Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Hindi Yuvakbharati 11th Digest Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

11th Hindi Digest Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद Textbook Questions and Answers

आकलन

1. लिखिए :

प्रश्न अ.
गजलकार के अनुसार दोस्ती का अर्थ –
उत्तर :
दोस्ती को महसूस किया जाता है। दोस्ती में छोटा-बड़ा अमीर-गरीब इस तरह का भेद-भाव नहीं होता। जिससे दोस्ती की जाती है उसके गुण-अवगुण से हम परिचित होते हैं। एक-दूसरे के सुख-दुःख में सहयोग देते हैं। एक दोस्त हमदर्द, मार्गदर्शक, पथ प्रदर्शक होता है। अच्छी-बुरी बातें मान-सम्मान, पद-अधिकार, संपत्ति आदि बातों से कहीं ऊपर दोस्ती होती है। एक-दूसरे के मन की बात बिना बोले ही समझ में आती है। सभी रिश्तों से ऊपर दोस्ती का रिश्ता होता है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

प्रश्न आ.
कवि ने इनसे सावधान किया है –
उत्तर :

  • बुराइयाँ, शत्रु, तथाकथित लोग (धनी-मानी, अमीर-राजा आदि।)
  • कुप्रवृत्तियों के लोग, कड़वी सच्ची बातें, दुःख
  • आपदाएँ-विपदाएँ, समस्याएँ, कठिनाइयाँ आदि अभावजन्य बातें।

प्रश्न इ.
प्रकृति से संबंधित शब्द तथा उनके लिए कविता में आए संदर्भ –
शब्द – संदर्भ
(a) ……………………… – ………………………
(b) ……………………… – ………………………
(c) ……………………… – ………………………
(d) ……………………… – ………………………
उत्तर :
शब्द – संदर्भ
(1) तूफाँ – तूफाँ तो इस शहर में अक्सर आता है।
(2) सैलाब – आँखों में सैलाब का मंजर आता है।
(3) बादल – सूखे बादल होंठों पर कुछ लिखते हैं।
(4) समंदर – पानी पीने रोज समंदर आता है।

काव्य सौंदर्य

2.
प्रश्न अ.
गजल में प्रयुक्त विरोधाभासवाली दो पंक्तियाँ ढूँढ़कर उनका अर्थ लिखिए।
उत्तर :
याद कर देवताओं के अवतार
हम फकीरों का सिलसिला भी मान।
अर्थ : दोस्त भले ही अपनों से तथाकथित बड़े लोगों से ताल्लुक रखता हो पर, हम जैसे साधारण गरीबों की बात भी माननी चाहिए।

प्रश्न आ.
‘कागज की पोशाक शब्द की प्रतीकात्मकता स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर :
समाचार पत्र में बाते प्रकाशित होना, श्वेत-सफेद बगुलों जैसे अवसरवादियों पर प्रस्तुत पंक्ति में व्यंग्य किया है। हाथी के दाँत दिखाने के और तथा खाने के और होते हैं, कथनी और करनी में अंतर रखना – अखबार इन सबका भंडाफोड़ करता है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

अभिव्यक्ति

3.
प्रश्न अ.
‘जीवन की सर्वोत्तम पूँजी मित्रता है, इसपर अपना मंतव्य लिखिए।
उत्तर :
मित्रता या दोस्ती दो या अधिक व्यक्तियों के बीच पारस्परिक लगाव का संबंध है। जब दो दिल एक-दूसरे के प्रति सच्ची अत्मीयता से भरे होते हैं, तब उस संबंध को मित्रता कहते हैं। यह संगठन की तुलना में अधिक सशक्त वैयक्तिक बंधन है। जीवन में मित्रों के चुनाव की उपयुक्तता पर उसके जीवन की सफलता निर्भर हो जाती है; क्योंकि संगति का गुप्त प्रभाव हमारे आचरण पर बड़ा भारी पड़ता है।

हमें अपने मित्रों से यह आशा रखनी चाहिए कि वे उत्तम संकल्पों में दृढ़ रहेंगे, दोष और त्रुटियों से हमें बचाएँगे, जब हम कुमार्ग पर पैर रखेंगे, तब वे हमें सचेत करेंगे, जब हम हतोत्साहित होंगे तब हमें उत्साहित करेंगे। सारांश यह है कि वे हमें जीवन निर्वाह करने में हर तरह से सहायता करें।

सच्ची मित्रता में उत्तम से उत्तम वैद्य की-सी निपुणता और परख होती है, माँ जैसा धैर्य और कोमलता होती है। ऐसी ही मित्रता करने का प्रयत्न करना चाहिए।

प्रश्न आ.
‘आधुनिक युग में बढ़ती प्रदर्शन प्रवृत्ति विषय पर अपने विचार व्यक्त कीजिए।
उत्तर :
प्रदर्शन एक ऐसा शब्द है जो युवाओं, वृद्धों, महिलाओं व बच्चों में समान रूप से लोकप्रिय है। कपड़ों, खाद्य पदार्थों, फास्ट फूड, नृत्य (पश्चिमी धुनों पर), विवाहों, समारोहों इत्यादि पर प्रदर्शन की अमिट छाप दिखाई पड़ती है। प्रदर्शन कभी स्थिर नही रहता। यह एक परिवर्तनवादी नशा है, जो सिर पर चढ़कर बोलता है। यदि किसी महिला ने पुरानी स्टाइल या डिझाइन की साडी या लहंगा पहना हो तो संभव है कि उसे “Out of Fashion” की संज्ञा दी जाए। यह संभव है कि अगली किसी पार्टी पर उसे आमंत्रित ही न किया जाए।

आज के दौर में जो व्यक्ति “आऊट ऑफ फैशन” हो जाता है उसकी मार्केट वैल्यू” गिर जाती है। अत: उसे स्वयं को भौतिकवाद की दौड़ में अपना स्थान सुनिश्चित करने हेतु कपड़ों, खानपान, घर, बच्चों, जीवनसाथी व दफ्तर, कारोबार, आदि के संदर्भ में नवीनतम प्रदर्शन की वस्तुओं, सुविधाओं, और विचारों को अपनाना पड़ता है। पदर्शन एक भेड़चाल की तरह है।

मेरे विचार में फैशनेबल होना बुरा नहीं है। परंतु दकियानुसी कपड़ों को प्रदर्शन करना या कम-से-कम वस्त्र पहनने का नाम भी तो फैशन नहीं है। इस में युवा पीढ़ी कुछ ज्यादा ही संजीदा है। वक्त के साथ बदलते प्रदर्शन पर यह पीढ़ी न सिर्फ नजर रखती है बल्कि उसे अपनाने में भी देर नहीं करती।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

रसास्वादन

4. गजल में निहित जीवन के विविध भावों को आत्मसात करते हुए रसास्वादन कीजिए।
उत्तर :
(i) शीर्षक : दोस्ती, मौजूद
(ii) रचनाकार : डॉ. राहत इंदौरी

(iii) केंद्रीय कल्पना : डॉ. राहत इंदौरी जी के ‘दो कदम और सही’ गजल संग्रह से ‘दोस्ती’ गजल ली गई है जिसमें गजलकार दोस्ती का अर्थ और महत्त्व से हमें परिचित कराते हैं। दूसरी गजल ‘मौजूद’ गजल संग्रह से संकलित है जो हौसला निर्माण करने वाली, उत्साह दिलाने वाली, सकारात्मकता तथा संवेदनशीलता को जगाने वाली गजल है। इस गजल में जिंदगी के अलग-अलग रंगों का इजहार खूबसूरती से किया गया है। जीवन में दोस्त हमदर्द, मार्गदर्शक, होता है। एक-दूसरे के मन की बात बिना बोले ही समझ जाते हैं। एक-दूसरे के सुख-दुःख में सहभागी होते हैं। जीवन में दोस्त का स्थान महत्त्वपूर्ण होता है।

(iv) रस-अलंकार : प्रस्तुत कविता गजल है जिसका हर शेर स्वयंपूर्ण है। नए रदीफ, नई बहर, नए मजमून, नया शिल्प का जादू इन गजलों में बिखरा हुआ है।

(v) प्रतीक विधान : प्रस्तुत गजलों में जिंदगी के अलग-अलग रंगों का खूबसूरत इजहार है। संवेदनशीलता, सकारात्मकता, हौसला और उत्साह जगाने में ये गजलें सफल हुई हैं।

(vi) कल्पना : कवि ने कागजों के बीच की खामोशियाँ पढ़ने की कल्पना की है, जो हमारी संवेदनशीलता को जगाती है। कातिल कागज का पोशाक पहनने वाला व्यक्ति अर्थात स्वार्थी, झूठा और दोगला व्यवहार करने वाला व्यक्ति जिससे हमें सर्तक, सावधान रहने की बात कही है।

(vii) पसंद की पंकितयां तथ प्रभाव
‘सूख चुका हूँ फिर भी मेरे साहिल पर
पानी पीने रोज समंदर आता है।’
अर्थात शक्ति क्षीण हो जाने के बाद भी देने का उत्साह कम नहीं हुआ है और जो भीड़ रूपी समुंदर किनारे पर पानी पीने आता है उनको पानी देने का हौसला भी गजलकार रखते हैं। यही है जीवन की सकारात्मकता का इजहार।

(viii) कविता पसंद आने के कारण : मुझे इन गजलों की संवेदनशीलता और सकारात्मकता अच्छी लगती है। वर्तमान स्थिति पर कसा व्यंग्य भी मुझे प्रभावित करता है और सावधान रहने के लिए प्रेरित करता है। गजल की असली कसौटी उसकी प्रभावोत्पादकता होती है जिसमें गजलकार सफल हुए है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

साहित्य संबंधी सामान्य ज्ञान

5. जानकारी दीजिए:

प्रश्न अ.
डॉ. राहत इंदौरी जी की गजलों की विशेषताएँ –
उत्तर :

  • जीवन और जगत के विभिन्न पहलुओं पर गजलें की हैं।
  • वर्तमान परिवेश पर जो टिप्पणी उन्होंने अपनी गजलों में की है, वो आज की राजनीति, सांप्रदायिकता, धार्मिक पाखंड और पर्यावरण पर बड़े ही मार्मिक भाव से की है।
  • छोटी-बड़ी बहर की गजल में उनका प्रतीक और बिंब विद्यमान है, जो नितांत मौलिक और अद्वितीय है।
  • नए रदीफ, नई बहर, नए मजमून, नया शिल्प उनकी गजलों में जादू की तरह बिखरा है।

प्रश्न आ.
अन्य गजलकारों के नाम
उत्तर :
मिर्जा असदुल्ला खाँ ‘गालिब’, दुष्यंत कुमार, वसीम बरेलवी, निदा फाजली, राजेंद्रनाथ रहबर, रतन पॅडोरवी, गुलजार।

अलंकार

यमक – काव्य में एक ही शब्द की आवृत्ति हो तथा प्रत्येक बार उस शब्द का अर्थ भिन्न हो, वहाँ यमक अलंकार होता है।
उदा. –
(१) कनक-कनक ते सौ गुनी, मादकता अधिकाय।
इहिं खाए बौराय नर, उहि पाए बौराय।
– बिहारी

(२) तीन बेर खाती है,
सो तीन बेर खाती हैं।
– भूषण

श्लेष – जहाँ किसी काव्य में एक शब्द के एक से अधिक अर्थ निकलते हों, वहाँ श्लेष अलंकार होता है।
उदा. –
(१) रहिमन पानी राखिए, बिन पानी सब सून।
पानी गएन ऊबरे, मोती मानुस चून॥
– रहीम

(२) चिर जीवौ जोरी जुरै, क्यों न सनेह गंभीर।
को घटि ये वृषभानुजा, वे हलधर के बीर॥
– बिहारी

Yuvakbharati Hindi 11th Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद Additional Important Questions and Answers

कृतिपत्रिका
(अ) पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

पदयांश : दोस्त है तो ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. हर्फ का सदा भी मान। (पाठ्य पुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. 46)

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

प्रश्न 1.
लिखिए :
उत्तर :
(i) दिल को समझना है – …………………………………
(ii) याद करना है – …………………………………
(iii) इन्हें पढ़ना है – …………………………………
(iv) इनका सिलसिला मानना है – …………………………………
उत्तर :
(i) सबसे बड़ा हरीफ
(ii) देवताओं के अवतार
(iii) कागजों की खामोशियाँ
(iv) फकीरों का

प्रश्न 2.
(i) निम्नलिखित विधान सत्य है या असत्य लिखिए :
(1) कवि ने एक-एक वाक्य को सदा मानने के लिए कहा है – …………………………………….
(2) कवि कभी-कभी सच भी बोल देता है – …………………………………….
उत्तर :
(1) असत्य
(2) सत्य

(ii) सही विकल्प चुनकर पंक्ति पूर्ण कीजिए :
(1) इस संग को …………………………. भी मान (खदा / सदा)
(2) मुझसे …………………………. भी कर, बुरा भी मान (दोस्ती / शिकवा)
उत्तर :
(1) खुदा
(2) शिकवा

प्रश्न 3.
पद्यांश का भावार्थ अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर :
प्रस्तुत पद्यांश कवि डॉ. राहत इंदौरी जी लिखित गजल है जिसमें कवि ने दोस्ती का अर्थ और महत्त्व समझाया है। कवि कहते हैं कि अगर तुम मुझे अपना दोस्त मानते हो तो मेरे विचारों को भी मानना पड़ेगा। कुछ विचारों पर आप नाराजगी व्यक्त भी कर सकते हो, लेकिन कुछ विचार तुम्हें मानने ही पड़ेंगे।

मनुष्य के दिल को सबसे बड़ा शत्रु मान लेना चाहिए। हमें पत्थर को भी खुदा मानना चाहिए। युगों के अनुसार देवताओं के अवतार माने जाते हैं लेकिन साधुओं की, फकीरों की भी लंबी परंपरा हमारे समाज में पाई जाती है। कागजों के बीच के शब्दों का स्वर हमें सुनाई देना चाहिए। हमें संवेदनशील होना चाहिए।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

(आ) पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ पूर्ण कीजिए :

पद्यांश : तूफाँ तो इस शहर ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… बाहर आता है। (पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. 47)

प्रश्न 1.
सहसंबंध लिखिए :
उत्तर :

  • दाँत – जहरीले
  • साँप का – मंत्र
  • आँखों में – सैलाब
  • तकरीरो में – जौहर

प्रश्न 2.
पद्यांश के आधार पर दो ऐसे प्रश्न वनाइए जिनके उत्तर निम्न शब्द हों :
(i) तूफाँ – ……………………………..
(ii) होंठ – ……………………………..
उत्तर :
(i) तूफाँ – इस शहर में अक्सर कौन आता है ?
(ii) होंठ – सूखे बादल किस पर कुछ लिखते हैं ?

प्रश्न 3.
पद्यांश का भावार्थ अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर :
प्रस्तुत पद्यांश कवि डॉ. राहत इंदौरी जी लिखित गजल है। गजलकार मनुष्य के दोगलेपन पर व्यंग्य कसते हुए कहते हैं कि हमारे शहर में तूफान तो हमेशा आते हैं, पता नहीं अब वह किसे बरबाद करेगा। कोई भी उसके चपेट में आ सकता है। हमारे जीवन में संकट हमेशा आते हैं, उन संकटों से लड़ने के लिए हमें हमेशा तैयार रहना पड़ेगा।

हमे हमेशा सतर्क और चौकन्ना रहना पड़ेगा भले ही उनके दाँत जहरीले होंगे लेकिन हमें भी उस जहर का इलाज करना आना चाहिए।

सूखे हुए बादल (हमारी भ्रष्ट व्यवस्था) हमारे भाग्य (होंठों) पर कुछ प्रभाव जरूर छोड़ जाते हैं। इसके कारण आँखों में सैलाब का दृश्य नजर आता है जो सारी व्यवस्था को नष्ट कर नया भविष्य दे सकता है। कोई व्यक्ति जब अपने विचार बयाँ।

करता है, तब उसकी योग्यता का पता चलता है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

(इ) पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ पूर्ण कीजिए

पद्यांश : बचकर रहना, एक कातिल …………………………………………………………………………………………. ख्वाब मयस्सर आता है। (पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. 47)

प्रश्न 1.
उचित जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए :
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद 1

‘क’ ‘ख’
(1) …………………….. ……………………..
(2) …………………….. ……………………..
(3) …………………….. ……………………..
(4) …………………….. ……………………..

उत्तर :

(1) कागजपोशाक
(2) जहनतअफ्फन
(3) कपड़ाइत्र
(4) आँखख्वाब

प्रश्न 2.
कारण लिखिए :
(i) बचकर रहना है क्योंकि ………………………………..
(ii) रहमत पर फैलाए मिलने आती है क्योंकि ………………………………..
उत्तर :
(i) बचकर रहना है क्योंकि इस बस्ती में एक कातिल कागज की पोशाक पहनकर हत्याएँ करने आता है।
(ii) रहमत पर फैलाए मिलने आती है क्योंकि हमारी पलकों पर कोई पयंबर आता है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

प्रश्न 3.
पद्यांश का भावार्थ अपने शब्दों में लिखिए :
उत्तर :
प्रस्तुत पद्यांश डॉ. राहत इंदौरी जी लिखित एक गजल है। गजलकार हमें वर्तमान स्थिति से अवगत कराते हुए सतर्क रहने का परामर्श दे रहे हैं। वे कह रहे हैं कि एक हत्यारा इस बस्ती में कागज की पोशाक पहनकर हत्याएँ करने आता है। व्यक्ति हमेशा अपने कर्मों की दुर्गंध अपने मस्तिष्क में भरता है।

जो दूसरों के बारे में बुरा सोचता है उसका कभी भला नहीं होता। जहाँ दया, सहानुभूति, प्रेम, अपनापन जैसी भावनाएँ होती हैं वहीं पर ईश्वर की रहमत बरसती है। कवि स्वयं भी सूखे हुए जलाशय की तरह सूखा बना है परंतु प्यास बुझाने की आस लिए समुंदर प्रतिदिन उसके किनारे पर आता है अर्थात शक्ति क्षीण हो जाने पर भी मदद करने वाले के पास मदद माँगने वालों की भीड़ लगी रहती है।

अपने सपनों को साकार करने के लिए कड़ी मेहनत करनी चाहिए। हमारे सपने जब साकार होते हैं, पूर्ण होते हैं तब आँखों को सुकून मिलता है।

गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद Summary in Hindi

गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद कवि परिचय :

राहत इंदौरी जी का जन्म इंदौर में 1 जनवरी 1950 में कपड़ा मिल के कर्मचारी रफ्तुल्लाह कुरैशी और मकबुल उन निशा बेगम के यहाँ हुआ। उनकी प्राथमिक शिक्षा नूतन स्कूल इंदौर में हुई। उन्होंने इस्लामिया करीमिया कॉलेज इंदौर से 1973 में अपनी स्नातक की पढ़ाई पूरी की और 1975 में बरकतउल्लाह विश्वविद्यालय भोपाल से उर्दू साहित्य में एम.ए. किया।

तत्पश्चात 1985 में मध्य प्रदेश के भौज मुक्त विश्वविद्यालय से उर्दू साहित्य में पी.एच.डी. की उपाधि प्राप्त की। आप एक भारतीय उर्दू शायर और हिंदी फिल्मों के गीतकार हैं। आप देवी अहिल्या विश्वविद्यालय इंदौर में उर्दू साहित्य के प्राध्यापक भी रह चुके हैं।

आप उन चंद शायरों में से एक हैं जिनकी गजलों ने मुशायरों (poet conference) को साहित्यिक स्तर और सम्मान प्रदान किया है। आपकी गजलों में आधुनिक प्रतीक और बिंब (image) विद्यमान हैं, जो जीवन की वास्तविकता दर्शाते हैं।

गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद प्रमुख कृतियाँ :

धूप-धूप, नाराज, चाँद पागल है, रुत, मौजूद, धूप बहुत है, दो कदम और सही (गजल संग्रह) आदि। काव्य परिचय : पहली गजल में दोस्ती का अर्थ और उसके महत्त्व को गजलकार ने स्पष्ट किया है। दूसरी गजल में गजलकार ने वर्तमान स्थिति का चित्रण किया है।

प्रस्तुत गजलें नया हौसला निर्माण करने वाली, उत्साह दिलाने वाली, सकारात्मकता तथा संवेदनशीलता को जगाने वाली है, जिसमें जिंदगी के अलग-अलग रंगों का खूबसूरत इजहार (express) है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद सारांश :

(अ) दोस्ती : दोस्ती का मतलब समझाते हुए कवि कहते हैं कि अगर सच्चे दिल से तुम मुझे दोस्त समझते हो तो मेरे विचारों को भी मान लीजिए। विश्वास रखना मैं हरदम तुम्हारी भलाई के बारे में ही सोचूंगा। मेरे सभी विचार तुम्हारे विचारों के साथ मेल खाएँगे। मेरा कोई विचार तुम्हें पसंद नहीं आया तो तुम शिकायत (नाराजगी व्यक्त) कर सकते हो, शायद मेरे विचार तुम्हें बुरे भी लग सकते हैं, लेकिन मेरे कुछ विचार तुम्हें मानने भी पड़ेंगे।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद 2

कवि कहते हैं कि मनुष्य के हृदय (दिल) को हमें सबसे बड़ा शत्रु मान लेना चाहिए। हमें पत्थर को भी खुदा (ईश्वर) मानना चाहिए।

कवि यह कहना चाहते हैं कि दुनिया ने मुझपर यह ठप्पा लगा दिया है कि मैं हमेशा झूठ ही बोलता हूँ। यह मुझे स्वीकार है कि ज्यादातर मैं झूठ बोलता हूँ लेकिन इसका मतलब यह नहीं है कि मैं हमेशा झूठ ही बोलता हूँ। कभी-कभार मैं सच भी बोलता हूँ। इसलिए मेरी आप से बिनती है कि कभी-कभी तो मेरी बातों पर विश्वास रखना, अन्यथा पता नहीं उसमें तुम्हारा ही नुकसान होगा।

कवि कहते हैं कि युगों के अनुसार देवताओं के भिन्न अवतार माने जाते हैं लेकिन साधुओं, फकिरों की भी लंबी परंपरा हमारे समाज में पाई जाती है। वही वैराग्य धारण कर समाज की सेवा करने का व्रत लेते हैं। कई सालों से हम फकिरों के इस व्रत का अनुसरण करते चले आ रहे हैं।

कवि कहते हैं कि कागजों के बीच खामोशियाँ होती हैं, उन्हें हमें पढ़ना आना चाहिए। तब एक-एक शब्द भी अपना कहा कुछ कहता है। उन शब्दों के स्वर हमें सुनाई देने चाहिए। हमे संवेदनशील होना चाहिए।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

कवि कहते हैं कि किसी को परखने में, किसी की परीक्षा लेने में कोई बुराई नहीं है। हमें अपने कर्तव्यों को, उत्तरदायित्वों को पूर्ण करना चाहिए और मुझे भी तुम परखो और मुझे भला मानकर मेरी कुछ बातें भी माननी पड़ेंगी। आपको मेरी बातें आज शायद कटु, बुरी लगे, लेकिन उसमें आपकी भलाई ही छिपी होगी।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद 3

कवि कहते हैं कि आए हुए संकट को पार लगाना ही जिंदगी है। जो संकट, दुःख जीवन में मिले हैं उससे बाहर निकलने का. रास्ता तो हमें अवश्य ढूँढ़ना होगा। लेकिन उसके साथ-साथ दुःख ने हमें पनाह दी इसलिए उसके आभार भी प्रकट करने चाहिए क्योंकि दुःख के छत ने ही हमें सुख का अहसास करा दिया। जिंदगी में अगर हमेशा ही सुख मिलता रहे तो जीवन रुचिहीन होगा। दुःख ही वह बात है जो हमें सूख का मूल्य (महत्व) समझा देती है।

(आ) मौजूद : कवि कहते हैं कि इस शहर में अक्सर तूफान आते रहते हैं। आने वाला तूफान शहर को नेस्तनाबूद (destroyed) करने पर तुला रहता है। तूफान के कारण शहर का नक्शा बदल जाता है। हर तरफ नुकसान का मंजर छाया रहता है, कई जाने चली जाती है। इस हालत की आदत-सी हो गई है।

जब-तक जिंदा है तब तक चिंतामुक्त, तनावरहित जीवन जिएँगे। देखते हैं कल के तूफान में किसका नंबर आता है, किसके दिन भर गए हैं। तब तक तो खुशी-खुशी से जिएँगे। – कवि कहते हैं कि आज सच्चे मित्रों का मिलना बड़ा कठिन हुआ है। जिसे हम दोस्त मानते हैं, वही हमारा सबसे बड़ा दुश्मन हो सकता है। हमे हमेशा सतर्क और चौकन्ना रहना पड़ेगा। भले ही उनके दाँत जहरीले होंगे लेकिन हमें भी उस जहर का इलाज करना आना चाहिए।

कवि कहते हैं कि सूखे हुए बादल (हमारी भ्रष्ट व्यवस्था) हमारे भाग्य (होठों) पर कुछ प्रभाव जरूर छोड़ जाते हैं। इस के कारण गुस्सा आँखों में सैलाब (बाढ़) सा नजर आता है, वह सारी व्यवस्था को नष्ट कर नया भविष्य दे सकता है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद

कवि कहते हैं कि कोई व्यक्ति जब अपने विचार बयान करता है, तब उसकी योग्यता, कौशल का पता चलता है। उस व्यक्ति के हृदय में क्या चल रहा है वह सब होठों पर आ जाता है। शब्दों के बिना हमारा चातुर्य बेकार है।

कवि कहते हैं कि मनुष्य को हमेशा सावधान, सतर्क रहना चाहिए। इस बस्ती में एक कातिल (killer) कागज (झूठा, दोगला) का पोशाक पहनकर (स्वार्थ) हत्याएँ करने आता है। मनुष्य जैसा दिखता है, वैसा नहीं होता। वह किसी को भी धोखा देकर अपना स्वार्थ पूरा करता है।

कवि कहते हैं कुछ व्यक्ति हमेशा अपने कर्मों की दुर्गंध (बुराई) अपने मस्तिष्क में भरते रहते हैं। दूसरों के लिए वे गड्ढा खोदते हैं लेकिन खुद उस गड्ढे में जाकर गिरते हैं। जब हम अपने कपड़ों पर इत्र लगाते हैं, तो उसकी सुगंध दूसरों को आने से पहले स्वयं को आती है। दूसरों का बुरा सोचने पर खुदका बुरा होता है।

कवि कहते हैं कि दया, कृपा, इंसानियत के दो बड़े पहलू हैं। लेकिन यह तभी मुमकिन है जब हम ईश्वरी सत्ता देख पाते हैं। दूरसों के प्रति दया, परसुख हम तभी देख पाएँगे जब हमारी आँखों में ईश्वरी दृष्टि होगी।

कवि कहते हैं अनुभवि व्यक्ति या दूसरों की मदद करने वाला व्यक्ति थकने पर, उसकी शक्ति क्षीण हो जाने पर वह कुछ नहीं कर सकता किंतु उसके अनुभवों (दयालु वृत्ति) से जो ज्ञान प्राप्त होता है उसे प्राप्त करने के लिए उसके पास हमेशा भीड़ लगी रहती है।

कवि कहते हैं कि जो आँखें ख्वाब (सपने) देखती हैं, वह सपने अगर प्रत्यक्ष में उतरते हैं तो उन आँखों की नींद गायब हो जाती है। अर्थात वह बहुत सुखी और सफल बन जाता है। अपने सपनों को प्राप्त करने के लिए हमें कड़ी मेहनत करनी चाहिए।

गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद शब्दार्थ:

  • हरीफ = शत्रु
  • सदा = आवाज
  • तअफ्फुन = दुर्गंध
  • संग = पत्थर
  • मंजर = दृश्य
  • जहन = मस्तिष्क
  • गाहे-गाहे = कभी-कभी
  • तकरीर = बातचीत
  • साहिल = किनारा
  • हर्फ = अक्षर
  • जौहर = कौशल
  • मयस्सर = प्राप्त
  • दोस्ती : शिकवा – शिकायत (complaint),
  • हरीफ – शत्रु, दुश्मन (enemy),
  • संग – पत्थर (stone),
  • गाहे – गाहे – कभी-कभी (sometimes),
  • हर्फ – अक्षर, शब्द (word),
  • सदा – आवाज (voice),
  • आजमाइश – अजमाकर देखना (trial),
  • फर्ज – विश्वास (trust),
  • तरकीब – उपाय, युक्ति, तरीका (remedy)
  • मौजूद : तूफाँ – तूफान (storm),
  • मंतर – मंत्र, मंजर – दृश्य (view),
  • सैलाब – बाढ़ (flood), Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 9 गजलें (अ) दोस्ती (आ) मौजूद
  • तकरीर – बातचीत (chating),
  • जौहर – कौशल, गुण (skill),
  • तअफ्फुन – दुर्गंध (odour),
  • जहन – मस्तिष्क (brain),
  • रहमत – दया – (mercy),
  • पयंबर – देवदूत, ईश्वर (angel),
  • साहिल – किनारा, तट (edge),
  • ख्वाब – सपना (dream),
  • मयस्सर – प्राप्त होना (get)

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Hindi Yuvakbharati 11th Digest Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला

11th Hindi Digest Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला Textbook Questions and Answers

आकलन

1. लिखिए :

प्रश्न अ.
यशोदा अपने पुत्र को शांत करती हुई कहती हैं –
………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………….
उत्तर :
हे चंदा जल्दी से आ जाओ। तुम्हें मेरा लाल बुला रहा है। मेरा लाल मधु मेवा स्वयं भी खाएगा और तुम्हें भी खिलाएगा।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला

प्रश्न आ.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों से संबंधित पद में समाहित एक-एक पंक्ति लिखिए –
(१) फल : ………………………………………………………….
(२) व्यंजन : ………………………………………………………….
(३) पान : ………………………………………………………….
उत्तर :
(a) फल : खारिक दाख खोपरा खीरा।
केरा आम ऊख रस सीरा।।

(b) व्यंजन : रचि पिराक लड्डू दधि आनौं।
तुमकौं भावत पुरी संधानौ।।

(c) पान : तब तमोल रचि तुमहिं खवावौं।
सूरदास पनवारौ पावौं।।

काव्य सौंदर्य

2.
प्रश्न अ.
निम्नलिखित पंक्तियों का भाव सौंदर्य स्पष्ट कीजिए –
“जलपुट आनि धरनि पर राख्यौ।
गहि आन्यौ वह चंद दिखावै॥”
उत्तर :
बालक कृष्ण को माता यशोदा कह तो देती है कि, “तुम जल्दी से चुप हो जाओ। मैं चंद्रमा को तुम्हारे साथ खेलने के लिए बुला रही हूँ।” पर अब यह चंद्रमा बालक कृष्ण की पकड़ में आए कैसे..? गहि आन्यौ… पंक्ति में माँ का बड़ा ही सुंदर भाव प्रकट हुआ है।

माँ अपनी युक्ति लगाती है – बड़े बर्तन में पानी रखकर चंद्रमा को अपने आँगन में उतार लेती है। यशोदा कहती है यह लो लल्ला, पकड़ लाई चंद्रमा को.. यहाँ चंद्रमा का मानवीकरण किया गया है। वात्सल्य रस की निष्पत्ति हुई है।

प्रश्न आ.
निम्नलिखित पंक्तियों का भावार्थ स्पष्ट कीजिए –
“रचि पिराक, लड्डू, दधि आनौं।
तुमको भावत पुरी संधानौं।”
उत्तर :
प्रस्तुत पंक्तियाँ सूरदास जी द्वारा रचित बाल लीला पद से ली गई हैं। इस पद में माता यशोदा कृष्ण को जलपान करने की मनुहार करती है। कहती है – “देखो तुम्हारे लिए क्या-क्या बना लाई हूँ। मैं एक नहीं तुम्हारी पसंद के सभी व्यंजन एक साथ बना लाई हूँ। गुझिया, लड्डू, पूरी, अचार और दही भी लाई हूँ।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला

अभिव्यक्ति

3. ‘माँ ममता का सागर होती है’, इस उक्ति में निहित विचार अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर :
ईश्वर सभी जगह नहीं पहुँच सकता, इसलिए उसने माँ का निर्माण किया है। माँ की ममता ही व्यक्ति को जीवन में सबल और सार्थक बनाती है। माँ की ममता व्यक्ति के जीवन की वह नींव है जिसके आधार पर ही वह जीवन की इमारत खड़ी करता है। माँ की तुलना किसी से नहीं की जा सकती। वह अमूल्य हीरा है, निच्छल, निष्कपट, पवित्र। उसका प्यार व्यक्ति को धनवान बना देता है। माँ की ममता के बारे में जितना भी कुछ कहा जाए सब कम है। जैसे सागर की गहराई को नहीं नापा जा सकता वैसे ही माँ की ममता को भी कुछ शब्दों में बयाँ नहीं किया जा सकता।

रसास्वादन

4. बाल हठ और वात्सल्य के आधार पर सूर के पदों का रसास्वादन कीजिए।
उत्तर :
(i) शीर्षक : बाल लीला
(ii) रचनाकार : संत सूरदास

(iii) केंद्रीय कल्पना : प्रस्तुत कविता में कविवर्य संत सूरदास जी ने कृष्ण के बाल हठ एवं यशोदा मैया की वात्सल्य मूर्ति को अंकित किया है। प्रथम पद में यशोदा मैया कृष्ण का चाँद पाने का हठ भी पूरा करती है तो द्वितीय पद में यशोदा कृष्ण को कलेवा कराने हेतु दुलारती दिखाई देती है। कृष्ण की पसंद के विभिन्न स्वादिष्ट व्यंजन सामने रखकर वह कृष्ण की मनुहार कर रही है।

(iv) रस-अलंकार : प्रस्तुत पद गेय शैली में लिखे गए हैं। इनमें वात्सल्य रस की निष्पत्ति हुई है।

(v) प्रतीक विधान : सूरदास स्वयं को माता यशोदा मानते हैं और अपने आराध्य को बालक कृष्ण समझकर कृष्ण के बाल हठ को पूरा कर रहे हैं तथा उन्हें भोजन कराने का प्रयत्न कर रहे हैं।

(vi) कल्पना : प्रथम पद में चाँद को शरीर धारण कर कृष्ण के साथ खेलने की कल्पना की है।

(vii) पसंद की पंक्तियाँ तथा प्रभाव :
‘जलपुट आनि धरनी पर राख्यौ, गहि आन्यौ वह चंद दिखावै।
सूरदास प्रभु हँसि मुसक्याने, बार-बार दोऊ कर नावै।।

सूरदास जी इस पद में कह रहे हैं कि यशोदा हाथ में पानी का बरतन उठाकर लाई है। वे चंद्रमा से कहती हैं कि, ‘तुम शरीर धारण कर आ जाओ।’ फिर उन्होंने जल का पात्र भूमि पर रख दिया और कृष्ण से कहा, “देखो मैं वह चंद्रमा पकड़ लाई हूँ। तब सूरदास के प्रभु कृष्ण हँस पड़े और मुस्कराते हुए उस पात्र में बार-बार दोनों हाथ डालने लगे। कितनी सुंदर कल्पना की है यहाँ सूरदास जी ने।

(viii) कविता पसंद आने के कारण : मुझे यह कविता पसंद है, क्योंकि यहाँ वात्सल्य रस के साथ-साथ सूरदास जी का अपने आराध्य के प्रति भक्ति भाव भी स्पष्ट दिखाई देता है। उन्होंने अपने आराध्य को बालक के रूप में देखा और माता के समान स्नेह देते हुए भक्ति की है। माँ के जैसे ही वे कृष्ण को कहते हैं, “उठिए स्याम कलेऊ की जै।” यही भक्ति की चरम सीमा है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला

साहित्य संबंधी सामान्य ज्ञान

5. जानकारी दीजिए:

प्रश्न अ.
संत सूरदास के प्रमुख ग्रंथ –
उत्तर :
‘सूरसागर’, ‘सूर सारावली’

प्रश्न आ.
संत सूरदास की रचनाओं के प्रमुख विषय –
उत्तर :
कृष्ण की बाललीलाएँ (वात्सल्य रस)
सगुण और निर्गुण भक्ति (भक्ति रस)
वियोग श्रृंगार (श्रृंगार रस)

रस

हास्य – जब काव्य में किसी की विचित्र वेशभूषा, अटपटी आकृति, क्रियाकलाप, रूप-रंग, वाणी एवं व्यवहार को देखकर, सुनकर, पढ़कर हृदय में हास का भाव उत्पन्न होता है, वहाँ हास्य रस की निर्मिति होती है।
उदा. –
(१) तंबुरा ले मंच पर बैठे प्रेमप्रताप,
साज मिले पंद्रह मिनट, घंटा भर आलाप।
घंटा भर आलाप, राग में मारा गोता,
धीरे-धीरे खिसक चुके थे सारे श्रोता।।
– काका हाथरसी

(२) मैं ऐसा शूर वीर हूँ, पापड़ तोड़ सकता हूँ।
अगर गुस्सा आ जाए तो कागज मरोड़ सकता हूँ।।
– अजमेरी लाल महावीर

वात्सल्य – जब काव्य में अपनों से छोटों के प्रति स्नेह या ममत्व भाव अभिव्यक्त होता है, वहाँ वात्सल्य रस की निर्मिति होती है।
उदा. –
(१) जसोदा हरि पालनैं झुलावै।
हलरावे दुलराइ मल्हावै, जोइ सोइ कछु गावै।।
– सूरदास

(२) ठुमक चलत रामचंद्र, बाजत पैंजनियाँ।
किलकि किलकि उठत धाय, गिरत भूमि लटपटाय।
धाय मात गोद लेत, दशरथ की रनियाँ।।
– तुलसीदास

Yuvakbharati Hindi 11th Textbook Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला Additional Important Questions and Answers

कृतिपत्रिका

(अ) निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

पद्यांश : बार-बार ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. दोऊ कर नावें (पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. 24)

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला

प्रश्न 1.
संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए :
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला 1
उत्तर :
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला 2

प्रश्न 2.
आशय स्पष्ट कीजिए :
(i) “गहि आन्यो वह चंद दिखावै”
उत्तर :
माँ यशोदा कृष्ण को समझा रही है पहले तो वह कहती है कि, “देखो मेरे लाल, तुम कभी रोना मत। तुम्हें खेलने के लिए मैं चंद्रमा को धरती पर बुलाऊँगी।” चंद्रमा का और बाल मन का कुछ प्राकृतिक आकर्षण है। प्रत्येक छोटा बालक चंद्रमा को प्राप्त करने (हाथ से छूने की) की अभिलाषा रखता है।

माँ यशोदा एक बड़े बर्तन में पानी भरकर आँगन में रख देती है और कृष्ण से कहती है, “मेरे लाल ये देखो मैं चंद्रमा को पकड़ लाई, अब जितनी देर तक मन करे उतनी देर तक तुम चंद्रमा के साथ खेल सकते हो।’ इस पंक्ति में चंद्रमा को धरती पर ले आने का भाव व्यक्त हुआ है।

प्रश्न 3.
पद्यांश का भावार्थ अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर :
यशोदा अपने पुत्र कृष्ण को चुप करा रही है। स्वभावत: जब बच्चे रोने लगते हैं तो माताएँ कुछ कहकर या लोरी सुनाकर उन्हें चुप कराने का प्रयास करती हैं। वैसे ही माता यशोदा कहती है कि, “तुम जल्दी से, चुप हो जाओ, मैं चंदा को बुला रही हूँ। अगर तुम रोते रहे तो चंद्रमा नीचे नहीं आएगा।

आ जाओ, चंदा जल्दी से आ जाओ। मेरा लाल तुम्हें बुला रहा है। स्वयं भी छप्पन भोग खाएगा और तुम्हें भी खिलाएगा।” यशोदा कृष्ण की पसंदीदा मक्खन, मिसरी, मेवा का नाम इसलिए लेती है कि यह सुनते ही कृष्ण चुप हो जाएँगे। “मेरे लल्ला को तुम्हारे साथ खेलना बहुत अच्छा लगेगा, हाँ, तुम चिंता ना करो, मेरा लाल तुम्हे अपने हाथ (हथेली) पर ही रखकर खेलेगा, नीचे तो कभी नहीं उतारेगा।”

यशोदा आँगन में पानी से भरा पात्र रखकर कृष्ण को चंद्रमा दिखाती है। कहती है, “लाल यह देखो, मैं चंद्रमा को पकड़कर ले आई।” सूरदास जी कहते हैं – ऐसा सुनकर मेरे प्रभु श्रीकृष्ण हँस पड़े और मुस्कराते हुए उस पात्र में बार-बार दोनों हाथ डालने लगे।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला

(आ) निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

पद्यांश : उठिए स्याम ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. पनवारौ पावौं (पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. 24)

प्रश्न 1.
जाल पूर्ण क्रीजिए :
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला 3
उत्तर :
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला 4

प्रश्न 2.
रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति कीजिए :
(i) खोवा ………….. खाहु बलिहारी।
(ii) तुमकौं ……………. पुरी संधानौं।।
उत्तर :
सहित
भावत

प्रश्न 3.
पद्यांश का भावार्थ अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर :
प्रस्तुत पद्यांश “बाल-लीला” कविता से लिया गया है। इसके रचयिता सूरदास जी हैं। इस पद में माता यशोदा कृष्ण का लाड़ प्यार कैसे करती है, कैसे उनको जलपान कराती है आदि का विस्तार पूर्वक संवेदनाओं एवं भावनाओं के साथ वर्णन किया है।

माता यशोदा कहती है – “हे स्याम, मेरे मनमोहन उठो, जल्दी उठकर कलेवा (जलपान) कर लो। मेरे जीवन का आधार तो तुम ही हो। अर्थात् तुम्हें देखकर ही तो मैं जीवित हूँ। देखो, तुम्हारे जलपान के लिए नाना प्रकार के व्यंजन लाई हूँ।

छुहारा, दाख, खोपरा, आम, केला, ईख का रस, पूड़ी, अचार जो तुम्हें बहुत ही प्रिय है वह सब कुछ। जब पूरे व्यंजन खत्म कर दोगे तो मैं तुम्हें पान भी खिलाऊँगी।” यह माता-पुत्र के संवाद को सुनकर सूरदास जी अत्यंत प्रसन्न हो जाते हैं। मन-ही-मन आनंदित होते हैं कि अब उनको पान खिलाई मिलें।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला

मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला Summary in Hindi

मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला कवि परिचय :

संत सूरदास जी का जन्म 1478 को दिल्ली के पास सीही नामक गाँव में हुआ। आरंभ में आप आगरा और मथुरा के बीच यमुना के किनारे गऊ घाट पर रहे। वहीं आप की भेंट वल्लभाचार्य से हुई। अष्टछाप कवियों की सगुण भक्ति काव्य-धारा के आप अकेले ऐसे कवि हैं जिनकी भक्ति में साख्य, वात्सल्य और माधुर्य भाव निहित हैं। कृष्ण की बाल-लीला तथा वात्सल्य भाव का सजीव चित्रण आपकी रचना का मुख्य विषय है।

मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला प्रमुख रचनाएँ :

‘सूर सागर’, ‘सूरसारावली’ तथा साहित्य लहरी आदि।

मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला काव्य विधा :

‘पद’ काव्य की एक गेय शैली है। हिंदी साहित्य में ‘पद शैली’ की दो निश्चित परंपराएँ मिलती हैं, एक संतो के ‘सबद’ की और दूसरी परंपरा कृष्णभक्तों की ‘पद शैली’ है। इसका आधार लोकगीतों की शैली है। भक्ति-भावना की अभिव्यक्ति के लिए पद शैली का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला विषय प्रवेश :

प्रस्तुत पदों में कृष्ण के बाल हठ और माँ यशोदा की ममतामयी छबि को प्रस्तुत किया है। प्रथम पद में चाँद की छबि दिखाकर यशोदा कृष्ण को बहला लेती है। चाँद को देखकर कृष्ण मुस्करा उठते हैं जिसे देख माँ यशोदा बलिहारी जाती है। द्वितीय पद में माँ यशोदा कृष्ण को कलेवा करने के लिए मनुहार कर रही है उनकी पसंद के विभिन्न स्वदिष्ट व्यंजन उनके सामने रखकर वह खाने के लिए मनहार कर रही है।

मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला सारांश :

(कविता की व्याख्या) : यशोदा अपने पुत्र को प्यार करते हुए चुप करा रही हैं। वे बार-बार कृष्ण को समझाती है और कहती हैं कि – “अरे चंदा हमारे घर आ जा। तुम्हें मेरा लाल बुला रहा है। यह मधु, मेवा, ढेर सारे पकवान स्वयं भी खाएगा और तुम्हें भी खिलाएगा।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला 5

मेरा लाल (कृष्ण) तुम्हें हाथ पर ही रखकर खेलेगा, तुम्हें जमीन पर बिल्कुल नहीं बिठाएगा।” माँ यशोदा बर्तन में पानी भरकर उठाती है और कहती है, “हे चंद्रमा, तुम इस पात्र में आकर बैठ जाओ। मेरा लाल तुम्हारे साथ खेलकर अत्यंत प्रसन्न हो जाएगा।”

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला

यशोदा उस जल पात्र को नीचे रख देती है और कृष्ण से कहती है – “देख बेटा ! मैं चंद्रमा को पकड़ लाई हूँ।” सूरदास जी कहते हैं, मेरे प्रभु श्रीकृष्ण चंद्रमा को जल पात्र में देखकर हँस पड़ते हैं। मुस्कराते हुए उस जल पात्र में बार-बार दोनों हाथ डालकर चंद्रमा को हाथ में लेने का (उठाकर खेलने के लिए) प्रयास करने लगते हैं।

प्रस्तुत पंक्तियों में बाल-हठ और माता के ममत्व का भावपूर्ण वर्णन मिलता है।

हे मेरे मनमोहन, मेरे लाल, उठो, कलेवा (नाश्ता) कर लो। माँ यशोदा अपने हृदय की बात कहती है, अपने मनोभाव को व्यक्त करती हुई कहती है – “मैं मनमोहन को देखकर ही तो जीती हूँ” अर्थात् कृष्ण के बिना मेरा जीवन अधूरा है। मेरे जीवन का लक्ष्य ही कृष्ण है।

हे लाल, देखो तो सही; मैं तुम्हारे पसंद के बहुत से व्यंजन लाई हूँ। गुझिया, लड्डू, पूरी, अचार वह सब कुछ जो तुम्हें पसंद हैं। पहले तुम कलेवा कर लो, फिर मैं तुम्हें पान बनाकर खिलाऊँगी।

कवि का यहाँ यही अभिप्राय है कि माँ किस तरह अपनी संतान से स्नेह करती है। उसके जीवन का उद्देश्य ही अपनी संतान को सदा प्रसन्न रखना रहता है। पान खिलाने की बात सुनकर महाकवि सूरदास अत्यंत प्रसन्न हो जाते हैं। सूरदास पान खिलाई के अवसर पर विशेष उपहार की कल्पना करते हैं और वह उपहार है “कृष्ण भक्ति”।

विशेष शुभ अवसर पर विशेष व्यक्ति को पान खिलाया जाता है। यह एक भारतीय परंपरा है। बदले में उपहार के तौर पर कुछ ना कुछ भेंट दी जाती है। उसे नेग भी कहते हैं। सूरदास जी को भला प्रभु भक्ति के अलावा अन्य (नेग) उपहार से क्या लेना देना? यही भक्ति की चरम सीमा है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला

मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला शब्दार्थ:

  • बोधति = समझाती है
  • खैहे = खाएगा
  • तोहि = तुम्हें
  • बासन = पात्र, बर्तन
  • गहि = पकड़
  • नावै = डालते हैं
  • कलेऊ = जलपान, कलेवा
  • संधानौं = अचार
  • जी जै = जी रही हूँ
  • खारिक = छुहारा
  • दाख = किशमिश
  • सफरी = अमरूद
  • खुबानी = जरदालू
  • सुहारी = पूड़ी
  • पिराक = गुझिया जैसा एक पकवान
  • पनवारौ = पान खिलाई
  • सुत = पुत्र (son),
  • बोधति = समझाती है (to make one understand),
  • खैहै = भोजन करना, खाना (to eat),
  • हाथहि = हाथ पर ही (on the palm),
  • तोहिं = तुम्हें (for you),
  • नैंकु = बिल्कुल नहीं (कभी नहीं) (never),
  • धरनी = जमीन (पृथ्वी) (earth),
  • वासन = पात्र, बर्तन (vessel),
  • गहि = पकड़ (caught),
  • कर = हाथ (hand),
  • ना₹ = डालते हैं (to put),
  • कलेऊ = जलपान, कलेवा (breakfast),
  • ऊख = गन्ना (sugarcane),
  • संधानौ = अचार (pickle),
  • जी जै = जी रही हूँ (to be alive),
  • खारिक = छुहारा (dates),
  • दाख = किशमिश (raisin),
  • सफरी = अमरूद (guava), Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 5.2 मध्ययुगीन काव्य (आ) बाल लीला
  • खुबानी = जरदालू, एक गुठलीदार फल या मेवा (apricoat),
  • सुहारी = पूड़ी (a deep fried chapatti),
  • पिराक = गुझिया जैसा एक मीठा पकवान (sweet dish),
  • पनवारौ = पान खिलाई (auspiciously giving betel leaf for eating)

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

1. Fill in the Blanks.

Question 1.
______________ encompasses all of the technologies that we use in order to create, collect, process, protect and store information.
Answer:
Information Technology

Question 2.
______________ refers to hardware, software (computer programs), and computer networks.
Answer:
Information Technology

Question 3.
Full form of ICT is ______________
Answer:
Information and Communication Technology

Question 4.
______________ concept involves transfer and use of all kinds of information.
Answer:
Information and Communication Technology

Question 5.
______________ is the foundation of economy and a driving force of social changes in the 21st century.
Answer:
Information and Communication Technology

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 6.
______________ can be any character, text, word, number or raw facts.
Answer:
Data

Question 7.
______________ is data formatted in a manner that allows it to be utilized by human beings in some significant way.
Answer:
Information

Question 8.
The word Computer is derived from a Latin word ______________
Answer:
Computare

Question 9.
An electronic device which accepts input from the user, processes it according to the instructions given to it and gives the required result in the form of output, is a ______________
Answer:
Computer

Question 10.
A ______________ can process data, images, audio, video and graphics.
Answer:
Computer

Question 11.
______________ accepts data or instructions by way of input.
Answer:
Computer

Question 12.
______________ stores data.
Answer:
Computer

Question 13.
______________ can process data as required by the user.
Answer:
Computer

Question 14.
______________ gives results in the form of output.
Answer:
Computer

Question 15.
______________ controls all operations inside a computer.
Answer:
Computer

Question 16.
______________ is a specification detailing of how a set of software and hardware technology standards interact to form a computer system.
Answer:
Computer Architecture

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 17.
______________ refers to how a computer system is designed and how it works.
Answer:
Computer Architecture

Question 18.
______________ helps users to enter data and commands into a computer system.
Answer:
Input unit

Question 19.
The main function of ______________ devices is to direct commands and data into computer.
Answer:
Input

Question 20.
______________ is an input device that enters numbers and characters.
Answer:
Keyboard

Question 21.
A ______________ can be an input device for entering directions and commands.
Answer:
Mouse

Question 22.
Full form of CPU is ______________
Answer:
Central Processing Unit

Question 23.
After receiving data and commands from users, a computer system has to process it according to the instructions provided. Here, it has to rely on a component called the ______________
Answer:
Central Processing Unit

Question 24.
The ______________ further uses these three elements Arithmetic and Logic Unit, Control Unit and Memory Unit.
Answer:
Central Processing Unit

Question 25.
Full form of ALU is ______________
Answer:
Arithmetic and Logic Unit

Question 26.
______________ part of the CPU performs arithmetic operations.
Answer:
Arithmetic and Logic Unit

Question 27.
______________ can even perform logical functions like the comparison of data.
Answer:
Arithmetic and Logic Unit

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 28.
______________ is the back bone of computers.
Answer:
Control Unit

Question 29.
______________ is responsible for coordinating tasks between all components of a computer system.
Answer:
Control Unit

Question 30.
The ______________ collects data from input units and sends it to processing units depending on its nature.
Answer:
Control Unit

Question 31.
______________ transmits processed data to output units to facilitate users.
Answer:
Control Unit

Question 32.
Once a user enters data using input devices, the computer system stores this data in its ______________
Answer:
Memory Unit

Question 33.
The ______________ uses a set of pre-programmed instructions to further transmit this data to other parts of the CPU.
Answer:
Memory Unit

Question 34.
______________ is internal memory of the computer.
Answer:
Primary Memory

Question 35.
______________ is also known as main memory.
Answer:
Primary Memory

Question 36.
______________ holds the data and instruction on which computer is currently working.
Answer:
Primary Memory

Question 37.
RAM stands for ______________
Answer:
Random Access Memory

Question 38.
______________ is known as read/write memory.
Answer:
Random Access Memory

Question 39.
______________ is generally referred to as main memory of the computer system.
Answer:
Random Access Memory

Question 40.
______________ is a temporary memory.
Answer:
Random Access Memory

Question 41.
______________ is also called as Volatile Memory.
Answer:
Random Access Memory

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 42.
ROM stands for ______________
Answer:
Read Only Memory

Question 43.
______________ is a Permanent Type memory.
Answer:
Read Only Memory

Question 44.
______________ cannot be overwritten by the computer.
Answer:
Read Only Memory

Question 45.
______________ is also called Non-Volatile Memory.
Answer:
Read Only Memory

Question 46.
______________ is an external memory of the computer.
Answer:
Secondary Memory

Question 47.
______________ is used to store the huge amount of different programs and information.
Answer:
Secondary Memory

Question 48.
______________ basically reproduce the data formatted by the computer for user’s benefit.
Answer:
Output Unit

Question 49.
______________ is a binary digit that holds only one of two values.
Answer:
Bit

Question 50.
A group of 4 bits is called a ______________
Answer:
Nibble

Question 51.
A group of 8 bits is called a ______________
Answer:
Byte

Question 52.
A ______________ is the smallest unit, which can represent a data item or a character.
Answer:
Byte

Question 53.
1 Byte is ______________
Answer:
8 Bits

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 54.
1 KiloByte (KB) is ______________
Answer:
1,024 Bytes

Question 55.
1 MegaByte (MB) is ______________
Answer:
1,024 KiloBytes

Question 56.
1 GigaByte (GB) is ______________
Answer:
1,024 MegaBytes

Question 57.
1 TeraByte (TB) is ______________
Answer:
1,024 GigaBytes

Question 58.
1 PetaByte (PB) is ______________
Answer:
1,024 TeraBytes

Question 59.
1 ExaByte (EB) is ______________
Answer:
1,024 PetaBytes

Question 60.
______________ comprises of the physical components that a computer system requires to function.
Answer:
Computer hardware

Question 61.
A set of instructions given to the computer is known as a ______________
Answer:
Program

Question 62.
Program or set of programs are called as ______________
Answer:
Software

Question 63.
______________ is a generic term used to describe computer programs.
Answer:
Software

Question 64.
______________ refers to the software which releases code in public domain for anyone to use.
Answer:
Open source software

Question 65.
Full form of FOSS ______________
Answer:
Free Open Source Software Policy

Question 66.
______________ and it enabled them to save some millions of rupees each year in licensing costs.
Answer:
Free Open Source Software Policy

Question 67.
In case of ______________, user has to purchase the software before using it.
Answer:
Closed Source Software

Question 68.
______________ is a program or group of programs designed for end users.
Answer:
Application Software

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 69.
______________ is also called end-user programs.
Answer:
Application Software

Question 70.
______________ is a set of instructions required for a computer to work.
Answer:
System Software

Question 71.
______________ is a program that allows different applications and various components of hardware.
Answer:
Linux Operating System

Question 72.
A computer would not be able to function correctly without an ______________
Answer:
Operating System

Question 73.
An ______________ is a software program that empowers the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software.
Answer:
Operating System

Question 74.
The ______________ boots up the computer and makes sure that everything is operational.
Answer:
Operating System

Question 75.
The ______________ is also what runs the cell phone and most of the electronic devices.
Answer:
Operating System

Question 76.
The ______________ usually come preloaded on any computer, tablet, laptop or cell phone that user buy.
Answer:
Operating System

Question 77.
Full form of DOS is ______________
Answer:
Disk Operating System

Question 78.
______________ is a series of operating systems that are designed by Microsoft.
Answer:
Windows

Question 79.
______________ is the most commonly used operating system.
Answer:
Windows

Question 80.
Apple Corporation’s registered operating system is called ______________
Answer:
Mac OS

Question 81.
______________ is an open-source operating system created by Google.
Answer:
Chrome OS

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 82.
______________ is an open-source, portable, multi- multiprogramming, operating system.
Answer:
Linux

Question 83.
______________ is a free and open-source operating system for mobile phones provided by Google.
Answer:
Android

Question 84.
______________ is used by Nokia phones. This is closed source OS.
Answer:
Asha

Question 85.
______________ is a closed source operating system for smartphone and tablet devices.
Answer:
Blackberry

Question 86.
______________ is Apple’s closed source operating system for Apple’s iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and second-generation Apple TVs.
Answer:
Iphone Operating System

Question 87.
______________ Phone is developed by Microsoft as a closed source operating system for mobile phones.
Answer:
Windows

Question 88.
______________ is used as the predominantly backbone of the Internet.
Answer:
Linux

Question 89.
______________ is one of the most popular GNU/Linux distribution.
Answer:
Ubuntu

Question 90.
Full form of GUI is ______________
Answer:
Graphical User Interface

Question 91.
Full form of CLI ______________
Answer:
Command Line Interface

Question 92.
The ______________ is when the user interacts with the computer using images, icons, and dialog boxes.
Answer:
Graphical User Interface

Question 93.
The ______________ option is used for quick search of the application.
Answer:
Search

Question 94.
The ______________ folder is where all the personal documents and settings are stored.
Answer:
Home

Question 95.
The ______________ is when user interacts with the computer using text.
Answer:
Command Line Interface

Question 96.
The ______________ are programs that are run when user types command name.
Answer:
Commands

Question 97.
______________ is Free and Open Source.
Answer:
Linux

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 98.
______________ Operating System is free from viruses.
Answer:
Linux

Question 99.
______________ Operating Systems can update themselves.
Answer:
Proprietary

Question 100.
______________ is a collection of software for a Linux distribution on the server.
Answer:
Repositories

Question 101.
The ______________ manager updates the operating system as well as other softwares periodically.
Answer:
Package

Question 102.
______________ is a group of interconnected computers or devices to have communication within themselves.
Answer:
Computer Network

Question 103.
A ______________ consists of a collection of computers, printers and other equipment that is connected together.
Answer:
Computer Network

Question 104.
Full form of LAN is ______________
Answer:
Local Area Network

Question 105.
Full form of MAN is ______________
Answer:
Metropolitan Area Network

Question 106.
Full form of WAN is ______________
Answer:
Wide Area Network

Question 107.
______________ type of network covers the smallest area.
Answer:
Local Area Network

Question 108.
______________ covers an area larger than LAN.
Answer:
Metropolitan Area Network

Question 109.
______________ type of network comprises the largest of all.
Answer:
Wide Area Network

Question 110.
In ______________ usage area is limited to areas such as an office building, home, hospital, schools, etc.
Answer:
Local Area Network

Question 111.
______________ covers a short distance, and so the error and noise are minimized.
Answer:
Local Area Network

Question 112.
______________ type of network is easy to setup.
Answer:
Local Area Network

Question 113.
In ______________ data transmits at a very fast rate as the number of computers linked are limited.
Answer:
Local Area Network

Question 114.
______________ is a less expensive hardware and maintenance cost is also low.
Answer:
Local Area Network

Question 115.
______________ connects two or more separate computers that reside in the same or different cities.
Answer:
Metropolitan Area Network

Question 116.
Full for of ISP is ______________
Answer:
Internet Service Provider

Question 117.
______________ covers a large geographical area and may serve as an ISP.
Answer:
Metropolitan Area Network

Question 118.
______________ type of network is hard to design and maintain.
Answer:
Metropolitan Area Network

Question 119.
______________ is a computer network that extends over a large geographical area.
Answer:
Wide Area Network

Question 120.
In ______________ type of network the technology is high speed and relatively expensive.
Answer:
Wide Area Network

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 121.
A Communication medium used for ______________ is Telephone Network or Satellite Link.
Answer:
Wide Area Network

Question 122.
______________ is the design of a computer network.
Answer:
Network Architecture

Question 123.
A ______________ network has no dedicated servers.
Answer:
Peer-to-Peer

Question 124.
______________ type of architecture is most suitable for larger network.
Answer:
Client-Server

Question 125.
A computer which is seeking any resource from another computer is a ______________ computer.
Answer:
Client

Question 126.
If a computer has a resource which is served to another computer, it is a ______________ computer.
Answer:
Server

Question 127.
______________ means connecting computer to any other computer anywhere in the world.
Answer:
Internet

Question 128.
The ______________ is generally defined as a global network connecting millions of computers.
Answer:
Internet

Question 129.
The ______________ is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure.
Answer:
Internet

Question 130.
With the help of the ______________, one can easily be in touch with anyone in the whole world by sending electronic mail, by chatting.
Answer:
Internet

Question 131.
It can be said that ______________ provides a very strong connection or network between computers globally.
Answer:
Internet

Question 132.
Full form of ARPANET is ______________
Answer:
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Question 133.
The first workable prototype of the internet came in the late 1960’s with the creation of ______________
Answer:
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Question 134.
______________ used packet switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a single network.
Answer:
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Question 135.
Full form of TCP/IP is ______________
Answer:
Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol

Question 136.
______________ communications model that set standards for how data could be transmitted between multiple networks.
Answer:
Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol

Question 137.
Full form of WWW is ______________
Answer:
World Wide Web

Question 138.
Tim Berners-Lee invented the ______________
Answer:
World Wide Web

Question 139.
A ______________ is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network.
Answer:
Protocol

Question 140.
______________ breaks down the message into packets and sends them out into the network.
Answer:
Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 141.
Full form of DNS is ______________
Answer:
Domain Name System

Question 142.
______________ translates network address into terms understood by humans and vice-versa.
Answer:
Domain Name System

Question 143.
DHCP stands for ______________
Answer:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Question 144.
______________ can automatically assign internet addresses to computers and users.
Answer:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Question 145.
FTP stands for ______________
Answer:
File Transfer Protocol

Question 146.
______________ is used to transfer and manipulate files on the internet.
Answer:
File Transfer Protocol

Question 147.
Full form of HTTP is ______________
Answer:
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Question 148.
______________ is an internet-based protocol for sending and receiving web pages.
Answer:
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Question 149.
Full form of IMAP is ______________
Answer:
Internet Message Access Protocol

Question 150.
______________ is used for receiving e-mail messages from server on the Internet.
Answer:
Internet Message Access Protocol

Question 151.
______________ maintains a copy of all the emails on server.
Answer:
Internet Message Access Protocol

Question 152.
Full form of IRC is ______________
Answer:
Internet Relay Chat

Question 153.
______________ facilitates communication in the form of text.
Answer:
Internet Relay Chat

Question 154.
POP3 stands for ______________
Answer:
Post Office Protocol Version 3

Question 155.
______________ is used for receiving e-mail from remote mail servers.
Answer:
Post Office Protocol Version 3

Question 156.
______________ is used for sending e-mail messages to the Server on the Internet.
Answer:
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Question 157.
Full form of ITES is ______________
Answer:
IT Enabled Services

Question 158.
IT Enabled Services (ITES), also called as ______________
Answer:
Web Enabled Services

Question 159.
______________ covers the entire amount of operations which exploit Information Technology for improving efficiency of an organization.
Answer:
IT Enabled Services

Question 160.
______________ can develop interactive websites using knowledge of HTML, PHP and various other programming languages.
Answer:
Web Designer

Question 161.
It is possible to have career as a ______________ with the scripting skills.
Answer:
Software Developer

Question 162.
After getting knowledge about Database management one can work as a ______________
Answer:
Database Manager

Question 163.
______________ are responsible for ensuring that networks are watertight.
Answer:
Information Security Analyst

Question 164.
______________ using computerized accounting software can successfully handle accounting work.
Answer:
Professional Accountant

Question 165.
______________ after getting IT knowledge one can advise and guide others in investing the money in various investment schemes.
Answer:
Financial Advisor

Question 166.
It is possible to become a successful ______________ using one’s own creation and innovation.
Answer:
Animator

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 167.
Perhaps one of the trendiest and most fun jobs in the sector, a ______________
Answer:
Games Developer

Question 168.
As a career opportunity, to become an ______________, one should be good in tools such as Kdenlive, Audacity.
Answer:
Audio/Video Editor

Question 169.
______________ is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable computing or IT.
Answer:
Green Computing

Question 170.
The goals of ______________ are similar to green chemistry.
Answer:
Green Computing

Question 171.
______________ is important for all classes of systems, ranging from handheld systems to largescale data centers.
Answer:
Green Computing

Question 172.
Full form of IOT is ______________
Answer:
Internet of Things

Question 173.
The ______________ is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity.
Answer:
Internet of Things

Question 174.
______________ is the delivery of computing services over the internet.
Answer:
Cloud Computing

Question 175.
______________ is the process of examining data sets in order to draw conclusions about the information.
Answer:
Data Analytics

Question 176.
______________ technologies and techniques are widely used in commercial industries to enable organizations to make more-informed business decisions.
Answer:
Data Analytics

Question 177.
______________ is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and other animals.
Answer:
Artificial Intelligence

Question 178.
Computer science defines ______________ research as the study of “intelligent agents”.
Answer:
Artificial Intelligence

Question 179.
______________ is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to effectively perform a specific task.
Answer:
Machine Learning

Question 180.
______________ refers to data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data-processing application software.
Answer:
Big Data

Question 181.
______________ is a growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked using cryptography.
Answer:
Blockchain

2. True or False.

Question 1.
Information Technology encompasses all of the technologies that we use in order to create, collect, process, protect and store information.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Programmers refer to hardware, software (computer programs), and computer networks.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
The full form of ICT is Information and Communication Technology:
Answer:
True

Question 4.
The Computer Science concept involves the transfer and use of all kinds of information.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Information and Communication Technology is the foundation of the economy and a driving force of social changes in the 21st century.
Answer:
True

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 6.
Data can be any character, text, word, number, or raw facts.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
The virus is data formatted in a manner that allows it to be utilized by human beings in some significant way.
Answer:
False

Question 8.
The word Computer is derived from the Latin word Komptom.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
An electronic device that accepts input from the user, processes it according to the instructions given to it, and gives the required result in the form of output, is a Typewriter.
Answer:
False

Question 10.
A computer can process data, images, audio, video, and graphics.
Answer:
True

Question 11.
Computer accepts data or instructions by way of input.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
Computer stores data.
Answer:
True

Question 13.
The computer can process data as required by the user.
Answer:
True

Question 14.
The computer gives results in the form of output.
Answer:
True

Question 15.
Machine controls all operations inside a computer.
Answer:
False

Question 16.
Computer Architecture is a specification detailing how a set of software and hardware technology standards interact to form a computer system.
Answer:
True

Question 17.
Website refers to how a computer system is designed and how it works.
Answer:
False

Question 18.
Storage Unit helps users to enter data and commands into a computer system.
Answer:
False

Question 19.
The main function of hardware devices is to direct commands and data into computers.
Answer:
False

Question 20.
The keyboard is an input device that enters numbers and characters.
Answer:
True

Question 21.
A Mouse can be an input device for entering directions and commands.
Answer:
True

Question 22.
The full form of CPU is Central Processing Unit.
Answer:
True

Question 23.
After receiving data and commands from users, a computer system has to process it according to the instructions provided. Here, it has to rely on a component called the Arithmetic and Logic Unit.
Answer:
False

Question 24.
The Central Processing Unit further uses these three elements Arithmetic and Logic Unit, Control Unit, and Memory Unit.
Answer:
True

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 25.
The full form of ALU is the Arithmetic and Logic Unit.
Answer:
True

Question 26.
The Control Unit part of the CPU performs arithmetic operations.
Answer:
False

Question 27.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit can even perform logical functions like the comparison of data.
Answer:
True

Question 28.
The arithmetic and Logic Unit is the backbone of computers.
Answer:
False

Question 29.
The Control unit is responsible for coordinating tasks between all components of a computer system.
Answer:
True

Question 30.
The Control Unit collects data from input units and sends it to processing units depending on its nature.
Answer:
True

Question 31.
Control Unit transmits processed data to output units to facilitate users.
Answer:
True

Question 32.
Once a user enters data using input devices, the computer system stores this data in its Control Unit.
Answer:
False

Question 33.
The memory unit uses a set of pre-programmed instructions to further transmit this data to other parts of the CPU.
Answer:
True

Question 34.
Secondary Memory is the internal memory of the computer.
Answer:
False

Question 35.
Secondary Memory is also known as main memory.
Answer:
False

Question 36.
Secondary Memory holds the data and instructions on which computer is currently working.
Answer:
False

Question 37.
RAM stands for Random Access Memory.
Answer:
True

Question 38.
Random Access Memory is known as reading/write memory.
Answer:
True

Question 39.
Random Access Memory is generally referred to as the main memory of the computer system.
Answer:
True

Question 40.
Random Access Memory is a temporary memory.
Answer:
True

Question 41.
Read-Only Memory is also called Volatile Memory.
Answer:
False

Question 42.
ROM stands for Read-Only Memory.
Answer:
True

Question 43.
Random Access Memory is a Permanent Type of memory.
Answer:
False

Question 44.
Random Access Memory cannot be overwritten by the computer.
Answer:
False

Question 45.
Random Access Memory is also called Non-Volatile Memory.
Answer:
False

Question 46.
Secondary Memory is an external memory of the computer.
Answer:
True

Question 47.
Secondary Memory is used to store a huge amount of different programs and information.
Answer:
True

Question 48.
Does the input Unit basically reproduce the data formatted by the computer for the user’s benefit?
Answer:
False

Question 49.
A bit is a binary digit that holds only one of two values.
Answer:
True

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 50.
A group of 4 bits is called a Nibble.
Answer:
True

Question 51.
A group of 8 bits is called a Kilobyte.
Answer:
False

Question 52.
A Byte is the smallest unit, which can represent a data item or a character.
Answer:
True

Question 53.
1 Byte is 8 Bits.
Answer:
True

Question 54.
1 KiloByte (KB) is 1,024 Bytes.
Answer:
True

Question 55.
1 MegaByte (MB) is 1 Terabyte.
Answer:
False

Question 56.
1 GigaByte (GB) is 1024 bites.
Answer:
False

Question 57.
1 TeraByte (TB) is 1,024 GigaBytes.
Answer:
True

Question 58.
1 PetaByte (PB) is 1,024 TeraBytes.
Answer:
True

Question 59.
1 ExaByte (EB) is 1024 Megabytes.
Answer:
False

Question 60.
The program comprises the physical components that a computer system requires to function.
Answer:
False

Question 61.
A set of instructions given to the computer is known as hardware.
Answer:
False

Question 62.
Program or set of programs are called Hardware.
Answer:
False

Question 63.
Hardware is a generic term used to describe computer programs.
Answer:
False

Question 64.
Open-source software refers to the software which releases code in the public domain for anyone to use.
Answer:
True

Question 65.
Full form of FOSS Free Open Source Software Policy.
Answer:
True

Question 66.
Free Open Source Software Policy and it enabled them to save some millions of rupees each year in licensing costs.
Answer:
True

Question 67.
In the case of Closed source software, a user has to purchase the software before using it.
Answer:
True

Question 68.
The machine is a program or group of programs designed for end-users.
Answer:
False

Question 69.
Hardware is also called end-user programs.
Answer:
False

Question 70.
Pen Drive is a set of instructions required for a computer to work.
Answer:
False

Question 71.
Linux Operating system is a program that allows different applications and various components of the hardware.
Answer:
True

Question 72.
A computer would not be able to function correctly without an operating system.
Answer:
True

Question 73.
An operating system is a software program that empowers the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software.
Answer:
True

Question 74.
The operating system boots up the computer and makes sure that everything is operational.
Answer:
True

Question 75.
The operating system is also what runs the cell phone and most electronic devices.
Answer:
True

Question 76.
The operating systems usually come preloaded on any computer, tablet, laptop, or cell phone that the user buys.
Answer:
True

Question 77.
The full form of DOS is Disk Operating System.
Answer:
True

Question 78.
Linux is a series of operating systems that are designed by Microsoft.
Answer:
False

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 79.
Windows is the most commonly used operating system.
Answer:
True

Question 80.
Apple Corporation’s registered operating system is called Mac OS.
Answer:
True

Question 81.
Chrome OS is an open-source operating system created by Google.
Answer:
True

Question 82.
Linux is an open-source, portable, multi-multiprogramming, operating system.
Answer:
True

Question 83.
Asha is a free and open-source operating system for mobile phones provided by Google.
Answer:
False

Question 84.
Android is used by Nokia phones. This is a closed source OS.
Answer:
False

Question 85.
Blackberry is a closed source operating system for smartphone and tablet devices.
Answer:
True

Question 86.
Windows is Apple’s closed source operating system for Apple’s iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, and second-generation Apple TVs.
Answer:
False

Question 87.
IOS Phone is developed by Microsoft as a closed source operating system for mobile phones.
Answer:
False

Question 88.
Linux is used as the predominant backbone of the Internet.
Answer:
True

Question 89.
Ubuntu is one of the most popular GNU/Linux distributions.
Answer:
True

Question 90.
The full form of GUI is Graphical User Interface.
Answer:
True

Question 91.
Full form of CLI Command Line Interface.
Answer:
True

Question 92.
The graphical user interface is when the user interacts with the computer using images, icons, and dialog boxes.
Answer:
True

Question 93.
The Home option is used for a quick search of the application.
Answer:
False

Question 94.
The Search folder is where all the personal documents and settings are stored.
Answer:
False

Question 95.
The Command is when the user interacts with the computer using text.
Answer:
False

Question 96.
The command-line interface is programs that are run when a user types the command name.
Answer:
False

Question 97.
Proprietary is Free and Open Source.
Answer:
False

Question 98.
Linux Operating System is free from viruses.
Answer:
True

Question 99.
Repositories Operating Systems can update themselves.
Answer:
False

Question 100.
The repository is a collection of software for a Linux distribution on the server.
Answer:
True

Question 101.
The Package manager updates the operating system as well as other software periodically.
Answer:
True

Question 102.
Local Area Network is a group of interconnected computers or devices to have communication within themselves.
Answer:
False

Question 103.
A Metropolitan Area Network consists of a collection of computers, printers, and other equipment that is connected together.
Answer:
False

Question 104.
The full form of LAN is the Local Area Network.
Answer:
True

Question 105.
The full form of MAN is Metropolitan Area Network.
Answer:
True

Question 106.
The full form of WAN is a Wide Area Network.
Answer:
True

Question 107.
Wide Area Network type of network covers the smallest area.
Answer:
False

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 108.
Metropolitan Area Network covers an area larger than LAN.
Answer:
True

Question 109.
Local Area Network type of network comprises the largest of all.
Answer:
False

Question 110.
In Local Area Network, usage area is limited to areas such as an office building, home, hospital, schools, etc.
Answer:
True

Question 111.
Metropolitan Area Network covers a short distance, and so the error and noise are minimized.
Answer:
False

Question 112.
Local Area Network type of network is easy to set up.
Answer:
True

Question 113.
In Local Area Network data transmits at a very fast rate as the number of computers linked is limited.
Answer:
True

Question 114.
Local Area Network is less expensive hardware and maintenance cost is also low.
Answer:
True

Question 115.
Metropolitan Area Network connects two or more separate computers that reside in the same or different cities.
Answer:
True

Question 116.
Full for of ISP is Internet Service Provider.
Answer:
True

Question 117.
Metropolitan Area Network covers a large geographical area and may serve as an ISP.
Answer:
True

Question 118.
Metropolitan Area Network type of network is hard to design and maintain.3
Answer:
True

Question 119.
A Wide Area Network is a computer network that extends over a large geographical area.
Answer:
True

Question 120.
In the Wide Area Network type of network, the technology is high speed and relatively expensive.
Answer:
True

Question 121.
A Communication medium used for Wide Area networks is Telephone networks or Satellite Link.
Answer:
True

Question 122.
Client-Server is the design of a computer network.
Answer:
False

Question 123.
A Peer-to-Peer network has no dedicated servers.
Answer:
True

Question 124.
Client-Server type of architecture is most suitable for larger networks.
Answer:
True

Question 125.
A computer that is seeking any resource from another computer is a Client computer.
Answer:
False

Question 126.
If a computer has a resource that is served to another computer, it is a client computer.
Answer:
False

Question 127.
Memory means connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world.
Answer:
False

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 128.
The Internet is generally defined as a global network connecting millions of computers.
Answer:
True

Question 129.
The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure.
Answer:
True

Question 130.
With the help of the Internet, one can easily be in touch with anyone in the whole world by sending electronic mail, by chatting.
Answer:
True

Question 131.
It can be said that services provide a very strong connection or network between computers globally.
Answer:
False

Question 132.
The full form of ARPANET is Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
Answer:
True

Question 133.
The first workable prototype of the internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of HTML.
Answer:
False

Question 134.
Packets used packet switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a single network.
Answer:
False

Question 135.
The full form of TCP/IP is Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol.
Answer:
True

Question 136.
HTML communications model that set standards for how data could be transmitted between multiple networks.
Answer:
False

Question 137.
The full form of WWW is World Wide Web.
Answer:
True

Question 138.
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.
Answer:
True

Question 139.
A DNS is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network. Protocol.
Answer:
False

Question 140.
Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol breaks down the message into packets and sends them out into the network.
Answer:
True

Question 141.
The full form of DNS is Domain Name System.
Answer:
True

Question 142.
Protocol translates network address into terms understood by humans and vice-versa.
Answer:
False

Question 143.
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
Answer:
True

Question 144.
DNS can automatically assign internet addresses to computers and users.
Answer:
False

Question 145.
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.
Answer:
True

Question 146.
HTTP is used to transfer and manipulate files on the internet.
Answer:
False

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 147.
The full form of HTTP is HyperText Transfer Protocol.
Answer:
True

Question 148.
HyperText Transfer Protocol is an internet-based protocol for sending and receiving web pages.
Answer:
True

Question 149.
The full form of IMAP is Internet Message Access Protocol.
Answer:
True

Question 150.
FTP is used for receiving e-mail messages from servers on the Internet.
Answer:
False

Question 151.
HTTP maintains a copy of all the emails on the server.
Answer:
False

Question 152.
The full form of IRC is Internet Relay Chat.
Answer:
True

Question 153.
FTP facilitates communication in the form of text.
Answer:
False

Question 154.
POP3 stands for Post Office Protocol Version 3.
Answer:
True

Question 155.
Post Office Protocol Version 3 is used for receiving e-mail from remote mail servers.
Answer:
True

Question 156.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used for sending e-mail messages to the Server on the Internet.
Answer:
True

Question 157.
The full form of ITES is IT Enabled Services.
Answer:
True

Question 158.
IT Enabled Services (ITES), also called as Information Technology.
Answer:
False

Question 159.
IT Enabled Services covers the entire amount of operations that exploit Information Technology for improving the efficiency of an organization.
Answer:
True

Question 160.
Database Manager can develop interactive websites using knowledge of HTML, PHP, and various other programming languages.
Answer:
False

Question 161.
It is possible to have a career as a Financial Advisor with scripting skills.
Answer:
False

Question 162.
After getting knowledge about Database management one can work as a Web Designer.
Answer:
False

Question 163.
Professional Accountant is responsible for ensuring that networks are watertight.
Answer:
False

Question 164.
Information Security Analyst using computerized accounting software can successfully handle accounting work.
Answer:
False

Question 165.
Software developers after getting IT knowledge one can advise and guide others in investing the money in various investment schemes.
Answer:
False

Question 166.
It is possible to become a successful Animator using one’s own creation and innovation.
Answer:
True

Question 167.
Perhaps one of the trendiest and most fun jobs in the sector, a games developer.
Answer:
True

Question 168.
As a career opportunity, to become an Audio/Video Editor, one should be good at tools such as Kdenlive, Audacity.
Answer:
True

Question 169.
Internet of Things is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable computing or IT.
Answer:
False

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 170.
The goals of Cloud Computing are similar to green chemistry.
Answer:
False

Question 171.
Green computing is important for all classes of systems, ranging from handheld systems to large-scale data centers.
Answer:
True

Question 172.
The full form of IoT is the Internet of Things.
Answer:
True

Question 173.
Data Analytics is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity.
Answer:
False

Question 174.
Artificial Intelligence is the delivery of computing services over the internet.
Answer:
False

Question 175.
Machine Learning is the process of examining data sets in order to draw conclusions about the information.
Answer:
False

Question 176.
Data analytics technologies and techniques are widely used in commercial industries to enable organizations to make more informed business decisions.
Answer:
True

Question 177.
Artificial Intelligence is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and other animals.
Answer:
True

Question 178.
Computer science defines Blockchain research as the study of “intelligent agents”.
Answer:
False

Question 179.
Machine Learning is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to effectively perform a specific task.
Answer:
True

Question 180.
Big Data refers to data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data-processing application software.
Answer:
True

Question 181.
Blockchain is a growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked using cryptography.
Answer:
True

3. Multiple Choice Question (Single Choice)

Question 1.
______________ encompasses all of the technologies that we use in order to create, collect, process, protect and store information.
(A) Information Technology
(B) Hardware
(C) Software
(D) System
Answer:
(A) Information Technology

Question 2.
______________ refers to hardware, software (computer programs), and computer networks.
(A) Hardware
(B) Software
(C) Information Technology
(D) Computer Programs
Answer:
(C) Information Technology

Question 3.
Full form of ICT is ______________
(A) Information and Computer Technology
(B) Internet and Communication Technology
(C) Information and Communication Technology
(D) Information and Carrier Technology
Answer:
(C) Information and Communication Technology

Question 4.
______________ concept involves transfer and use of all kinds of information.
(A) Information and Computer Technology
(B) Internet and Communication Technology
(C) Information and Communication Technology
(D) Information and Carrier Technology
Answer:
(C) Information and Communication Technology

Question 5.
______________ is the foundation of economy and a driving force of social changes in the 21st century.
(A) Information and Computer Technology
(B) Internet and Communication Technology
(C) Information and Communication Technology
(D) Information and Carrier Technology
Answer:
(C) Information and Communication Technology

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 6.
______________ can be any character, text, word, number or raw facts.
(A) Character
(B) Data
(C) Text
(D) Facts
Answer:
(B) Data

Question 7.
______________ is data formatted in a manner that allows it to be utilized by human beings in some significant way
(A) Information
(B) Information Technology
(C) System
(D) Programming
Answer:
(A) Information

Question 8.
The word Computer is derived from a Latin word ______________
(A) Computare
(B) Audio
(C) Video
(D) Graphics
Answer:
(A) Computare

Question 9.
An electronic device that accepts input from the user, processes it according to the instructions given to it, and gives the required result in the form of output, is a ______________
(A) Audio
(B) Video
(C) Graphics
(D) Computer
Answer:
(D) Computer

Question 10.
A ______________ can process data, images, audio, video and graphics.
(A) Audio
(B) Video
(C) Graphics
(D) Computer
Answer:
(D) Computer

Question 11.
______________ accepts data or instructions by way of input.
(A) Audio
(B) Video
(C) Graphics
(D) Computer
Answer:
(D) Computer

Question 12.
______________ stores data.
(A) Audio
(B) Video
(C) Graphics
(D) Computer
Answer:
(D) Computer

Question 13.
______________ can process data as required by the user.
(A) Audio
(B) Video
(C) Graphics
(D) Computer
Answer:
(D) Computer

Question 14.
______________ gives results in the form of output.
(A) Audio
(B) Video
(C) Graphics
(D) Computer
Answer:
(D) Computer

Question 15.
______________ controls all operations inside a computer.
(A) Audio
(B) Video
(C) Graphics
(D) Computer
Answer:
(D) Computer

Question 16.
______________ is a specification detailing of how a set of software and hardware technology standards interact to form a computer system.
(A) Computer Architecture
(B) Hardware
(C) Software
(D) System
Answer:
(A) Computer Architecture

Question 17.
______________ refers to how a computer system is designed and how it works.
(A) Computer Architecture
(B) Hardware
(C) Software
(D) System
Answer:
(A) Computer Architecture

Question 18.
______________ helps users to enter data and commands into a computer system.
(A) Keyboard
(B) Mouse
(C) Input Unit
(D) Input
Answer:
(C) Input Unit

Question 19.
The main function of ______________ devices is to direct commands and data into computer.
(A) Keyboard
(B) Mouse
(C) Input Unit
(D) Input
Answer:
(D) Input

Question 20.
______________ is an input device that enters numbers and characters.
(A) Keyboard
(B) Mouse
(C) Input Unit
(D) Input
Answer:
(A) Keyboard

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 21.
A ______________ can be an input device for entering directions and commands.
(A) Keyboard
(B) Mouse
(C) Input Unit
(D) Input
Answer:
(B) Mouse

Question 22.
Full full for CPU is ______________
(A) Central Processing Unit
(B) Computer Processing Unit
(C) Central Programmer Unit
(D) Computer Programmer Unit
Answer:
(A) Central Processing Unit

Question 23.
After receiving data and commands from users, a computer system has to process it according to the instructions provided. Here, it has to rely on a component called the ______________
(A) Central Processing Unit
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(C) Control Unit
(D) Memory Unit
Answer:
(A) Central Processing Unit

Question 24.
The ______________ further uses these three elements Arithmetic and Logic Unit, Control Unit and Memory Unit.
(A) Central Processing Unit
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(C) Control Unit
(D) Memory unit
Answer:
(A) Central Processing Unit

Question 25.
Full form of ALU is ______________
(A) Asian Learning Unit
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(C) Arithmetic Learning Unit
(D) Arithmetic Lesson unit
Answer:
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit

Question 26.
______________ part of the CPU performs arithmetic operations.
(A) Central Processing Unit
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(C) Control Unit
(D) Memory unit
Answer:
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit

Question 27.
______________ can even perform logical functions like the comparison of data.
(A) Central Processing Unit
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(C) Control Unit
(D) Memory unit
Answer:
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit

Question 28.
______________ is the backbone of computers.
(A) Central Processing Unit
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(C) Control Unit
(D) Memory Unit
Answer:
(C) Control Unit

Question 29.
______________ responsible for coordinating tasks between all components of a computer system.
(A) Central Processing Unit
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(C) Control Unit
(D) Memory unit
Answer:
(C) Control Unit

Question 30.
The ______________ collects data from input units and sends it to processing units depending on its nature.
(A) Central Processing Unit
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(C) Control Unit
(D) Memory Unit
Answer:
(C) Control Unit

Question 31.
______________ transmits processed data to output units to facilitate users.
(A) Central Processing Unit
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(C) Control Unit
(D) Memory Unit
Answer:
(C) Control Unit

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 32.
Once a user enters data using input devices, the computer system stores this data in its ______________
(A) Central Processing Unit
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(C) Control Unit
(D) Memory unit
Answer:
(D) Memory Unit

Question 33.
The ______________ uses a set of pre-programmed instructions to further transmit this data to other parts of the CPU.
(A) Central Processing Unit
(B) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(C) Control Unit
(D) Memory Unit
Answer:
(D) Memory Unit

Question 34.
______________ is internal memory of the computer.
(A) Primary memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Read-Only Memory
(D) Secondary Memory
Answer:
(A) Primary memory

Question 35.
______________ is also known as main memory.
(A) Primary memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Read-Only Memory
(D) Secondary Memory
Answer:
(A) Primary memory

Question 36.
______________ holds the data and instruction on which computer is currently working.
(A) Primary memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Read-Only Memory
(D) Secondary Memory
Answer:
(A) Primary Memory

Question 37.
RAM stands for ______________
(A) Random Access Memory
(B) Read Access Memory
(C) Ram Access Memory
(D) Random Access Machine
Answer:
(A) Random Access Memory

Question 38.
______________ is known as read/write memory.
(A) Primary memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Read-Only Memory
(D) Secondary Memory
Answer:
(B) Random Access Memory

Question 39.
______________ is generally referred to as main memory of the computer system.
(A) Primary memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Read-Only Memory
(D) Secondary Memory
Answer:
(B) Random Access Memory

Question 40.
______________ is a temporary memory.
(A) Primary memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Read-Only Memory
(D) Secondary Memory
Answer:
(B) Random Access Memory

Question 41.
______________ is also called as Volatile Memory.
(A) Primary memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Read-Only Memory
(D) Secondary Memory
Answer:
(B) Random Access Memory

Question 42.
ROM stands for ______________
(A) Read-Only Memory
(B) Read Only Machine
(C) Rom Only Memory
(D) Ram Only Memory
Answer:
(A) Read-Only Memory

Question 43.
______________ is a Permanent Type memory.
(A) Primary memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Read-Only Memory
(D) Secondary Memory
Answer:
(C) Read-Only Memory

Question 44.
______________ cannot be overwritten by the computer.
(A) Primary memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Read-Only Memory
(D) Secondary Memory
Answer:
(C) Read-Only Memory

Question 45.
______________ is also called Non-Volatile Memory.
(A) Primary memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Read-Only Memory
(D) Secondary Memory
Answer:
(C) Read-Only Memory

Question 46.
______________ is an external memory of the computer.
(A) Primary memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Read-Only Memory
(D) Secondary Memory
Answer:
(D) Secondary Memory

Question 47.
______________ is used to store the huge amount of different programs and information.
(A) Primary memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Read-Only Memory
(D) Secondary Memory
Answer:
(D) Secondary Memory

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 48.
______________ basically reproduce the data formatted by the computer for user’s benefit.
(A) Output unit
(B) Bit
(C) Nibble
(D) Byte
Answer:
(A) Output unit

Question 49.
______________ is a binary digit that holds only one of two values.
(A) Output unit
(B) Bit
(C) Nibble
(D) Byte
Answer:
(B) Bit

Question 50.
A group of 4 bits is called a ______________
(A) Output unit
(B) Bit
(C) Nibble
(D) Byte
Answer:
(C) Nibble

Question 51.
A group of 8 bits is called a ______________
(A) Output unit
(B) Bit
(C) Nibble
(D) Byte
Answer:
(D) Byte

Question 52.
A ______________ is the smallest unit, which can represent a data item or a character.
(A) Output unit
(B) Bit
(C) Nibble
(D) Byte
Answer:
(D) Byte

Question 53.
1 Byte is ______________
(A) 8 Bits
(B) 1,024 Bytes
(C) 1,024 KiloBytes
(D) 1,024 MegaBytes
Answer:
(A) 8 Bits

Question 54.
1 KiloByte (KB) is ______________
(A) 8 Bits
(B) 1,024 Bytes
(C) 1,024 KiloBytes
(D) 1,024 MegaBytes
Answer:
(B) 1,024 Bytes

Question 55.
1 MegaByte (MB) is ______________
(A) 8 Bits
(B) 1,024 Bytes
(C) 1,024 KiloBytes
(D) 1,024 MegaBytes
Answer:
(C) 1,024 KiloBytes

Question 56.
1 GigaByte (GB) is ______________
(A) 8 Bits
(B) 1,024 Bytes
(C) 1,024 KiloBytes
(D) 1,024 MegaBytes
Answer:
(D) 1,024 MegaBytes

Question 57.
1 TeraByte (TB) is ______________
(A) 1,024 GigaBytes
(B) 1,024 TeraBytes
(C) 1,024 PetaBytes
(D) MegaBytes
Answer:
(A) 1,024 GigaBytes

Question 58.
1 PetaByte (PB) is ______________
(A) 1,024 GigaBytes
(B) 1,024 TeraBytes
(C) 1,024 PetaBytes
(D) MegaBytes
Answer:
(B) 1,024 TeraBytes

Question 59.
1 ExaByte (EB) is ______________
(A) 1,024 GigaBytes
(B) 1,024 TeraBytes
(C) 1,024 PetaBytes
(D) MegaBytes
Answer:
(C) 1,024 PetaBytes

Question 60.
______________ comprises of the physical components that a computer system requires to function.
(A) Computer hardware
(B) Program
(C) Software
(D) Open source software
Answer:
(A) Computer hardware

Question 61.
A set of instructions given to the computer is known as a ______________
(A) Computer hardware
(B) Program
(C) Software
(D) Open source software
Answer:
(B) Program

Question 62.
Program or set of programs are called as ______________
(A) Computer hardware
(B) Program
(C) Software
(D) Open source software
Answer:
(C) Software

Question 63.
______________ is a generic term used to describe computer programs.
(A) Computer hardware
(B) Program
(C) Software
(D) Open source software
Answer:
(C) Software

Question 64.
______________ refers to the software which releases code in public domain for anyone to use.
(A) Computer hardware
(B) Program
(C) Software
(D) Open source software
Answer:
(D) Open source software

Question 65.
Full form of FOSS ______________
(A) Free Open Source Software Policy
(B) Free Open System Source Policy
(C) Free Open Source System Policy
(D) First Open Source Software Policy
Answer:
(A) Free Open Source Software Policy

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 66.
______________ and it enabled them to save some millions of rupees each year in licensing costs.
(A) Free Open Source Software Policy
(B) Free Open System Source Policy
(C) Free Open Source System Policy
(D) First Open Source Software Policy
Answer:
(A) Free Open Source Software Policy

Question 67.
In case of ______________, user has to purchase the software before using it.
(A) Free Open Source Software Policy
(B) Free Open System Source Policy
(C) Free Open Source System Policy
(D) Closed Source Software
Answer:
(D) Closed Source Software

Question 68.
______________ is a program or group of programs designed for end-users.
(A) Application Software
(B) System Software
(C) Linux Operating system
(D) Operating system
Answer:
(A) Application Software

Question 69.
______________ is also called end-user programs.
(A) Application Software
(B) System Software
(C) Linux Operating system
(D) Operating system
Answer:
(A) Application Software

Question 70.
______________ is a set of instructions required for a computer to work.
(A) Application Software
(B) System Software
(C) Linux Operating system
(D) Operating system
Answer:
(B) System Software

Question 71.
______________ is a program that allows different applications and various components of hardware.
(A) Application Software
(B) System Software
(C) Linux Operating System
(D) Operating system
Answer:
(C) Linux Operating System

Question 72.
A computer would not be able to function correctly without an ______________
(A) Application Software
(B) System Software
(C) Linux Operating System
(D) Operating System
Answer:
(D) Operating System

Question 73.
An ______________ is a software program that empowers the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software.
(A) Application Software
(B) System Software
(C) Linux Operating System
(D) Operating System
Answer:
(D) Operating System

Question 74.
The ______________ boots up the computer and makes sure that everything is operational.
(A) Application Software
(B) System Software
(C) Linux Operating System
(D) Operating System
Answer:
(D) Operating System

Question 75.
The ______________ is also what runs the cell phone and most of the electronic devices.
(A) Application Software
(B) System Software
(C) Linux Operating system
(D) Operating System
Answer:
(D) Operating System

Question 76.
The ______________ usually come preloaded on any computer, tablet, laptop or cell phone that user buy.
(A) Application Software
(B) System Software
(C) Linux Operating System
(D) Operating System
Answer:
(D) Operating System

Question 77.
Full form of DOS is ______________
(A) Disk Operating System
(B) Disk Open System
(C) Dynamic Operating System
(D) Dynamic Open System
Answer:
(A) Disk Operating System

Question 78.
______________ is a series of operating systems that are designed by Microsoft.
(A) Windows
(B) Mac OS
(C) Chrome OS
(D) Linux
Answer:
(A) Windows

Question 79.
______________ is the most commonly used operating system.
(A) Windows
(B) Mac OS
(C) Chrome OS
(D) Linux
Answer:
(A) Windows

Question 80.
Apple Corporation’s registered operating system is called ______________
(A) Windows
(B) Mac OS
(C) Chrome OS
(D) Linux
Answer:
(B) Mac OS

Question 81.
______________ is an open-source operating system created by Google.
(A) Windows
(B) Mac OS
(C) Chrome OS
(D) Linux
Answer:
(C) Chrome OS

Question 82.
______________ is an open-source, portable, multi-multiprogramming, operating system.
(A) Windows
(B) Mac OS
(C) Chrome OS
(D) Linux
Answer:
(D) Linux

Question 83.
______________ is a free and open source operating system for mobile phones provided by Google.
(A) Android
(B) Asha
(C) Blackberry
(D) IOS
Answer:
(A) Android

Question 84.
______________ is used by Nokia phones. This is closed source OS.
(A) Android
(B) Asha
(C) Blackberry
(D) IOS
Answer:
(B) Asha

Question 85.
______________ is a closed source operating system for smartphone and tablet devices.
(A) Android
(B) Asha
(C) Blackberry
(D) IOS
Answer:
(C) Blackberry

Question 86.
______________ is Apple’s closed source operating system for Apple’s iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and second-generation Apple TVs.
(A) Android
(B) Asha
(C) Blackberry
(D) iPhone Operating System
Answer:
(D) Iphone Operating System

Question 87.
______________ Phone is developed by Microsoft as a closed source operating system for mobile phones.
(A) Windows
(B) Android
(C) Linux
(D) Ubuntu
Answer:
(A) Windows

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 88.
______________ is used as the predominantly backbone of the Internet.
(A) Windows
(B) Android
(C) Linux
(D) Ubuntu
Answer:
(C) Linux

Question 89.
______________ is one of the most popular GNU/Linux distribution.
(A) Windows
(B) Android
(C) Linux
(D) Ubuntu
Answer:
(D) Ubuntu

Question 90.
Full form of GUI is ______________
(A) Graphical User Interface
(B) Graphic Using Internet
(C) Game Using Internet
(D) Game User Internet
Answer:
(A) Graphical User Interface

Question 91.
Full form of CLI ______________
(A) Command Line Internet
(B) Command Line Interface
(C) Central Line Interface
(D) Computer Line Interface
Answer:
(B) Command Line Interface

Question 92.
The ______________ is when the user interacts with the computer using images, icons, and dialog boxes.
(A) Graphical User Interface
(B) Command Line Interface
(C) Search
(D) Home
Answer:
(A) Graphical User Interface

Question 93.
The ______________ option is used for quick search of the application.
(A) Graphical User Interface
(B) Command Line Interface
(C) Search
(D) Home
Answer:
(C) Search

Question 94.
The ______________ folder is where all the personal documents and settings are stored.
(A) Graphical User Interface
(B) Command Line Interface
(C) Search
(D) Home
Answer:
(D) Home

Question 95.
The ______________ is when user interacts with the computer using text.
(A) Graphical User Interface
(B) Command Line Interface
(C) Search
(D) Home
Answer:
(B) Command Line Interface

Question 96.
The ______________ are programs that are run when user types command name.
(A) Commands
(B) Graphical User Interface
(C) Search
(D) Home
Answer:
(A) Commands

Question 97.
______________ is Free and Open Source.
(A) Linux
(B) Proprietary
(C) Repositories
(D) Package
Answer:
(A) Linux

Question 98.
______________ Operating System is free from viruses.
(A) Linux
(B) Proprietary
(C) Repositories
(D) Package
Answer:
(A) Linux

Question 99.
______________ Operating Systems can update themselves.
(A) Linux
(B) Proprietary
(C) Repositories
(D) Package
Answer:
(B) Proprietary

Question 100.
______________ is a collection of software for a Linux distribution on the server.
(A) Linux
(B) Proprietary
(C) Repositories
(D) Package
Answer:
(C) Repositories

Question 101.
The ______________ manager updates the operating system as well as other softwares periodically.
(A) Linux
(B) Proprietary
(C) Repositories
(D) Package
Answer:
(D) Package

Question 102.
______________ is a group of interconnected computers or devices to have communication within themselves.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(A) Computer Network

Question 103.
A ______________ consists of a collection of computers, printers and other equipment that is connected together.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(A) Computer Network

Question 104.
Full form of LAN is ______________
(A) Local Area Network
(B) Local Access Network
(C) Live Area Network
(D) Live Access Network
Answer:
(A) Local Area Network

Question 105.
Full form of MAN is ______________
(A) Metropolitan Area Network
(B) Metropolitan Access network
(C) Mobile Area Network
(D) Mobile Access Network
Answer:
(A) Metropolitan Area Network

Question 106.
Full form of WAN is ______________
(A) Wide Area Network
(B) World Area Network
(C) Wonder Area Network
(D) Wide Access Network
Answer:
(A) Wide Area Network

Question 107.
______________ type of network covers the smallest area.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(B) Local Area Network

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 108.
______________ covers an area larger than LAN.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(D) Metropolitan Area Network

Question 109.
______________ type of network comprises the largest of all.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(C) Wide Area Network

Question 110.
In ______________ usage area is limited to areas such as an office building, home, hospital, schools, etc.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(B) Local Area Network

Question 111.
______________ covers a short distance, and so the error and noise are minimized.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(B) Local Area Network

Question 112.
______________ type of network is easy to setup.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(B) Local Area Network

Question 113.
In ______________ data transmits at a very fast rate as the number of computers linked are limited.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(B) Local Area Network

Question 114.
______________ is a less expensive hardware and maintenance cost is also low.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(B) Local Area Network

Question 115.
______________ connects two or more separate computers that reside in the same or different cities.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(D) Metropolitan Area Network

Question 116.
Full for of ISP is ______________
(A) Internet Service Provider
(B) International Service Provider
(C) Indian Server Provider
(D) Internet Server Provider
Answer:
(A) Internet Service Provider

Question 117.
______________ covers a large geographical area and may serve as an ISP.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(D) Metropolitan Area Network

Question 118.
______________ type of network is hard to design and maintain.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(D) Metropolitan Area Network

Question 119.
______________ is a computer network that extends over a large geographical area.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(C) Wide Area Network

Question 120.
In ______________ type of network the technology is high speed and relatively expensive.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(C) Wide Area Network

Question 121.
A Communication medium used for ______________ is Telephone Network or Satellite Link.
(A) Computer Network
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(C) Wide Area Network

Question 122.
______________ is the design of a computer network.
(A) Network architecture
(B) Peer-to-Peer
(C) Client-Server
(D) Client
Answer:
(A) Network Architecture

Question 123.
A ______________ network has no dedicated servers.
(A) Network architecture
(B) Peer-to-Peer
(C) Client-Server
(D) Client
Answer:
(B) Peer-to-Peer

Question 124.
______________ type of architecture is most suitable for larger network.
(A) Network architecture
(B) Peer-to-Peer
(C) Client-Server
(D) Client
Answer:
(C) Client-Server

Question 125.
A computer which is seeking any resource from another computer is a ______________ computer.
(A) Network architecture
(B) Peer-to-Peer
(C) Client-Server
(D) Client
Answer:
(D) Client

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 126.
If a computer has a resource which is served to another computer, it is a ______________ computer.
(A) Server
(B) Peer-to-Peer
(C) Client-Server
(D) Client
Answer:
(A) Server

Question 127.
______________ means connecting computer to any other computer anywhere in the world.
(A) Internet
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(A) Internet

Question 128.
The ______________ is generally defined as a global network connecting millions of computers.
(A) Internet
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(A) Internet

Question 129.
The ______________ is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure.
(A) Internet
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(A) Internet

Question 130.
With the help of the ______________, one can easily be in touch with anyone in the whole world by sending electronic mail, by chatting.
(A) Internet
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(A) Internet

Question 131.
It can be said that ______________ provides a very strong connection or network between computers globally.
(A) Internet
(B) Local Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Metropolitan Area Network
Answer:
(A) Internet

Question 132.
Full form of ARPANET is ______________
(A) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(B) Advanced Research Project Area Network
(C) Advanced Research Project Access Network
(D) Advance Recovery Project Area Network
Answer:
(A) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Question 133.
The first workable prototype of the internet came in the late 1960’s with the creation of ______________
(A) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(B) Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
(C) World Wide Web
(D) Local Area Network
Answer:
(A) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Question 134.
______________ used packet switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a single network.
(A) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(B) Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
(C) World Wide Web
(D) Local Area Network
Answer:
(A) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Question 135.
Full form of TCP/IP is ______________
(A) Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
(B) Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
(C) Transmission Control Password and Internet Password
(D) Transfer Control Process and Internet Password
Answer:
(A) Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol

Question 136.
______________ communications model that set standards for how data could be transmitted between multiple networks.
(A) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(B) Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
(C) World Wide Web
(D) Local Area Network
Answer:
(B) Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol

Question 137.
Full form of WWW is ______________
(A) World Wide Website
(B) Web Wide World
(C) World Wide Web
(D) Wide Web World
Answer:
(C) World Wide Web

Question 138.
Tim Berners-Lee invented the ______________
(A) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(B) Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
(C) World Wide Web
(D) Local Area Network
Answer:
(C) World Wide Web

Question 139.
A ______________ is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network.
(A) Protocol
(B) Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol
(C) Domain Name System
(D) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Answer:
(A) Protocol

Question 140.
______________ breaks down the message into packets and sends them out into the network.
(A) Protocol
(B) Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol
(C) Domain Name System
(D) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Answer:
(B) Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 141.
Full form of DNS is ______________
(A) Domain Name System
(B) Dynamic Name System
(C) Domain Name Service
(D) Dynamic Name Service
Answer:
(A) Domain Name System

Question 142.
______________ translates network address into terms understood by humans and vice-versa.
(A) Protocol
(B) Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol
(C) Domain Name System
(D) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Answer:
(C) Domain Name System

Question 143.
DHCP stands for ______________
(A) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(B) Domain Host Configuration Protocol
(C) Dynamic Host Configuration Process
(D) Domain Host Configuration Process
Answer:
(A) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Question 144.
______________ can automatically assign internet addresses to computers and users.
(A) Protocol
(B) Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol
(C) Domain Name System
(D) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Answer:
(D) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Question 145.
FTP stands for ______________
(A) File Transfer Protocol
(B) File Transfer Process
(C) File Time Pass
(D) File Time Protocol
Answer:
(A) File Transfer Protocol

Question 146.
______________ is used to transfer and manipulate files on the internet.
(A) File Transfer Protocol
(B) HyperText Transfer Protocol
(C) Internet Message Access Protocol
(D) Internet Relay Chat
Answer:
(A) File Transfer Protocol

Question 147.
Full form of HTTP is ______________
(A) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(B) Hyper Test Transfer Protocol
(C) Hyper Transfer Text
(D) Hyper Text Transfer Process
Answer:
(A) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Question 148.
______________ is an internet-based protocol for sending and receiving web pages.
(A) File Transfer Protocol
(B) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(C) Internet Message Access Protocol
(D) Internet Relay Chat
Answer:
(B) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Question 149.
Full form of IMAP is ______________
(A) Internet Message Access Protocol
(B) Internet Message Access Process
(C) Internet Message Access Program
(D) Information Message Access Protocol
Answer:
(A) Internet Message Access Protocol

Question 150.
______________ is used for receiving e-mail messages from server on the Internet.
(A) File Transfer Protocol
(B) HyperText Transfer Protocol
(C) Internet Message Access Protocol
(D) Internet Relay Chat
Answer:
(C) Internet Message Access Protocol

Question 151.
______________ maintains a copy of all the emails on server.
(A) File Transfer Protocol
(B) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(C) Internet Message Access Protocol
(D) Internet Relay Chat
Answer:
(C) Internet Message Access Protocol

Question 152.
Full form of IRC is ______________
(A) Internet Relay Chat
(B) International Relay Chat
(C) Internet Regional Chat
(D) Internet Random Chat
Answer:
(A) Internet Relay Chat

Question 153.
______________ facilitates communication in the form of text.
(A) File Transfer Protocol
(B) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(C) Internet Message Access Protocol
(D) Internet Relay Chat
Answer:
(D) Internet Relay Chat

Question 154.
POP3 stands for ______________
(A) Post Office Protocol Version 3
(B) Post Office Process Version 3
(C) Protocol Office Post Version 3
(D) Process Office Protocol Version 3
Answer:
(A) Post Office Protocol Version 3

Question 155.
______________ is used for receiving e-mail from remote mail servers.
(A) File Transfer Protocol
(B) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(C) Internet Message Access Protocol
(D) Post Office Protocol Version 3
Answer:
(D) Post Office Protocol Version 3

Question 156.
______________ is used for sending e-mail messages to the Server on the Internet.
(A) File Transfer Protocol
(B) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(C) Internet Message Access Protocol
(D) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Answer:
(D) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Question 157.
Full form of ITES is ______________
(A) IT Enabled Services
(B) IT Encrypted Service
(C) IT Essential Service
(D) IT Safe Service
Answer:
(A) IT Enabled Services

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 158.
IT Enabled Services (ITES), also called as ______________
(A) Web Enabled Services
(B) Word Enabled Services
(C) Wide Enabled Services
(D) Web Engineer Services
Answer:
(A) Web Enabled Services

Question 159.
______________ covers the entire amount of operations which exploit Information Technology for improving efficiency of an organization.
(A) File Transfer Protocol
(B) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(C) Internet Message Access Protocol
(D) IT Enabled Services
Answer:
(D) IT Enabled Services

Question 160.
______________ can develop interactive websites using knowledge of HTML, PHP and various
other programming languages.
(A) Web Designer
(B) Software Developer
(C) Database Manager
(D) Information Security Analyst
Answer:
(A) Web Designer

Question 161.
It is possible to have career as a ______________ with the scripting skills.
(A) Web Designer
(B) Software Developer
(C) Database Manager
(D) Information Security Analyst
Answer:
(B) Software Developer

Question 162.
After getting knowledge about Database management one can work as a ______________
(A) Web Designer
(B) Software Developer
(C) Database Manager
(D) Information Security Analyst
Answer:
(C) Database Manager

Question 163.
______________ are responsible for ensuring that networks are watertight.
(A) Web Designer
(B) Software Developer
(C) Database Manager
(D) Information Security Analyst
Answer:
(D) Information Security Analyst

Question 164.
______________ using computerized accounting software can successfully handle accounting work.
(A) Professional Accountant
(B) Financial Advisor
(C) Animator
(D) Games Developer
Answer:
(A) Professional Accountant

Question 165.
______________ after getting IT knowledge one can advise and guide others in investing the money in various investment schemes.
(A) Professional Accountant
(B) Financial Advisor
(C) Animator
(D) Games Developer
Answer:
(B) Financial Advisor

Question 166.
It is possible to become a successful ______________ using one’s own creation and innovation.
(A) Professional Accountant
(B) Financial Advisor
(C) Animator
(D) Games Developer
Answer:
(C) Animator

Question 167.
Perhaps one of the trendiest and most fun jobs in the sector, a ______________
(A) Professional Accountant
(B) Financial Advisor
(C) Animator
(D) Games Developer
Answer:
(D) Games Developer

Question 168.
As a career opportunity, to become an ______________, one should be good in tools such as Kdenlive, Audacity.
(A) Professional Accountant
(B) Financial Advisor
(C) Animator
(D) Audio/Video Editor
Answer:
(D) Audio/Video Editor

Question 169.
______________ is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable computing or IT.
(A) Green Computing
(B) Internet of Things
(C) Cloud Computing
(D) Data Analytics
Answer:
(A) Green Computing

Question 170.
The goals of ______________ are similar to green chemistry
(A) Green Computing
(B) Internet of Things
(C) Cloud Computing
(D) Data Analytics
Answer:
(A) Green Computing

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 171.
______________ is important for all classes of systems, ranging from handheld systems to largescale data centers.
(A) Green Computing
(B) Internet of Things
(C) Cloud Computing
(D) Data Analytics
Answer:
(A) Green Computing

Question 172.
Full form of IOT is ______________
(A) Internet of Time
(B) Internet of Things
(C) International of Time
(D) Intelligent of Things
Answer:
(B) Internet of Things

Question 173.
The ______________ is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity.
(A) Green Computing
(B) Internet of Things
(C) Cloud Computing
(D) Data Analytics
Answer:
(B) Internet of Things

Question 174.
______________ is the delivery of computing services over the internet.
(A) Green Computing
(B) Internet of Things
(C) Cloud Computing
(D) Data Analytics
Answer:
(C) Cloud Computing

Question 175.
______________ is the process of examining data sets in order to draw conclusions about the information.
(A) Green Computing
(B) Internet of Things
(C) Cloud Computing
(D) Data Analytics
Answer:
(D) Data Analytics

Question 176.
______________ technologies and techniques are widely used in commercial industries to enable
organizations to make more-informed business decisions.
(A) Green Computing
(B) Internet of Things
(C) Cloud Computing
(D) Data Analytics
Answer:
(D) Data Analytics

Question 177.
______________ is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and other animals.
(A) Artificial Intelligence
(B) Machine Learning
(C) Big Data
(D) Blockchain
Answer:
(A) Artificial Intelligence

Question 178.
Computer science defines ______________ research as the study of “intelligent agents”.
(A) Artificial Intelligence
(B) Machine Learning
(C) Big Data
(D) Blockchain
Answer:
(A) Artificial Intelligence

Question 179.
______________ is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to effectively perform a specific task.
(A) Artificial Intelligence
(B) Machine Learning
(C) Big Data
(D) Blockchain
Answer:
(B) Machine Learning

Question 180.
______________ refers to data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data-processing application software.
(A) Artificial Intelligence
(B) Machine Learning
(C) Big Data
(D) Blockchain
Answer:
(C) Big Data

Question 181.
______________ is a growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked using cryptography.
(A) Artificial Intelligence
(B) Machine Learning
(C) Big Data
(D) Blockchain
Answer:
(D) Blockchain

4. Multiple Choice Two Correct Answer.

Question 1.
Computer Architecture is a specification detailing of how a set of ______________ and ______________ technology standards interact to form a computer system
(A) Software
(B) Numbers
(C) Data
(D) Commands
(E) Hardware
Answer:
(A) Software (E) Hardware

Question 2.
Input unit helps users to enter ______________ and ______________ into a computer system.
(A) Software
(B) Numbers
(C) Data
(D) Commands
(E) Hardware
Answer:
(C) Data (D) Commands

Question 3.
The main function of input devices is to ______________ and ______________ into computer.
(A) Software
(B) Numbers
(C) Direct Commands
(D) Data
(E) Hardware
Answer:
(C) Direct Commands (D) Data

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 4.
Keyboard is an input device that enters ______________ and ______________
(A) Software
(B) Numbers
(C) Data
(D) Characters
(E) Hardware
Answer:
(B) Numbers (D) Characters

Question 5.
A Mouse can be an input device for entering ______________ and ______________
(A) Directions
(B) Commands
(C) Data
(D) Logical
(E) Comparison
Answer:
(A) Directions (B) Commands

Question 6.
After receiving ______________ and ______________ from users, a computer system has to process it according to the instructions provided. Here, it has to rely on a component called the Central Processing Unit.
(A) Directions
(B) Commands
(C) Data
(D) Logical
(E) Comparison
Answer:
(B) Commands (C) Data

Question 7.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit can even perform ______________ functions like the ______________ of data.
(A) Directions
(B) Commands
(C) Data
(D) Logical
(E) Comparison
Answer:
(D) Logical (E) Comparison

Question 8.
There are two types of memory ______________ & ______________
(A) Primary Memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Secondary Memory
(D) Read Only Memory
(E) Data
Answer:
(A) Primary Memory (C) Secondary Memory

Question 9.
Primary memory is generally of two types ______________ & ______________
(A) Primary Memory
(B) Random Access Memory
(C) Secondary Memory
(D) Read Only Memory
(E) Data
Answer:
(B) Random Access Memory (D) Read Only Memory

Question 10.
Primary Memory holds the ______________ and ______________ on which computer is currently working.
(A) Primary Memory
(B) Instruction
(C) Secondary Memory
(D) Read-Only Memory
(E) Data
Answer:
(B) Instruction (E) Data

Question 11.
______________ and ______________ is often measured in Megabytes (MB) and Gigabytes (GB).
(A) Computer storage
(B) Megabytes (MB)
(C) Memory
(D) Gigabytes (GB)
(E) Data
Answer:
(A) Computer storage (C) Memory

Question 12.
Computer storage and memory is often measured in ______________ and ______________
(A) Computer storage
(B) Megabytes (MB)
(C) Memory
(D) Gigabytes (GB)
(E) Data
Answer:
(B) Megabytes (MB) (D) Gigabytes (GB)

Question 13.
A byte is the smallest unit, which can represent a ______________ item or a ______________
(A) Computer storage
(B) Character
(C) Memory
(D) Gigabytes (GB)
(E) Data
Answer:
(B) Character (E) Data

Question 14.
Computer hardware comprises of the ______________ components that a computer system requires to ______________
(A) Application Software
(B) Physical
(C) System Software
(D) Function
(E) Hardware
Answer:
(B) Physical (D) Function

Question 15.
Computer software can be classified into two types based on its utility ______________ & ______________
(A) Application Software
(B) Physical
(C) System Software
(D) Function
(E) Hardware
Answer:
(A) Application Software (C) System Software

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 16.
Linux Operating system is a program that allows different ______________ and various components of ______________
(A) Application
(B) Physical
(C) System Software
(D) Function
(E) Hardware
Answer:
(A) Application (E) Hardware

Question 17.
An operating system is a software program that empowers the ______________ to communicate and operate with the ______________
(A) Application Software
(B) Physical
(C) Computer Hardware
(D) Function
(E) Computer Software
Answer:
(C) Computer Hardware (E) Computer Software

Question 18.
Windows is a series of ______________ that are designed by ______________
(A) Operating Systems
(B) Open-Source Operating
(C) Microsoft
(D) Google
(E) Portable
Answer:
(A) Operating Systems (C) Microsoft

Question 19.
Chrome OS is an ______________ system created by ______________
(A) Operating Systems
(B) Open-Source Operating
(C) Microsoft
(D) Google
(E) Portable
Answer:
(B) Open-Source Operating (D) Google

Question 20.
Linux is an open-source, ______________, ______________, operating system.
(A) Operating Systems
(B) Open-Source Operating
(C) Portable
(D) Google
(E) Multi-User-Multiprogramming
Answer:
(C) Portable (E) Multi-User-Multiprogramming

Question 21.
Android is a free and ______________ for mobile phones provided by ______________
(A) Operating Systems
(B) Open-Source Operating
(C) Multi- Multiprogramming
(D) Google
(E) Portable
Answer:
(B) Open-Source Operating (D) Google

Question 22.
Asha is used by ______________ phones. This is ______________ OS.
(A) Nokia
(B) Microsoft
(C) Closed Source
(D) Multitasking
(E) Multi-User
Answer:
(A) Nokia (C) Closed Source

Question 23.
Blackberry is a closed source operating system for ______________ and ______________
(A) Smartphone
(B) Tablet Devices
(C) Microsoft
(D) Multitasking
(E) Multi-User
Answer:
(A) Smartphone (B)Tablet Devices

Question 24.
Windows Phone is developed by ______________ as a ______________ for mobile phones.
(A) Nokia
(B) Microsoft
(C) Closed Source Operating System
(D) Multitasking
(E) Multi-User
Answer:
(B) Microsoft (C) Closed Source Operating System

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 25.
UNIX was trademarked in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs as a ______________ and ______________ computer operating system.
(A) Smartphone
(B) Tablet Devices
(C) Microsoft
(D) Multitasking
(E) Multi-User
Answer:
(D) Multitasking (E) Multi-User

Question 26.
The Search option is used for ______________ search of the ______________
(A) Quick
(B) Personal
(C) Application
(D) Settings
(E) Software
Answer:
(A) Quick (C) Application

Question 27.
The Home folder is where all the ______________ documents and ______________ are stored.
(A) Quick
(B) Personal
(C) Application
(D) Settings
(E) Software
Answer:
(B) Personal (D) Settings

Question 28.
Repositories is a collection of ______________ for a ______________ distribution on the server.
(A) Quick
(B) Software
(C) Application
(D) Settings
(E) Linux
Answer:
(B) Software (E) Linux

Question 29.
The Package manager updates the ______________ as well as other ______________ periodically.
(A) Operating System
(B) Softwares
(C) Application
(D) Settings
(E) Linux
Answer:
(A) Operating System (B) Softwares

Question 30.
Computer Network is a group of ______________ or ______________ to have communication within themselves.
(A) Interconnected Computers
(B) Devices
(C) High Speed
(D) Relatively Expensive
(E) Telephone Network
Answer:
(A) Interconnected Computers (B) Devices

Question 31.
In Wide Area Network type of network the technology is ______________ and ______________
(A) Interconnected Computers
(B) Devices
(C) High Speed
(D) Relatively Expensive
(E) Telephone Network
Answer:
(C) Highspeed (D) Relatively Expensive

Question 32.
A Communication medium used for WAN is ______________ or ______________
(A) Devices
(B) High Speed
(C) Relatively Expensive
(D) Telephone Network
(E) Satellite Link
Answer:
(D) Telephone Network (E) Satellite Link

Question 33.
Two of the most widely used types of network architecture are ______________ and ______________
(A) Peer-to-Peer
(B) Devices
(C) Client/Server
(D) High Speed
(E) Relatively Expensive
Answer:
(A) Peer-to-Peer (C) Client/Server

Question 34.
There are two types of machines in network, ______________ and ______________
(A) Client
(B) Devices
(C) Server
(D) High Speed
(E) Relatively Expensive
Answer:
(A) Client (C) Server

Question 35.
The first workable prototype of the ______________ came in the late 1960’s with the creation of ______________
(A) Internet
(B) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(C) Packet
(D) Single
(E) Network
Answer:
(A) Internet (B) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 36.
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network used ______________ switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a ______________ network.
(A) Internet
(B) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(C) Packet
(D) Single
(E) Network
Answer:
(C) Packet (D) Single

Question 37.
Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol breaks down the message into ______________ and sends them out into the ______________
(A) Internet
(B) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(C) Packets
(D) Single
(E) Network
Answer:
(C) Packets (E) Network

Question 38.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol can automatically assign internet addresses to ______________ and ______________
(A) Computers
(B) Internet
(C) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(D) Users
(E) Network
Answer:
(A) Computers (D) Users

Question 39.
File Transfer Protocol is used to ______________ and ______________ files on the internet.
(A) Transfer
(B) Sending
(C) Manipulate
(D) Receiving
(E) HTML
Answer:
(A) Transfer (C) Manipulate

Question 40.
HyperText Transfer Protocol is an internet-based protocol for ______________ and ______________ web pages.
(A) Transfer
(B) Sending
(C) Manipulate
(D) Receiving
(E) HTML
Answer:
(B) Sending (D) Receiving

Question 41.
The outcome of an IT Enabled Service is in two forms ______________ & ______________
(A) Direct Improved Service
(B) Indirect Benefits
(C) Manipulate
(D) Receiving
(E) HTML
Answer:
(A) Direct Improved Service (B) Indirect Benefits

Question 42.
Web Designer can develop interactive websites using knowledge of ______________, ______________ and various other programming languages.
(A) Direct Improved Service
(B) Indirect Benefits
(C) HTML
(D) Receiving
(E) PHP
Answer:
(C) HTML (E) PHP

Question 43.
Professional Accountant using ______________ software can successfully handle ______________ work.
(A) Computerized Accounting
(B) Accounting
(C) HTML
(D) Receiving
(E) PHP
Answer:
(A) Computerized Accounting (B) Accounting

Question 44.
It is possible to become a successful Animator using one’s own ______________ and ______________
(A) Creation
(B) Handheld
(C) Innovation
(D) Data
(E) Algorithms
Answer:
(A) Creation (C) Innovation

Question 45.
Green computing is important for all classes of systems, ranging from ______________ systems to largescale ______________ centers.
(A) Creation
(B) Handheld
(C) Innovation
(D) Data
(E) Algorithms
Answer:
(B) Handheld (D) Data

Question 46.
Machine Learning is the scientific study of ______________ and ______________ models that computer systems use to effectively perform a specific task.
(A) Creation
(B) Handheld
(C) Innovation
(D) Algorithms
(E) Statistical
Answer:
(D) Algorithms (E) Statistical

Question 47.
Blockchain is a growing list of records, called ______________, which are linked using ______________
(A) Blocks
(B) Creation
(C) Handheld
(D) Innovation
(E) Cryptography
Answer:
(A) Blocks (E) Cryptography

5. Multiple Choice Three Correct Answers.

Question 1.
Information technology refers to ______________, ______________, and ______________
(A) Hardware
(B) Input Unit
(C) Output Unit
(D) Software (computer programs)
(E) Computer Networks
Answer:
(A) Hardware (D) Software (computer programs) (E) Computer networks

Question 2.
Computer Architecture is a specification detailing of how a set of ______________ and ______________ technology standards interact to form a ______________
(A) Software
(B) Hardware
(C) Computer System
(D) Input Unit
(E) Output Unit
Answer:
(A) Software (B) Hardware (C) Computer System

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 3.
Every computer system has the following three basic components ______________, ______________ & ______________
(A) Data
(B) Commands
(C) Input Unit
(D) Central Processing Unit
(E) Output Unit
Answer:
(C) Input Unit (D) Central Processing Unit (E) Output Unit

Question 4.
Input unit helps users to enter ______________ and ______________ into a ______________
(A) Data
(B) Commands
(C) Input Unit
(D) Central Processing Unit
(E) Computer System
Answer:
(A) Data (B) Commands (E) Computer System

Question 5.
The CPU further uses these three elements ______________, ______________ & ______________
(A) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(B) Image
(C) Control Unit
(D) Memory Unit
(E) Icons
Answer:
(A) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (C) Control Unit (D) Memory Unit

Question 6.
The graphical user interface is when the user interacts with the computer using ______________ , ______________, and ______________
(A) Images
(B) Icons
(C) Dialog Boxes
(D) Computers
(E) Printers
Answer:
(A) Images (B) Icons (C) Dialog Boxes

Question 7.
A computer network consists of a collection of ______________, ______________ and ______________ that is connected together.
(A) Computers
(B) Printers
(C) Metropolitan Area Network
(D) Wide Area Network
(E) Other equipment
Answer:
(A) Computers (B) Printers (E) Other equipment

Question 8.
______________, ______________ & ______________ are three types of network based on the geographical area they cover.
(A) Local Area Network
(B) Metropolitan Area Network
(C) Wide Area Network
(D) Web enabled services
(E) Remote services
Answer:
(A) Local Area Network (B) Metropolitan Area Network (C) Wide Area Network

Question 9.
IT Enabled Services (ITES), also called ______________ or ______________ or ______________
(A) Local Area Network
(B) Wide Area Network
(C) Web Enabled Services
(D) Remote Services
(E) Tele-Working
Answer:
(C) Web Enabled Services (D) Remote Services (E) Tele-Working

6. Match the following.

Question 1.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Computer(A) Input device
(2) Keyboard(B) Computare
(3) Arithmetic and Logic Unit(C) Arithmetic Operations
(4) Memory Unit(D) Pre-programmed instructions

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Computer(B) Computare
(2) Keyboard(A) Input device
(3) Arithmetic and Logic Unit(C) Arithmetic Operations
(4) Memory Unit(D) Pre-programmed instructions

Question 2.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Primary Memory(A) Non-Volatile Memory
(2) RAM(B) Volatile Memory
(3) ROM(C) Internal memory
(4) Binary Digit(D) 0 or 1

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Primary Memory(C) Internal memory
(2) RAM(B) Volatile Memory
(3) ROM(A) Non-Volatile Memory
(4) Binary Digit(D) 0 or 1

Question 3.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) 4 bits(A) Software
(2) 8 bits(B) Physical components
(3) Computer hardware(C) Byte
(4) Program or set of programs(D) Nibble

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) 4 bits(D) Nibble
(2) 8 bits(C) Byte
(3) Computer hardware(B) Physical components
(4) Program or set of programs(A) Software

Question 4.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Open source software(A) Public domain
(2) Closed source software(B) Purchase the software
(3) Applications software(C) Operating system
(4) System Software(D) End-user programs

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Open source software(A) Public domain
(2) Closed source software(B) Purchase the software
(3) Applications software(D) End-user programs
(4) System Software(C) Operating system

Question 5.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Apple Corporation’s(A) Mac OS
(2) Google(B) Android
(3) Asha(C) Nokia Phones
(4) Microsoft(D) Windows Phone

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Apple Corporation’s(A) Mac OS
(2) Google(B) Android
(3) Asha(C) Nokia Phones
(4) Microsoft(D) Windows Phone

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 6.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Ubuntu(A) Free from viruses
(2) Linux Operating System(B) GNU/Linux
(3) Repositories(C) Collection of Software

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Ubuntu(B) GNU/Linux
(2) Linux Operating System(A) Free from viruses
(3) Repositories(C) Collection of Software

Question 7.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) LAN(A) Covers the smallest area
(2) MAN(B) The largest of all
(3) WAN(C) Covers an area larger than LAN

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) LAN(A) Covers the smallest area
(2) MAN(C) Covers an area larger than LAN
(3) WAN(B) The largest of all

Question 8.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Peer-to-Peer Architecture(A) Connecting millions of computers
(2) Client-Server Architecture(B) Client and server
(3) Internet(C) World Wide Web
(4) Tim Berners-Lee(D) Same Status

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Peer-to-Peer Architecture(D) Same Status
(2) Client-Server Architecture(B) Client and server
(3) Internet(A) Connecting millions of computers
(4) Tim Berners-Lee(C) World Wide Web

Question 9.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Domain Name System(A) Sending and receiving web pages
(2) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(B) Transfer and manipulate files
(3) File Transfer Protocol(C) Automatically assign internet addresses
(4) HyperText Transfer Protocol(D) Translates Network Address

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Domain Name System(D) Translates Network Address
(2) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(C) Automatically assign internet addresses
(3) File Transfer Protocol(B) Transfer and manipulate files
(4) HyperText Transfer Protocol(A) Sending and receiving web pages

Question 10.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Internet Message Access Protocol(A) Receiving e-mail messages from the server
(2) Internet Relay Chat(B) Used for Internet chat
(3) Post Office Protocol Version 3(C) Receiving an e-mail from remote mail servers
(4) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(D) Sending e-mail messages to the Server
(5) Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol(E) Breaks down the message into packets

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Internet Message Access Protocol(A) Receiving e-mail messages from the server
(2) Internet Relay Chat(B) Used for Internet chat
(3) Post Office Protocol Version 3(C) Receiving an e-mail from remote mail servers
(4) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(D) Sending e-mail messages to the Server
(5) Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol(E) Breaks down the message into packets

Question 11.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) IT Enabled Services (ITES)(A) HTML & PHP
(2) Web Designer and Developer(B) Web Enabled Services
(3) Software Developer(C) Scripting Skill
(4) Database Manager(D) SQL Skills

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) IT Enabled Services (ITES)(B) Web Enabled Services
(2) Web Designer and Developer(A) HTML & PHP
(3) Software Developer(C) Scripting Skill
(4) Database Manager(D) SQL Skills

Question 12.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Information Security Analyst(A) Networks are watertight
(2) Professional Accountant(B) Handle accounting work
(3) Financial Advisor(C) Investing the money
(4) Animator(D) Creation and innovation

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Information Security Analyst(A) Networks are watertight
(2) Professional Accountant(B) Handle accounting work
(3) Financial Advisor(C) Investing the money
(4) Animator(D) Creation and innovation

Question 13.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Green Computing(A) Computing Services
(2) Internet of Things (IoT)(B) Network of Physical Devices
(3) Cloud Computing(C) Green Chemistry
(4) Data Analytics(D) Examining Data

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Green Computing(C) Green Chemistry
(2) Internet of Things (IoT)(B) Network of Physical Devices
(3) Cloud Computing(A) Computing Services
(4) Data Analytics(D) Examining Data

Question 14.

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Artificial Intelligence(A) Blocks
(2) Machine Learning(B) Too large or complex
(3) Big Data(C) Algorithms and Statistical Models
(4) Blockchain(D) Intelligent Agents

Answer:

Column ‘A’Column ‘B’
(1) Artificial Intelligence(D) Intelligent Agents
(2) Machine Learning(C) Algorithms and Statistical Models
(3) Big Data(B) Too large or complex
(4) Blockchain(A) Blocks

7. Answer Briefly.

Question 1.
Define Information Technology.
Answer:
Information Technology encompasses all of the technologies that we use in order to create, collect, process, protect and store information. Information Technology refers to “hardware, software (computer programs), and computer networks”.

Question 2.
Explain ICT.
Answer:

  • The full form of ICT is Information and Communication Technology.
  • The information and Communication Technology concept involves the transfer and use of all kinds of information.
  • Information and Communication Technology is the foundation of the economy and a driving force of social changes in the 21st century.

Question 3.
What are Data and Information?
Answer:
Data can be any character, text, word, number, or raw facts.
Examples of Data:
Mumbai, 1234, Aditya, MG Road, Maharashtra, 9444444441, 411004

Information is data formatted in a manner that allows it to be utilized by human beings in some significant way.
Examples of Information:
Aditya, 1234, MG Road, Mumbai 400004,
Maharashtra, 944444444114.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 4.
What is Computer and Computer System?
Answer:

  1. The word Computer is derived from the Latin word Computare.
  2. An electronic device that accepts input from the user, processes it according to the instructions given to it, and gives the required result in the form of output, is a Computer.
  3. The computer can process data, images, audio, video, and graphics.
  4. Computer accepts data or instructions by way of input.
  5. Computer stores data.
  6. A computer can process data as required by the user.
  7. The computer gives results in the form of output.
  8. The computer controls all operations inside a computer.

Question 5.
What is Computer Architecture?
Answer:

  1. Computer Architecture is a specification detailing how a set of software and hardware technology standards interact to form a computer system.
  2. Computer Architecture refers to how a computer system is designed and how it works.

Question 6.
Explain Input Unit
Answer:

  1. Input unit helps users to enter data and commands into a computer system.
  2. The main function of input devices is to direct commands and data into the computer.
  3. The keyboard is an input device that enters numbers and characters.
  4. A mouse can be an input device for entering directions and commands.

Question 7.
Briefly explain the CPU and its element.
Answer:

  1. After receiving data and commands from users, a computer system has to process it according to the instructions provided. Here, it has to rely on a component called the Central Processing Unit.
  2. The Central Processing Unit further uses these three elements Arithmetic and Logic Unit, Control Unit, and Memory Unit.
  3. The full form of ALU is the Arithmetic and Logic Unit.
  4. The arithmetic and Logic Unit part of the CPU performs arithmetic operations.
  5. Arithmetic and Logic Unit can even perform logical functions like the comparison of data.
  6. The Control Unit is the backbone of computers.
  7. The Control Unit is responsible for coordinating tasks between all components of a computer system.
  8. The Control Unit collects data from input units and sends it to processing units depending on its nature.
  9. Control Unit transmits processed data to output units to facilitate users.
  10. Once a user enters data using input devices, the computer system stores this data in its Memory unit.
  11. The Memory unit uses a set of pre-programmed instructions to further transmit this data to other parts of the CPU.

Question 8.
Explain the types of memory.
Answer:
There are two types of memory (1) Primary Memory (2) Secondary Memory

  1. Primary Memory is the internal memory of the computer.
  2. Primary Memory is also known as main memory.
  3. Primary Memory holds the data and instructions on which computer is currently working.
  4. RAM stands for Random Access Memory.
  5. Random Access Memory is known as reading/write memory.
  6. Random Access Memory is generally referred to as the main memory of the computer system.
  7. Random Access Memory is a temporary memory.
  8. Random Access Memory is also called Volatile Memory.
  9. Read-Only Memory is a Permanent Type memory.
  10. Read-Only Memory cannot be overwritten by the computer.
  11. Read-Only Memory is also called Non-Volatile Memory.
  12. Secondary Memory is an external memory of the computer.
  13. Secondary Memory is used to store a huge amount of different programs and information.

Question 9.
What is the Output unit and units of memory?
Answer:

  1. Output units basically reproduce the data formatted by the computer for the user’s benefit.
  2. The bit is a binary digit that holds only one of two values.
  3. A group of 4 bits is called a Nibble.
  4. A group of 8 bits is called a Byte.
  5. A Byte is the smallest unit, which can represent a data item or a character.
  6. 1 Byte is 8 Bits.
  7. 1 KiloByte (KB) is 1,024 Bytes.
  8. 1 MegaByte (MB) is 1,024 KiloBytes.
  9. 1 GigaByte (GB) is 1,024 MegaBytes.
  10. 1 TeraByte (TB) is 1,024 GigaBytes.
  11. 1 PetaByte (PB) is 1,024 TeraBytes.
  12. 1 ExaByte (EB) is 1,024 PetaBytes.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 10.
Explain concepts of hardware and software.
Answer:

  1. Computer hardware comprises the physical components that a computer system requires to function.
  2. A set of instructions given to the computer is known as Program.
  3. Program or set of programs are called Software.
  4. Software is a generic term used to describe computer programs.
  5. Open-source software refers to the software which releases code in the public domain for anyone to use.
  6. The full form of FOSS is FOSS Free Open Source Software Policy.
  7. Free Open Source Software Policy and enabled them to save some millions of rupees each year in licensing costs.
  8. In the case of Closed Source Software user has to purchase the software before using it.

Question 11.
Write down the classification of software based on its utility.
Answer:

  1. Application software is a program or group of programs designed for end-users.
  2. Applications software is also called end-user programs.
  3. System Software is a set of instructions required for a computer to work.
  4. Linux Operating system is a program that allows different applications and various components of the hardware.
  5. A computer would not be able to function correctly without an operating system.
  6. An operating system is a software program that empowers the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software.
  7. The operating system boots up the computer and makes sure that everything is operational.
  8. The operating system is also what runs the cell phone and most electronic devices.
  9. The operating systems usually come preloaded on any computer, tablet, laptop, or cell phone that the user buys.

Question 12.
Explain Operating Systems for Personal Computers and Mobile Phones.
Answer:

  1. The full form of DOS is Disk Operating System.
  2. Windows is a series of operating systems that are designed by Microsoft.
  3. Windows is the most commonly used operating system.
  4. Apple Corporation’s registered operating system is called Mac OS.
  5. Chrome OS is an open-source operating system created by Google.
  6. Linux is an open-source, portable, multi- multiprogramming, operating system.
  7. Android is a free and open-source operating system for mobile phones provided by Google.
  8. Asha is used by Nokia phones. This is a closed source OS.
  9. Blackberry is a closed source operating system for smartphone and tablet devices.
  10. IOS is Apple’s closed source operating system for Apple’s iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, and second-generation Apple TVs.
  11. Windows Phone is developed by Microsoft as a closed source operating system for mobile phones.
  12. Linux is used as the predominant backbone of the Internet.
  13. Ubuntu is one of the most popular GNU/Linux distributions.

Question 13.
Explain GUI and CLI.
Answer:

  1. The full form of GUI is Graphical User Interface.
  2. Full form of CLI Command Line Interface.
  3. The graphical user interface is when the user interacts with the computer using images, icons, and dialog boxes.
  4. The Search option is used for a quick search of the application.
  5. The Home folder is where all the personal documents and settings are stored.
  6. The Command-line interface is when the user interacts with the computer using text.
  7. The Commands are programs that are run when a user types the command name.

Question 14.
Explain the advantages of GNU/Linux.
Answer:

  1. Linux is Free and Open Source.
  2. Linux Operating System is free from viruses.
  3. Proprietary Operating Systems can update themselves.
  4. The repository is a collection of software for a Linux distribution on the server.
  5. The Package manager updates the operating system as well as other software periodically.

Question 15.
Define Computer networks and different types of networks.
Answer:

  1. Computer Network is a group of interconnected computers or devices to have communication within themselves.
  2. A Computer Network consists of a collection of computers, printers, and other equipment that is connected together.
  3. The full form of LAN is the Local Area Network.
  4. The full form of MAN is Metropolitan Area Network.
  5. The full form of WAN is a Wide Area Network.
  6. Local Area Network type of network covers the smallest area.
  7. Metropolitan Area Network covers an area larger than LAN.
  8. Wide Area Network type of network comprises the largest of all.
  9. In Local Area Network, usage area is limited to areas such as an office building, home, hospital, schools, etc.
  10. Local Area Network covers a short distance, and so the error and noise are minimized.
  11. Local Area Network type of network is easy to set up.
  12. In Local Area Network data transmits at a very fast rate as the number of computers linked is limited.
  13. Local Area Network is less expensive hardware and maintenance cost is also low.
  14. Metropolitan Area Network connects two or more separate computers that reside in the same or different cities.
  15. Full for of ISP is Internet Service Provider.
  16. Metropolitan Area Network covers a large geographical area and may serve as an ISP.
  17. Metropolitan Area Network type of network is hard to design and maintain.
  18. A Wide Area Network is a computer network that extends over a large geographical area.
  19. In the Wide Area Network type of network, the technology is high speed and relatively expensive.
  20. A Communication medium used for Wide Area networks is Telephone networks or Satellite Link.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 16.
Explain Network Architecture.
Answer:

  1. Network architecture is the design of a computer network.
  2. A Peer-to-Peer network has no dedicated servers.
  3. Client-Server type of architecture is most suitable for larger networks.
  4. A computer that is seeking any resource from another computer is a Client computer.
  5. If a computer has a resource that is served to another computer, it is a Server computer.

Question 17.
What is Internet?
Answer:

  1. Internet means connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world.
  2. The Internet is generally defined as a global network connecting millions of computers.
  3. The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure.
  4. With the help of the Internet, one can easily be in touch with anyone in the whole world by sending electronic mail, by chatting.
  5. It can be said that the Internet provides a very strong connection or network between computers globally.

Question 18.
Write down the history of the Internet.
Answer:

  1. The full form of ARPANET is Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
  2. The first workable prototype of the internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
  3. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network used packet switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a single network.
  4. The full form of TCP/ IP is Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol.
  5. Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol communications model that set standards for how data could be transmitted between multiple networks.
  6. The full form of WWW is World Wide Web.
  7. Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.

Question 19.
Define Protocol with examples.
Answer:

  1. A Protocol is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network.
  2. Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol breaks down the message into packets and sends them out into the network.
  3. The full form of DNS is Domain Name System.
  4. Domain Name System translates network address into terms understood by humans and vice-versa.
  5. DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
  6. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol can automatically assign internet addresses to computers and users.
  7. FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.
  8. File Transfer Protocol is used to transfer and manipulate files on the internet.
  9. The full form of HTTP is HyperText Transfer Protocol.
  10. HyperText Transfer Protocol is an internet-based protocol for sending and receiving web pages.
  11. The full form of IMAP is Internet Message Access Protocol.
  12. Internet Message Access Protocol is used for receiving e-mail messages from servers on the Internet.
  13. Internet Message Access Protocol maintains a copy of all the emails on the server.
  14. The full form of IRC is Internet Relay Chat.
  15. Internet Relay Chat facilitates communication in the form of text.
  16. POP3 stands for Post Office Protocol Version 3.
  17. Post Office Protocol Version 3 is used for receiving e-mail from remote mail servers.
  18. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used for sending e-mail messages to the Server on the Internet.

Question 20.
Explain the meaning of ITES.
Answer:

  1. The full form of ITES is IT Enabled Services.
  2. IT Enabled Services (ITES), also called as Web-Enabled Services.
  3. IT Enabled Services covers the entire amount of operations that exploit Information Technology for improving the efficiency of an organization.

Question 21.
Discuss various careers opportunities in IT.
Answer:

  1. Web Designer can develop interactive websites using knowledge of HTML, PHP, and various other programming languages.
  2. It is possible to have a career as a software developer with scripting skills.
  3. After getting knowledge about Database management one can work as a Database Manager.
  4. Information Security Analysts are responsible for ensuring that networks are watertight.
  5. Professional Accountant using computerized accounting software can successfully handle accounting work.
  6. Financial Advisor after getting IT knowledge one can advise and guide others in investing the money in various investment schemes.
  7. It is possible to become a successful Animator using one’s own creation and innovation.
  8. Perhaps one of the trendiest and most fun jobs in the sector, a games developer.
  9. As a career opportunity, to become an Audio / Video Editor one should be good in tools such as Kdenlive, Audacity.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

Question 22.
Write down the recent trends in IT.
Answer:

  1. Green Computing is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable computing or IT.
  2. The goals of green computing are similar to green chemistry.
  3. Green computing is important for all classes of systems, ranging from handheld systems to large-scale data centers.
  4. The full form of IoT is the Internet of Things.
  5. The Internet of Things is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity.
  6. Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing services over the internet.
  7. Data Analytics is the process of examining data sets in order to draw conclusions about the information.
  8. Data Analytics technologies and techniques are widely used in commercial industries to enable organizations to make more informed business decisions.
  9. Artificial Intelligence is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and other animals.
  10. Computer science defines Artificial Intelligence research as the study of “intelligent agents”.
  11. Machine Learning is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to effectively perform a specific task.
  12. Big Data refers to data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data-processing application software.
  13. Blockchain is a growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked using cryptography.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Hindi Yuvakbharati 11th Digest Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी

11th Hindi Digest Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी Textbook Questions and Answers

पाठ पर आधारित

प्रश्न 1.
आर.जे. के लिए आवश्यक गुण लिखिए।
उत्तर :
स्नातक पदवी प्राप्त होने पर वह स्टाफ सिलेक्शन कमिशन तथा ऑल इंडिया रेडियो द्वारा ली जाने वाली परीक्षा दे सकता है।

और उसमें उत्तीर्ण होने पर प्रत्यक्ष साक्षात्कार द्वारा उम्मीद्वार का चयन होता है। उसका भाषा पर प्रभुत्व होना चाहिए। उसे देश-विदेश की जानकारी रखनी चाहिए। उसमें नित नई रची जाने वाली रचनाओं को पढ़ने की ललक होनी चाहिए। आवाज में उतार-चढ़ाव, वाणी में नम्रता तथा समय की पाबंदी आदि गुण उसमें होने चाहिए। उसे अनुवाद करने का ज्ञान भी होना चाहिए। उसे अपने कान और आँखें निरंतर खुली रखनी चाहिए।

उसे अपने उच्चारण पर विशेष ध्यान रखना चाहिए। अपने क्षेत्र का सांस्कृतिक, भौगोलिक तथा ऐतिहासिक ज्ञान भी उसे अवश्य होना चाहिए। साक्षात्कार लेने की कुशलता भी उसमें अवश्य होनी चाहिए। श्रोता द्वारा पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्नों के उत्तर उसके पास होने चाहिए।

निराश श्रोता का मनोबल बढ़ाने की कला उसे अवगत होनी चाहिए। उसकी भाषा सहज, सरल, संतुलित, रोचक तथा प्रवाहमयी होनी चाहिए जो श्रोताओं की समझ में सानी से आए और श्रोताओं को ज्ञान भी मिले और श्रोताओं का मनोरंजन भी हो।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी

प्रश्न 2.
सामाजिक सजगता निर्माण करने में आर.जे. का योगदान अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर :
सामाजिक जागरूकता फैलाने में आर. जे. महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा सकता है। क्योंकि आर. जे. का काम समाज के हर घटक से जुड़ा हुआ है। कार्यक्रम के दौरान वह पर्यावरण दिवस, पोलियो अभियान, जल साक्षरता, बाल मजदूरी, दहेज समस्या, कन्या साक्षरता, विश्व पुस्तक दिवस, किसान और खेती का महत्त्व, व्यसन से मुक्ति, मतदान जनजागृति आदि विषयों पर चर्चा करते हुए मनोरंजनात्मक ढंग से लोगों के बीच में जागरूकता फैलाने का काम करता है।

उदाहरण के लिए आर. जे. अनुराग पांडेय जी की बातों को सुनकर कितने ही युवाओं ने उत्साह से मतदान किया था और कितने ही लोग व्यसनमुक्त भी हुए। इस प्रकार आर. जे. समाज में परिवर्तन लाने की क्षमता रखता है।

प्रश्न 3.
आर.जे. के महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य पर प्रकाश डालिए।
उत्तर :
रेडियो जन-जन का माध्यम है जो लोगों के मन को छूता है। आर. जे. अपने कार्यक्रम की प्रस्तुति द्वारा जनमानस को हौसला देता है, नई-नई बातें बताता है। वह टेलीफोन के माध्यम से श्रोताओं से बातचीत करता है। श्रोताओं द्वारा पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर देता है तो कभी निराश श्रोता का मनोबल बढ़ाने का कार्य करता है। कभी मेहमानों या अतिथियों का परिचय कराता है, किसी परिचर्चा में हिस्सा लेता है।

खास लोगों का विशेष अवसर पर साक्षात्कार लेते हुए कार्यक्रम की प्रस्तुति करता है। अपने कार्यक्रम के दौरान पर्यावरण दिवस, पोलियो अभियान, जल साक्षरता जैसे कई विषयों पर चर्चा करते हुए मनोरंजनात्मक ढंग से जनजागृति लाता है।

अपने कार्यक्रम के दौरान दो गीतों के बीच कड़ी बनाने का कार्य करता है। वह श्रोताओं से संवाद करता है। समाज में जागरूकता फैलाता है और परिवर्तन लाता है।

व्यावहारिक प्रयोग

प्रश्न 1.
‘जलसंवर्धन’ के किसी कार्यकर्ता के साक्षात्कार हेतु संहिता तैयार कीजिए।
उत्तर :
नमस्कार! दोस्तो मैं हूँ आर. जे. रवि शर्मा और आज की इस मुलाकात में हमारे स्टुडियो में पधारे विशेष अतिथि हैं जलपुरुष डॉ. राजेंद्र सिंह जी। उत्तर प्रदेश के बागपत जिले में जन्मे राजेंद्र जी को 2001 में रेमन मैग्सेसे पुरस्कार से सम्मानित किया गया क्योंकि उनके भगीरथ प्रयत्नों से राजस्थान के अलवर में सात नदियाँ फिर से जीवित हुईं और बहने लगी हैं। 2009 में आप नेशनल गंगा रिवर बेसिन एथॉरिटी के मुख्य सदस्य भी रहे हैं।

रवि शर्मा : बहुत बहुत स्वागत है आपका।

राजेंद्र सिंह : धन्यवाद !

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी

रवि शर्मा : सबसे पहले हम जानना चाहेंगे राजेंद्र जी कि देश में पानी की स्थिति कैसी है?

राजेंद्र सिंह : देखिए, इस वक्त भारत बेपानी हो रहा है। हमारी धरती के गर्भ में जो वॉटर टैंक थे वे खाली हो गए हैं। धरती के ऊपर बुंदेल खंड हो, मराठवाडा हो या विदर्भ हो, लोग बेपानी होकर आत्महत्याएँ कर रहे हैं। धरती को बुखार चढ़ रहा है। मौसम का मिजाज बदल चुका है। बिगड़े मौसम ने भारत को बेपानी कर दिया है। धरती को कहीं बाढ़ तो कहीं सूखे की चपेट में ला रहा है।

रवि शर्मा : राजेंद्र सिंह जी आप एक आयुर्वेदिक डॉक्टर थे।

राजेंद्र सिंह : जी।

रवि शर्मा : उस काम को आपने छोड़ दिया और इस काम में लग गए?

राजेंद्र सिंह : पेड़ों और प्रकृति से तो मुझे बचपन से ही प्यार था। 1980 में राजस्थान के जयपुर में नौकरी करने लगा। परंतु चार साल बाद त्यागपत्र देकर समाजसेवा करने अलवर चला आया और बीमार लोगों का इलाज करने लगा। तब एक बूढ़े ने कहा डॉक्टर तो बहुत हैं जो इलाज करने आ जाएँगे।

हमें पानी चाहिए। पानी का काम करने वाला कोई नहीं है। मेरे लिए यह बहुत चुनौतिपूर्ण था। परंतु उस बूढ़े ने मुझे रियलाइज कराया कि मैं वह काम कर सकता हूँ और उचित समय पर मैंने पानी संरक्षण का निर्णय ले लिया जो मेरे जीवन का सबसे अच्छा निर्णय था और मैं पानी के काम में लग गया।

रवि शर्मा : राजेंद्र जी आपने यह करिश्मा कैसे किया?

राजेंद्र सिंह : उस बूढ़े किसान ने मुझे कहा हमारे यहाँ हर साल बादल पानी लेके आता है और उसको सूरज चोरी कर लेता है। हमारे लिए पानी बचता ही नहीं। तू सूरज की चोरी रोक दें। तब मैंने समझा कि, ‘पानी जहाँ दौड़ता है वहाँ उसे चलना सिखाना है।

जब वह चलने लगे तो उसे रेंगना और धरती माँ के पेट में बिठाना है। तब सूरज उसको चुरा नहीं सकेगा और उससे जीवन चलेगा।’ काम 1985 में शुरू हुआ और उसके अच्छे नतीजे सामने आए।

रवि शर्मा : बहुत बढ़िया। महाराष्ट्र में पानी की किल्लत पर आप क्या मशवरा दे सकते हैं?

राजेंद्र सिंह : देखा जाए तो महाराष्ट्र में पानी की कमी होनी ही नहीं चाहिए। पानी प्रबंधन के काम की आवश्यकता है। समाज और सरकार दोनों संकल्प करें तो महाराष्ट्र पानीदार बन सकता है।

रवि शर्मा : अच्छा, कैसे?

राजेंद्र सिंह : यहाँ का फसल चक्र वर्षा चक्र को जोड़कर तैयार करना चाहिए।

रवि शर्मा : बराबर।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी

राजेंद्र सिंह : महाराष्ट्र में जल साक्षरता अभियान शुरू करके पानी का सदुपयोग किया जा सकता है। जल नायक, जल योद्धा, जल प्रेमी, जल दूत और जल सेवकों की सहायता से यह अभियान आगे बढ़ेगा। समाज में लोग जल का सम्मान करें ताकि पानी व्यर्थ भी नहीं जाएगा और प्रदूषण से भी बचेगा। महाराष्ट्र में जलयुक्त शिवार बनेंगे।

रवि शर्मा : बिलकुल और महाराष्ट्र हरा-भरा हो जाएगा। इस बात पर एक गीत याद आ गया। हरी-हरी वसुंधरा है, नीला-नीला ये गगन.. (गीत का मुखडा और दो अंतरे बजाए जाएँगे।)

राजेंद्र सिंह : सच, अगर जज़्बा हो तो महाराष्ट्र सूखा मुक्त हो सकता है। बस अनुशासन और मिलजुलकर सही दिशा में काम करने की आवश्यकता है।

रवि शर्मा : बहुत बहुत धन्यवाद राजेंद्र जी। आज आपने हमारे श्रोताओं को जल संरक्षण संबंध में बहुत ही बढ़िया जानकारी दी है और आपकी बातें सुनकर जल प्रेमी, जल दूत सामने आने की संभावना बढ़ गई है।

राजेंद्र सिंह : तब तो मैं कहूँगा मेरा यहाँ आना सार्थक हो गया।

प्रश्न 2.
रेडियो जॉकी के रूप में ‘होली’ के अवसर पर काव्य वाचन प्रस्तुति के लिए कार्यक्रम तैयार कीजिए।
उत्तर :
नमस्कार! मैं हूँ आर. जे. सीमा राय और 93.65 रेडियो धमाचौकड़ी पर आप सबके लिए ले आई हूँ होली धमाका! सर्वप्रथम आप सबको होली की बहुत, बहुत, बहुत शुभकामनाएँ। आपकी होली सुरक्षित रहे, रंगों से और खुशियों से सराबोर रहे। इस होली को और भी खास बनाएँगे धमाकेदार, जोरदार सुप्रसिद्ध कवियों के काव्य गायन से।

होली है, होली है, बुरा न मानो, होली है।

इस कार्यक्रम को आगे बढ़ाते हुए मैं कवि जगत के प्रसिद्ध कवियों से परिचय कराती हूँ। हमारे साथ स्टुडियो में प्रसिद्ध कवि सुनील जोगी जी मौजूद हैं जिनका परिचय देने की जरूरत ही नहीं है। देश के जाने-माने कवि का परिचय देना सूरज को दीए की रोशनी दिखाने जैसा होगा। कविवर्य सुनील जी आपका हमारे चैनल पर स्वागत है।

सुनील : आप सबको और पूरे देश वासियों को होली की हार्दिक शुभकामनाएँ। होली रंगों का त्योहार है, उमंगो का त्योहार है, खुशियों का त्योहार है।
हमारे देश की होली ऐसी मनाई जाए,
होली हमारे देश की पहचान बन जाए,
आन, बान और शान बन जाए,
भरे पिचकारियाँ ऐसे तीन रंगों की
जो कपड़ों पर गिरे तो पूरा देश बन जाए।

सभी दाद देते हैं : वाह! वाह!

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी

सीमा : सुनील जी आप होली के रंग को देश का रंग बनाना चाहते हो। बहुत खूब।

सुनील : जी, जी, मेरी कविता मैंने देश की अखंडता, एकता, भाईचारा और मोहब्बत को व्यक्त करते हुए लिखी है। पेश है वह कविता –
हमारे मोहल्ले में हम इस तरह होली मनाते हैं –
जुम्मन चाचा हरा, राधेश्याम जी नारंगी और करतार जोसेफ सफेद रंग लाते हैं।
सब मिलकर एक दूसरे को खूब रंग लगाते हैं। थोड़ी ही देर में माहोल बदल जाता है..
सबके चेहरे पर सिर्फ तिरंगा नजर आता है।

तब लगता है होली सार्थक हुई क्योंकि इन रंगों में राधेश्याम जी के साथ, जुम्मन चाचा और करतार जोसेफ के रंगों की महक मिली हुई है।

सीमा : बहुत खूब सुनील जी। आपने और आपकी कविता ने सचमुच देश प्रेम में श्रोताओं को भिगो दिया है। अब जरा हँसी ठिठोली भी हो जाए।

दीपक : मैं हूँ दीपक गुप्ता और मेरा तो यही मानना है कि होली हँसी-खुशी, ठिठोली और सद्भावना का त्योहार है। होली की शुभकामनाएँ देते हुए एक ठिठोली सुनाता हूँ।
मुफ्त पिचकारी का ऑफर पाकर
बच्चे और माँ-बाप दौड़े चले आए
विक्रेता ने दी मुफ्त पिचकारी और कहा
कृपया इसमें भरे पानी की कीमत चुकाएँ

सभी : क्या बात है।

सीमा : सही बात है दीपक जी। आज पानी महँगा हो गया है, मुफ्त में बरबाद नहीं किया जा सकता। वेद प्रकाश जी आप भी सुनाइए और इस माहोल को रंगीन बना दीजिए।

वेद प्रकाश : जी बिलकुल अभी-अभी यहाँ ही स्टुडियो में बैठे-बैठे एक कविता जहन में आई जो सुनाता हूँ –
होली के दिन भाई
दीपक दीपक नहीं रहते,
सुनील सुनील नहीं रहते,
वेद वेद नहीं रहता,
कम-से-कम होली के दिन
ये भेद नहीं रहता कि,
इनकी कमीज से मेरी कमीज का रंग
ज्यादा सफेद नहीं है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी

सीमा : बहुत बढ़िया, वेद प्रकाश जी होली भेदभाव को मिटा देती है। यह एकता और अखंडता का प्रतीक है।

सीमा : सुनील जी, दीपक जी और वेद प्रकाश जी हमारे साथ जुड़कर होली को खास और खुशनुमा बनाने के लिए तहे दिल से शुक्रिया। श्रोताओं को जरूर मजा आया होगा। किसी की भावनाओं को अनजाने में ठेस पहुँची हो तो कह देती हूँ, ‘बुरा न मानो होली है, भाई होली है।’

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी 1
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी 2

रेडियो जॉकी Summary in Hindi

रेडियो जॉकी लेखक परिचय :

आवाज की दुनिया के बेताज बादशाह अनुराग पांडेय जी ने रेडियो के लिए पच्चीस से अधिक नाटकों का लेखन कार्य किया है। पिक्चर पांडेय शो से वे घर-घर में लोकप्रिय हो गए। रेडियो की दुनिया में पिछले 26 साल से सक्रिय है। अद्भुत और कलात्मक रेडियो जॉकिंग करने के कारण श्रोता वर्ग इनकी ओर आकर्षित होता है। मूलत: इंदौर के रहने वाले अनुराग पांडेय जी के रोजाना साढ़े पाँच करोड़ श्रोता है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी

रेडियो जॉकी पाठ परिचय :

प्रस्तुत पाठ एक साक्षात्कार है जिसमें आर. जे. अनुराग पांडेय जी ने रेडियो जॉकी के क्षेत्र में रोजगार के विपुल अवसरों की जानकारी दी है। इस क्षेत्र में करिअर बनाने के लिए आवश्यक योग्यताएँ तथा सामजिक जिम्मेदारियों पर प्रकाश डाला

रेडियो जॉकी पाठ का सारांश :

‘रेडियो जॉकी’ शब्द ‘रेडियो’ और ‘जॉकी’ इन दो शब्दों के मेल से बना है जिसका अर्थ है ऐसा कार्यक्रम संचालक जो कुशलतापूर्वक अपने चैनल को और प्रसारित कार्यक्रम को सबसे आगे रखे। एक जमाने में रेडियो जॉकी केवल उद्घोषक (अनाउंसर) होते थे परंतु अब रेडियो इन्फर्मेशन विथ एंटरटेनमेंट हो गया है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी 3

रेडियो जॉकी बनने के लिए स्टाफ सिलेक्शन कमिशन तथा ऑल इंडिया रेडियो द्वारा ली जाने वाली परीक्षा उत्तीर्ण होनी पड़ती है और इस परीक्षा के लिए स्नातक की उपाधि आवश्यक है। उसके बाद साक्षात्कार करके उम्मीदवार का चयन होता है। आज इस क्षेत्र में रोजगार के विपुल अवसर उपलब्ध हैं।

योग्यता, भाषा पर प्रभुत्व, देश-विदेश की जानकारी, आवाज में उतारचढ़ाव, वाणी में नम्रता आदि गुण, क्षेत्रीय रेडियो स्टेशन पर अनुभव लेकर बड़े रेडियो स्टेशन पर काम करने का अवसर मिल जाता है। रेडियो स्टेशन सिर्फ कला, ज्ञान और प्रस्तुतीकरण की शैली देखकर चयन करते हैं।

रेडियो जॉकी को अपने कान, आँखें निरंतर खुली रखने की जरूरत है। साहित्य और सचामार पत्र पढ़ने चाहिए; सांस्कृतिक, भौगोलिक तथा ऐतिहासिक ज्ञान चाहिए, साक्षात्कार लेने की कुशलता चाहिए। श्रोता द्वारा पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तरों का ज्ञान उसके पास चाहिए। किसी निराश श्रोता को प्रोत्साहित करने के लिए मनोविश्लेषणात्मक ज्ञान चाहिए जिससे श्रोता का मनोबल वह बढ़ा सके।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी 4

रेडियो जॉकी की भाषा सहज, सरल, संतुलित, रोचक तथा प्रवाहमयी होनी चाहिए। उसमें वाक्पटुता का गुण हो। उसे तकनीकी चीजों की जानकारी होनी चाहिए। मनोरंजनात्मक ढंग से लोगों के बीच जागरूकता फैलाने का काम भी उसे करना चाहिए क्योंकि प्रसारण के माध्यमों में रेडियो सबसे तेज प्रसारित और प्रेषित करने का सशक्त माध्यम है।

रेडियो का भविष्य उज्ज्वल है और युवा वर्ग को मनोरंजन, जोश से भरपूर इसके विस्तृत क्षेत्र में अपना उज्ज्वल भविष्य बनाने के लिए अपने कदम अवश्य बढ़ाने चाहिए।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी 5

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 16 रेडियो जॉकी

रेडियो जॉकी शब्दार्थ :

  • संचालक = परिचालक, निदेशक, गति देनेवाला (director),
  • इंफोटेनमेंट = मनोरंजन और सूचनाओं का साथ-साथ संप्रेषण (information with entertainment),
  • साक्षात्कार = भेंटवार्ता (interview),
  • क्षेत्रीय = जनपदीय (Regional),
  • आजीविका = रोजगार, रोजी-रोटी (job, income source),
  • मापदंड = मानक, मापने का पैमाना (criteria),
  • निकष = कसौटी (criteria),
  • निराकरण = निवारण, समाधान (solution),
  • स्वाभाविक = प्राकृतिक (Natural),
  • विचलित = अस्थिर, चंचल, व्याकुल (distracted, restless),
  • वाक्पटुता = बातें करने में चतुर होना (Eloquence oratory),
  • सुदृढ = मजबूत (very strong),
  • शालीन = नम्र (decent),
  • कीर्तिमान = सफलता, यश का सूचक (Record),
  • ध्वनिमुद्रित = अभिलेखन बद्ध, सी.डी., टेप आदि तैयार करना (recording),
  • चुनिंदा = चुना हुआ, श्रेष्ठ, उत्तम, बढ़िया (selected),
  • आयाम = विस्तार (dimension),
  • प्रेरक = प्रेरित करने वाल (motivator)

Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board 11th Commerce Maths Solution Book Pdf Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9

Question 1.
A man buys a house for ₹ 10 lakh and rents it. He puts 10% of the annual rent aside for repairs, pays ₹ 1,000 as annual taxes, and realizes 8% on his investment thereafter. Find the annual rent of the house.
Solution:
Let ₹ ‘x’ be the annual rent of the house.
The man keeps 10% of the annual rent aside for repairs.
i.e., \(\frac{10}{100}\) × x or ₹ \(\frac{x}{10}\) aside tor repairs.
In addition, he pays ₹ 1000 as annual taxes.
After incurring these expenses he is left with an amount which is 8% of his investment for the house.
Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Q1
∴ The annual rent of the house is ₹ 90,000.

Question 2.
Rose got 30% of the maximum marks in an examination and failed by 10 marks. However, Lily who appeared for the same examination got 40% of the total marks and got 15 marks more than the passing marks. What were the passing marks in the examination?
Solution:
Let maximum marks be x
Rose scored 30% of maximum marks
i.e. Rose scored \(\frac{30}{100}\)x
Rose failed by 10 marks
∴ passing marks = \(\frac{30}{100}\)x + 10 …..(i)
Lily scored 40% of maximum marks
i.e. Lily scored \(\frac{40}{100}\)x
Lily scored 15 marks more than passing marks
∴ passing marks = \(\frac{40}{100}\)x – 15 ……(ii)
equating (i) and (ii),
\(\frac{30x}{100}\) + 10 = \(\frac{40x}{100}\) – 15
∴ 10 + 15 = \(\frac{40 x-30 x}{100}\)
∴ 10x = (25)(100)
∴ x = 250
From (i), passing marks = \(\frac{30}{100}\)(250) + 10
= 75 + 10
= 85
∴ Passing marks for the examination were 85.

Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9

Question 3.
Ankita’s Salary was reduced by 50%. Again the reduced salary was increased by 50%. Find loss in terms of percentage.
Solution:
Let Ankita’s initial salary be ₹ ‘x’.
Her salary was reduced by 50%.
∴ Ankita’s salary after reduction = x(1 – \(\frac{50}{100}\))
= x(1 – \(\frac{1}{2}\))
= \(\frac{x}{2}\)
Ankita’s reduced salary was then increased by 50%
∴ Ankita’s final salary after the increase
Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Q3
∴ Loss in Ankita’s salary after the decrease and increase = x – \(\frac{3 x}{4}\) = \(\frac{x}{4}\)
Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Q3.1
∴ Ankita lost 25% of her salary.

Question 4.
By selling 300 lunch boxes, a shopkeeper gains the selling price of 100 lunch boxes. Find his gain percent.
Solution:
Let ₹ x be the selling price (S.P.) of one lunch box.
∴ S.P. of 300 lunch boxes = 300x
and S.P. of 100 lunch boxes = 100x
Gain = 100x ……[given]
C.P. of 300 lunch boxes = S.P. – Gain
= 300x – 100x
= 200x
Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Q4
∴ The shopkeeper’s gain percentage is 50%.

Question 5.
A salesman sold an article at a loss of 10%. If the selling price has been increased by ₹ 80, there would have been a gain of 10%. What was the cost of the article?
Solution:
Let ₹ x be the cost price of the article.
S.P. of the article = x – \(\frac{10}{100}\)x = \(\frac{9x}{100}\) …….(i)
Given that, S.P. increased by ₹ 80 would have given 10% gain
Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Q5
∴ The cost price of the article is ₹ 400

Question 6.
Find the single discount equivalent to a series discount of 10%, 20%, and 15%.
Solution:
Let the marked price be ₹ 100
After 1st discount the price = 100(1 – \(\frac{10}{100}\)) = 90
After 2nd discount the price = 90(1 – \(\frac{20}{100}\)) = 72
After 3rd discount the price = 72(1 – \(\frac{15}{100}\)) = 61.2
∴ The selling price after 3 discounts is ₹ 61.2.
∴ Single equivalent discount = marked price – selling price
= 100 – 61.2
= ₹ 38.8
∴ The single equivalent discount is ₹ 38.8 on ₹ 100.
i.e. The single equivalent discount is 38.8%.

Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9

Question 7.
Reshma put an amount at simple interest at a certain rate for 3 years. Had it been put at 2% higher rate, she would have received ₹ 360 more. Find the sum.
Solution:
Let P and R represent the principal amount and rate of interest p.a. respectively.
Given duration = T = 3 years
Simple interest = \(\frac{\mathrm{PRT}}{100}=\frac{3 \mathrm{PR}}{100}\)
Given that, had the amount been kept at 2% more, then the gain would have been ₹ 360 more.
Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Q7
∴ The sum of money is ₹ 6,000.

Question 8.
The compound interest on ₹ 30000 at 7% p.a. is ₹ 4347. What is the period in years?
Solution:
Given that,
Principal (P) = ₹ 30,000
Rate of interest (R) = 7% p.a.
Compound interest = ₹ 4,347
Amount after compound interest
Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Q8
= \(\left(\frac{107}{100}\right)^{2}\)
= (1.07)2
∴ T = 2
∴ Amount is invested for 2 years.

Question 9.
The value of the machine depreciates at the rate of 15% p.a. It was purchased 2 years ago. Its present value is ₹ 7,225. What was the purchase price of the machine?
Solution:
Given,
Rate of depreciation = r = 15%
Number of years = n = 2 years
Present value of machine = P.V. = ₹ 7,225
The purchase price (V) of the machine can be found using
Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Q9
∴ The purchase price of the machine was ₹ 10,000/-.

Question 10.
A tree increases annually by \(\frac{1}{8}\) of its height. By how much will it increase after 2\(\frac{1}{2}\) years. If its length today is 8 m?
Solution:
The height of the tree today is 8m.
The height of the tree increases by \(\frac{1}{8}\)th of its height every year.
At the end of 1st year, height of the tree will be = 8 + \(\frac{1}{8}\) × 8 = 9 m
And, at the end of the 2nd year, height of the tree will be = 9 + \(\frac{1}{8}\) × 9
= 9(1 + \(\frac{1}{8}\))
= 9 × \(\frac{9}{8}\)
= \(\frac{81}{8}\)
After six more months, the height of the tree will be
Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Q10
∴ Increase in the height of the tree after 2\(\frac{1}{2}\) years = 10.75 – 8 = 2.75 m.

Question 11.
A building worth ₹ 1,21,000 is constructed on land worth ₹ 81,000. After how many years will the value of both be the same if land appreciates at 10% p.a and buildings depreciate at 10% p.a.
Solution:
Given,
Value of the building = V.B. = ₹ 1,21,000
Value of land = V.L. = ₹ 81,000/-
Rate of appreciation of land = rate of depreciation of building = r = 10%.
For the value of building and land to be the same.
Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Q11
∴ n = 2 years.
∴ After two years value of the building and land will be the same.

Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9

Question 12.
Varun invested 25%, 30%, and 20% of his savings in buying shares of three different companies, ‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’ which declared dividends, 10%, 12%, and 15% respectively. If his total income on account of dividends is ₹ 6,370/-, find the amount he invested in buying shares of company ‘B’.
Solution:
Let ‘T’ be Varan’s total savings.
∴ Investment of Varan in:
Company A = 25% of T = \(\frac{25}{100}\) × T = \(\frac{T}{4}\),
Company B = 30% of T = \(\frac{30}{100}\) × T = \(\frac{3T}{10}\),
Company C = 20% of T = \(\frac{20}{100}\) × T = \(\frac{T}{5}\)
Company A, B and C declared dividends 10%, 12% and 15% respectively.
∴ Dividend from company A = 10% of \(\frac{T}{4}\)
Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Q12
∴ Varan invested ₹ 21,000 in company B.

Question 13.
Find the annual dividend received from ₹ 25,000, 8% stock at ₹ 108.
Solution:
Amount invested = ₹ 25,000
Dividend = 8%
Assuming face value F.V. as ₹ 100
Annual income per share = \(\frac{\text { Dividend }}{100} \times \text { Face value }\)
= \(\frac{8}{100}\) × 100
= ₹ 8
Market value of the share M.V. = ₹ 108
Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9 Q13
Annual dividend on amount invested = Rate of return × amount invested
= \(\frac{7.4}{100}\) × 25,000
= ₹ 1850
∴ Annual dividend of ₹ 1,850 is received from 8% stock at ₹ 108.
Alternate approach
Assuming ₹ 25,000 as the total face value of all the shares.
Since the dividend is 8%,
Annual dividend = \(\frac{8}{100}\) × 25,000 = ₹ 2,000

Question 14.
A, B, and C enter into a partnership. A invests 3 times as much as B invests and B invests two-thirds of what ‘C’ invests. At the end of the year, the profit earned is ₹ 8,800. What is the share of ‘B’?
Solution:
Let ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’ be the amounts invested by A, B and C respectively.
Given that, A invests 3 times as much as B and B invests two third of what ‘C’ invests.
∴ a = 3b and b = \(\frac{2}{3}\)c
∴ \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{3}{1}\) and \(\frac{b}{c}=\frac{2}{3}\)
or \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{6}{2}\) and \(\frac{b}{c}=\frac{2}{3}\)
∴ a : b = 6 : 2 and b : c = 2 : 3
∴ a : b : c = 6 : 2 : 3
Given that profit earned = ₹ 8800
∴ Share of ‘B’ in profit = \(\frac{2}{11}\) × 8800 = ₹ 1600
∴ B’share in profit is ₹ 1600.

Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9

Question 15.
The ratio of investment of two partners Santa and Banta is 11 : 12 and the ratio of their profits is 2 : 3. If Santa invested the money for 8 months, then for how much time did Banta his money?
Solution:
Let ‘x’ be the time in months for which Banta invested his money
Santa and Banta invested their money in the ratio 11 : 12.
Santa invested his money for 8 months and the ratio of their profits is 2 : 3.
∴ 11 × 8 : 12 × x = 2 : 3
∴ \(\frac{88}{12 x}=\frac{2}{3}\)
∴ x = \(\frac{88 \times 3}{2 \times 12}\)
∴ x = 11
∴ Banta invested his money for 11 months.

Question 16.
Akash, Sameer, and Sid took a house on rent for one year for ₹ 16,236. They stayed together for 4 months and then Sid left the house. After 5 more months, Sameer also left the house. How much rent should each pay?
Solution:
Let ‘R’ be the rent per month to be paid to the landlord.
Given that, Sid left the house after 4 months
∴ Rent paid by Sid = \(\frac{R}{3}\) × 4 = \(\frac{4R}{3}\)
Sameer left the house after another 5 months,
∴ Rent paid by Sameer = \(\frac{R}{2}\) × 5 + \(\frac{R}{3}\) × 4
= R(\(\frac{5}{2}+\frac{4}{3}\))
= \(\frac{23R}{6}\)
Akash stayed in the house for the entire year.
∴ Rent paid by Akash = 3R + \(\frac{R}{2}\) × 5 + \(\frac{R}{3}\) × 4
= R(3 + \(\frac{5}{2}+\frac{4}{3}\))
= \(\frac{41R}{6}\)
∴ The rent paid by the three of them, over that period of one year must be in the proportion.
\(\frac{41 \mathrm{R}}{6}: \frac{23 \mathrm{R}}{6}: \frac{4 \mathrm{R}}{3}\)
i.e. in the proportion
41 : 23 : 8 …..(multiplying throughout by \(\frac{6}{R}\))
Let x be the constant of proportionality.
Rent to be paid by Akash = ₹ 41x
Rent to be paid by Sameer = ₹ 23x
and rent to be paid by Sid = ₹ 8x
The total rent for the house was ₹ 16236.
∴ 41x + 23x + 8x = ₹ 16236
∴ 72x = 16236
∴ x = 225.5
∴ Akash should pay 41x = 41 × 225.5 = ₹ 9245.5
Sameer should pay 23x = 23 × 225.5 = ₹ 5186.5
and Sid should pay 8x = 8 × 225.5 = ₹ 1804

Maharashtra Board 11th Commerce Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Commercial Mathematics Miscellaneous Exercise 9

Question 17.
Ashwin Auto Automobiles sold 10 motorcycles. Total sales amount was ₹ 6,80,000. 18% GST is applicable. Calculate how much CGST and SGST the firm has to pay.
Solution:
Given, total sales amount for Ashwin Automobiles was ₹ 6,80,000.
18% GST is applicable.
∴ GST payable = 18% of 6,80,000
= \(\frac{18}{100}\) × 6,80,000
= ₹ 1,22,400
Now CGST = SGST = 9%
= \(\frac{\text { GST payable }}{2}\)
= \(\frac{1,22,400}{2}\)
= ₹ 61,200
∴ CGST = SGST = ₹ 61,200

Question 18.
‘Sweet 16’ A ready made garments shop for Women’s garments, purchased stock for ₹ 4,00,000 and sold that stock for ₹ 5,50,000 (12% GST is applicable) Find,
(i) Input Tax Credit
(ii) CGST and SGST paid by the firm.
Solution:
Given that, stock purchased by ‘Sweet 16’ was worth ₹ 4,00,000
GST applicable is 12%.
∴ Input tax = 12% of 4,00,000
= \(\frac{12}{100}\) × 4,00,000
= ₹ 48,000
∴ Input tax Credit (ITC) = ₹ 48,000
The garment stock was sold for ₹ 5,50,000
Output tax = 12% of 5,50,000
= \(\frac{12}{100}\) × 5,50,000
= ₹ 66,000
∴ GST payable = output tax – ITC
= 66,000 – 48,000
= ₹ 18,000
∴ CGST = SGST = \(\frac{\text { GST payable }}{2}\) = ₹ 9,000

Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.3 E-mails

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 3.3 E-mails Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.3 E-mails

11th English Digest Chapter 3.3 E-mails Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
There are different kinds of communication. Write some of them to complete the given boxes. Discuss the importance of each one of them with your partner.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.3 E-mails 1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.3 E-mails 2

Maharashtra Board Solutions

Question 2.
Dos and Don’ts for Email Etiquettes. Discuss and add one or two Dos and Don’ts on your own”.
Answer:

DosDon’ts
1. Have a clear subject line.Don’t forget your signature.
2. Use a professional salutation.Don’t use humour and sarcasm.
3. Recheck your e-mail.Don’t assume the recipient knows what you are talking about.
4. Keep private material confidential.Don’t punctuate poorly.
5. Keep your email short and flawless. Stay concise.Don’t hit ‘Reply AH’.
6. Check your attachments before sending.Don’t think that no one but the intended recipient will see your email. (No predictions)
7. Include your name or a signature with additional details and contact information.Don’t forward email without permission.
8. Make use of ‘Bcc’ to e-mail a team.Don’t make use of emoticons while sending professional e-mails.
9. Make sure to send a reply to all e-mails received.Avoid replying while you are in an angry or unpleasant mood.

(A1)

Question 1.
Write an e-mail to your friend who has not contacted you for a long time. Use the hints/language support from the text to compose your e-mail.
Answer:
To: [email protected]
Subject:
Dear /(Name),

How have you been? It has been a while since we last had a conversation. If I am not wrong, it has been more than a year or two. I hope things are going well with you.

I was going through some old albums that I found yesterday while cleaning the cupboard. I also came across a photo, which we had taken with the monkeys. I clearly picturised the scene of the past days when my uncle made the two of us sit between the monkeys. Oh how frightened were we!

My nostalgic trip made me wonder what are you upto. I remember the last time when you e-mailed me you told me about the job markets declining in New Zealand. Let me know if everything is well at your end.

I have attached some pictures; have a look. I will be waiting to hear back from you.

All the best and take care.
(Name)

Maharashtra Board Solutions

(A2)

Question (i)
Browse through the net and find out various types of emails and their formats.
Answer:
[Students are expected to attempt this question on their own.]

Question (ii)
Create your email account on any one of the email service providers (gmail, yahoo, rediff) and send at least 3/4 emails to your contacts.
Answer:
[Students are expected to attempt this question on their own.]

(A3)

Question 1.
Prepare a CV/Resume of your own.
Answer:
(FULL NAME)
Address: ( )
Contact: +91 ; E-mail: ( )
Nationality: Indian; Date of Birth:
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT/SECRETARY

Profile

  • Result-driven professional with two years of experience in administrative support.
  • Expertise in managing operational needs, reporting, communicating status updates, travel booking, etc.
  • Strong exposure of working in a team for promoting smooth operations of the organization.
  • Excellent written and verbal communication with interpersonal skills.
  • Exceptionally well organized, self-motivated, committed and perpetual inclination to learn.

Key Skills

  • Administration skills
  • Record management
  • Report generation
  • Communication skills
  • Time Management

Work Experience

XXX Pvt. Ltd.
SINCE DEC 2017
Secretary

  • Responsible for maintaining day-to-day operations and maintaining daily checklists.
  • Answering or referring queries.
  • Maintaining documents, presentations, spreadsheets, databases, etc.
  • Maintaining confidential files, preparing reports, etc.
  • Arranging appointments, meetings, conferences, travel, etc.

Education

  • Bachelor of Commerce, XYZ University
  • Certificate course on Secretarial Practice
  • Computer skills: MS Office Suite (Word, Excel, Powerpoint)

Languages known: English, Hindi and Marathi

Maharashtra Board Solutions

Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 3.3 E-mails Additional Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The State Government of Maharashtra has decided to take strict measures on the hawkers’s encroachment on roads. Draft an e-mail to the editor of a local daily expressing your concern for the jobless hawkers.
Answer:
To:
Subject: Hawker’s dilemma

Dear Madam,
This is to bring to your notice the strict measures that has been taken by the Deputy Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai against the hawkers encroaching on roads of Mumbai.

The President of the hawkers’ union has said that due to Municipal action, many hawkers have become jobless and are likely to indulge in criminal activities. As citizens of Mumbai, we are fed up with the hawkers’ encroachment on roads. But there is some point in what the hawkers’ president says.

Our authorities should provide alternative accommodation to the hawkers. If after providing accommodation, the hawkers occupy the footpaths, they should be punished.

As a concerned citizen, I appeal to the Municipal Commissioner, through your daily, to give the matter a second thought.
Thanks and Regards,
XYZ
982XXXXXXX

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

1. Answer the Following:

Question 1.
The data entry operator wants to insert.
1. Photograph
2. Write remarks about the photograph
3. Underline the heading.
He will use:
1. <Image>
2. <Text>
3. <TextArea>
4. <Img>
5. <UL>
6. <U>
Select the correct tags from the above and arrange them in the sequence.
Answer:
1. Photograph – <Img>
2. Write remarks about the photograph – <TextArea>
3. Underline the heading – <U>

Question 2.
Identify the logical operators in JavaScript.
1. OR
2. AND
3. ||
4. &
5. &&
6. ++
Answer:
| |, &&

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

2. Complete the following Activity:

Question 1.
State at least three attributes of <Input>
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q1.1

Question 2.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q2
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q2.1

Question 3.
Group the Following.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q3
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q3.1
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q3.2

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

Question 4.
Write operator names with symbols in boxes.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q4
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q4.1

Question 5.
Complete following program to display multiplication of 6.40 and 300.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title> Series </title></head>
<body>
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q5
</html>
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title> Series </title></head>
<body>
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q5.1
</html>

3. Find out errors if any in the following javascript code.

Question 1.
var length, breadth;
length=4.5;
breadth=6;
area=1/2*length*breadth;
document.write(“Area of triangle is”area);
Answer:
Concatenate Operator ‘+’ is missing
document. write(“Area of triangle is” [+] area);

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

4. Solve the following puzzles.

Question A.
Fill the blocks
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 4 Q1
1) Across
2. The tag is used to create a table row.
4. Tag to create a form

2) Down
1. The attribute is used to specify the path of a linked document.
3. The tag used to display horizontal ruled line
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 4 Q1.1
Across
2. <tr>
4. <form>
Down
1. href
3. <hr>

Question B.
Solve the puzzle by finding words with the help of the hint given below.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 4 Q2
1. Boolean value.
2. Keyword used in conditional if statement.
3. Built-In function in JavaScript
4. Function to check given value is number or not
5. Keyword used to declare a variable
6. Function used to evaluate given expression
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 4 Q2.1
1. False
2. if
3. confirm
4. nan
5. var
6. False

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

5. Trace the output of the following Html code.

Question 1.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Heading tags</title></head>
<body>
<h1 align=left>Information Technology</h1>
<hr>
<h2 align=center>XI Standard</h2>
<h3 align=right>Division</h3>
</body>
</html>
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 5 Q1

6. Discuss the following and answer the questions.

Question 1.
A Jr. web designer wants to design a webpage to enter the employee’s name, address. He needs a button to clear the form content and submit the data.
Write the different controls he will use to create the web page.
State the tags to be used for the controls.
Answer:
A Junior Web designer will use the following controls to design web as follows:
1. Text – to create a single-line textbox for employee name
2. Text or Textarea – If he wants to create a single-line address the text control is used otherwise to create a multiline address textarea is used.
3. Submit – It is used to submit form data to the server.
4. Reset – It is used to clear form data.

Tags used for the controls are-
1. Employee Name :<Input type-”text”>
2. Address :<Input type=”text”> or
Address: <textarea rows=”4” cols-”30”><textarea>
3. <Input type=”submit” value=”submit”>
4. <Input type-”reset” value=”reset”>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

Question 2.
A teacher has asked a student to create a web page to accept numbers and check whether it is between 50 to 100.
List the variable, operators to be used.
Specify the built-in function used and structure used.
Answer:
Program:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<script language =”Javascript”>
//To check whether the given no is between 50 to 100
var n;
n=prompt(“Enter any number”);
if(n<50 | | n>100)
{
alert(“it is less than 50, Please Re-Enter”);
}
else
{
alert(“it is greater than 50. Please Re-Enter”);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Variables used ‘n’
Operators used Not is equals | | less then < grater then > etc
Function is Prompt(), Alert() if then Else

7. Create web pages for the following.

Question 1.
Write a program using HTML to design your class Time Table.
Answer:
Program <!Doctype Html>
<html>
<head><title> Time Table of Class XI</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=yellow>
<h2>Time Table of Class XI</h2>
<table border=”2” bgcolor=skyblue>
<tr>
<th>Period No</th>
<th>Monday</th>
<th>Tuesday</th>
<th>Wednesday</th>
<th>Thursday</th>
<th>Friday</th>
<th>Saturday</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>IT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>IT</td>
<td>IT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan=”7”>”L U N C H_B R E A K”</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Organization of Commerce</td>
<td>Secretarial Practice</td>
<td>EVS</td>
<td>IT</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>Secretarial Practice</td>
<td>EVS</td>
<td>EVS</td>
<td>IT</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>English</td>
<tr>
<th colspan=”7”>”S H O R T_B R E A K”</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td>Organization of Commerce</td>
<td>Secretarial Practice</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>IT</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 7 Q1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

Question 2.
Write a program using HTML to create a form and submit it with personal data like name, address, and standard.
Answer:
Program:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title> Form</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=”#FF0100”>
<h1>Personal Data</h1><br><br><br>
Name :<input type=text name=t1><br><br>
Address:<Textarea> Address Here </textarea><p><br>
Class XI <input type=radio name=c1 value=xi>
Class XII <input type=radio name=c1 value=xii><br>
<input type=Submit name=b1 value=Submit>
<input type=reset name=b2 value=Reset>
</body>
</html>

Output:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 7 Q2

Question 3.
Write a javascript program to accept two numbers and perform the addition of two numbers by using the mouseover event.
Answer:
<html>
<head>
<title> JavaScript Program </title>
<script language = “JavaScript”>
function iload()
{
var c=0
a=parseInt(prompt(“Enter 1st no.”));
b=parseInt(prompt(“Enter 2nd no.”));
c=a+b
document.write(“Addition is”+c);
}
</script>
</head>
<body><center><br><br><br><br><br>
<a onMouseover=”iload();”>Addition</a></center>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 7 Q3
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 7 Q3.1

8. Complete the following.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 8 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 8 Q1.1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

9. Write HTML Code for the following table.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 9 Q1
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>Html Program </title>
</head>
<BODY>
<table border=”1”>
<tr bgcolor=pink>
<th>Place</th>
<th>State</td>
<th>Max <br>Temperature <br>in C</th>
</tr>
<tr align=center bgcolor=skyblue>
<td>Wardha</td>
<th rowspan=”2”>Maharashtra</th>
<td>47.5</td>
</tr>
<tr align=center bgcolor=skyblue>
<td>Akola</td><td>46.4</td>
</tr>
<tr align=center bgcolor=skyblue>
<td>Khajuraho</td>
<th rowspan=”2”>Madhya Pradesh</th>
<td>46.4</td>
</tr>
<tr align=center bgcolor=skyblue>
<td>Sagar</td><td>46.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 9 Q1.1

10. Multiple choice one correct answer.

Question 1.
The default method of submitting form data is __________
(a) Post
(b) Get
(c) Submit
(d) Reset
Answer:
(b) Get

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

Question 2.
In JavaScript the post increment operator is __________
(a) x++
(b) x–
(c) –x
(d) ++x
Answer:
(a) x++

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

1A. Select the correct answer from the options given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
A financial market is a market in which people trade _____________ and derivatives at low transaction costs.
(a) Gold
(b) Financial securities
(c) Commodities
Answer:
(b) Financial securities

Question 2.
When the trade bills are accepted by commercial banks it is known as _____________
(a) Treasury bills
(b) Commercial bills
(c) Commercial papers
Answer:
(b) Commercial bills

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

Question 3.
Money market is a market for lending and borrowing of funds for _____________ term.
(a) short
(b) medium
(c) long
Answer:
(a) short

Question 4.
Central Government is a borrower in the money market through the issue of _____________
(a) Commercial Papers
(b) Trade Bills
(c) Treasury Bills
Answer:
(c) Treasury Bills

Question 5.
_____________ is the market for borrowing and lending long term capital required by business enterprises.
(a) Money Market
(b) Capital Market
(c) Gold Market
Answer:
(b) Capital Market

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

1B. Match the pairs.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’Group ‘B’
(a) Financial Market(1) Long term fund
(b) Money Market(2) New issue market
(c) Primary Market(3) Trading of commodities
(d) Commercial paper(4) Short term fund
(e) Capital Market(5) Trading of financial securities
(6) Share market
(7) Unsecured promissory note
(8) Secured promissory note

Answer:

Group ‘A’Group ‘B’
(a) Financial Market(5) Trading of financial securities
(b) Money Market(4) Short term fund
(c) Primary Market(2) New issue market
(d) Commercial paper(7) Unsecured promissory note
(e) Capital Market(1) Long term fund

1C. Write a word or term or a phrase that can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
A market where people trade financial securities and derivatives at low transaction costs.
Answer:
Financial Market

Question 2.
A market that provides long-term funds.
Answer:
Capital Market

Question 3.
A market that provides short-term funds.
Answer:
Money Market

Question 4.
A money market instrument is used by banks when one bank faces a temporary shortage of cash.
Answer:
Call Money

Question 5.
A bill is issued by the Reserve Bank of India on behalf of the Government of India.
Answer:
Treasury Bill

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

Question 6.
A market that exclusively deals with the new issue of securities.
Answer:
Primary Market

1D. State whether the following statements are True or False.

Question 1.
A Financial Market is a market in which people trade financial securities and derivatives at high transaction costs.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
The money market is the market for long-term funds.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
The capital market is the market for long-term funds.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
The primary market is also known as the new issue market.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
The secondary market is commonly known as the stock market.
Answer:
True

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

Question 6.
Commercial paper is a secured promissory note.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
Treasury bills are issued by commercial banks.
Answer:
False

1E. Find the odd one.

Question 1.
Treasury Bills, Shares, Certificate of Deposit.
Answer:
Shares

Question 2.
FPO, Private Placement, Commercial paper.
Answer:
commercial paper

Question 3.
New Issues Market, Call Money Market, Secondary Market.
Answer:
call money market

1F. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
Funds borrowed and lent in money market are for _____________ term.
Answer:
short

Question 2.
When trade bills are accepted by commercial banks, it is known as _____________
Answer:
Trade Bill

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

Question 3.
Unsecured negotiable promissory notes issued by a commercial bank is called as _____________
Answer:
certificate of deposit

Question 4.
New shares, debentures, etc. are traded in _____________ market.
Answer:
primary

Question 5.
In capital market the instruments traded have maturity period of more than _____________ year.
Answer:
one

1G. Select the correct option from the bracket.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’Group ‘B’
(a) Money Market(1) …………………..
(b) Zero risk instrument(2) …………………..
(c) ………………….(3) Capital Market
(d) …………………(4) Secondary Market

(Buying and selling of existing securities, Treasury Bills, Funds for long term, Fund for short term)
Answer:

Group ‘A’Group ‘B’
(a) Money Market(1) Fund for short term
(b) Zero risk instrument(2) Treasury bills
(c) Fund for long terms(3) Capital Market
(d) Buying and selling of existing securities(4) Secondary Market

1H. Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What is the financial market?
Answer:
A financial market is a market where financial securities are exchanged. It acts as an intermediary between investors and borrowers.

Question 2.
What is call a money market?
Answer:
The call money market is a market where funds are borrowed or lent for a very short period of 2 days to 14 days.

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

Question 3.
What is a Certificate of deposit?
Answer:
They are the negotiable term deposit certificates issued by commercial banks and financial institutions to build short-term finance.

Question 4.
What is a Trade bill?
Answer:
The seller draws a bill and the buyer accepts it, on acceptance, the bill becomes a marketable instrument called a Trade bill.

Question 5.
What is the new issue market?
Answer:
The market which is utilized to build fresh capital is called as ‘new issue market.’

1I. Correct the underlined word/s and rewrite the following sentences.

Question 1.
In the Primary market, already existing securities are traded.
Answer:
In the Secondary market, already existing securities are traded.

Question 2.
Companies sell fresh shares for the first time to the public in the secondary market.
Answer:
Companies sell fresh shares for the first time to the public in the Primary market.

Question 3.
In the Money market, the instruments traded have a maturity period of more than one year.
Answer:
In the Capital market, the instruments traded have a maturity period of more than one year.

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

Question 4.
The financial market can be classified as a capital market and call money market.
Answer:
The financial market can be classified as capital market and Money market.

2. Explain the following terms/concepts.

Question 1.
Financial Market
Answer:

  • Every business unit has to raise short-term as well as long-term funds to meet the working and fixed capital requirements.
  • In any economy, there are two different groups, one who invests money or lends money and the other who borrows or uses the money.
  • The financial market acts as a link between these two different groups.
  • The financial market provides a place or a system through which the transfer of funds by investors to the business units is adequately facilitated.
  • A financial market consists of two major segments:
    • Money Market
    • Capital Market
  • Money market deals in short-term credit and the capital market deals in medium-term and long-term credit.

Question 2.
Capital Market
Answer:

  • It is a market for borrowing and lending long-term capital required by business enterprises.
  • The financial assets dealt with in a capital market have a long or indefinite maturity period.
  • The capital market forms an important core of a country’s financial system.

Definition:
G.H. Peters defines, “Capital Market as being the market or collection of inter-related markets in which potential borrowers are brought into contact with potential lenders.”

Question 3.
Money Market
Answer:

  • A market where short-term funds are borrowed and lent is called ‘money market7. It is a market for financial assets that are close substitutes for money.
  • The instruments dealt within the market are liquid and can be converted quickly into cash at a low transaction cost.

Definition:
According to the Reserve Bank of India, “The money market is the center for dealings mainly of short-term characters in money assets; it needs the short-term requirements of borrowers and provides liquidity or cash to the lenders. It is a place where short-term surplus investible funds at the disposal of financial, institutions or individuals are bid by borrower’s agents comprising institutions and individuals and also by the government itself.”

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

Question 4.
Call Money Market
Answer:

  • Call money and Notice money market is an important segment of the money market in India. Under Call money, funds are lent or borrowed for very short periods i.e. one day.
  • Under Notice money, funds are lent or borrowed for periods between 2 days to 14 days. Funds have to be repaid within a specified time on the receipt of the notice given by the lender.
  • When one bank faces a temporary shortage of cash, then another bank with surplus cash lends money to it. Hence, the Call/Notice money market is also called as interbank Call money market.

Question 5.
Treasury Bills
Answer:

  • Treasury Bills are short-term securities issued by the Reserve Bank of India on behalf of the Central Government of India to meet the government’s short-term funds requirement.
  • Treasury Bills have three maturity periods – 91 days, 182 days, and 364 days. These bills are sold to banks and individuals, firms, institutions, etc. These bills are negotiable instruments and are freely transferable.
  • The minimum value of T-bills is Rs. 25,000 or in multiples of Rs. 25000. These are issued at a discount and repaid at par and hence they are also called Zero-Coupon Bonds.

Question 6.
Commercial Bills
Answer:
Trade Bills/Commercial Bills:

  • Bill of Exchange also called Trade bills are negotiable instruments or bills drawn by a seller on the buyer for the value of goods sold under credit sales.
  • These have a short-term maturity period, generally of 90 days, and can be easily transferred.
  • If the seller wants immediate cash, he can discount the trade bills with Commercial banks.

Question 7.
Repurchase agreement
Answer:
It is an agreement where the seller of security (i.e. one who needs money) agrees to buy it back from the lender at a higher price on a future date. Usually, this agreement is between RBI and commercial banks. RBI uses this agreement to control the money supply in the economy. These agreements are the most liquid of all money market investments having maturity ranging from 24 hours to several months.

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

Question 8.
Primary Market
Answer:

  • It is a component of the financial market where short-term borrowing takes place.
  • In the money market, the instruments are traded for not more than one year.

Question 9.
Secondary Market
Answer:

  • The securities issued earlier are traded in the secondary market.
  • It is the market where existing securities are resold or traded.
  • Only listed securities can be dealt with in the secondary market.

3. Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.

1. Joy Ltd. Company is a newly incorporated company. It wants to raise capital for the first time by issuing equity shares.

Question (a).
Should d go to primary market or secondary market to issue its shares?
Answer:
Joy Ltd. should go to the primary market to issue equity shares in the market. Primary Market is mainly dealing with fresh issues of securities.

Question (b).
Should it offer its shares through public offer or rights issue?
Answer:
Joy Ltd. should offer its shares through public offer (IPO) as Joy Ltd. Company is going to its securities first time.

Question (c).
What will be the issue of Equity shares by Joy Ltd. Company called IPO or FPO?
Answer:
When Joy Ltd. issued its securities first time then it is called as IPO at the same time if Joy Ltd. offered securities for the second, third, or fourth time it is called a follow on public offering (EPO)

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

2. Mr. X is the CFO (Chief Financial Officer) of PQR Co. Ltd. which is a reputed company in the field of construction business. Often Mr. X has to decide on investing surplus funds of the company for short durations. And at times, he also has to decide the sources from where he can raise funds for short durations.

Question (a).
Assume on behalf of the company Mr. X has Rs. 5 lakhs and wants to invest for a short period. Should he buy Equity shares of Certificate of Deposit?
Answer:
As Mr. X wants to invest for a short period with the amount of Rs. 5 lakhs, then he should buy a certificate of deposit.

Question (b).
The company has surplus funds and wants to invest it. However, he needs the money back in 4 months, so should he invest in Treasury Bills or Government Securities?
Answer:
If he needs money back in 4 months, then he should invest in Treasury bills with the option of 91 days Maturity.

Question (c).
Can the company issue Certificate of Deposit?
Answer:
PQR Company Ltd. is a construction company. Hence it cannot issue a certificate of deposit as it can be issued by commercial banks and financial institutions only.

4. Distinguish between the following.

Question 1.
Primary Market and Secondary Market
Answer:

PointsPrimary MarketSecondary Market
1. MeaningThe market is utilized for raising fresh capital in the form of shares and debentures.It is a market where existing securities are resold or traded.
2. FunctionThe function is to raise long-term funds through fresh issues of securities.The function is to provide a continuous and ready market for existing long-term securities.
3. ParticipantsThe participants are financial institutions, mutual funds, underwriters, individual investors.The participants of the primary market are the stockbrokers and the members of the stock exchange.
4. Listing RequirementsListing is not required in the case of the primary market.Only listed securities can be dealt with in the secondary market.
5. Determinants of PricesThe prices are determined by the management of the corporate house with due compliances with the SEBI requirements for the new issues of securities.In the case of the secondary market, the price is determined by forces of demand and supply of the market and it keeps on fluctuating.
6. Issue of ProspectusThe prospectus is issued to invite the public to subscribe to the issue of shares.The prospectus is not issued to the public.
7. Relation with investorsDirect contact with the investors at large is established by the companies.There may not be direct contact with the investors who want to buy or sell the existing securities.

Question 2.
Money Market and Capital Market
Answer:

PointsMoney MarketCapital Market
1. MeaningA market where short-term funds are borrowed and lent.A market for borrowing and lending long-term capital is required by the business enterprises.
2. Term of FinanceIt provides short-term funds in short-term instruments where the maturity is measured in days, weeks, or months.It is a market for long-term instruments which is measured in years.
3. InstrumentsThe instruments dealt in the market are bills of exchange, treasury bills, bankers’ acceptance, etc.The instruments dealt in this market are bonds, debentures, equity shares, and stock.
4. FunctionsMoney Market exists as a mechanism of liquidity adjustment i.e. a link between depositors and borrowers.Capital Market functions as a link between investors and entrepreneurs.
5. RiskThe prices of these instruments do not fluctuate and they carry very low market risk.The instruments are long-term and subject to market fluctuations and so, they carry very high financial and market risk.
6. InstitutionCommercial banks are important institutions in the money market.The stock exchange is an important institution in the capital market.

5. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
State any four functions of the financial market.
Answer:
Functions of financial market:
(i) Capital formation:

  • Capital is the main part of the functioning of the business.
  • The capital market provides a channel through which savings flow to organizations in the form of capital.
  • This leads to capital formation.

(ii) Transfer of Resources:

  • The financial market is one of the key sources of transfer of resources.
  • The financial market facilitates the transfer of real economic resources from lenders to ultimate users.

(iii) Mobilization of funds:

  • Investors that have savings must be linked with corporate that require investment.
  • The financial market enables the investors to invest their saving according to their choices and risk assessment.
  • This will utilize funds and the economy will boom.

(iv) Price determination:

  • The financial instruments traded in a financial market get their prices from the mechanism of demand and supply.
  • The interaction between demand and supply will help to determine the prices.

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

Question 2.
State any four features of the money market.
Answer:
The features of the money market are as follows:
(i) No Fixed Place for Trading of Securities/Shares:
In the money market, there is no definite place to carry out lending and borrowing operations of securities or shares.

(ii) Involvement of Brokers:

  • Dealings in such a market can be conducted with or without the participation of brokers.
  • Companies, banks, etc. may directly deal in the money market.

(iii) Financial Assets:
The financial assets that are dealt in the money market are close substitutes for money as these assets can be easily converted into cash without any loss in value.

(iv) Organisations Involved:
The main organizations dealing in the money market in India are the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), State governments, banks, corporate investors, etc.

Question 3.
State any four features of the capital market.
Answer:
Following are the main features of the capital market:

  • The link between investors and borrowers: The capital market links investors with the borrowers of funds. It routes money from savers to entrepreneurial borrowers.
  • Deals in medium and Long-term investment: A capital market is a market where medium and long-term financial instruments are traded. Through this market corporate, industrial organizations, financial institutions access long-term funds from both, domestic and foreign markets.
  • Presence of Intermediaries: The capital market operates with the help of intermediaries like brokers, underwriters, merchant bankers, collection bankers, etc. These intermediaries are important elements of a capital market.
  • Promotes capital formation: The capital market provides a platform for investors and borrowers of long-term funds to trade. This leads to capital formation in an economy as it mobilizes funds.

Question 4.
Explain any 4 types of money market instruments.
Answer:
Instruments of Money Market:
(i) Commercial Paper:

  • Commercial papers were first issued in the Indian money market in 1990.
  • They are unsecured debt instruments.
  • They are issued only by companies with strong credit ratings. They are issued at a discount rate. They are in the form of promissory notes.
  • They are negotiable instruments i.e. they are freely transferable by endorsement and delivery.
  • They are issued for a period of 15 days to 1 year.

(ii) Commercial Bills:

  • When the goods are sold on credit, the buyer becomes liable to make payment on a specific date in the future.
  • The seller draws a bill and the buyer accepts it. On acceptance, the bill becomes a marketable instrument called a Trade Bill.
  • When a Trade Bill is accepted by a commercial bank, it is known as a commercial bill.
  • They are in the form of negotiable instruments.
  • They are usually issued for a period of 90 days. But this period can vary between 30 to 90 days.
  • The liquidity of this bill is very high.
  • It is the most common method to meet the credit needs of trade and industry.

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

(iii) Certificate of Deposits:

  • Certificate of Deposits was first introduced to the money market of India in 1989.
  • They are issued by commercial banks or financial institutions at discount, at par, or at market rate.
  • They are in the form of promissory notes and stamp duty is applicable on the instrument.
  • The maturity periods of this instrument are from 15 days to 1 year.
  • The subscribers for certificates of deposits are individuals, associations, companies, trusts, etc.
  • They are freely transferable by endorsement and delivery after a lock-in period of a minimum of 15 days.

(iv) Treasury Bills:

  • Issue/Use of Treasury Bills was started by the Indian government in 1917.
  • This instrument is issued by the government to institutions or the public to bridge the gap between receipts and expenditure.
  • It is issued by the government on a discount for a fixed period not exceeding 1 year.
  • These bills are in the nature of promissory notes containing a promise to pay the amount stated to the bearer of the instrument.
  • The maturity period of this bill is 182 days.
  • These bills enjoy a high degree of liquidity.

6. Justify the following statements.

Question 1.
Financial Markets act as a link between investor and borrower.
Answer:

  • The financial market is the market that brings together borrowers and lenders.
  • The financial market attracts fund from investors by offering them a variety of schemes and then collected fund is diverted into the business organizations.
  • People having surplus cash invested into financial market securities, the financial market provides finance than to businesses.
  • Similarly, when the financial market generates income from investments in business, it shares with the investor.
  • Thus, it is a valuable link between borrower and lender.

Question 2.
Money Market makes available short-term finance through different instruments.
Answer:

  • The money market is the market that provides short-term loans to businesses and governments.
  • The loan period ranging from one day to one year.
  • Call money and notice money provide finance for periods between 2 days to 14 days.
  • Treasury Bills offer finance to the government for 91 days, 182 days, 364 days. Trade Bill or commercial bills offer finance up to 90 days.
  • Commercial paper offers finance to the business organization from 7 days to 1 year. Money Market Mutual Fund offers finance for a maximum period of 1 year.
  • Hence, the money market makes available short-term finance through different instruments.

Question 3.
Capital Market is useful for the corporate sector.
Answer:

  • Capital Market is the market that provides loans for long-term periods. It is controlled by SEBI.
  • It uses shares, debenture bonds, Mutual funds.
  • The corporate sector issues these securities in the market and attracts saving from investors by offering them a variety of schemes. These savings become capital and get invested in the business.
  • It is helpful to develop the corporate and industrial sectors.
  • Thus, the capital market is useful for the corporate sector.

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

Question 4.
There are many participants in the money market.
Answer:
Some important participants in the money market are:
(i) Reserve Bank of India:
It is the most important participant in the money market. Through the money market, RBI regulates the money supply and implements its monetary policy. It issues government securities on behalf of the government and also underwrites them. It acts as an intermediary and regulator of the market.

(ii) Central and State Government:
Central Government is a borrower in the Money Market, through the issue of Treasury Bills (T-Bills). The T-Bills are issued through the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The T-Bills represent zero risk instruments. Due to its risk-free nature banks, corporate, etc. buy the T-Bills and lend to the government as a part of its short-term borrowing program. The state government issues bonds called State Development Loans.

(iii) Public Sector Undertakings (PSU):
Many listed government companies can issue commercial paper in order to obtain their working capital.

(iv) Scheduled Commercial Banks:
Scheduled commercial banks are very big borrowers and lenders in the money market. They borrow and lend in the call money market, short notice market, Repo and Reverse Repo market.

(v) Insurance Companies:
Both the general and life insurance companies are usual lenders in the money market. They invest more in capital market instruments. Their role in the money market is limited.

(vi) Mutual Funds:
Mutual Funds offer varieties of schemes for the different investment objectives of the public. Mutual funds schemes are liquid schemes. These schemes have the investment objective of investing in money market instruments.

(vii) Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFCs): NBFCs use their surplus funds to invest in government securities, bonds, etc. (Example of NBFC – Unit Trust of India)

(viii) Corporates:
Corporates borrow by issuing commercial papers which are nothing but short-term promissory notes. They are the lender to the banks when they buy the certificate of deposit issued by the banks.

(ix) Primary Dealers:
Their main role is to promote transactions in government securities. They buy as well as underwrite the government securities.

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

7. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Explain the functions of the financial market.
Answer:
Financial Market – Meaning:

  • A financial market is an institution, that facilitates the exchange of financial instruments including deposits, loans, corporate stocks, bonds, etc.
  • The financial market provides a place through which the transfer of funds by investors to the business is adequately facilitated.
  • Financial Markets attract funds from investors and channelizes them to corporations.
  • The financial market consists of money and capital markets. They help to raise short and long-term capital.

Functions of Financial Market:
(i) Capital formation:

  • Capital is the main part of the functioning of the business.
  • The capital market provides a channel through which savings flow to organizations in the form of capital.
  • This leads to capital formation.

(ii) Transfer of Resources:

  • The financial market is one of the key sources of transfer of resources.
  • The financial market facilitates the transfer of real economic resources from lenders to ultimate users.

(iii) Mobilization of funds:

  • Investors that have savings must be linked with corporates that require investment.
  • The financial market enables investors to invest their savings according to their choices and risk assessment.
  • This will utilize funds and the economy will boom.

(iv) Price determination:

  • The financial instruments traded in a financial market get their prices from the mechanism of demand and supply.
  • The interaction between demand and supply will help to determine the prices.

(v) Productive usage:

  • Financial Market allow productive use of the fund.
  • An excess fund of investors is used by the borrowers for productive purposes.

(vi) Enhancing Income:

  • The financial market allows lenders to earn interest or dividends on their surplus funds.
  • Thus, it helps in the enhancement of the individual and the national income.

(vii) Liquidity:

  • The financial market provides a mechanism through which liquidating of financial instruments take place.
  • Here, the investor can sell their financial instruments and convert them into cash.

(viii) Sale Mechanism:

  • Financial Market provides a mechanism for selling a financial instrument by investors.
  • It helps to offer the benefit of marketability and liquidity of such assets.

(ix) Easy access:

  • Both industries and investors need each other.
  • The financial market provides a platform where buyers and sellers can find each other easily.

(x) Industrial Development:
The financial market transforms saving into capital. Corporate use of funds of investors to undertakes productive or commercial activities leads to economic development.

Question 2.
State the instruments in the money market.
Answer:

  • The money market is a market for borrowing and lending of funds for the short term.
  • RBI is an apex body that controls the money market.
  • The short period of time varies from one day to one year.

Instruments of Money Market:
(i) Commercial Paper:

  • Commercial papers were first issued in the Indian money market in 1990.
  • They are unsecured debt instruments.
  • They can be, therefore, issued only by companies with strong credit ratings.
  • They are issued by corporate houses for raising short-term finance mainly to finance their working capital requirements.
  • They are issued at a discount rate. They are in the form of promissory notes.
  • They are negotiable instruments i.e. they are freely transferable by endorsement and delivery.
  • They are issued for a period of 15 days to 1 year.
  • Face value is in multiples of ‘5 lakhs.
  • The issuing company has to bear all expenses like dealer’s fees, agency fees, etc. related to the uses of the commercial paper.
  • The rate of interest varies greatly as it is influenced by various factors such as the economy, the credit rating of the instruments, etc.
  • The marketability of these instruments is influenced by the rates prevailing in the call market as well as the foreign exchange market.
  • It used to be 30 days and it is further reduced to 15 days w.e.f 25th May 1998.

(ii) Commercial Bills:

  • When the goods are sold on credit, the buyer becomes liable to make payment on a specific date in the future.
  • The seller draws a bill and the buyer accepts it. On acceptance, the bill becomes a marketable instrument called a Trade Bill.
  • When a Trade Bill is accepted by a commercial bank, it is known as a commercial bill.
  • The seller draws a bill and the buyer accepts it.
  • They are in the form of negotiable instruments.
  • They are usually issued for a period of 90 days. But this period can vary between 30 to 90 days.
  • The liquidity of this bill is very high.
  • It is the most common method to meet the credit needs of trade and industry.
  • The bank can rediscount the bills and are able to meet the short-term liquidity requirements.
  • The commercial bill lacks development in the money market due to lack of bill culture, high stamp duty, inadequate credit backing, absence of a secondary market, etc.

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

(iii) Certificate of Deposits:

  • Certificate of Deposits was first introduced to the money market of India in 1989.
  • They are negotiable term deposit certificates.
  • They are issued by commercial banks or financial institutions at discount, at par, or at market rate.
  • They are in the form of promissory notes and stamp duty is applicable on the instrument.
  • The maturity periods of this instrument are from 15 days to 1 year.
  • The subscribers for certificates of deposits are individuals, associations, companies, trusts, etc.
  • They are freely transferable by endorsement and delivery after a lock-in period of a minimum of 15 days.

(iv) Treasury Bills:

  • Issue/use of Treasury Bills was started by the Indian government in 1917.
  • This instrument is issued by the government to institutions or the public for raising short-term funds to bridge the gap between receipts and expenditure.
  • It is issued by the government on a discount for a fixed period not exceeding 1 year.
  • These bills are in the nature of promissory notes containing a promise to pay the amount stated to the bearer of the instrument.
  • The maturity period of this bill is 182 days.
  • These bills enjoy a high degree of liquidity.

(v) Government Securities:

  • The marketable debt issued by the government or by semi-government bodies represents a claim on the government in known as government securities.
  • These securities are issued by agencies such as central government, state government, local government such as municipalities, etc.
  • These government securities are in the form of stock certificates, promissory notes, and bearer bonds.
  • The liquidity is high for securities issued by the central government and limited for the state government and the local government.
  • These securities are safe investments as payment of interest and repayment of the principal amount is guaranteed by the government.
  • Rebates for investment in these securities are available under the Income Tax and other Acts.

(vi) Money Market Mutual Funds:

  • It is a mutual fund that invests solely in money market instruments.
  • These are issued by mutual fund organizations.
  • They are in the form of debt.
  • These mature in less than a year.
  • They are very liquid.
  • They are the safest and most secure of all mutual funds investments.
  • The assets in money market funds are invested in safe and stable instruments of investments issued by the government, banks, corporations, etc.
  • These mutual funds allow retail investors the opportunity of investing in money market instruments and benefit from the price advantage.

(vii) Repo Rate:

  • It is the repurchase rate which is also known as the official bank rate.
  • The repo rate is the discounted interest rate at which a central bank repurchases the government securities.
  • It is the transaction that is carried by the central bank with the commercial bank to reduce some of the short-term liquidity in the system.

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

Question 3.
State the features of the capital market.
Answer:
Meaning:

  • Capital markets provide medium and long-term loans to business enterprises.
  • SEBI is responsible to control the working of the capital market.
  • It attracts saving from people and form capital to the business.
  • It is dealing in shares, debentures, bonds, mutual funds, etc.

Features of Capital Market:
Following are the main features of the capital market:
(i) Link between investors and borrowers:
The capital market links investors with the borrowers of funds. It routes money from savers to entrepreneurial borrowers.

(ii) Deals in medium and Long-term investment: A capital market is a market where medium and long-term financial instruments are traded. Through this market corporate, industrial organizations, financial institutions access long-term funds from both, domestic and foreign markets.

(iii) Presence of Intermediaries:
The capital market operates with the help of intermediaries like brokers, underwriters, merchant bankers, collection bankers, etc. These intermediaries are important elements of a capital market.

(iv) Promotes capital formation:
The capital market provides a platform for investors and borrowers of long-term funds to trade. This leads to capital formation in an economy as it mobilizes funds.

(v) Regulated by government rules, regulations, and policies:
The capital market operates freely. However, it is regulated by government rules, regulations, and policies.
For e.g. SEBI is the regulator of Capital markets.

(vi) Deals in marketable and non-marketable securities:
Capital market traders in both, marketable and non-marketable securities. Marketable securities are securities that can be transferred, e.g. Shares, Debentures, etc. and non-marketable securities are those which cannot be transferred, e.g. Term Deposits, Loans, and Advances.

(vii) Variety of Investors:
The capital market has a wide variety of investors. It comprises both, individuals like the general public and institutional investors like Mutual Funds, Insurance companies, Financial Institutions, etc.

(viii) Risk:
Risk is very high here as the instruments have long maturity periods. However, the return on investments is very high.

(ix) Instruments in capital market:

  • Equity shares
  • Preference shares
  • Debentures
  • Bonds
  • Government securities
  • Public Deposits.

(x) Types of Capital Market:
Capital market is mainly classified as-
(i) Government Securities Market or Gilt-edged markets:
In this market, government and semi-government securities are traded.

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Financial Market

(ii) Industrial Securities Market:
In this market, industrial securities, i.e. shares and debentures of new or existing corporate are traded. This market is further divided into:

  • Primary or New issues Market – Here companies sell fresh shares, debentures, etc. for the first time to the public.
  • Secondary Market – Here already existing shares, debentures, etc. are traded through the Stock Exchanges.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Hindi Yuvakbharati 11th Digest Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

11th Hindi Digest Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ Textbook Questions and Answers

आकलन

1. लिखिए :

प्रश्न अ.
दावत में होने वाली अन्न की बरबादी पर उषा की प्रतिक्रिया –
उत्तर :
उषा की आँखों में आँसू आ गए।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

प्रश्न आ.
संवादों का उचित घटनाक्रम –
(i) “रुपये खर्च हो गए मालिक।”
(ii) “स्कूल नहीं जाता तू? अजीब है….!”
(iii) “अरे क्या हुआ ! जाता क्यों नहीं?”
(iv) “माँ, बाल-मजदूरी अपराध है न?’
उत्तर :
(i) “स्कूल नहीं जाता तू? अजीब है….!”
(ii) “माँ, बाल-मजदूरी अपराध है न?’
(iii) “अरे क्या हुआ ! जाता क्यों नहीं?”
(iv) “रुपये खर्च हो गए मालिक।”

शब्द संपदा

2.

प्रश्न अ.
समूह में से विसंगति दर्शानेवाला कृदंत/तद्धित शब्द चुनकर लिखिए –
(i) मानवता, हिंदुस्तानी, ईमानदारी, पढ़ाई
(ii) थकान, लिखावट, सरकारी, मुस्कुराहट
(iii) बुढ़ापा, पितृत्व, हँसी, आतिथ्य
(iv) कमाई, अच्छाई, सिलाई, चढ़ाई
उत्तर :
(i) पढ़ाई, (कृदंत शब्द)
(ii) सरकारी – (तद्धित शब्द)
(iii) हँसी – (कृदंत शब्द)
(iv) अच्छाई – (तद्धित शब्द)

प्रश्न आ.
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में आए हुए शब्दों के वचन परिवर्तन करके वाक्य फिर से लिखिए –

(i) पेड़ पर सुंदर फूल खिला है।
उत्तर :
पेड़ों पर सुंदर फूल खिले हैं।

(ii) कला के बारे में उनकी भावना उदात्त थी।
उत्तर :
कलाओं के बारे में उनकी भावनाएँ उदात्त थीं।

(iii) दीवारों पर टँगे हुए विशाल चित्र देखे।
उत्तर :
दीवार पर टँगा हुआ विशाल चित्र देखा।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

(iv) वे बहुत प्रसन्न हो जाते थे।
उत्तर :
वह बहुत प्रसन्न हो जाता था।

(v) हमारी-तुम्हारी तरह इनमें जड़ें नहीं होती।
उत्तर :
हमारी-तुम्हारी तरह इसमें जड़ नहीं होती।

उत्तर :
(vi) ये आदमी किसी भयानक वन की बात कर रहे थे।
उत्तर :
यह आदमी किसी भयानक वन की बात कर रहा था।

(vii) वह कोई बनावटी सतह की चीज है।
उत्तर :
वे कोई बनावटी सतह की चीजें हैं।

(इ) निम्नलिखित शब्दों का लिंग परिवर्तन करके प्रत्येक का वाक्य में प्रयोग कीजिए –
अध्यापक, रानी, नायिका, देवर, पंडित, यक्ष, बुद्धिमान, श्रीमती, दुखियारा, विद्वान

परिवर्तित शब्दवाक्य में प्रयोग
(1) ……………………………………….(1) ……………………………………….
(2) ……………………………………….(2) ……………………………………….
(3) ……………………………………….(3) ……………………………………….
(4) ……………………………………….(4) ……………………………………….
(5) ……………………………………….(5) ……………………………………….
(6) ……………………………………….(6) ……………………………………….
(7) ……………………………………….(7) ……………………………………….
(8) ……………………………………….(8) ……………………………………….
(9)  ……………………………………….(9) ……………………………………….
(10) ……………………………………….(10) ……………………………………….

उत्तर :

परिवर्तित शब्द वाक्य में प्रयोग
अध्यापिका मेरा सपना था कि एक दिन अध्यापिका बन जाऊँ।
राजा राजा प्रजाहित दक्ष था।
नायक वह उस चित्रपट का नायक था।
देवरानी देवरानी ने चूड़ियाँ पहनी।
पंडिताइन पंडिताइन मौसी ने मुझे पुकारा।
यक्षिनी यक्षिणी और अप्सराएँ विहार कर रही थीं।
बुद्धिमती वह एक बुद्धिमती नारी है।
श्रीमान आइए, श्रीमान जी थोड़ा आराम कीजिए।
दुखियारी बुढ़िया बेचारी दुखियारी लग रही है।
विदुषी उस विदुषी नारी ने सभा में तात्विक चर्चा की।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

अभिव्यक्ति
3.
प्रश्न अ.
‘अन्न बैंक की आवश्यकता’, इसपर अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर :
‘वित्त बैंक’, ‘ब्लड बैंक’ यह शब्द हम सुनते हैं किंतु ‘अन्न बैंक’ शब्द कभी सुना नहीं है। सचमुच ऐसा बैंक अगर खुल जाए तो गरीबों के जीवन में भूखा सोने की नौबत नहीं आएगी। आज अमीरों के घरों का बहुत सारा खाना कूड़े-कचरे के हवाले हो जाता है।

होटलों का, शादी-ब्याह में लोगों के प्लेटों का बचा-खुचा खाना अगर जरूरतमंदों को मिल जाए तो बेचारों की जिंदगी खुशी से भर जाएगी। अत: ‘अन्न बैंक’ खुलवाकर वहाँ अगर ऐसा अन्न दिया जाए तो इस अन्न को सुरक्षित रखने की व्यवस्था हो जाएगी और आवश्यकता के अनुसार यह अन्न गरीबों को दे दिया जाए तो देश की भूख की समस्या हल हो पाएगी।

प्रश्न आ.
‘शिक्षा से वंचित बालकों की समस्याएँ’, इस विषय पर अपना मत लिखिए।
उत्तर :
भारत सरकार ने सर्व शिक्षा अभियान के अंतर्गत 06 से 14 साल तक के बच्चों के लिए मुफ्त और अनिवार्य शिक्षा का कानून बनाया है। फिर भी आज तक अनेक बालक हशिये पर हैं। निरक्षरता सभी समस्याओं की नींव है। इसी कारण सरकार ने शिक्षा अभियान का प्रारंभ किया है।

बंजारे, आदिवासी, गड़रिया, भटकते मजदूरों की टोलियाँ इन लोगों के बच्चे शिक्षा से वंचित रहते हैं। झुग्गी-झोपड़ियों में रहनेवाले गरीबों के बच्चे भी पेट के पीछे दौड़ते स्कूल से वंचित रहते हैं। इन समस्याओं पर सरकार के साथ हम सबका योगदान भी आवश्यक है।

आज सरकार मुक्त विद्यालय की स्थापना कर चुकी है। जिसके माध्यम से नियमित स्कूल न जानेवाले बच्चे भी शिक्षा से जुड़े रह सकते हैं। हर पढ़े-लिखे व्यक्ति ने स्कूल से वंचित बच्चों को पढ़ाने के लिए दिल से प्रयास किया तो संभव है कि समस्या कुछ हद तक मिट पाएगी।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

पाठ पर आधारित लघूत्तरी प्रश्न

4.
प्रश्न अ.
‘उषा की दीपावली लघुकथा द्वारा प्राप्त संदेश लिखिए।
उत्तर :
‘उषा की दीपावली’ यह श्रीमती संतोष श्रीवास्तव जी द्वारा लिखित एक सुंदर मर्मस्पर्शी (heart touching) लघुकथा है।

इस पाठ की छोटी उषा एक संवेदनशील (sensitive) लड़की है। दीपावली के अवसर पर वह देखती है कि सफाई का काम करने वाला बबन ‘नरक चौदस’ पर जलाए हुए आटे के दीपक कूड़े-कचरे के डिब्बे में न फेंकते हुए अपनी जेब में रख रहा है। बबन इतना गरीब था कि ये दीपक सेंककर खाना चाहता था। ये आटे के दीप जिसे लोग कचरे में फेंकते हैं वे किसी का पेट भरने के भी काम आते हैं। यह सुनकर उषा को तकलीफ होती है।

शादी-ब्याह में लोग प्लेटों में जरूरत से ज्यादा खाना लेकर बाद में बचा हुआ खाना फेंकते हैं। यह दृश्य उषा को याद आया और उषा दीपावली के पकवान बबन को देकर सच्ची खुशी महसूस करती है। इस कहानी से अन्न की बरबादी टालकर बचा-खुचा अन्न गरीबों तक पहुँचाने का संदेश मिलता है। ‘देने की खुशी महसूस करने का अनोखा संदेश इस कहानी से मिलता है।

प्रश्न आ.
‘मुस्कुराती चोट’ शीर्षक की सार्थकता स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर :
‘मुस्कुराती चोट’ एक प्रेरणादायी लघुकथा है। इस कथा का बबलू अभाव में जीता है। ‘पिता की बीमारी’ माँ का संघर्ष देखकर खुद भी घर-घर जाकर रद्दी इकट्ठा करता है। किताबें न मिलने से उसकी पढ़ाई रुक गई है। बबूल एक दिन एक घर में रद्दी लेने के लिए जाता है तो उसकी बाल-मजदूरी पर बिना वजह उसके माँ-बाप को दोष देकर मालकिन ताने मारती है।

मालकिन की लड़की जब रद्दी की किताबें उसकी पढ़ाई के लिए मुफ्त में देना चाहती है, तब मालकिन विरोध करती है। किताबें लेकर वह पढ़ाई करेगा इस पर अविश्वास प्रकट करती है। ये बातें बबलू के मन को चोट पहुँचाती हैं। परंतु बाद में जब मालकिन को पता चलता है कि उन किताबों को रद्दी में बेचने के बजाय उसने खुद की पढ़ाई के लिए किताबें अलग रखी हैं तो उसे अपने अपशब्दों पर पछतावा होता है और वह बबलू की आगे की पढ़ाई का सारा खर्चा स्वयं उठाने का निश्चय करती है। इससे बबलू की चोट मुस्कुराहट में परिवर्तित होती है।

दिल की चोट अब खुशी में बदलती है। अत: सुखांत वाली इस लघुकथा को ‘मुस्कुराती चोट’ यह शीर्षक अत्यंत सार्थक लगता है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

साहित्य संबंधी सामान्य ज्ञान

5. जानकारी दीजिए:

प्रश्न अ.
संतोष श्रीवास्तव जी लिखित साहित्यिक विधाएँ –
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
उत्तर :
कहानी, उपन्यास, लघुकथा, ललित निबंध तथा यात्रा संस्मरण इन अनेक गद्य विधाओं में संतोष जी का संचार हुआ

प्रश्न आ.
अन्य लघुकथाकारों के नाम –
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
उत्तर :
डॉ. कमल किशोर गोयनका, डॉ. सतीश दुबे, संतोष सुपेकर, कमल चोपड़ा आदि।

Yuvakbharati Hindi 11th Textbook Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ Additional Important Questions and Answers

कृतिपत्रिका

(अ) निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

गद्यांश : आटे के दीपक कंपाउंड की मुंडेर पर जलकर ……………………………………….. आँसू छलक आए। (पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. 5)

प्रश्न 1.
संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए :
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ 1
उत्तर :
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ 2

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

उत्तर लिखिए :

प्रश्न 1.
उषा की आँखों के सामने दावतों में दिखाई देनेवाला यह दृश्य आया …………………………………………..
उत्तर :
जरा-सा ट्रॅगने वाले मेहमान भरी प्लेटें कचरे के हवाले करते हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
उषा ने बबन को यह दे दी …………………………………………..
उत्तर :
दीपावली के लिए बने पकवानों की थैली।

प्रश्न 4.
कोष्ठक में दिए गए शब्द उचित स्थान पर लिखिए : (दीपक, जेब, आँखें, पटाखा)
उत्तर :
पुल्लिंग शब्द – स्त्रीलिंग शब्द
दीपक – आँखें
पटाखा – जेब

प्रश्न 5.
‘शादी में अन्न की बरबादी’ इस विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर :
आज समाज में अमीर और गरीब के बीच एक बड़ी खाई है। आज-कल शादी मतलब बड़प्पन दिखाने का एक जरिया बन गया है। शादी में होने वाला खर्चा एक अलग चिंता का विषय है। बड़े लोग शादी में जो भोजन खिलाते हैं, उनमें इतनी विविधता होती है कि खाने वाला परेशान होता है कि क्या खाया जाए और क्या न खाया जाए। खड़खाना (बुफे पद्धति) आज काफी लोकप्रिय है।

इसमें लोग कतार में खड़े होने से बचने के लिए प्लेटों में एक ही बार ढेर सारा खाना ले लेते हैं। इतना ज्यादा खाना खा नहीं पाने से आखिर जूठा फेंका जाता है। यह सारा अन्न कूड़े-कचरे में जाकर बरबाद होता है। दूसरी ओर दिन-रात परिश्रम करके भी गरीबों को पेटभर खाना नसीब नहीं होता। एक वक्त की रोटी पाने के लिए वे तरसते हैं। यह बरबाद होने वाला अन्न गरीबों तक पहुँचाने की सुविधा हो तो शादी में दुल्हा-दुल्हन को सच्ची दुआएँ मिलेंगी।

(आ) निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

गद्यांश : घर में बाबा बीमार थे ……………………………………….. इसलिए पढ़ाई रुक गई। (पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. 6)

प्रश्न 1.
तालिका पूर्ण कीजिए :
उत्तर :
बबलू की जानकारी –
पिता – बीमार
माता – चौका-बर्तन का काम करना
पढ़ाई – वीच में ही छूटना
कार्य – बाल मजदूरी / रद्दी इकट्ठा करना

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

प्रश्न 2.
कारण लिखिए :

(i) बबलू की पढ़ाई रुक गई थी क्योंकि
उत्तर :
किताबों के लिए पैसे नहीं थे।

(ii) रद्दी तौलते समय बबलू की नजर स्कूल की किताबों पर थीं क्योंकि ….
उत्तर :
वह चाह रहा था कि वे किताबें उसे मिल जाएँ।

प्रश्न 3.
(क) गद्यांश से शव्दयुग्म ढूँढ़कर लिखिए :
(i) ……………………………
उत्तर :
(i) चौका-बर्तन

(ii) ……………………………
उत्तर :
(ii) घर-घर

उदा. –
माँ-बाप

(ख) निम्न शब्दों के लिए हिंदी मानक शब्द लिखिए :
(i) स्कूल –
उत्तर :
(i) स्कूल – पाठशाला (विद्यालय)

(ii) कॉलेज – …………………………………………
उत्तर :
(ii) कॉलेज – महाविद्यालय

प्रश्न 4.
‘वाल-मजदूरी : कारण और उपाय’ इस विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर :
भारत में ‘बाल-मजदूरी’ करवाना एक गुनाह मान लिया जाता है, किंतु दुकान हो या खेती, होटल हो या ठेला अनेक जगहों पर छोटी उम्र के बच्चे काम करते हुए दिखाई देते हैं। बाल-मजदूरी कानूनन अपराध होने पर भी इसपर रोक नहीं लगा पा रहे हैं।

इसके पीछे अनेक कारण हैं। गरीबी, व्यसनी पिता, बीमार माता-पिता, माँ-बाप का अभाव। विपन्नावस्था (poverty) के कारण जिस उम्र में बच्चे को स्कूल जाना जरूरी है उस उम्र में उन्हें परिवार के लिए काम करना पड़ता है। इसमें न माँबाप को खुशी मिलती है न बच्चों को, परंतु दोनों ओर मजबूरी होती है।

इस समस्या को मिटाने के लिए देश में बढ़ रही अमीरी और गरीबी की खाई का मिटना बहुत जरूरी है। यह संभव नहीं तो हर अमीर परिवार द्वारा कुछ बच्चों का खर्चा चलाकर उनकी पढ़ाई का बोझ उठाने पर उनका भविष्य सुधर जाएगा।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

(इ) निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

गद्यांश : बबलू ने रद्दी के पैसे ……………………………………………… बबलू की खुशी का ठिकाना न था। (पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. 6)

प्रश्न 1.
घटनाक्रम के अनुसार वाक्यों का उचित क्रम लगाइए :
(i) डाँट खाने के बावजूद बबलू मुस्कुरा रहा था।
(ii) बबलू ने बोरे में से किताबें निकालकर अलग रख दीं।
(iii) रास्ते में बबलू को मालकिन और उनकी लड़की मिल गई।
(iv) दुकानदार बबलू पर झल्ला उठा।
उत्तर :
(i) बबलू ने बोरे में से किताबें निकालकर अलग रख दीं।
(ii) दुकानदार बबलू पर झल्ला उठा।
(iii) डाँट खाने के बावजूद बबलू मुस्कुरा रहा था।
(iv) रास्ते में बबलू को मालकिन और उनकी लड़की मिल गई।

प्रश्न 2.
कारण लिखिए :
(i) मालकिन ने बबलू की आगे की पढ़ाई का खर्चा उठाने का निश्चय किया ……………………………………
उत्तर :
मालकिन ने बबलू की आगे की पढ़ाई का खर्चा उठाने का निश्चय किया क्योंकि उसने बबलू की पढ़ाई के प्रति लालसा को देखा।

(ii) बबलू अब स्कूल जा सकेगा ……………………………………
उत्तर :
बबलू अब स्कूल जा सकेगा क्योंकि उसके पास किताबें थीं।

प्रश्न 3.
(क) कृदंत रूप लिखिए :

(i) मुस्कुराना – ……………………………………
उत्तर :
मुस्कुराहट

(ii) झुकना – ……………………………………
उत्तर :
(ii) झुकाव

(ख) अपशब्द शब्द में ‘अप’ उपसर्ग लगा है, ‘अप’ उपसर्ग लगाकर नए शब्द बनाकर लिखिए :
(i) …………………………………..
(ii) …………………………………..
उत्तर :
(i) अपहरण
(iii) अपयश

उदा. – अपमान

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

प्रश्न 4.
शिक्षा से वंचित वालकों की सहायता हेतु उपाय मुझाइए।
उत्तर :
यह बात सत्य है कि आज शिक्षा प्राप्ति के प्रति समाज के सभी वर्गों में जागरुकता आई है लेकिन आज भी कुछ बच्चे शिक्षा से वंचित रह जाते हैं। अनुसूचित जाति जनजाति के बच्चों तक सरकार द्वारा चलाई जा रही योजनाओं की जानकारी पहुँचाना हमारा कर्तव्य है।

अध्ययनरत विद्यार्थियों के लिए छात्रावास तथा छात्रवृत्ति का प्रावधान सरकारी तथा निजी संस्थाओं द्वारा, एन्.जी.ओ. द्वारा होना चाहिए। विशिष्ट आवश्यकता वाले बच्चों के लिए जो शारीरिक रूप से अक्षम है उनके लिए विशिष्ट शिक्षा की व्यवस्था होनी चाहिए और उनके लिए विशेष अध्यापकों की नियुक्ति सरकार द्वारा होनी चाहिए। सर्वशिक्षा अभियान के साथ-साथ ‘समावेशन’ भी आवश्यक है ताकि शिक्षा से कोई भी बालक वंचित न रहें।

लघु कथाएँ Summary in Hindi

लघु कथाएँ लेखक परिचय :

श्रीमती संतोष श्रीवास्तव जी का जन्म मध्यप्रदेश के मंडला नामक गाँव में 23 नवंबर 1952 को हुआ। आधुनिक नारी जीवन के विविध आयाम तथा सामाजिक जीवन की विसंगतियाँ (discrepancy) आपके साहित्य द्वारा चित्रित है।

लघु कथाएँ रचनाएँ :

आपकी बहुविध रचनाएँ प्रकाशित हैं : जैसे ‘दबे पाँव प्यार’ ‘टेम्स की सरगम’ ‘ख्वाबों के पैरहन (उपन्यास)’ ‘बहके बसंत तुम’, ‘बहते ग्लेशियर’ (कहानी संग्रह), ‘फागुन का मन’ (ललित निबंध संग्रह) ‘नीली पत्तियों का शायराना हरारत’ (यात्रा संस्मरण)

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ 3

लघु कथाएँ विधा परिचय :

‘लघुकथा’ यह एक गद्य विधा है। कथा तत्त्वों से परिपूर्ण किंतु आकार से लघुता यह उसकी विशेषता है। अत्यंत कम शब्दों में जीवन की पीड़ा, संवेदना, आनंद की गहराई को प्रकट करने की क्षमता लघुकथा में होती है। कोई भी छोटी घटना, प्रसंग, परिस्थिति का आधार लेकर लघुकथा लिखी जाती है। हिंदी साहित्य में डॉ. कमल किशोर गोयनका, डॉ. सतीश दुबे, संतोष सुपेकर, कमल चोपड़ा आदि को प्रमुख लघुकथाकार के रूप में पहचाना जाता है।

लघु कथाएँ विषय प्रवेश :
(अ) उषा की दीपावली : ‘उषा की दीपावली’ यह एक मर्मस्पर्शी (touching) लघुकथा है। अनाज की बरबादी पर बालमन की संवेदनशील प्रतिक्रिया का सुंदर चित्रण है। एक ओर शादी-ब्याह में थालियों में जरूरत से ज्यादा खाना लेकर उसे जूठा छोड़ने वाले श्रीमान लोग तो दूसरी ओर एक वक्त की रूखी-सूखी रोटी के लिए भी तरसने वाले लोग, इस सामाजिक विरोधाभास (paradox) का चित्रण इस लघुकथा में है।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

(आ) ‘मुस्कुराती चोट’ : ‘मुस्कुराती चोट’ इस दूसरी लघुकथा में गरीबी के कारण इच्छा होकर भी पढ़ाई जारी न रख पानेवाला एक छोटा लड़का ‘बबलू’ की उथल-पुथल भरी जिंदगी है। बबलू की पढ़ाई की अदम्य (indomitable) इच्छा, उसकी बाधाएँ, छोटी-छोटी चोटें और अंत में मुस्कुराहट फैलानेवाली सुखद बात पाठकों को लुभाती है। दोनों लघुकथाएँ ‘आशावाद’ को जगाती है।

लघु कथाएँ महावरा :

टस से मस न होना – बिल्कुल प्रभाव न पड़ना, कुछ परिणाम न होना।

लघु कथाएँ सारांश :

(अ) उषा की दीपावली : दीपावली का त्योहार : दीपावली का त्योहार था। नरक-चौदस के दिन लोगों ने कंपाउंड के मुंडेर पर आटे के दीप जलाए थे। सुबह तक वे दीप बुझ गए थे।

बबन की गरीबी : सुबह बबन सफाई के लिए आया था, जो एक गरीब इन्सान था। बुझे दीप उठाकर कूड़े में फेंकने के बजाय वह जेब में रख रहा था। दस साल की उषा ने यह दृश्य देखा। उसे पूछने पर पता चला कि बबन वे आटे के दीपक सेंककर खाना चाहता है।

उषा की संवेदना : उषा की आँखों के सामने वह दृश्य घूमने लगा, जो उसने अनेक बार देखा था। अमीर लोग शादी-ब्याह में ढेर सारा खाना प्लेटों में लेकर बचा-खुचा फेंक देते हैं। उषा की आँखें भर आईं। घर में जाकर उसने दीपावली के मौके पर बनाए हुए पकवान लाकर बबन को दे दिए जिसकी वजह से बबन की आँखों में खुशी के हजारों दीप जगमगा उठे। उषा की दीपावली भी इससे खुशहाल हो गई।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ 4

(आ) मुस्कुराती चोट : ‘बबलू की गरीबी’ – इस लघुकथा का बबलू, गरीब परिवार का लड़का है। माँ चौका-बर्तन करके कुछ पैसे कमाती है। पिता जी बीमार है। माँ का हाथ बँटाने के लिए बबलू घर-घर जाकर रद्दी इकट्ठा करके रद्दी वाले को बेचता है। बबलू के पास किताबें खरीदने के लिए पैसे न होने से उसका स्कूल छूट गया था।

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Hindi Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 2 लघु कथाएँ

अविश्वास की चोट : एक दिन वह एक घर में रद्दी लेने गया था। उस रददी में किताबें थीं। घर मालकिन की बेटी वे किताबें बबलू को पढ़ने के लिए मुफ्त में देना चाहती थी। परंतु घर मालकिन का बबलू पर भरोसा नहीं था। वह किताबें बेचकर चैन करेगा ऐसा उसे शक था। बबलू ने रद्दी में से किताबें अलग रखवा दीं। रद्दी वाले को किताबों के पैसे खर्च करने की झूठ बात बताकर उससे डाँट सुनकर भी चुप रहा।

पछतावा : बबलू किताबें लेकर वापस आ रहा था। मालकिन ने उसे देखा तो अपने अपशब्दों पर उसे पछतावा हुआ। उसे पता चला कि बबलू पढ़ने की अदम्य इच्छा रखता है। बबलू की आगे की सारी पढ़ाई का खर्चा उठाने का उसने निश्चय किया। सुखद अंत वाली यह कहानी आशावादी है।

लघु कथाएँ शब्दार्थ :

  • सैलाब = बाढ़ (Flood),
  • देहरी = दहलीज (threshold),
  • तरबतर = भीगा हुआ, गीला (wet),
  • लालसा = इच्छा (desire),
  • मुंडेर = दीवार का ऊपरी भाग जो छत के चारों ओर कुछ उठा होता है। (parapet),
  • झल्लाना = परेशान होना (irritated)
  • देहरी = दहलीज
  • तरबतर = गीला, भीगा
  • कृशकाय = दुबला-पतला शरीर
  • बेरहमी = निर्दयता, दयाहीनता

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 4 Accounting Package (GNUKhata)

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Practicals Skill Set 4 Accounting Package (GNUKhata) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 4 Accounting Package (GNUKhata)

SOP 1: Use of Accounting Package to create a company.
Create a company with the following particulars.
Company Name: B.B Enterprises
Case: Upper Case
Company Type: Profit Making
Financial Year: 01-04-2019 to 31-03-2020
Use GNUKhata for: Accounting Only
Create a profile with relevant data for any company. Create an Admin account for the company.
Answer:
Step 1: Open GNUKhata Application. Click on ‘company Setup Wizard’ or (press shift + control + C)

Step 2: While creating a company the following details are to be given.
Company Name: B.B Enterprises
Case: Upper Case
Company Type: Profit Making
Financial Year: 01/04/2019 to 31/03/2020
Use GNUKhata for: Accounting Only
Fill in all the required details and click on proceed button on the right button corner.

Step 3: Enter Appropriate Company Information in the Given Field.
Company Profile window appears, in that window fill in the details and click on proceed button on the right bottom corner.

Step 4: Create Admin Next step is the ‘create Admin’ which is mandatory with proper user name and password. Fill in the fields and click on ‘Create & Login button, the company will be created.
Now your Company is ready.

Step 5: Admin Dashboard After login, the following admin dashboard, appears.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 4 Accounting Package (GNUKhata)

SOP 2: Create ledger accounts using the accounting Package.
Create ledger accounts for the following and allocate proper groups.

  1. Import duty
  2. Insurance
  3. Machinery
  4. Audit Fee
  5. Purchase
  6. Sales
  7. Telephone charges
  8. Interest Received
  9. Salary
  10. Professional fees

Answer:
Step 1: You Can select an already created company using the ‘Select Existing Company ’ Option on Opening Screen.

Step 2: Log in with User Name and Password

Step 3: To create an account (ledger account) click on the Hamburger Menu available at the left top corner of the dashboard.
Click on the Master Account → It allows you to create an account.
The following table shows the group name, sub-group name, and account name which are to be created.

Group NameSub Group NameAccount / Ledger Name
Direct ExpensesNoneImport Duty
Indirect ExpensesNoneInsurance
Fixed AssetsPlant & MachineryMachinery
Indirect ExpensesNoneAudit fee
Direct ExpenseNonePurchase
Direct IncomeNoneSales
Indirect ExpenseNoneTelephone charges
Indirect IncomeNoneInterest received
Indirect ExpenseNoneSalary
Direct IncomeNoneProfessional Fees