
= 2 – 4
= -2

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML – 5)

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML – 5) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML – 5)

SOP 1: Write a program using HTML with the following specifications.

  • The background colour should be green.
  • The text colour should be red.
  • The heading should be as large in size as ‘My First Web Page’.
  • Display a horizontal line after the heading.
  • Display your name in Bold, address in Italics, and standard as 11th.

Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>sop1</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=green text= red>
<h1> My First Web Page </h1>
<hr>
<b> Reliable Publications</b>
<br>
<i> Chira bazar,Charni road,Mumbai</i>
<br>
Standard 11th.
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5)

SOP 2: Create a web page with, following specifications.

  • Image of any scientist with an alternate text as his name.
  • Create a paragraph related to the information of that scientist.
  • Create a table of his/her inventions.

Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>sop2</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src=”Albert Einstein.jpg” alt=”Albert Einstein”>
<br>
<p>
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity,<br> one of the two pillars of modern physics.His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.
</p>
<table border=5 bordercolor=pink>
<tr>
<th> Sr no.</th>
<th> Invention </th>
<th> Year</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Quantum Theory of Light </td>
<td>1905</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Theory of Relativity</td>
<td>1907</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 2

SOP 3: Create a webpage with the following specifications.

  • Display heading ‘Application Form’ in the highest heading with center alignment.
  • Accept name, standard 11th or 12th with only one selection choice.
  • Submit the form.

Answer:
<! DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head> <title> sop3</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align=center> Application Form </h1>
<form>
Enter Name:<input type=text name=t1>
<br><br>
Standard:<br>
<input type=”radio” name=r1>11th<br>
<input type=”radio” name=r1>12th<br>
<br><br>
<input type=”submit” value=”Submit”>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 3

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5)

SOP 4: Write a program using HTML with the following specification.
A webpage with details about a class with a total number of students-100, (Boys – 50), Girls – 50 in tabular form.
e.g.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 4
Link this page to another page as follows.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 4.1
Demo.html
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>New Page 1</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<table border=”1” width=”69%” >
<tr bgcolor=pink>
<td>Number of Students</td>
<td>Boy</td>
<td>Girls</td>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor=”lightgreen”>
<td>100</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 4.2

Demo
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>the heading</title>
</head>
<BODY>
<header>
<center>
<table border=”1” align=center>
<tr align=center>
<td><a href=”sop4.html”>STD – XI</a>
<br>Stream – Science<br>
Div – A<br></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 4.3

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Hindi Yuvakbharati 11th Digest Chapter 1 प्रेरणा Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

11th Hindi Digest Chapter 1 प्रेरणा Textbook Questions and Answers

कृति-स्वाध्याय एवं उत्तर

आकलन

1. सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

प्रश्न अ.
कारण लिखिए –

(a) माँ, मेरी आवाज सुनकर रोती है –
उत्तर :
माँ, मेरी आवाज सुनकर रोती है क्योंकि उसकी ममता आँसुओं के रूप में फूट पड़ती है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

(b) बच्चों को माता-पिता का प्यार टुकड़ों में मिलता है –
उत्तर :
बच्चों को माता-पिता का प्यार टुकड़ों में मिलता है क्योंकि माता-पिता पर काम पर जाने की मजबूरी है।

(c) कवि की उम्र बढ़ती ही नहीं है –
उत्तर :
कवि की उम्र बढ़ती ही नहीं है क्योंकि उसने अपनी आँखों में स्वयं को एक बालक के रूप में पाया।

प्रश्न आ.
लिखिए –

(a)
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा 3
उत्तर :
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा 2

काव्य सौंदर्य

2.

प्रश्न अ.
ममत्व का भाव प्रकट करने वाली कोई भी एक त्रिवेणी ढूँढ़कर उसका अर्थ लिखिए।
उत्तर :
‘माँ मेरी बे-वजह ही रोती है
फोन पर जब भी बात होती है
फोन रखने पर मैं भी रोता हूँ।’

प्रस्तुत त्रिवेणी में ममत्व का भाव प्रकट हुआ है। जब कभी कवि अपनी माँ को फोन करता है तब पुत्र की आवाज सुनकर माँ की ममता रो पड़ती है। कवि भले ही इसे बे-वजह रोना कहता है, परंतु सच्चाई तो यही है कि कवि भी फोन रखने के बाद रोता है क्योंकि माता और पुत्र दोनों एक-दूसरे के स्नेह के लिए तरसते हैं और उनका एक-दूसरे के प्रति स्नेह आँसुओं के रूप में आँखों से बहने लगता है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

प्रश्न आ.
निम्न पंक्तियों में से प्रतीकात्मक पंक्ति छाँटकर उसे स्पष्ट कीजिए –
(a) चलते-चलते जो कभी गिर जाओ
(b) रात की कोख ही से सुबह जनम लेती है
(c) अपनी आँखों में जब भी देखा है
उत्तर :
‘रात की कोख से सुबह जनम लेती है’ यह पंक्ति प्रतीकात्मक (symbolic) पंक्ति है। यहाँ रात दुख एवं अँधेरे का प्रतीक है और सुबह सुख एवं उजाले का प्रतीक है। सुख और दुख का आना-जाना दिन और रात के समान है। दोनों स्थायी रूप से जीवन में कभी नहीं रहते। जैसे रात के बाद दिन का आना निश्चित है वैसे ही दुख के बाद सुख का आना भी निश्चित है। अत: दुखसुख दोनों का सहर्ष (readily) स्वागत करते हुए जिंदगी में आगे बढ़ना चाहिए।

अभिव्यक्ति

3.

प्रश्न अ.
पालनाघर की आवश्यकता पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर :
आज कामकाजी महिलाओं को घर से बाहर जाना पड़ता है और यह समय की माँग भी है कि पति-पत्नी दोनों अपने परिवार नैया की पतवार सँभालें। ऐसी स्थिति में इनके छोटे बच्चों को परेशानी होती है। कभी-कभी इसका परिणाम इनके कार्य पर भी पड़ता है। ऐसे में कामकाजी महिलाओं के बच्चों के लिए पालनाघर की सुविधा आवश्यक है। पालनाघर में बच्चों को घर जैसी देखरेख और सुरक्षा मिलती है।

अगर पालनाघर में बच्चे को घर जैसा माहौल मिलता हो तो महिलाएँ निश्चित होकर आत्मनिर्भर बनने के लिए कदम उठा पाती हैं। भारत की आधी आबादी महिलाओं की है। अत: महिलाएँ अगर श्रम में योगदान दें तो भारत का विकास तेजी से होगा। पालनाघर की सुविधा मुहैया कराने से महिलाओं की भागीदारी बढ़ेगी और देश के विकास पर इसका असर अवश्य दिखाई देगा। उन्हें बच्चों की देखभाल करने के लिए काम छोड़ने की नौबत नहीं आएगी।

घरेलु आमदनी में भी इजाफा (increase) होगा। परिणामत: बच्चों की सेहत और शिक्षा में भी सुधार होगा। संक्षेप में महिलाओं का काम करना महत्त्वपूर्ण है ताकि उन्हें अलग पहचान मिले और इसके लिए पालनाघर की सुविधा अगर उनके कार्य-स्थल के आस-पास हो तो सोने पे सुहागा हो सकता है।

प्रश्न आ.
नौकरीपेशा अभिभावकों के बच्चों के पालन की समस्या पर प्रकाश डालिए।
उत्तर :
आजकल माता-पिता दोनों का नौकरी करना बहुत ही आम बात है। ऐसे में उनके बच्चों के पालन की समस्या उभर आती है। बच्चों की तरफ पूरा-पूरा ध्यान दे पाना उनके लिए मुश्किल होता है। नौकरी और बच्चों का लालन-पालन दोनों में संतुलन बनाना कठिन हो जाता है।

बच्चों की परवरिश उनके लिए एक समस्या बन जाती है। वास्तव में कामकाजी माता-पिता के पास अक्सर समय की कमी होती है। समय का उचित नियोजन करके इस समस्या से निजात (escape) पाया जा सकता है। अपने छोटे-छोटे कार्यों में बच्चों को सम्मिलित कर लेने से बच्चों को भी अहमियत मिल जाती है और बच्चे जिम्मेदार भी बन जाते हैं। घर का समय बच्चों को देकर उन्हें खुश रखा जा सकता है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

उन्हें अच्छी आदतें सिखाने का समय मिल जाता है। माता-पिता के जीवन में बच्चे महत्त्वपूर्ण हैं इस बात का एहसास दिलाया जा सकता है। अक्सर कामकाजी माता-पिता के बच्चों के मन में यह भावना पनपती (flourish) रहती है कि माता-पिता के लिए काम ही महत्त्वपूर्ण है और वे बच्चों से प्यार नहीं करते। कई बार दफ्तर की परेशानियाँ घर तक ले आते हैं और अपना क्रोध वे बच्चों पर निकाल देते हैं।

ऐसे में डर के कारण बच्चे अभिभावकों से दूर हो जाते हैं। इस स्थिति से बचने की कोशिश अभिभावक अवश्य करें। बच्चों की बातें चाव से सुनना, दफ्तर की बातें उन्हें बताना, साथ में भोजन करना, छुट्टी के दिन घूमने ले जाना जैसी छोटी-छोटी बातें भी कामकाजी अभिभावक और बच्चों का रिश्ता मजबूत करती हैं। इस प्रकार समस्या हैं तो उसके उपाय भी है जिन पर अवश्य अमल करना चाहिए।

रसास्वादन

4. आधुनिक जीवन शैली के कारण निर्मित समस्याओं से जूझने की प्रेरणा इन त्रिवेणियों से मिलती है, स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर :
(i) शीर्षक : प्रेरणा
(ii) रचनाकार : त्रिपुरारि
(iii) केंद्रीय कल्पना : अर्थ प्रधान एवं अतिव्यस्त आधुनिक जीवन शैली अपनाने के कारण आज मनुष्य न चाहते हुए भी अकेला पड़ गया है। तनाव में जी रहा है। मानसिक असंतुलन, चिंता, उदासी, सूनापन आदि से चारों ओर से घिरा है। भाग-दौड़ भरी जिंदगी में आगे निकलने की होड़ लगी हैं और उसके रिश्ते पीछे छूट रहे हैं। जिंदगी की आपाधापी में जुटे माता-पिता के बच्चों को स्नेह भी टुकड़ों में मिलता है।

जीवन की इन समस्याओं को उजागर करते हुए त्रिपुरारि जी ने अपनी त्रिवेणियों में माँ के ममत्व और पिता की गरिमा को भी व्यक्त किया है। जीवन में आगे निकलने की होड़ में चोट खाकर गिरने पर भी सँभलकर फिर से चलने की, आगे बढ़ने की सलाह दी है।

(iv) रस-अलंकार : तीन पंक्तियों के मुक्त छंद में इस कविता की त्रिवेणियाँ लिखी हुई हैं।

(v) प्रतीक विधान : जीवन के प्रति सकारात्मकता का विधान है – पेड़ में बीज और बीज में पेड़ छुपा है। यहाँ बीज हमारी भावनाओं का प्रतीक है और उसे आँसुओं के जल से सींचकर खुशियों का वृक्ष फलता फूलता है।

(vi) कल्पना : खुद के भीतर छिपे बालक को जीवित रखने की कल्पना हमें तनाव, कुंठा से मुक्ति देगी।

(vii) पंसद की पंक्तियाँ तथा प्रभाव :
‘चाहे कितनी ही मुश्किलें आएँ
छोड़ना मत उम्मीद का दामन
नाउम्मीदी तो मौत है प्यारे।’
यह त्रिवेणी मुझे पसंद है क्योंकि सचमुच कठिनाइयों से घबराकर निराश व्यक्ति जीते जी मर जाता है। हर अंधेरी काली रात के बाद सुबह उजाला लेकर अवश्य आता है। ठीक इसी तरह दुख के बाद सुख का आना निश्चित है इस उम्मीद के साथ जीना चाहिए। यही जीवन के प्रति सकारात्मकता है।

(viii) कविता पसंद आने के कारण : सामयिक स्थितियाँ, रिश्ते और जीवन के प्रति सकारात्मकता कविता का मुख्य विषय है जो प्रेरणादायी है। त्रिपुरारि जी की ये त्रिवेणियाँ हमें जीने की कला सिखाती है, इसीलिए मुझे कविता पसंद है।

साहित्य संबंधी सामान्य ज्ञान

5. जानकारी दीजिए:

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

प्रश्न अ.
त्रिवेणी’ काव्य प्रकार की विशेषताएँ –
(a) ……………………………………………..
(b) ……………………………………………..
उत्तर :
(a) तीन पंक्तियों का मुक्त छंद है।
(b) मात्र तीन पंक्तियों में कल्पना और यथार्थ (reality) की अभिव्यक्ति (expression) होती है।

प्रश्न आ.
त्रिपुरारि जी की अन्य रचनाएँ –
(a) ……………………………………………..
(b) ……………………………………………..
उत्तर :
(a) नींद की नदी (कविता संग्रह)
(b) नॉर्थ कैंपस (कहानी संग्रह)

रस

काव्यशास्त्र में आचार्यों ने रस को काव्य की आत्मा माना है। विभाव, अनुभाव, व्यभिचारी (संचारी) भाव और स्थायी भाव रस के अंग हैं और इन अंगों अर्थात तत्त्वों के संयोग से रस की निष्पत्ति होती है।

साहित्यशास्त्र में नौ प्रकार के रस माने गए हैं। कालांतर में अन्य दो रसों को सम्मिलित किया गया है।

रस  स्थायी भाव
(१) शृंगार  प्रेम
(७) भयानक  भय
(२) शांत  शांति
(८) बीभत्स  घृणा
(३) करुण  शोक
(९) अद्भुत  आश्चर्य
(४) हास्य  हास
(१०) वात्सल्य  ममत्व
(५) वीर  उत्साह
(११) भक्ति  भक्ति
(६) रौद्र  क्रोध

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

करुण रस :
किसी प्रियजन या इष्ट के कष्ट, शोक, दुख, मृत्युजनित प्रसंग के कारण अथवा किसी प्रकार की अनिष्ट आशंका के फलस्वरूप हृदय में पीड़ा या क्षोभ का भाव उत्पन्न होता है, वहाँ करुण रस की अभिव्यंजना होती है।
उदा. –
(१) वह आता –
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता पथ पर आता।
पेट – पीठ दोनों मिलकर हैं एक,
– मैथिलीशरण गुप्त

(२) अबला जीवन हाय ! तुम्हारी यही कहानी,
आँचल में है दूध और आँखों में पानी।
चल रहा लकुटिया टेक
मुट्ठी भर दाने को भूख मिटाने को,
मुँह फटी झोली फैलाता।
– सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी ‘निराला’

Yuvakbharati Hindi 11th Textbook Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा Additional Important Questions and Answers

कृतिपत्रिका

(अ) निम्नलिखित पठित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

पद्यांश : माँ मेरी बे-वजह ………………………………………… टुकड़ों में मिले हैं माँ-बाप (पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. 1)

प्रश्न 1.
कारण लिखिए :

(i) माँ, मेरी आवाज सुनकर रोती है –
उत्तर :
माँ, मेरी आवाज सुनकर रोती है क्योंकि उसकी ममता आँसुओं के रूप में फूट पड़ती है।

(ii) बच्चों को माता-पिता का प्यार टुकड़ों में मिलता है –
उत्तर :
बच्चों को माता-पिता का प्यार टुकड़ों में मिलता है क्योंकि माता-पिता पर काम पर जाने की मजबूरी है।

प्रश्न 2.
पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए :
उत्तर :
(i) माँ = …………………………. , ………………………….
उत्तर :
जननी, माता, धात्री

(ii) रात = …………………………. , ………………………….
उत्तर :
रजनी, निशा, यामिनी

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

प्रश्न 3.
पद्यांश की द्वितीय त्रिवेणी का भावार्थ लिखिए।
उत्तर :
प्रस्तुत पद्यांश कवि त्रिपुरारि जी लिखित त्रिवेणी संग्रह ‘साँस के सिक्के’ से लिया गया है। इस त्रिवेणी में पिता की गरिमा व्यक्त करते हुए कवि कह रहे हैं कि पिता को कठोर हृदय का समझने की भूल हम सब करते हैं। परंतु सच्चाई यही है कि वह ऊपर से जितने सख्त नजर आते हैं भीतर से उतने ही कोमल होते हैं।

जब संतान को चोट लगती है तो पिता का कोमल हृदय भी तड़प उठता है। हर पिता में इस तरह कोई माँ भी छुपी होती है अर्थात पिता भी अपनी संतान से उतना ही प्यार करता है, जितना कि एक माँ। दोनों के स्नेह में कोई तुलना नहीं होनी चाहिए।

(आ) निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

पद्यांश : चाहे कितना भी हो घनघोर अंधेरा ……………………………………………… जहाँ पर भी कदम रखोगे। (पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. 2)

प्रश्न 1.
परिणाम लिखिए :

(i) अँधेरा होने पर भी आस रखने का परिणाम
उत्तर :
अँधेरा होने पर भी आस रखने से किसी दिन उजाला अवश्य होता है।

(i) एक ही दीप से आगाज-ए-सफर कर लेने का परिणाम –
उत्तर :
एक ही दीप से आगाज-ए-सफर कर लेने से जहाँ भी कदम रखते हैं वहाँ रोशनी हो जाती है।

प्रश्न 2.
पद्यांश से विलोम शब्द की जोड़ियाँ ढूँढ़कर लिखिए :
उत्तर :
(i) …………………………… x ……………………………
अंधेरा x उजाला x …….

(ii) …………………………… x ……………………………
पास x दूर

प्रश्न 3.
पद्यांश की किसी एक त्रिवेणी का काव्य सौंदर्य लिखिए :
उत्तर :
प्रस्तुत पद्यांश ‘प्रेरणा’ कविता से लिया गया है। कवि त्रिपुरारि जी लिखित साँस के सिक्के ‘त्रिवेणी संग्रह’ में ये त्रिवेणियाँ संकलित (consalidated) हैं। दिए गए पद्यांश की द्वितीय त्रिवेणी में वीर रस की निर्मिति (build up) हुई है। प्राप्त परिस्थितियों में भी उत्साह के साथ आगे बढ़ने की कोशिश यहाँ दिखाई देती है। अपनी आयु के कुछ पल उधार लेकर ही सही हसरत के बीज बोने का साहस करके सपनों को साकार करने की बात वीरतापूर्ण है। निराशा के बादलों के बीच आशा का संचार इस त्रिवेणी की विशेषता है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

(इ) निम्नलिखित पठित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

पद्यांश : अपनी आँखों में जब भी …………………………………………….. नाउम्मीदी तो मौत है प्यारे। (पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. 2)

प्रश्न 1.
उचित जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए :
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा 1

‘अ’ ‘आ’
(1) …………………………… ……………………………
(2) …………………………… ……………………………
(3) …………………………… ……………………………
(4) …………………………… ……………………………

उत्तर :

‘अ’  ‘आ’
(1) सच्चा  ज्ञानी
(2) पेड़  बीज
(3) ना उम्मीदी  मौत
(4) एक शय  आँसू-खुशियाँ

प्रश्न 2.
पद्यांश की प्रथम त्रिवेणी का भावार्थ लिखिए।
उत्तर :
प्रस्तुत पद्यांश त्रिवेणी विधा में लिखी कविता ‘प्रेरणा’ से लिया गया है। कवि त्रिपुरारि जी ने पद्यांश की प्रथम त्रिवेणी में हमारे अंदर छिपे बालक को जीवित रखने की सलाह दी है। उन्होंने जब भी स्वयं की आँखों में देखा स्वयं को एक बच्चे की तरह ही पाया और उन्हें लगा कि दुनिया उन्हें बड़ा बनाकर दुनियादारी निभाने पर मजबूर करती है।

इसकी वजह से जीवन की अबोधता (innocence), मासूमियत नष्ट हो जाती है और मन अशांत हो जाता है। इससे छुटकारा पाना है तो कभी अपने भीतर छिपे बालक को मरने नहीं देना चाहिए।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

स्वाध्याय
आकलन : 1. सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

(अ) कारण लिखिए –

प्रश्न 1.
घनघोर अँधेरे में भी उजाले की आस रखनी चाहिए –
उत्तर :
घनघोर अँधेरे में भी उजाले की आस रखनी चाहिए क्योंकि रात की कोख से ही सुबह का जन्म होता है।

प्रश्न 2.
उम्मीद का दामन नहीं छोड़ना चाहिए –
उत्तर :
उम्मीद का दामन नहीं छोड़ना चाहिए क्योंकि नाउम्मीदी मौत के समान है।

(आ) लिखिए –
उत्तर:
काव्य सौंदर्य :

व्याकरण

रस :

काव्यशास्त्र (poetics) में आचार्यों ने रस को काव्य की आत्मा माना है। विभाव, अनुभाव, व्यभिचारी (संचारी) भाव और स्थायी भाव रस के अंग हैं और इन अंगों अर्थात तत्त्वों के संयोग से रस की निष्पत्ति होती है। साहित्यशास्त्र में नौ प्रकार के रस माने गए हैं। कालांतर (afterward) में अन्य दो रसों को सम्मिलित किया गया है।

रस  स्थायी भाव
(1) शृंगार  प्रेम
(2) शांत  शांति
(3) करुण  शोक
(4) हास्य  हास
(5) वीर  उत्साह
(6) रौद्र  क्रोध
(7) भयानक  भय
(8) बीभत्स  घृणा
(9) अद्भुत  आश्चर्य
(10) वात्सल्य  ममत्व
(11) भक्ति  भक्ति

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

1. शृंगार रस :
इसे रसराज कहा गया है। यह संयोग और वियोग इन दो भागों में विभाजित है। जब किसी काव्य में नायक नायिका के प्रेम, मिलने-बिछड़ने आदि का वर्णन होता है तो वह शृंगार रस कहलाता है।

उदा.
(i) रे मन आज परीक्षा मेरी।
सब अपना सौभाग्य मनावें।
दरस परस नि:श्रेयस पावें।
उद्धारक (redeemer) चाहें तो आवें।
यही रहे यह चेरी। – मैथिलीशरण गुप्त

(ii) बतरस लालच लाल की मुरली धरि लुकाय।
सौंह करै, भौहनि हँस, दैन कहै, नटि जाय।
– बिहारी

2. शांत रस :
जब कभी काव्य को पढ़कर मन में असीम शांति का एवं दुनिया से मोह खत्म होने का भाव उत्पन्न हो तो शांत रस की अनुभूति होती है। ज्ञान की प्राप्ति और संसार से वैराग्य होने पर शांत रस की उत्पत्ति होती है।

उदा.
(i) जब मैं था हरि नाहिं अब हरि है मैं नाहिं
सब अँधियारा मिट गया जब दीपक देख्या माहिं
– कबीर

(ii) देखी मैंने आज जरा!
हो जावेगी क्या ऐसी मेरी यशोधरा?
हाय! मिलेगा मिट्टी में वह वर्ण सुवर्ण खरा?
सूख जावेगा मेरा उपवन जो है आज हरा?
– मैथिलीशरण गुप्त

3. करुण रस :
किसी प्रियजन या इष्ट के कष्ट, शोक, दुख, मृत्युजनित प्रसंग के कारण अथवा किसी प्रकार की अनिष्ट (undesired) आशंका के फलस्वरूप हृदय में पीड़ा या क्षोभ का भाव उत्पन्न होता है, वहाँ करुण रस की अभिव्यंजना (expression) होती है।

उदा.
(i) वह आता –
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता पथ पर आता।
पेट-पीठ दोनों मिलकर हैं एक,
चल रहा लकुटिया टेक
मुट्ठी भर दाने को, भूख मिटाने को, मुँह फटी झोली फैलाता।
– सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी ‘निराला’

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

(ii) अबला जीवन हाय ! तुम्हारी यही कहानी,
आँचल में है दूध और आँखों में पानी।
– मैथिलीशरण गुप्त

4. हास्य रस :
जब किसी काव्य को पढ़कर हँसी आ जाती है तब हास्य रस की उत्पत्ति होती है। सभी रसों में यह रस सबसे अधिक सुखात्मक रस है।
उदा.
(i) हाथी जैसा देह, गेंडे जैसी चाल।
तरबूजे सी खोपड़ी, खरबूजे से गाल।।

(ii) बुरे समय को देखकर गंजे तू क्यों रोय।
किसी भी हालत में तेरा बाल न बाँका होय।।

5. वीर रस :
शत्रु को मिटाने, दीन-दुखियों का उद्धार करने, धर्म की स्थापना, उद्धार करने आदि में जो मन में उत्साह उमड़ता है वही वीर रस की उत्पत्ति होती है।

उदा.
(i) सच है, विपत्ति जब आती है।
कायर को ही दहलाती (horror) है,
सूरमा नहीं विचलित होते,
क्षण एक नहीं धीरज खोते,
कर शपथ विघ्नों को गले लगाते हैं,
काँटों में राह बनाते हैं।
– रामधारी सिंह दिनकर

(ii) तू न थकेगा कभी,
तू न रुकेगा कभी,
तू न मुड़ेगा कभी,
कर शपथ, कर शपथ,
अग्निपथ, अग्निपथ, अग्निपथ।
– हरिवंशराय बच्चन

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

6. रौद्र रस :
अपमान, निंदा आदि से मन में क्रोध उत्पन्न होता है तब रौद्र रस की उत्पत्ति होती है।

उदा.
(i) अस कहि रघुपति चाप बढ़ावा,
यह मत लछिमन के मन भावा।
संधानेहु प्रभु बिसिख कराला,
उठि ऊदधि उर अंतर ज्वाला।।
– तुलसीदास

(ii) उस काल मारे क्रोध के तन काँपने उसका लगा
मानो हवा के जोर से सोता हुआ सागर जगा।
मैथिलीशरण गुप्त

7. भयानक रस :
भयोत्पादक वस्तुओं को देखने या सुनने से अथवा शत्रु आदि के अनिष्ठ आचरण से भयानक रस की
निष्पत्ति होती है। इसका स्थायी भाव भय है। अंतर्गत कंपन, पसीना छूटना, मुँह सूखना, चिंता आदि भाव भय के कारण उत्पन्न होते हैं।

उदा.
(i) अखिल यौवन के रंग उभार, हड्डियों के हिलते कंकाल
कचो के चिकने काले, व्याल, केंचुली, काँस, सिबार।
– सुमित्रानंदन पंत

(ii) एक ओर अजगर हिं लखि, एक ओर मृगराय
विकल बटोही बीच ही, पर्यो मूरछा खाय।

8. बीभत्स रस :
वीभत्स यानि घृणा इसका स्थायी भाव है। घृणित वस्तुओं घृणित चीजों या घृणित व्यक्तियों को देखकर, उनके संबंध में सुनकर मन में उत्पन्न होने वाली घृणा या ग्लानी बीभत्स रस को पुष्टि करती है।

उदा.
(i) आँखें निकाल उड़ जाते, क्षण भर उड़कर आ जाते
शव जीभ खींचकर कौए, चुभला-चभलाकर खाते
भोजन में श्वान लगे मुरदे थे भू पर लेटे
खा माँस चाट लेते थे, चटनी सैम बहते बहते बेटे
– श्यामनारायण पांडेय

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

(ii) विष्टा पूय रुधिर कच हाडा
बरबई कबहु उपल बहु छाडा।
– तुलसीदास

9. अद्भुत रस :
इसका स्थायी भाव आश्चर्य है। जब व्यक्ति के मन में विचित्र अथवा आश्चर्यजनक वस्तुओं को देखकर विस्मय उत्पन्न होता है तो अद्भुत रस की निष्पत्ति होती है।

उदा.
(i) देख यशोदा शिशु के मुख में सकल विश्व की माया
क्षणभर को वह बनी अचेतन (unconscious), हिल न सकी कोमल काया।
– सूरदास

(ii) पड़ी अचानक नदी अपार, घोड़ा कैसे उतरे पार।
राणा ने सोचा इस पार तब तक चेतक था उस पार।।
– श्यामनारायण पांडेय

10. वात्सल्य रस :
माता का पुत्र के प्रति प्रेम, बड़ों का बच्चों के प्रति प्रेम, गुरु का शिष्य के प्रति प्रेम की अभिव्यक्ति से वात्सल्य रस की निष्पत्ति होती है। ममत्व, अनुराग, स्नेह इस रस का स्थायी भाव है।
उदा.
(i) वह मेरी गोदी की शोभा, सुख सुहाग की है लाली,
शाही शान भिखारिन की है मनोकामना मतवाली।
– सुभद्राकुमारी चौहान

(ii) सुत मुख देखि जसोदा फूली।
हरषति देख दूध की द॑तिया,
प्रेम मगन तन की सुधि भूली।
– सूरदास

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

11. भक्ति रस :
इस रस में ईश्वर के प्रति अनुराग का, प्रेम का वर्णन होता है। श्रद्धा, स्मृति, मति, धृति, उत्साह आदि भाव इसमें समाविष्ट होते हैं। भक्ति भाव के मूल में दास्य, साख्य, वात्सल्य, माधुर्य भक्ति भाव समाविष्ट हैं।

उदा.
(i) अँसुवन जल सिंची-सिंची प्रेम-बेलि बोई
मीरा की लगन लागी, होनी हो सो होई
– मीरा

(ii) कहत कबीर सुनहु रे लाई
हरि बिन राखनहार न कोई।
– कबीर

प्रेरणा Summary in Hindi

प्रेरणा कवि परिचय :

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा 4

एरौत (बिहार) (5 दिसंबर, 1988) में जन्मे त्रिपुरारि कुमार शर्मा जी एक कवि, लेखक, संपादक (editor) और अनुवादक (translater) हैं। शिक्षा, रचनात्मक लेखन और पत्रकारिता के क्षेत्र में सफलतापूर्वक कार्य करते हुए ‘त्रिवेणी’ काव्य (poetry) रचना में अपनी विशेष पहचान बना चुके हैं। नींद की नदी’, ‘नॉर्थ कैंपस, साँस के सिक्के आदि आपकी प्रमुख कृतियाँ हैं। विभिन्न पत्र-पत्रिकाओं में आपकी कविताएँ, कहानियाँ, लेख आदि प्रकाशित हुए हैं।

प्रेरणा कविता का परिचय :

प्रस्तुत रचना ‘त्रिवेणी’ विधा में लिखी कविता है। ‘त्रिवेणी’ एक तीन पंक्तियों वाली कविता है जिसे प्रसिद्ध गीतकार और कवि गुलजार साहब ने विकसित (develop) किया है। शब्दों की किफायत और एहसासों की अमीरी इस विधा की विशेषता है। एक चलचित्र की तरह इसकी पहली दो पंक्तियाँ कहानी को गढ़ती है और तीसरी पंक्ति कहानी की परिपूर्णता को अभिव्यक्त करते हुए क्लाइमेक्स व्यक्त कराती है। प्रस्तुत त्रिवेणियों में त्रिपुरारि जी ने कहीं माँ की ममता, पिता का गौरव तो कहीं जीवन की कठोर सच्चाई को व्यक्त करते हुए मुश्किलों का डटकर सामना करने की सलाह दी है और उम्मीद का दामन पकड़कर आगे बढ़ने का मशवरा दिया है।

प्रेरणा कविता का भावार्थ (purport) :

जीवन की आपाधापी में माता-पुत्र बिछड़ जाते हैं। दोनों ही एक-दूसरे के स्नेह के लिए तरसते हैं। पुत्र माँ से फोन पर बात करता है तब पुत्र की आवाज सुनकर ही माँ की ममता आँसुओं के रूप में फूट पड़ती है। माँ को रोते देखकर पुत्र को लगता है माँ बे-वजह ही रोती है। परंतु जब फोन पर बातचीत पूरी हो जाती है और पुत्र फोन रखता है तो वह भी अपनी भावनाएँ रोक नहीं पाता और रोता है।

पिता माँ की अपेक्षा कठोर हृदय के होते हैं ऐसा लोग कहते हैं, परंतु उनका हृदय भी कोमल ही होता है। जब संतान को चोट लगती है तो वह तड़प उठते हैं। यह इस बात का सबूत है कि पिता में भी कोई माँ छुपी होती है अर्थात स्नेह की बात आती है तो माँ के ममत्व (mother’s love) को अधिक अहमियत दी जाती है परंतु पिता भी अपनी संतान से उतना ही स्नेह करते हैं जितना कि एक माँ।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

जीवन की जरूरतें पूरी करने हेतु माता-पिता दोनों काम पर जाते हैं। कभी-कभी शिफ्ट में ड्युटी करने वाले अभिभावक (guardian) अपनी ड्युटी इस तरह से लेने की कोशिश करते कि दोनों में से एक बच्चे के साथ रहे। ऐसे में पिता महीनों तक दिन की शिफ्ट जाता है और माता महीनों तक रात की शिफ्ट जाती है। बच्चे को दोनों का स्नेह ऐसी स्थिति में टुकड़ों में ही मिलता है। नन्हा बच्चा जब माँ का स्नेह पाता है तब पिता नहीं होते और पिता का स्नेह पाता है तब माँ काम पर गई होती है।

उगते सूरज का स्वागत सभी करते हैं, परंतु डूबते सूरज के प्रति उदासीनता दिखलाते हैं। कवि का मशवरा है कि डूबते सूरज को भी नहीं भूलना चाहिए क्योंकि, डूबना-उगना तो केवल नजरों का धोखा है। सूरज तो आसमान में ही है। हमारी धरती ही सूरज की परिक्रमा करते हुए हमें सूरज के डूबने-उगने का आभास कराती है अर्थात सच्चाई से मुख न मोड़कर हमें हर स्थिति में तटस्थ रहना चाहिए।

जीवन पथ पर चलते-चलते कभी-कभी गिर भी गए तो खुद को सँभालकर आगे बढ़ना चाहिए। गिरने पर जो चोट लगती है वह हमें जीवन का नया पाठ सिखाती है क्योंकि ठोकर खाकर ही हमें जीने की कला का सबक मिलता है। अनुभव से बड़ा कोई शिक्षक नहीं। बस, जीवन चलने का नाम है, आगे बढ़ने का नाम है इसे याद रखना होगा।

जीवन पथ पर आगे बढ़ते समय कभी मार्ग में घनघोर अँधकार छाया हुआ मिले लेकिन तब भी हमें उम्मीद नहीं छोड़नी चाहिए। किसी दिन उजाला अवश्य होगा यही आशा रखते हुए आगे बढ़ना चाहिए क्योंकि रात की कोख से ही सुबह जन्म लेती है। इस त्रिवेणी में कवि हमें निराशा के अंधकार से आशा के उजाले की ओर ले जाना चाहते हैं और इस सत्य से अवगत (aware) कराते हैं कि जीवन में दुःख के बाद सुख अवश्य आता है। सुख-दुख, दिन-रात की तरह आते-जाते रहते हैं इसीलिए दुख की स्थिति में निराश नहीं होना चाहिए।

अपनी आयु के कुछ पल उधार लेकर मैंने हसरत के बीज बोए क्योंकि विचारों की जमीन मेरे पास पहले से थी अर्थात (means) हमारे सपनों को पूरा करने के लिए आयु कम ही पड़ती है। परंतु सपने अवश्य देखने चाहिए और उन्हें पूरा करने की कोशिश भी करनी चाहिए।

मंजिल बहुत दूर है यह सोचकर हमें यात्रा रोकनी नहीं चाहिए बल्कि छोटे से दीपक की धुंधली सी रोशनी में भी यात्रा आरंभ कर लेनी चाहिए क्योंकि हिम्मत से आगे बढ़ने वाले यात्री के कदम जहाँ भी पड़ेंगे वहाँ रोशनी होगी और मंजिल का मार्ग प्रशस्त (wide) होगा। कवि हमें सकारात्मक सोच से जीवन में आगे बढ़ने का मशवरा दे रहे हैं।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा

मैंने जब कभी अपनी आँखों में देखा स्वयं को एक बालक की तरह अबोध, (innocent) निष्पाप पाया। इससे तो यही सिद्ध होता है कि उम्र बढ़ती ही नहीं। वास्तव में उम्र बढ़ती है वैसे-वैसे हम मासुमियत खो देते हैं और दुनियादारी निभाते-निभाते हमारे भीतर छिपे बालक को बड़ा बुजुर्ग, अनुभवी बनाकर जीवन की सुंदरता का गला घोट देते हैं। मन को अशांत, तनाव पूर्ण, कुंठा (frustration) ग्रस्त बना देते हैं। इससे मुक्ति पाना है तो खुद के भीतर छिपे बालक को जीवित रखना चाहिए।

आँसू और खुशियाँ एक ही वस्तु के दो नाम हैं। जैसे पेड़ में बीज छुपा है और बीज में पेड़ वैसे ही आँसू में खुशी और खुशी में आँसू छिपे होते हैं। जो इस बात को समझ गया वही सच्चा ज्ञानी है क्योंकि आँसू और खुशियाँ जीवन के दो अंग हैं और ये जीवन में आते-जाते रहते हैं। हर खुशी में आँसू छिपे हैं जो हमारी भावनाओं के प्रतीक (symbol) हैं और आँसुओं के जल से सींचकर खुशियों का वृक्ष फलता-फूलता है।

जीवन में कितनी ही कठिनाइयाँ क्यों न आए हमें उम्मीद का दामन कभी नहीं छोड़ना चाहिए। क्योंकि नाउम्मीदी तो मृत्यु के समान है अर्थात् कठिनाइयों से घबराकर निराशा का दामन थामने वाला जीते जी मर जाता है। जैसे हर अँधेरी रात के बाद सुबह अवश्य आती है वैसे ही दुख के बाद सुख का आना निश्चित है। इस सकारात्मकता (positivity) के साथ जीना ही जिंदगी है। सुख-दुख की स्थिति में स्थिर रहना ही मनुष्य की सच्ची पहचान है इस तथ्य को कभी नहीं भूलना चाहिए।

प्रेरणा शब्दार्थ:

  • घनघोर = घना
  • हसरत = चाह, इच्छा
  • आगाज-ए-सफर = यात्रा का आरंभ
  • शय = वस्तु, चीज
  • सख्त = कठोर (strict),
  • नाजुक = कोमल (sensitive),
  • महज = केवल, मात्र (just),
  • चोट = आघात, प्रहार, घाव (hurt),
  • घनघोर = घना, डरावना (dense),
  • आस = आशा, भरोसा (hope),
  • कोख = पेट, गर्भाशय (womb),
  • लम्हा = पल, क्षण (moment),
  • हसरत = चाह, इच्छा (desire),
  • खयाल = स्मृति, विचार (idea),
  • आगाज-ए-सफर = यात्रा का आरंभ (set off),
  • शय = वस्तु, चीज (thing), Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 1 प्रेरणा
  • दामन = आँचल, पल्लु (fringe),
  • जरा = थोड़ा सा (little bit)

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 1 Daily Computing (Libre Office)

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Practicals Skill Set 1 Daily Computing (Libre Office) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 1 Daily Computing (Libre Office)

SOP 1: Create a Resume

  • The resume should contain the following :
  • Title at the center with applicable font and size.
  • It should contain points such as Name, Address, Mobile Number, Date of Birth, Nationality, Caste, Category, Hobbies, etc. Add some extra points.
  • For educational qualifications, a student should insert a table.
  • In the end, students should write a few lines about their aim.

Answer:
Step 1: Click on the LibreOffice Writer icon.

Step 2: Create a New File.
File Menu → New → Text Document

Step 3: Write Title at the center with applicable font size. (Resume).

Step 4: Type Name, Address, Mobile Number, Date of Birth, Nationality, Caste, Category, Hobbies, etc.

Step 5: Write Student educational qualifications (Insert Table).
Choose Table Menu → Insert Table → Select number of rows and columns → Insert.

Step 6: Write some lines about the aim, select the text and make it bold by clicking on the bold option from the formatting toolbar.

After Completing this practical students will learn how to create resumes using LibreOffice, also tab setting and table creation.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 1 Daily Computing (Libre Office)

SOP 2: By using Mail Merge send an invitation for your birthday party.

  • Use the mail merge feature.
  • Send an invitation to at least 5 friends.

Answer:
Choose Tools – Mail Merge Wizard.
Step 1: Select Start from a template, and click the Browse button. You see the New dialog.

Step 2: Select five friends Details in the left list, and then the Invitation letter in the right list.
Click OK to close the Templates dialog, and click Next in the wizard.

Step 3: Select Letter and click Next.

Step 4: On the next step of the wizard, click the Select Address List button to check that you are using the correct address list. If you want to use an address block, select an address block type, match the data fields if necessary, and click Next.

Step 5: Next follows the Create a salutation step. Deselect the Insert personalized salutation box. Under General salutation, select the salutation that you want on top of all letters.

Step 6: If you want to place mail merge fields anywhere else in the Invitation document select the corresponding column in your address data source and then drag and drop the column header into the invitation document where you would like the field to be. Be sure to select the entire column.

Step 7: Click Next and finally Finish creating the mail merge.

SOP 3: Create a mark list. The mark list should display:

  • Fields as Name, Math, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Total, Percentage.
  • Below each subject find out the lowest marks and highest marks.
  • Enter a minimum of 10 records.
  • Declare the first three ranker students.
  • Create a chart based on the above data.

Answer:
Step 1: Open LibreOffice Calc and add fields like Name, Math, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Total, Percentage.

Step 2: Enter 10 records in it.

Step 3: To Calculate Total
Click inside the cell where the total has to be calculated.
(Use =SUM(A2:D2) formula) – Type the range of cell.

Step 4: Now click inside the cell where the percentage has to be calculated.
Calculate Percentage using formula = E2* 100/400, drag the formula for remaining cells.

Step 5: Enter a minimum of 10 records. And calculate the result.

Step 6: Find out the Lowest Marks
Calculate Lowest marks using formula = min(A2:A11), drag formula for remaining cells.

Step 7: Find out the Highest Marks
Calculate Highest marks using formula =max(A2:A11), drag formula for remaining cells.

Step 8: Now Show the first three ranker students. Use Sort Option for sorting and auto filter.

Step 9: To find the first ranker use formula =large(F2:F11,1)

Step 10: To find the second ranker use formula =large(F2:F11,2)

Step 11: To find the third ranker use formula =large(F2:F11,3)

Step 12: To create a chart Select Complete Table → Click on Insert Menu → Click on Chart Option.
A window will appear, which starts with the chart wizard → Select Chart type.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 1 Daily Computing (Libre Office)

SOP 4: Create an Informative presentation on your college.

  • The presentation should contain a minimum of 8 slides.
  • One slide should contain a chart.
  • One slide with an image.
  • Each slide should contain custom animation & slide transition effect.

Answer:
Step 1: Preparing an Eight slide for an Informative presentation of your college.
Press the Ctrl + N Keys. OR choose Slide → New Slide from Menu bar.
OR
Click on the New Slide icon on the Standard Toolbar.

Step 2: Specify the background image. OR background colour.
Now First Choose Slide Menu → Click on Insert Menu → Click on Image Submenu (inserting college Image with information )

Step 3: Click on Insert Menu → Click on Chart Option.

Step 4: Click on object presentation → from slide bar select Custom Animation each object → Choose category, effect, duration, direction, etc.

Step 5: Click on Press F5 function key for slide show
OR
Select slide menu → Start from the first Slide from the menu bar.
OR
Click on the start from the first slide Icon on the standard Conclusion: After Completing this practical students will be known how to create an informative presentation, custom animation & slide transition effect using Libre Office Impress.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

1. Complete the following web.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 1 Q1
Answer:

  1. Use the Internet for the knowledge base.
  2. Use the Internet to communicate messages.
  3. Respect the privacy of other users on the Internet.
  4. Download legitimate and authentic programs from the Internet.
  5. Use licensed software on your computer.
  6. Check to see if the web address begins with https:// whenever you sign in.
  7. Report and flag content that is abusive or illegal.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

2. Complete the following chart.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 2 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 2 Q1.1

3. Fill the following boxes with the appropriate cybercrime name.

Question 1.
Copyright violation of software created originally by an individual.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 3 Q1
Answer:
Software Piracy

Question 2.
Gaining access without the user’s permission.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 3 Q2
Answer:
Unauthorized Access

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

Question 3.
Extracting confidential information by email.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 3 Q3
Answer:
Phishing

4. Read the following and answer the question.

Rahul lost his pen drive in his college computer lab. His classmate Madhav finds it. He carries it home to return it to him the next day. When Madhav opens it he finds his favourite game. He thinks of making a duplicate copy of the game software.

Question I.
Does Madhav think ethically?
Answer:
No

Question II.
What do you think should Madhav do?
Answer:
Madhav should return back the pen drive. He has done unauthorized access.

Question III.
If he makes a duplicate copy then which cybercrime will he commit?
Answer:
Software Piracy

5. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
What care should be taken by the user while doing online activities?
Answer:

  1. Stick to copyright restrictions when downloading anything from the internet.
  2. Use strong passwords with combinations of numbers. Uppercase and lowercase letters and special characters.
  3. Always scan files before opening them.
  4. Don’t talk to strangers.
  5. Think before posting something on social media related to any sensitive topic like politics, religion, etc.
  6. Report to the service provider if the account is hacked; if possible deactivate your account.
  7. Whenever you sign in online check if the web address begins with https: //

Question 2.
Define the terms (1) Ethics (2) Moral
Answer:
Ethics:
Ethics also called moral philosophy is the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right or wrong.

Moral:
The standards of behaviour; principles of right and wrong behaviour. Thus morals are dictated by society, culture, or religion while ethics are chosen by the person himself which governs his life.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

Question 3.
Explain three examples related to unauthorized access?
Answer:

  1. Hacking financial/bank account-related information.
  2. Stealing organizational/intellectual information.
  3. Illegal monitoring of information owned by other users.
  4. Illegal use/break of login and password of other users.
  5. Causing intentional irritation to other users by means of damaging software and important information.

Question 4.
Explain software piracy and Hacking.
Answer:
Software piracy:
Software piracy is the illegal copying, distribution, or use of the software. It 15 such a profitable “business” that it has caught the attention of organized crime groups in a number of countries. According to the Business Software Alliance (BSA), about 36% of all software in current use is stolen.

Hacking:
Hacking refers to unauthorized intrusion into a computer or a network. Hacker is a person intensely interested in the deep and hidden or concealed working of any computer operating system and programming language. They might discover loopholes within systems and reasons for such loopholes.

6. State true or false.

Question 1.
A firewall is used to encrypt the transmission of data.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
The standards of behaviour; the principle of right or wrong are referred to as moral.
Answer:
True

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

Question 3.
Hacking bank account-related information is an example of software piracy.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Phishing is representing someone else’s work as own without permission.
Answer:
True

7. Match the following.

Question 1.

(A) (B)
(1) Copying a game file (a) Firewall
(2) Law related to internet (b) Cyberthreat
(3) Network security (c) Software piracy
(4) System crashes suddenly (d) Cyber Law

Answer:

(A) (B)
(1) Copying a game file (c) Software piracy
(2) Law related to internet (d) Cyber Law
(3) Network security (a) Firewall
(4) System crashes suddenly (b) Cyberthreat

8. Observe the following picture and give your opinion about it by responding to the following questions.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 8 Q1

Question 1.
Is ‘B’s response correct or not?
Answer:
No B’s response is not correct.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

Question 2.
What will be the consequences of ‘B’s reply?
Answer:
With all such crucial information like OTP in hand, the fraudster can easily carry out illegal financial transactions using B’s identity.

Question 3.
Which type of cybercrime does the picture depict?
Answer:
Fake Call Frauds

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS

1. Complete the following activity.

Question 1.
Tick whichever box is not valid.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 1 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 1 Q1.1

Question 2.
The student wants to create a field Pincode in a table, which data type he will choose?
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 1 Q2
Answer:
Int

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS

Question 3.
Tick the appropriate box.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 1 Q3
Answer:
Uniquely identifies a record

Question 4.
Tick the appropriate circle.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 1 Q4
Answer:
One or Many Tables

2. Observe the field names of a database given below in ‘Column A’ related to Bus reservation. Write suitable data types for each field in front of the respective field in ‘Column B’.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 2 Q1
Answer:

Column A (Field Name) Column B (DataType)
Passenger Name Varchar
Age Int
Gender Char
Mobile Number Int

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS

3. Write the use of the following SQL command.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 3 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 3 Q1.1

4. Create a table for the information given below by choosing appropriate data types. Specify proper primary key for the table (1) Movie (2) Actor

Question 1.
Movie (Registeration_no, movie_name, Realease_Date)
Answer:
CREATE TABLE Movie (Registeration_no int(20) PRIMARY KEY, movie_name VARCHAR(20), Realease_Date DATE);

Question 2.
Actor (actor_id, Actor_name, birth_date )
Answer:
CREATE TABLE Actor (actor_id int(20) PRIMARY KEY, Actor_name VARCHAR(20), Birth_Date DATE);

5. Consider the following table Stationary. Write SQL commands for the following statements.

Table: Stationary
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 5 Q1

Question 1.
Write SQL command to create above Table.
Answer:
CREATE TABLE Stationary (S_ID int(20) PRIMARY KEY, S_Name VARCHAR(20), C_Name VARCHAR(20), Price int(20), Quantity int(20));

Question 2.
Write SQL command to insert the above-mentioned record in the table.
Answer:
INSERT INTO Stationary Values (001, ‘Note Book’, ‘ABC’, 20,50);
INSERT INTO Stationary Values (002, ‘Note Book’, ‘XYZ’, 10,80);
INSERT INTO Stationary Values (003, ‘Note Book’, ‘PQR’, 600,02);

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS

Question 3.
To delete the above table.
Answer:
DROP TABLE Stationery;

6. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is a database?
Answer:
A DBMS is a collection of programs (computer-based system) that enables the user to create and maintain a database it is used to define, construct and manipulate the data in the database for various applications. It provides information storage, organization, and retrieval capabilities. The DBMS also enforces necessary access restrictions and security measures in order to protect the database.

Various types of control systems within the DBMS make sure that the database continues to function properly. They Include Integrity system Security system Concurrency control system Recovery control system Some DBMS enables us to define “views” of the database. A view is how the database appears to the user. This enables us to show only the relevant information to different types of users and it increases security, as certain users will not be able to see data which they are not meant to see.

Question 2.
What are the advantages of a DBMS?
Answer:
Advantages of a DBMS:
1. Redundancy is controlled: In File Processing System, duplicate data is created in many places because all the programs have their own files. This creates data redundancy which in turn wastes labor and space. ‘In Database Management System, all the files are integrated into a single database. The whole data is stored only once in a single place so there is no chance of duplicate data.

2. Sharing of Data: In a database, the users of the database can share the data among themselves. There are various levels of authorization to access the data. And consequently, the data can only be shared based on the correct authorization protocols being followed.

3. Data Security: Data Security is a vital concept in a database. Only authorized users should be allowed to access the database and their identity should be authenticated using a username and password. Unauthorized users should not be allowed to access the database under any circumstances as it violates the integrity constraints.

4. Enforces integrity constraints: Constraints are used to store accurate data because there are many users who feed data in the database. Data stored in the database should always be correct and accurate. DBMS provides the capability to enforce these constraints on the database.

5. Provides backup and recovery of data: Data loss is a very big problem for all organizations. In a traditional tile processing system, a user needs to back up the database after a regular interval of time that wastes lots of time and resources. If the volume of data is large then this process may take a very long time.

Question 3.
What do you understand by Data Model?
Answer:
A Database model defines the logical design and structure of a database and defines how data will be stored, accessed, and updated in a database management system. While the Relational Model is the most widely used database model.

Relational Model:
It is the most popular data model in DBMS. The relational model is the primary data model. Which is widely used for data processing. This model has all properties required to Process data with storage efficiency.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS

Question 4.
What is a primary key?
Answer:
Primary Key: A column in the table that uniquely identifies each row in that table is called a primary key.

Question 5.
What is DDL (Data Definition Language)
Answer:
DDL statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of your tables or schema. When you execute a DDL statement, it takes effect immediately.
Some examples of DDL commands are CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.

7. In a company the data is stored in a table under the following fields Employee number, Last name, Date of birth, Address. Which data type will you use for the above field?

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 7 Q1
Answer:

Field Name Data Type
Employee Name Char
Last Name Char
Address Varchar
Date of Birth Date

8. Multiple choice select three correct answers.

Question 1.
Valid relationships in RDBMS are
(a) one to one
(b) one to two
(c) one to many
(d) many to two
(e) many to many
(f) one to three
Answer:
(a) one to one, (c) one to many, (e) many to many

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS

9. Complete the following.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 9 Q1
Answer:

Use Command
To remove access rights or privileges from the database Revoke
Extracts data from a table Insert into Select

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

1. Complete the following activity.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q1.1

Question 2.
Tick the appropriate box.
Internet is a ____________ network connecting millions of computer.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q2
Answer:
Global

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 3.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q3
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q3.1

Question 4.
Tick the appropriate box.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q4
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q4.1

Question 5.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q5
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q5.1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

2. Divide the following list of devices into appropriate categories.

Question 1.
Monitor, Barcode reader, Printer, Keyboard. Optical character reader, Speaker
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 2 Q1
Answer:

Categories Names
Input Devices Barcode reader, Keyboard, Optical Character reader
Output Devices Monitor, Printer, Speaker

3. Multiple choice two correct answers.

Question 1.
The primary memory consists of ____________ and ____________
(a) Pendrive
(b) Hard Disk
(c) RAM
(d) Scanner
(e) ROM
Answer:
(c) RAM, (e) ROM

Question 2.
The network architectures which are widely used are ____________
(a) Server
(b) Client
(c) Peer to peer
(d) Client-server
(e) Internet
Answer:
(c) Peer to peer, (d) Client-server

4. Match the following.

Question 1.

1. IS (a) change directory
2. FTP (b) Translates Network Address
3. CD (c) List of Directory
4. DNS (d) To transfer file on interent

Answer:

1. IS (c) List of Directory
2. FTP (d) To transfer file on interent
3. CD (a) change directory
4. DNS (b) Translates Network Address

5. Name the following and complete the diagram.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 5 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 5 Q1.1

6. Complete the following with Linux commands with their use.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 6 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 6 Q1.1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

7. Complete the list of the following protocols.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 7 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 7 Q1.1

8. Complete the following Long form.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 8 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 8 Q1.1

9. Identify the following activity.

Question 1.
You are typing a letter using a computer and suddenly there is a power failure.
Which type of Memory does this activity deal with?
Answer:
Random Access Memory

10. Answer the following.

Question 1.
What are Data and Information? Give examples of data and information.
Answer:
Data can be any character, text, word, number, or raw facts.
Example of Data:
Mumbai, 1234, Aditya, MG Road, Maharashtra, 9444444441, 411004

Information is data formatted in a manner that allows it to be utilized by human beings in some significant way.
Example of Information:
Aditya, 1234, MG Road, Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra, 944444444114.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 2.
Explain functional units of a computer system.
Answer:
The computer system has the following three basic components:
Input Unit:
An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interacts with and controls it. Data can be in the form of words, symbols, numbers, etc. The function of the input device is to direct commands and data into the computer.
For example keyboard, mouse, scanners, digital cameras, joysticks, and microphones.

Central Processing Unit:
After receiving data and commands from the user, a computer system has to process the instructions provided using Central Processing Unit (CPU). It has three elements:

(a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit: An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a major component of the central processing unit of a computer system. It does all processes related to arithmetic and logic operations like add, subtract, multiply, etc.

(b) Control Unit: The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer’s memory, arithmetic, and logic unit, and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor.

(c) Memory Unit: A memory unit is the amount of data that can be stored in the storage unit. Once the data has been entered using input devices, the system stores the data in the memory unit.

Types of Memory: Primary Memory & Secondary Memory.

  • Primary Memory: It has 18 internal memory of the computer also known as main memory. It is of two types RAM and ROM.
  • RAM (Random Access Memory): RAM stands for Random Access Memory also known as reading/write memory. Information stored in this memory is lost as the power supply to the computer is switched off; it is also called “Volatile Memory”.
  • ROM(Read Only Memory): ROM stands for Read-Only Memory. ROM is a permanent type of memory. The contents are not lost as the power supply to the computer is switched off. ROM cannot be overwritten by the computer. It is also called “Non Volatile Memory”.
  • Secondary Memory: It is the external memory of the computer which is used to store a large amount of data. The secondary storage devices are a Hard disk, Pen drive, CD, DVD, etc.

Output Unit:
An output device is any device used to send data from a computer to another device or user. Most computer data output that is ‘meant for humans is in the form of audio or video. Thus, most output devices used by humans are in these categories. Examples include monitors, projectors, speakers.

Question 3.
What is a storage unit? Explain types of primary memory storage.
Answer:
When a user enters data using input devices, the computer system stores this data in a memory unit i.e. storage unit. The storage unit uses a set of pre-programmed instructions to further transmit this data to other parts of the CPU. There are two types of memory

  • Primary Memory
  • Secondary Memory

RAM: It stands for Random Access Memory. RAM is known as reading/write memory. It is the main memory of the computer system. The information stored in this memory is lost as the power supply to the computer is switched off, so it is also called as “Volatile Memory”.

ROM: It stands for Read-Only Memory. ROM is permanent memory. The content is not lost when the power supply is switched off. ROM cannot be overwritten by the computer, so it is also called “Non-Volatile Memory”.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 4.
Explain how Linux is different from Windows.
Answer:

  • Linux is open sources system whereas the window operating system is commercial.
  • Linux has access to source code and alters the code as per user need whereas a window does not have access to source code.
  • Linux distribution doesn’t collect user data” whereas Windows collects all the user details which leads to privacy concerns.
  • As the software is open to the public, it constantly updates, improves, and expands as more people can work on its improvement.

Question 5.
Write down the difference between LAN, MAN, and WAN.
Answer:

LAN (Local Area Network) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network)
LAN Stands for Local Area Network. MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network. WAN stands for Wide Area Network.
A LAN is a network of connected devices that exist within a specific location. A public or private network is used to connect various locations including suburbs in metropolitan cities. A WAN is any network that crosses metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries.
LANs may be found in homes, offices, educational institutions, or other areas. A MAN is a network, which covers an entire city, but uses LAN topology. Most networking professionals define a WAN as any network that uses routers and public network links (e.g. Telephone lines).
LAN is easy to set up. MANs are formed by connecting multiple LANs. Due to long-distance transmission, the noise and errors are more in WAN.
Data transmits at a very fast rate. Examples of a MAN are the cable TV network in a city. The best example of WAN is the Internet.

Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry – II Ex 3.3

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 3 Trigonometry – II Ex 3.3 Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry – II Ex 3.3

Question 1.
Find the values of:
i. sin \(\frac{\pi}{8}\)
ii. \(\frac{\pi}{8}\)
Solution:
We know that sin2 θ = \(\frac{1-\cos 2 \theta}{2}[/atex]
Substituting θ = [latex]\frac{\pi}{8}\), we get
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 1

Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3

ii. We know that, cos2 θ = \(\frac{1+\cos 2 \theta}{2}\)
Substituting θ = \(\frac{\pi}{8}\), we get
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 2

Question 2.
Find sin 2x, cos 2x, tan 2x if sec x = \(-\frac{13}{5}\), \(\frac{\pi}{2}\) < x < π
Solution:
sec x = \(-\frac{13}{5}\), \(\frac{\pi}{2}\) < x < π
We know that
Sect2 x = 1 + tan2x
tan2x = \(\frac{169}{25}-1=\frac{144}{25}\)
tan x = \(\pm \frac{12}{5}\)
Since \(\frac{\pi}{2}\) < x < π
x lies in the 2nd quadrant.
tan x < 0
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 3
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 4

Question 3.
i. \(\) = tan2 θ
Solution:
L. H. S. = \(\frac{1-\cos 2 \theta}{1+\cos 2 \theta}\)
= \(\frac{2 \sin ^{2} \theta}{2 \cos ^{2} \theta}\)
= 2tan2 θ
= R.H.S.

ii. (sin 3x + sin x) sin x + (cos 3x – cos x) cos x = 0
Solution:
L.H.S. = (sin 3x + sin x) sin x + (cos 3x – cosx)cosx
= sin 3x sin x + sin2 x + cos 3x cos x – cos2 x
= (cos 3x cos x + sin 3x sin x)
— (cos2x — sin2x)
= cos (3x – x) – cos 2x
= cos 2x – cos 2x
= 0
= R.H.S.

Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3

iii. (cos x + cos y )2 + (sin x + sin y)2 = 4cos2 \(\left(\frac{x-y}{2}\right)\)
Solution:
L.H.S. = (cos x + cos y)2 + (sin x + sin y)2
= cos2x + cos2y + 2cos x.cos y + sin2 x + sin2y + 2sin x.siny
= (cos2x + sin2x) + (cos2y + sin2y) + 2(cos x.cos y + si x.sin y)
= 1 + 1 +2cos(x – y)
= 2 + 2 cos (x – y)
= 2[1 + cos(x – y)]
= 2[2cos2 [(\(\left(\frac{x-y}{2}\right)\))] … [∵ 1 + cos θ = 2 cos2 \(\frac{\theta}{2}\)]
= 4 cos2 (\(\frac{x-y}{2}\))
= R.H.S.
[ Note: The question has been modified]

iv. (cos x – cos y)2 + (sin x – sin y)2 = 4sin2 \(\left(\frac{x-y}{2}\right)\)
Solution:

L.H.S. = (cos x – cos y)2 + (sin x – sin y)2
= cos2x + cos2y + 2cos x.cos y + sin2 x + sin2y + 2sin x.siny
= (cos2x + sin2x) + (cos2y + sin2y) – 2(cos x.cos y + sin x.sin y)
= 1 + 1 – 2cos(x – y)
= 2 – 2 cos (x – y)
= 2[1 – cos(x – y)]
= 2[2sin2 [(\(\left(\frac{x-y}{2}\right)\))] … [∵ 1 – cos θ = 2 sin2 \(\frac{\theta}{2}\)]
= 4 sin2 (\(\frac{x-y}{2}\))
= R.H.S.

v. tan x + cot x = 2 cosec 2x
Solution:
L.H.S. = tan x + cot x
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 5

vi. \(\frac{\cos x+\sin x}{\cos x-\sin x}-\frac{\cos x-\sin x}{\cos x+\sin x}\) = 2 tan 2x
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 6
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 7

 

Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3vii. \(\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+2 \cos 8 x}}}\) = 2 cos x
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 8
= 2 cos x
= R.H.S.
[Note : The question has been modified.]

viii. 16 sin θ cos θ cos 2θ cos 4θ cos 8θ = sin 16θ
Solution:
L.H.S. = 16 sin θ cos θ cos 2θ cos 4θ cos 8θ
= 8(2sinθ cosθ) cos2θ cos 4θ cos 8θ
= 8sin 2θ cos 2θ cos 4θ cos 8θ
= 4(2sin 2θ cos 2θ) cos 4θ cos 8θ
= 4sin 4θ cos 4θ cos 8θ
= 2(2sin 4θ cos 4θ) cos 8θ
= 2sin 8θ cos 8θ
= sin 16θ
= R.H.S.

ix. \( = 2 cot 2x
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 9

x. [latex]\frac{\cos x}{1+\sin x}=\frac{\cot \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)-1}{\cot \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)+1}\)
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 10
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 11

Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3

xi. \(\frac{\tan \left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right)+\cot \left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right)}{\cot \left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right)-\tan \left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right)}=\sec \theta\)
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 12

xii. \(\frac{1}{\tan 3 \mathbf{A}-\tan A}-\frac{1}{\cot 3 A-\cot A}\) = cot 2A
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 13
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 14

Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3

xiii. cos 7° cos 14° cos 28° cos 56° \(\frac{\sin 68^{\circ}}{16 \cos 83^{\circ}}\)
Solution:
L.H.S. = cos 7° cos 14° cos 28° cos 56°
= \(\frac{1}{2 \sin 7^{\circ}}\)(2sin 7°cos 7°)cos 14°cos 28°cos 56°
= \(\frac{1}{2 \sin 7^{\circ}}\) (sin 14° cos 14° cos 28° cos 56°)
…[∵ 2sinθ cosθ = sin 2θ]
= [\frac{1}{2\left(2 \sin 7^{\circ}\right)}latex][/latex] (2sin 14° cos 14°) cos 28° cos 56°
= \(\frac{1}{4 \sin 7^{\circ}}\)(sin 28° cos 28° cos 56°)
= \(\frac{1}{2\left(4 \sin 7^{\circ}\right)}\)(2 sin 28° cos 28°) cos 56°
= \(\frac{1}{8 \sin 7^{\circ}}\) (sin 56° cos 56°)
= \(\frac{1}{8 \sin 7^{\circ}}\) (2 sin 56° cos 56°)
= \(\frac{1}{16 \sin 7^{\circ}}\)(sin 112°)
= \(\frac{\sin \left(180^{\circ}-68^{\circ}\right)}{16 \sin \left(90^{\circ}-83^{\circ}\right)}\)
= \(\frac{\sin 68^{\circ}}{16 \cos 83^{\circ}}\)
= R.H.S.

xiv. = \(\frac{\sin ^{2}\left(-160^{\circ}\right)}{\sin ^{2} 70^{\circ}}+\frac{\sin \left(180^{\circ}-\theta\right)}{\sin \theta}\) = sec2 20°
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 15
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 16

xv. \(\frac{2 \cos 4 x+1}{2 \cos x+1}\) = (2 cos x – 1)(2 cos 2x – 1)
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 17

xvi. = cos2 x + cos2 (x + 120°) + cos2(x – 120°) = \(\frac{3}{2}\)
Solution:
L.H.S = cos2 x + cos2 (x + 120°) + cos2(x – 120°) =
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 18
\(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\) [cos 2x + cos(2x + 240°) + cos(2x 240°)]
= \(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\)(cos 2x + cos 2x cos 240°— sin 2x sin 240° + cos 2x cos 240° + sin 2x sin 240°)
= \(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\)(cos 2x + 2 cos 2x cos 240°)
= \(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\) [cos 2x + 2 cos 2x cos( 180° + 60°)]
= \(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\) [cos 2x + 2cos 2x(-cos 600)]
= \(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\) [cos 2x —2 cos 2x(\(\frac{1}{2}\))]
= \(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\) ( cos 2x – cos 2x)
= \(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\) (0)
= \(\frac{3}{2}\) = R.H.S.

Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3

xvii. 2 cosec 2x + cosec x = sec cot \(\frac{x}{2}\)
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 19

xviii. 4 cos x cos (\(\frac{\pi}{3}\) + x) cos (\(\frac{\pi}{3}\) – x) = cos 3x
\(\)
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry - II Ex 3.3 20
= cos3x — 3cos x.sin2x
= cos3 x — 3cos x (1— cos2 x)
= cos3x — 3cos x + 3 cos3x
=4 cos3x — 3cos x
= cos 3x = R.H.S.
INote: The question has been modijìed.I

xix. sin x tan \(\frac{x}{2}\) + 2cos x = \(\frac{2}{1+\tan ^{2}\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}\)
Solution:
L.H.S. = sin x tan (x/2)+ 2cos x
= \(\left(2 \sin \frac{x}{2} \cos \frac{x}{2}\right)\left(\frac{\sin \frac{x}{2}}{\cos \frac{x}{2}}\right)\) + 2cos x
= \(\left(2 \sin \frac{x}{2} \cos \frac{x}{2}\right)\left(\frac{\sin \frac{x}{2}}{\cos \frac{x}{2}}\right)\) + 2 cos x
= 2sin2 x/2 + 2cosx
= 1 – cosx + 2cosx
= 1 + cos x
=2cos2 x/2
= \(\frac{2}{\sec ^{2} \frac{x}{2}}=\frac{2}{1+\tan ^{2} \frac{x}{2}}\) =R.H.S.