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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.2 Odd One In Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.2 Odd One In

Class 7 English Chapter 1.2 Odd One In Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read aloud the conversations in the story turn by turn.

Question 1.
Read aloud the conversations in the story turn by turn.

2. Write about Malti and Rima using the following points:

Question 1.
Write about Malti and Rima using the following points:

Use details from the story and your own imagination when you write the above descriptions.
Answer:

Points		Rima
Appearance	Simple, oily hair, long skirt	Stylish.
Studies	Studious, intelligent, scored well in studies. She was good at Maths.	She was also good in studies.
Singing	She had a melodious and well-trained voice. She wins the first prize in the Inter­house singing competition.	She was also good at singing and wins the first prize in her own category in the Inter­house singing competition.
Attitude Towards Others	Helpful and respectful. Ready to learn from others and improve.	Rude, arrogant, unkind behaviour. She didn’t like to be corrected.
Weak Points	Her English was poor.	She was weak in Hindi. She was jealous of others and thought others to be inferior to her.

3. Imagine you are Malti. Write any one event in the story from Malti’s point of view.

Question 1.
Imagine you are Malti. Write any one event in the story from Malti’s point of view.
Answer:
Yesterday, I was absent from school. I decided to ask Rima and other classmates about the lessons taught by teachers. As soon as I uttered “I wanted to aks you about English assignment”, Rima and her friends burst out laughing. At first I didn’t understand why they were laughing. Then Rima started mocking at me, repeating the word ‘aks’.

Other girls giggled and looked at me with contempt. I felt very bad but I requested Rima to teach me English as she was good in English and its pronunciation. But she told me rudely that as I belong to the countryside, I am incapable of speaking proper English. There was a lump in my throat as I could not bear this humiliation. I wanted to retort but I couldn’t find the right words. I burst into tears and decided to run away from there.

4. How do you behave with your classmates? Write about your attitude and behaviour in the appropriate column:
(Some actions: Ask others for help, Refuse help, Judge others by their appearance, Judge others by their accent)

Question 1.
How do you behave with your classmates? Write about your attitude and behaviour in the appropriate column:
(Some actions: Ask others for help, Refuse help, Judge others by their appearance, Judge others by their accent)

Answer:

Always	Sometimes	Never
I help others.	I am sometimes grumpy towards my friends.	I am never judgemental.
I share my tiffin with my friends.	I enquire about the health of a sick classmate.	I never use harsh words.
I always respect others.	I sometimes visit NGO’s to volunteer.	I never misbehave in class.

Note: Students do the exercise based on their own individual behaviour.

5. Talk about: (a) your strengths (b) your weaknesses (c) the changes that you would like lo see in yourself (3 each).

Question a.
Your strengths:
Answer:
My biggest strength is my willingness to learn and improve myself. I am very polite and humble. I am also a good listener due to which I make friends very easily.

Question b.
Your weaknesses:
Answer:
I am lazy when it comes to doing homework.
I have a phobia of speaking in front of a large group. This has developed into stage fright. I also can’t stop eating once I start. This makes me fall sick very often.

Question c.
The changes that you would like to see in yourself:
Answer:
I would like to get rid of my laziness. I want to start cultivating the habit of reading to improve my language. I would like to participate confidently in competitions. And lastly I want to control my diet for a healthy living.

6. Discuss: Is it necessary to develop a good accent? Why? What efforts can you take to improve your pronunciation? With your teacher’s help, find out how to use online dictionaries for the purpose.

Question 1.
Discuss: Is it necessary to develop a good accent? Why? What efforts can you take to improve your pronunciation? With your teacher’s help, find out how to use online dictionaries for the purpose.
Answer:
Yes, it is extremely necessary to develop a good accent because it aids in communication. A proper accent is important to understand and be understood. I can refer a dictionary that provides pronunciation key. I can also listen to news channels such as BBC that helps us to speak English the way the natives do. Besides, no matter what the language, avoiding the influence of mother tongue can help improve pronunciation.

7. list all the adverbs that end with ‘-ly’ from the passage.

Question 1.
list all the adverbs that end with ‘-ly’ from the passage.
Answer:

1. quietly
2. rudely
3. cattily
4. uncharitably
5. sadly
6. snidely
7. abundantly
8. readily
9. cheerfully
10. mercilessly
11. particularly
12. roundly
13. badly
14. stubbornly

8. Language Study:

Question 1.
Types of nouns: You know that a noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing. The names given to particular persons, places, animals etc. are proper nouns and the rest are common nouns. For example, ‘Ria’ is a proper noun, because it is the name of a particular person. But, ‘girl’ Is a common noun, as It is not the name of a particular person. ‘Ahmednagar’ Is a proper noun, because it is the name of a particular place. ‘Town’ Is a common noun, because it is not the name of a particular place.
Answer:

Write at least 5 common nouns and 5 proper nouns each. Proper nouns are always written with a capital letter at the beginning. Can you think of proper nouns that include two or more words? How are they written? Find at least ten such nouns.
Examples: Seva Hospital, The Times of India.

Class 7 English Chapter 1.2 Odd One In Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Complete the web.
Answer:
i.

ii.

Question 2.
How did Rima and her friends try to offend Malti?
Answer:
Rima and her friends tried to. offend Malti by asking her about the oil on her hair and her long skirt.

Question 3.
Guess what Malti was about to say when the teacher entered?
Answer:
When the teacher entered, Malti was about to probably justify why she wore long skirt or oiled her hair.

Question 4.
What did Rima and her gang decide to do during the Inter-house singing competition? Did they succeed? Why?
Answer:
Rima and her gang decided to jeer when Malti sang but they did not succeed as there was such absolute silence that they did’not dare to do so. They were sure to get caught if they did

Question 5.
Why did Rima feel no joy even though she came first in her category?
Answer:
(Rima had thought that Malti must be a miserable singer and would lose in the singing competition but Malti won the first prize. Rima felt no joy even though she came first in her category as she was proved wrong and may be she even felt jealous of Malti.

Question 6.
Why did Rima walk off in a huff?
Answer:
Rima’s friends told her that she was rude to Malti. This shocked Rima as her own friends had turned against her. So, she walked off in a huff.

Question 7.
What would you have done if you would have been in Malti’s place?
Answer:
If I would have been in Malti’s place, I would have done exactly what Malti did. I would have let my work and performance speak for myself. I would have also tried to befriend Rima by helping her or praising her for her strengths.

Question 8.
Write a character sketch of Rima.
Answer:
Rima was a school-going girl who had her own clique of stylish girls. She was quick to judge people by their outward appearance. She was a bit of a snob who didn’t hesitate to comment on Malti’s oily hair. She had an envious nature as she wasn’t happy about Malti winning the first prize although she herself had also won the first prize in her own category. She thought herself to be far more superior as she was city-bred and could speak good English. She was too proud to accept her mistake when her friends pointed it out to her.

Question 9.
Discuss the meaning in the context of the story.
Answer:

1. befriended (v) – became friends
2. snob (n) – criticizing people coming from lower social class or are less education
3. forte (n) – something one is good at
4. belied (v) – failed to give a true impression or to tell lie
5. smart (adj) – intelligent, clever
6. confident (adj) – feeling or showing confidence in oneself or one’s abilities or qualities or being sure about ones abilities.
7. insufferable (adj) – intolerable

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
i. “Any new girls in your class?” enquired her father …………. .
ii. “She can’t speak …………. English.
Answer:
i. Mr. Sen
ii. much

Question 2.
Say whether true or false and correct in case the statement is false.
Rima can’t speak much English.
Answer:
False. Malti can’t speak much English.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
How did Rima describe Malti to her father?
Answer:
Rima described to her father that Malti was a funny girl from a state at the other end of the country who could not speak much English. She also added that Malti came with oily hair and a bindi and spoke with a strange accent.

Question 2.
Do Rima and her parents share the same attitude?
Answer:
No, Rima and her parents do not share the same’attitude. The parents confront Rima with reality. We know that because Rima’s parents defend and praise Malti when Rima criticizes her.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Guess the meanings of the following words in the context of the story
Answer:

• settling in (v) – to arrange oneself comfortably in
• sniffed (v) – drew in air audibly to show dislike
• mimicked (v) – imitated the voice and behaviour
• grimaced (v) – made a twisted expression on face to express disgust.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Write at least 4 Proper nouns from the above passage.
Answer:

1. Rima
2. Mr. Sen
3. Malti
4. English

Question 2.
Write at least 4 Common nouns from the above passage.
Answer:

1. mother
2. day
3. girls
4. school

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Have you ever been a victim of bullying in your class? How did you tackle it?
Answer:
Yes, I have been a victim of bullying in my class due by a handful of bullies in the class. They used to call me ‘teacher’s pet’ and tease me. Initially I was annoyed. But with the help of my parents and teachers I began to help one of the weaker students who used to bully me. In the first semester his grade were raised and he became fan and strong supporter. Eventually the others also realized their mistakes and accepted me as a friend and took my help to improve.

Question 2.
How did Rima decide whether or not Malti was smart? What is your opinion?
Answer:
Rima decided Malti’s smartness by the way she dressed and spoke English. I do not think that we should judge someone’s smartness by their outward appearance. Besides, even if someone does not speak good English, it cap always be learnt and improved upon, and the person may be very good at some other language.

Question 3.
Do Rima and her parents share the same attitude? How do we know that?
Answer:
No, Rima and her parents do not share the same opinion. We know this from the conversation between Rima and her parents. The mother feels that Malti is a clever girl for she raised her hand to answer all questions in the class. When Rima said that Malti’s English is bad and she isn’t clever, her father pointed out to Rima that the same goes with her Hindi.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Complete the web with the names of Rina Clique friends.
Answer:

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Why was Rima sad and depressed at lunch time?
Answer:
Rima was sad and depressed at lunch time because she knew she had behaved badly with Malti but didn’t want to accept it. Besides her own friends had gone against her.

Question 2.
Which lines from the passage tell us that Malti was a very humble person?
Answer:
“I know my English is weak. Yours is good. Please, will you help me to improve it?” These lines tell us that Malti was very humble.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give the antonyms of:
1. proud
2. mercilessly
Answer:
1. humble
2. mercifully, compassionately

Grammar:

Question 1.
Her own friends had turned against her.
(Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
Her own friends – subject
had turned against her – predicate.

Question 2.
Rima was shocked. (Transform into a question)
Answer:
Wasn’t Rima shocked?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Is it necessary to accept one’s mistake? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is very necessary for one to accept his mistake, because only when we accept our mistake will we make an attempt to improve ourselves. Besides, one must understand that we are all humans and are bound to make mistakes. What is important is to learn from the mistakes and not repeat them.

Language study:

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Write at least 5 common nouns and 5 proper nouns each.
Answer:

• Common nouns: parents, friends, table, participants, child, etc.
• Proper nouns: Rima, Malti, Saturday, English; Clare, etc.

Question 2.
Can you think of proper nouns that include two or more words? How are they written? Find at least ten such nouns.
Answer:
Proper nouns with two or more words have each word beginning with a capital letter except prepositions and articles.
(a) St. Peter’s Church (b) Marks & Spencer (c) The Retreat Resort (d) United Kingdom (e) Bank of Baroda (f) Big Bazaar (g) The United States of America (h) United Colours of Benetton (i) The Great Escape Water Park (j) Phoenix Market City Mall.

Question 3.
Match the meanings.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. forte	a. to arrange oneself comfortably in a new place
2. belied	b. to transfer
3. befriended	c. to express contempt
4. settling in	d. fail to give a true impression of something
5. sniffed	e. intolerable
6. insufferable	f. become a friend when in need of help
	g. something one is good at

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. forte	g. something one is good at
2. belied	d. fail to give a true impression of something
3. befriended	f. become a friend when in need of help
4. settling in	a. to arrange oneself comfortably in a new place
5. sniffed	c. to express contempt
6. insufferable	e. intolerable

Question 4.
Add a suffix to any 4 words from the lesson to make their noun forms.
Answer:

• improve – improvement
• quiet – quietness
• clear – clearance
• bright – brightness

Question 5.
Make sentences using phrases/idioms.
Answer:
Question i.
To help oneself
Answer:
She placed the bowl of dessert on the table and askeci the guests to help themselves.

Question ii.
To dote on someone
Answer:
My best friend’s mother dotes on her and buys her expensive clothes.

Question iii.
To be on the verge of something
Answer:
The differences between the two countries increased so much that they were on the verge of having a war.

Question iv.
To burst into tears
Answer:
When she saw her lost child after seven days, she burst into tears.

Question v.
To walk away in a huff
Answer:
When Hera’s friends started teasing her for her new hairstyle, she walked away in a huff.

Question 6.
Discuss the difference in the meaning of the following words:
Answer:

1. Smart – a clean, tidy, well-dressed person having quick-witted intelligence.
2. confident – a person who believes in oneself or one abilities and qualities.
3. snob – person who believes that his/her taste in a particular area is superior to those of other people.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
The teachers had liked the respectful, intelligent girl from the beginning.
(Pick out the adjectives and state their kind)
Answer:
respectful, intelligent – Adjectives of quality.

Question 2.
Malti sang beautifully.
(Pick out the verb and state whether it is transitive or intransitive)
Answer:
sang – Intransitive.

Question 3.
No one was surprised when Malti won the first prize.
(Pick out the conjunction)
Answer:
when – conjunction.

Question 4.
We put Rima into a good school to make her smart and confident.
(Pick out the preposition)
Answer:
into, to – preposition.

Question 5.
Malti answered ………………. .
(Fill in adverb of your choice to complete the sentence)
Answer:
softly, politely

Question 6.
She can’t speak much English.
(Add a question tag)
Answer:
She can’t speak much English, can she?

Question 7.
Malti looked offended but did not reply. (Replace the underlined conjunction with another conjunction without changing the meaning)
Answer:
Malti looked offended still yet did not reply.

Question 8.
Malti felt bad about their ………………….. .
(Fill in the blank with an abstract noun of your choice)
Answer:
Malti felt bad about their poverty.

Question 9.
This one does not seem smart at all.
(Change the number)
Answer:
These ones do not seem smart at all.

Question 10.
Rima did come first in her category.
(Pick out the adjective)
Answer:
first – adjective

Writing Skills:

Question 1.
Can you imagine what happened next in this story of Rima and Malti? Complete the story on your own.
The time gone by …………….
Answer:
Rima knew that she had behaved very badly. She was too proud to admit it – even to herself. Next day, after a sleepless night, Rima dragged herself to school. When she reached, her friends were already chatting with Malti. This upset her even more. Within a week or so, all her friends had befriended Malti and were all praises about her. But Rima thought otherwise.

She took it to be a wicked plan of Malti to isolate her from her friends. Rima who had always been a topper started losing confidence. This affected her performance in exams. She soon lost the affection of her teachers who thought she needed to change her rude behaviour. Rima’s health suffered and she fell sick very often. After a week’s absence from school, when she resumed, none of her friends asked her about her health.

When she asked for notes that she had missed, no one lent her the books. Rima approached the teacher and requested her to give her a week’s time to complete all the books. She also asked if she could get someone’s book to complete her notes.

The teacher send that Malti had already made notes for Rima with her permission. Rima completed all her books with Malti’s help. She was touched by this kind of gesture. She realised her mistake and apologized to Malti who embraced her. Both Rima and Malti became best of friends. Rima had learnt that beauty is skin deep.

Odd One In Summary in English

Introduction:

The lesson ‘Odd One In’ is an excerpt from the book of the same name by Tithi Tavora. Set against the backdrop of challenges encountered by a newcomer in school. The story highlights the importance of inner beauty as compared to outward appearance.

Paraphrase:

The story revolves around Rima, a city bred brat, who is quick to judge the newcomer, Malti, a countryside girl. Rima and her friends look down upon Malti for her simple looks and dressing sense. However, Malti proves her mettle to them over a period of time. Rima learns a lesson not to judge anyone by their outward appearance and be respectful to one and all. But does she really learn the lesson? Well, read the story to find more….

Glossary:

1. shrugged (v) – raised the shoulders slightly and briefly as a sign that one does not care or know about something.
2. grimaced (v) – made a twisted expression on the face to express disgust or pain or something hurting youth.
3. mimicked (v) – imitatedl the voice and behaviour
4. chorused (v) – said the same thing together
5. giggled (v) – laughed in a silly way
6. cattily (adv) – in a mean way
7. recounted (v) – narrated
8. uncharitably (adv) – in an unkind way
9. atrocious (adj) – bad
10. countered (v) – opposed
11. snidely (adv) – rudely and critically
12. abundantly (adv) – extremely
13. nimble (adj) – quick
14. clique (n) – a group of people who do not readily allow others to join
15. exaggerated (v) – altered; to make something larger than it is.
16. accent (n) – pronunciation
17. countrified (adj) – unsophisticated, simple
18. retort (v) – to reply in a short angry or witty manner
19. jeer (v) – make rude remarks a in a loud voice
20. horrid (adj) – horrible
21. roundly (adv) – completely
22. subdued (adj) – quiet and depressed

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 15 Fun with Magnets Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 15 Fun with Magnets

Class 6 Science Chapter 15 Fun with Magnets Textbook Questions and Answers 

1. How will you do this?

Question a.
Determine whether a material is magnetic or non-magnetic.
Answer:

1. To determine whether the material is magnetic or non-magnetic, a magnet is moved over it.
2. If the material sticks to the magnet, it is called magnetic material.
3. If the material does not stick to the magnet, it is non-magnetic.

Question b.
Explain that a magnet has a certain magnetic field.
Answer:

1. The space around a magnet in which the magnetic force is active is called the magnetic field.
2. Place a white paper on a drawing board and place a bar magnet in the middle of the paper.
3. Spread the iron filings on the sheet and gently tap the sheet.
4. The iron filings arrange around the magnet in definite curved lines forming a symmetric pattern.
5. The lines are closer to each other near the poles and less crowded in the middle region around the magnet.
6. Beyond a particular region, the iron filings, will not get attracted.
7. The region where iron filings are attracted is the magnetic field of the magnets.

Question c.
Find the north pole of a magnet.
Answer:

1. Take a bar magnet. Tie a thread to the centre of a bar magnet and hang it from a stand.
2. Note the direction in which the magnet settles and turn it around again.
3. Allow it to settle and note the direction.
4. The end of the magnet that points to the north is called the north pole, while the end that points to the south is called the south pole.
5. The north pole is indicated by ‘N’ and the south pole by ‘S’.

2. Which magnet will you use?

Question a.
Iron is to be separated from a trash.
Answer:

1. Sharp and heavy iron scrap material is attached to a big disc.
2. The disc is a magnet and all scrap is attracted to it.
3. It is not possible to create, store such a big size magnet. Therefore magnetism is induced in the disc with the help of electricity.

An electromagnet is used which is attached to a crane for loading and unloading, transporting scrap and loose iron material from a trash.

Question b.
You are lost in a forest.
Answer:

1. If we are lost in a forest, we should take help of a mariner’s compass which will help us to find the directions while travelling through unknown regions.
2. If mariner’s compass is not available, a bar magnet when suspended in the centre will rest in north-south direction.

Question c.
A window shutter opens and shuts continuously in the wind.
Answer:
A bar magnet can be attached to the window pane so that the window will be closed tight during strong winds also.

3. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word.

Question a.
If a bar magnet is hung by a thread tied at its centre, its north pole becomes steady in the direction of the …………… pole of the earth. (south, north, east, west)
Answer:
North

Question b.
If a bar magnet is cut into equal pieces by cutting it at right angles to its axis at two pieces …………… bar magnets are formed, and a total of …………… poles are formed. (6,3,2)
Answer:
3, 6

Question c.
There is a repulsion between the …………… poles of a magnet and attraction between its ……………. poles. (opposite, like.)
Answer:
like, opposite

Question d.
When magnetic material is taken close to a magnet, the material acquires …………… . (permanent magnetism, induced magnetism, temporary, magnet keeper)
Answer:
induced magnetism

Question e.
If a magnet attracts a piece of metal, that piece must be made of ………… .(any other metal but iron, magnetic material or iron, non-magnetic material, electromagnets)
Answer:
magnetic material or iron

Question f.
A magnet remains steady in a ………….. direction. (east-west, north-south,)
Answer:
north-south

4. Write the answers in your words.

Question a.
How is an electromagnet made?
Answer:
1. To make an electromagnet we need the following apparatus; An iron nail of 10 cm length, 1 metre long insulated copper wire, a battery cell, pins.
2. Wind the copper wire around the nail as shown in the figure. Connect the free ends of the wire to the two terminals of a cell through a plug key.
3. Close the key to complete the circuit.
4. Bring small pins near the tip of the nail and observe.
5. When the circuit is completed, the iron pins are attracted by the nail and hence, they stick to the nail.

6. When the circuit is broken, the pins fall off.
7. A magnet is prepared by passing an electric current through an insulated wire wound around the iron nail. This is an electromagnet.
8. When the current is allowed to pass, the nail becomes a magnet and attracts pin / pins stick to it.
9. When the current is put off the nail does not behave as a magnet and therefore, pins fall off.
10. The magnetism is temporary in the case of an electromagnet.

Question b.
Write the properties of a magnet.
Answer:
Magnet possess following properties/ characteristics.

1. Magnet always settles in the north-south direction.
2. The magnetic force is concentrated at the two ends or poles of a magnet.
3. If a magnet is divided into two parts, two independent magnets are formed. It means that the two poles of a magnet cannot be separated from each other.
4. A magnetic material acquires magnetism when placed near a magnet. This magnetism is called induced magnetism.
5. There is repulsion between like poles of a magnet, while there is attraction between the opposite poles.

Question c.
What are the practical uses of a magnet?
Answer:

1. Magnets are materials to which objects made from iron, nickel, cobalt are attracted. But man explored magnets and its properties and made his life comfortable.
2. Permanent Magnets: are used in caps of pin holders, doors of fridges, doors of cupboards etc.
3. Temporary magnets: Electromagnets are used in electric bells, circuit of various machines, ATM card swipe machines, MRI- Magnetic Resonance Image, loudspeakers, electric cranes, microphones, Mariner’s compasses, etc.

Activity

Question 1.
Collect information regarding how the various magnets used in our day-to-day tasks are produced.

Question 2.
Collect information about the magnetism of the earth.

Class 6 Science Chapter 15 Fun with Magnets Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
Iron objects ………….. to a magnet.
Answer:
stick

Question 2.
A magnet is used in ………….. and ………….. .
Answer:
gadgets and machines

Question 3.
The materials that stick to a magnet are called ………….. materials.
Answer:
magnetic

Question 4.
Materials that do not stick to a magnet are called ………….. materials.
Answer:
non-magnetic

Question 5.
When a magnet attracts an object, that object is ………….. due to the magnetic force.
Answer:
displaced

Question 6.
Magnetism is a form of ………….. .
Answer:
energy

Question 7.
A magnet always settles in the ………….. direction.
Answer:
north-south

Question 8.
The north pole is indicated by’ …………… and the south pole by ‘……………’.
Answer:
‘N’-‘S’

Question 9.
The end of the magnet that points to the north is called the ………….. .
Answer:
Northpole

Question 10.
The end of the magnet that points to the south is called the ………….. .
Answer:
South pole

Question 11.
The magnetic force is concentrated at the two ends or ………….. of a magnet.
Answer:
poles

Question 12.
If a magnet is divided into two parts, two ………….. magnets are formed.
Answer:
independent

Question 13.
It means that the two poles of a magnet cannot be ………….. from each other.
Answer:
separated

Question 14.
A magnetic material acquires magnetism when placed near a
Answer:
magnet

Question 15.
Iron filling stick to the iron bar when the ………….. is near it.
Answer:
magnet

Question 16.
There is ………….. between like poles of a magnet.
Answer:
repulsion

Question 17.
There is ………….. between the opposite poles of a magnet.
Answer:
attraction

Question 18.
Magnetic objects ………….. magnetism.
Answer:
induce

Question 19.
Material ………….. is a mixture of aluminium, nickel and cobalt.
Answer:
Alnico

Question 20.
………….. magnets are made from a mixture of nickel, cobalt and iron.
Answer:
Permanent

Question 21.
The bar of soft or pure iron which protects a magnet is called ………….. .
Answer:
magnet keeper

Question 22.
Magnetism gets ………….. when a magnet is heated, thrown, knocked about or broken into pieces.
Answer:
destroyed

Question 23.
Electromagnetic energy is used in our ………….. life.
Answer:
day-to-day

Question 24.
The metals iron, cobalt, nickel are ………….. materials.
Answer:
magnetic

Question 25.
………….. is a natural magnet.
Answer:
Magnetite

Match the columns.

Question a.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Iron, nickel, cobalt	(a) Electromagnet
2. Door bell magnet	(b) Permanent magnet
3. Nickel, cobalt, aluminium	(c) Magnetic metal
4. Cupboard magnet	(d) Mariner’s compass
5. Lodestone	(e) Alnico

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Iron, nickel, cobalt	(c) Magnetic metal
2. Door bell magnet	(a) Electromagnet
3. Nickel, cobalt, aluminium	(e) Alnico
4. Cupboard magnet	(b) Permanent magnet
5. Lodestone	(d) Mariner’s compass

State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement.

Question 1.
Material alnico is a mixture of aluminium, nickel and iron.
Answer:
False: Material alnico is a mixture ofaluminium, nickel and cobal.

Question 2.
Magnetism of electromagnet is permanent.
Answer:
False: Magnetism of electromagnet is temporary.

Question 3.
The bar of soft or pure iron protects the magnet.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Like poles attract each other and unlike poles repel each other.
Answer:
False: Like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other.

Question 5.
The magnetic force is concentrated at the centre of the magnet.
Answer:
False: The magnetic force is concentrated at the poles of the magnet

Question 6.
Magnetism is a kind of energy.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Mariner’s compass is used for finding directions while travelling.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Cobalt is a magnetic material.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
The north pole is indicated by ‘S’ and the south pole is indicated by ‘N’.
Answer:
False: The north pole is indicated by Wand the south pole is indicated by ‘S’.

Question 10.
Electromagnetism is used in many places in our day-to-day life.
Answer:
True

Answer the following questions in one sentence.

Question 1.
What is a magnet?
Answer:
The material to which objects made from iron, nickel, cobalt get attracted is called as magnet.

Question 2.
What is magnetism?
Answer:
The property of a material to which objects made from iron, nickel, cobalt get attracted is called as magnetism.

Question 3.
What are magnetic materials?
Answer:
Materials that stick to a magnet are called magnetic materials, e.g. cobalt, nickel, iron.

Question 4.
What are non-magnetic materials?
Answer:
Materials that do not stick to a magnet are called non-magnetic material, e.g. plastic, rubber, glass etc.

Question 5.
What are lodestones?
Answer:
Lodestones are leading stones which are used for finding the directions while travelling through unknown regions.

Question 6.
How is magnetism a kind of energy?
Answer:
Work is done by magnetic force. Thus, magnetism is a kind of energy.

Question 7.
What is an electromagnet?
Answer:
When magnetism is produced in the iron due to the electric current, it is called an electromagnet.

Question 8.
How are permanent magnets made?
Answer:
Permanent magnets are made from a mixture of nickel, cobalt and iron.

Question 9.
List the instruments where electromagnets are used.
Answer:
Electromagnets are used in doorbells, cranes, loudspeakers, voltameters, TVs, antennas, radios etc.

Question 10.
How is magnetism destroyed?
Answer:
When magnets are heated, thrown, knocked about or broken into pieces, magnetism gets destroyed.

Question 11.
What is a magnet keeper?
Answer:
A magnet keeper is a bar of soft or pure iron which protects a magnet. It is a piece of soft iron placed in the box in which a magnet is kept.

Question 12.
Magnets exist in variety of shapes.
Answer:
Today, magnets are used in many machines, gadgets and devices. They are all man-made. Hence, they can have a variety of shapes depending upon their use.

Answer the following briefly.

Question 1.
What are leading stones?
Answer:

1. It was known quite long ago to the people in China and Europe that a piece of magnetite, hung freely always settled in the north-south direction.
2. These rocks then came to be used for finding the directions while travelling through unknown regions.
3. That is why they are called leading stones or Lodestones.

Question 2.
What has led to the invention of the Mariner’s compass?
Answer:
Leading stones have led to the invention of the mariner’s compass.

Question 3.
List the different shapes of magnets.
Answer:

1. Magnets have a variety of shapes depending on their uses.
2. They are bar magnets, disc magnets, horseshoe magnets, ring shaped magnets, cylindrical magnets, and small button magnets.

Question 4.
What are permanent magnets?
Answer:

1. Magnets which do not lose their magnetism easily are called permanent magnets or Magnets which are made up of magnetic substances are permanent magnets.
2. e.g. Magnets fixed in a pin holder, magnets of a door of a cupboard are permanent magnets.
3. Permanent magnets are made from a mixture of
   • Nickel, cobalt, iron
   • Aluminium, nickel, cobalt – alnico

Give scientific reasons.

Question 1.
Why is it important to place a magnet keeper in a box along with magnets?
Answer:
Magnetism gets destroyed when a magnet is heated, thrown, knocked about or broken into pieces. A magnet keeper which is a bar of soft or pure iron protects a magnet.

Question 2.
Cranes with magnets are used.
Answer:
When a magnet attracts an object, that object is displaced due to the magnetic force. In factories, ports, garbage depots, large objects are lifted and shifted from place to place using cames. Hence cranes are fitted with magnets.

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Pins in a pin holder do not fall? While we are shutting the door of a fridge, we find that it closes automatically from certain distance and does not open unless pulled again.
Answer:
Magnet is fitted in the cap of a pin holder and in the door of a fridge. Iron objects stick to the magnet.

Question 2.
Take a magnet from the laboratory and bring it near various objects in your use. Which of them stick to the magnet? What material is each of them made of? Observe these things carefully. Classify the objects into two groups: those which stick to the magnet, those which do not.
Comb, table, cupboard – iron, spoon, scissors, pen, pencil, eraser, books, mobile, laptops, glass bangles, hair pin, cupboard handle, chair, steel lunch box, magnetic stickers, toys, gold ring.
Answer:

Stick to the magnet	Doesn’t stick to the magnet
Iron cupboard, spoon, scissors, hairpin, steel lunch box, magnetic stickers	Comb, table, pen, pencil, eraser, books, glass bangles, chair, mobile, laptops, cupboard handle, toys, gold ring

Question 3.
Take a mixture of sand, pieces of paper, sawdust, iron filings and pins in a saucer and pass a magnet around the mixture. What do you see?
Answer:
When magnet is moved over a mixture of sand, pieces of paper, sawdust, iron filings and pins, pins and iron filings will cling to the magnet. Sand, sawdust and pieces of paper will remain behind.

Question 4.
How is a Mariner’s Compass used?
Answer:

1. A Mariner’s Compass is a magnetic needle used in navigation to show direction by deflections.
2. It is a direction-finding instrument used in navigation.
3. It is placed on the maps, grounds, decks as it will point to the magnetic north pole.
4. It has two or more magnets permanently attached to a compass card which moves freely on a pivot.
5. The needle fixed on the compass bowl indicates the ship’s heading position.

Question 5.
Find out where the magnet given are used?
Answer:

Magnets	Uses
Horseshoe magnet	used in electric bell
Circular magnet	used in loudspeaker.
Magnetic needle	used in Mariner’s Compass.
Disc magnets	used in toys
Bar magnets	used in cupboard doors
Button magnet	supporting side rails or blockouts
Square magnet	Industries
Arc magnet	Electric motors and generators.
Cylindrical magnet	used in medicine, used in treatment of scoliosis patients.

Question 6.
Identify the different types of magnets as shown in the picture below.
Answer:
a. Circular magnet
b. Cylindrical magnet
c. Horseshoe magnet
d. Bar magnet

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.2 The Souvenir Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.2 The Souvenir

Class 7 English Chapter 2.2 The Souvenir Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Guess the meaning of the following words:
exorbitantly, precautions, unauthorised, repeatedly, enthusiastically
Write the smaller and related words that you see within these words.

Question 1.
Guess the meaning of the following words. Write the smaller and related words that you see within these words.
Answer:
(i) exorbitantly (adv) – excessively, smaller words – orbit, bit, ant.
related words – exorbitant.

(ii) precaution (n) – to take care beforehand.
smaller words – caution, cat, rat, pet, ear, action, reaction.
related word – caution

(iii) unauthorised (adj) – having no authority.
smaller word – author, ant, rise, his, this, north, said
related words – authorise, authorised.

(iv) repeatedly (adv) – done several times; again and again.
smaller words – repeat, pet, eat, ate, pat, rat, tape, trade
related words – repeat, repeated.

(v) enthusiastically (adv) – done in an excited and motivated manner.
smaller words – enthusiastic, thus, ally, silly, thin, ten
related words – enthusiast, enthusiastic, enthusiastical.
Collective nouns also have singular and plural forms.

Examples:

class – classes, herd – herds, team – teams.

Some more examples-

• arrm armies council – councils
• school – schools group – groups
• society – societies cabinet – cabinets
• department – departments, etc

Collective Nouns (examples)

1. an army ol ants
2. a flight of birds
3. a school of hsh
4. a shoal ol hsh
5. a choir ot singers
6. a band of musicians
7. a crew of sailors
8. a troupe of artists/dancers
9. an audience of listeners
10. a litter of puppies/kittens
11. a galaxy of stars
12. a group of islands
13. a forest of trees
14. an album of stamps/autographs/photographs

2. Use the details given in the story and your imagination and prepare a timetable for the trip to the moon.

Question 1.
Use the details given in the story and your imagination and prepare a timetable for the trip to the moon.

3. Say whether the following statements are right or wrong.

Question a.
Sayali was travelling in space for the first time.
Answer:
Wrong.

Question b.
Many changes had occurred on the earth in the hundred years before Sayali’s trip to the moon.
Answer:
Correct

Question c.
There were no old cities left on the earth.
Answer:
Correct

Question d.
Sayali’s mother did not want her to go on the trip.
Answer:
Correct

Question e.
There were no human settlements on the moon.
Answer:
Correct

Question f.
Sayali made a hasty purchase.
Answer:
Wrong

Question g.
Sayali did not understand the mistake she had made.
Answer:
Correct

4. Imagine you are Sayali. Write your diary for eveiy day of your trip to the moon, and for the day you gave the earrings to your mother.

Question 1.
Imagine you are Sayali. Write your diary for eveiy day of your trip to the moon, and for the day you gave the earrings to your mother.
Answer:

Monday
28th May, 2018
11.30 pm

Dear Diary,
After spending the day on walking the soil of the moon, it feels joyous and I am pleases to have such a trip.
The weather there is cold, so every time I go there. I carry some warm clothes with me.
Today I bought an earning for my mother. When I gave it to her she was very happy and thrilled to see them. She even said ‘Sayali’, ‘I am proud of you’.
She said that it was the most beautiful gift. She has ever got. The earnings was also very beautiful. Well t was a peaceful day for me.

Good night

5. Discuss: In the story, human settlements are mentioned but not cities or villages. Why is it so?

6. Gather more information about the following from your Science textbook, the internet and other sources.
Gravitational force
View of the sky when you are on the moon.
Chandrayaan mission of India.

7. You want to start human settlement somewhere else other than the earth, in the universe. Will you select a star or a planet? Why? What features supporting life will you look for? Try to find answers to such questions and make a presentalion using scientific information and your imagination.

8. Language Study: Common nouns – 2: Some nouns stand for a number of persons
or things taken together. They are called collective nouns.
Examples: class (a class of sixty students), a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep,
a team of players, a list of names.
Collective nouns also have singular and plural forms.
Examples: class-classes, herd-herds, team-teams
Make a collection of collective nouns.

Class 7 English Chapter 2.2 The Souvenir Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
In what time periods is the story taking place? given to the children?
Answer:
The story is taking place in 2069, somewhere closer to the 22nd century.

Question 2.
Where does Sayali live?
Answer:
Sayali lives on the earth.

Question 3.
What were the two important instructions
Answer:
The two important instructions were:
1. To be extremely careful while roaming outside the human settlements on the moon because a gravitational force equivalent to that of the earth had been artificially maintained in the human settlements but outside the settlements the gravitational force of the moon was at work.

2. To buy articles only from the shops which were inside the dome shaped settlements because there the articles would be genuine and not to buy anything from the unauthorised shops outside the settlement.

Question 4.
Imagine you are landing on the moon. What would be your feelings?
Answer:
For me the moon always looked like a huge cotton ball. Now that I have got a chance to go on the moon and as I am getting closer, I can see the moon has a lot of craters. I am so excited to be landing on the moon and anxious too as to what it would be like when I step on the moon. I am looking forward to walking on the moon; I have heard that we do not actually walk but bounce on the moon because of its lack of gravitational force. I am waiting to walk on the moon and experience the feel of flying while walking.

Question 5.
Was Sayali making a mistake when she bought earrings?
Answer:
Yes, Sayali was making a mistake when she bought the earrings.

Question 6.
What instructions had she ignored?
Answer:
She had been instructed to buy articles only from the shops which were inside the dome shaped settlements which were genuine and not to buy anything from the unauthorised shops outside the settlement. She ignored these instructions and purchased from outside the settlement.

Question 7.
Why had the earrings become so heavy on the earth?
Answer:
Sayali purchased the earrings from outside the human settlement where the moon’s gravitational force was at work. The gravitational force of the moon made the earrings light on the moon, but it became very heavy on the earth because of the earth’s gravitational force.

Question 8.
Which was the longest trip during mummy’s childhood?
Answer:
During mummy’s childhood the longest trip meant going to Europe.

Question 9.
What did the dome shaped settlements on the moon resemble?
Answer:
The dome shaped settlements on the moon resembled the igloos of the Eskimos.

Question 10.
Where were the children escorted to, on the moon?
Answer:
The children were escorted through an airtight tunnel to the settlement at the Neil Armstrong base on the moon.

Question 11.
Quote the first words uttered by a human on the moon. Who uttered them and when?
Answer:
The first words uttered by a human on the moon was, ‘One small step, for a man, one giant leap for mankind’.
These words were uttered by Neil Armstrong who was the first man to put his foot on the moon.

Question 12.
Say whether the following statements are right or wrong.

1. Sayali was travelling in space for the first time.
2. Many changes had occurred on the earth in the hundred years before Sayali’s trip to the moon.
3. There were no old cities left on the earth.
4. Sayali’s mother did not want her to go on the trip.
5. There were no human settlements on the moon.
6. Sayali made a hasty purchase.
7. Sayali did not understand the mistake she had made.

Answer:

1. Right
2. Right
3. Wrong
4. Wrong
5. Wrong
6. Right
7. Wrong.

Question 13.
Discuss: In the story, human settlements are mentioned but not cities or villages. Why is it so?
Answer:
There are no cities or villages on the moon but just human settlements because according to me people have just started settling on the moon, making it their home.

I Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
State whether the statements true or false.
1. The three days of the trip were going to be part of the daytime on the moon.
2. The stars are seen rarely and very brightly on the earth.
Answer:
1. False
2. False.

Question 2.
Choose the correct answer.
In the moon sky the earth looked times bigger than the moon in the earth sky.
(a) Seventy
(b) Thirteen
(c) Seventeen
Answer:
(b) Thirteen

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
What did the beautiful enchanting view make Sayali and her friends feel?
Answer:
The beautiful enchanting view made Sayali and her friends feel ecstatic.

Question 2.
What was special about the sky watch on the moon?
Answer:
The speciality about the sky watch was that the stars shone dazzling bright against the dark background of the moon sky because there is no atmosphere on the moon.

Question 3.
What does it tell you about the conditions on the earth at that time?
Answer:
The conditions on the earth at that time was usually foggy and the stars were seen rarely and only very faintly.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Pick out a word from the extract which means – ‘not clear’.
Answer:
Foggy

Question 2.
Find the odd man out:
Moon, stars, earth, bright
Answer:
Bright – the rest are nouns.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Pick out the adjective.
They fell asleep feeling happy, excited and comfortable at the same time.
Answer:
Asleep, happy, excited, comfortable.

Question 2.
The most attractive view was that of the disc of the earth! (State the kind of sentence)
Answer:
Exclamatory.

Question 3.
Pick out two compound words from the extract.
Answer:
background, comfortable, daylight, night-time.

Question 4.
It was seventy times brighter. (Adda question tag)
Answer:
It was seventy times brighter, wasn’t it?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
How does the moon look to you from the earth?
Answer:
To me the moon looks like a round shiny ball of cotton. Sometimes, I feel that the moon looks like a pizza layered with cheese. I love to look at the full moon and dream of being there someday.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
1. The second day’s attraction was a ………. on the moon!
2. ………… and her friends had travelled far and wide and had done a lot of sight-seeing.
Answer:
1. circus
2. Sayali

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. One unique feature of the circus was the seating arrangement.
2. The guide had assigned them the task of writing stories about the circus.
Answer:
1. True
2. False

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Where did the teacher take the students on the second day?
Answer:
The teacher took the students to the circus on the moon on the second day.

Question 2.
What was the unique feature of the circus?
Answer:
The unique feature of the circus was the seating arrangement.

Question 3.
What were the special attractions of the circus?
Answer:
The special attractions of the circus were high jumps and long jumps.

Question 4.
What could be the reason behind the unique seating arrangement?
Answer:
The unique seating arrangement with the spectators sitting inside the tent and the circus going on outside could be because the gravitational force in the tents was artificially maintained according to the earth’s gravitational force which helped the spectators to remain in one place without bouncing around and watching the circus which was taking place outside the tent where the gravitational force of the moon was at work. This helped the performers perform unique stunts as well.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Identify the plurals of the following words.

1. friend
2. metre
3. feature
4. tent
5. teacher.

Answer:

1. friends
2. metres
3. features
4. tents
5. teachers.

Question 2.
Pick out compound words from the passage.
Answer:
outside, self-study, sight-seeing.

Grammar:

Question 1.
One gymnast jumped twenty seven metres high! (Add a question tag)
Answer:
One gymnast jumped twenty seven metres high, didn’t he?

Question 2.
It was expected that the students should spend some time for self-study.
(Frame a ‘Wh’ question so as to get the underlined
words as the answer.)
Answer:
What was expected from they students?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What would be the overall effects of having no atmosphere?
Answer:
Atmosphere is a protective layer of gases that envelopes the earth. It consists of a number of gases including nitrogen, oxygen and many more.
Life depends on the atmosphere.

• If there was no atmosphere the intense light and harmful radiation of the sun would harm life.
• Every creature depending on oxygen from the smallest ant to the biggest whales would perish. There
• would be no oceans because in the absence of atmosphere, oceans would just evaporate due to the scorching heat of the sun.
• No water for living because there would be no water-cycle.
• The temperature would be so high that everything would get burnt.
• Atmosphere protects asteroid strikes on the earth.
• To sum it up, without atmosphere there would be no life.

Answer the following.

Question 1.
Collective noun: Collective noun is the name given to a number of persons, animals or things taken as a whole, (one single collective unit)
Examples:

1. Persons – staff, team, crowd, jury, committee, gang, crew, choir, class
2. Animals- flock, herd, shoal, swarm, pride, pack, brood
3. Things – bunch, pile, stack, flight, pile collection, bouquet, library

Make a collection of collective nouns.

• an army of soldiers
• a fleet of ships
• a brood of chickens
• a collection of pictures/stamps
• a flight of steps
• a pride of lions
• apackof wolves
• a litter of puppies/kittens
• a bunch of keys/flowers
• a gang/band of thieves

Question 2.
Punctuate the following sentences.

1. a Jam packed three day’s programme awaited the children on the moon
2. be careful when you walk dear children don’t run or sprint you will fall
3. she exclaimed hello dear how am i going to wear such heavy earrings
4. everyone was looking forward to this visit to the historical monument it was the oldest place in the history of man on the moon

Answer:

1. A jam-packed three day’s programme awaited the children on the moon.
2. “Be careful when you walk, dear children; don’t run, or sprint, you will fall!”
3. She exclaimed, “Hello dear, how am I going to wear such heavy earrings?”
4. Everyone was looking forward to this visit to the historical monument – it was the oldest place in the history of man on the moon.

Question 3.
Find out the collective words for the following:
1. A …….. of shoes.
2. A ………. of mountains.
3. A ………… of ships.
4. A ………….. of flowers.
5. A ……….. of lies.
6. A ………… of wild animals.
Answer:
pair, range, fleet, bouquet, pack, zoo

Question 4.
Identify the plurals of the following.

1. company
2. firm
3. family
4. crowd
5. gang

Answer:

1. companies
2. firms
3. families
4. crowds
5. gangs

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Remembering the incident made her laugh even now. (Frame a ‘Wh’ question so as to get the underlined words as the answer)
Answer:
What made her laugh even now?

Question 2.
She had read the description. (Change the voice)
Answer:
The description had been read by her.

Question 3.
The clouds had disappeared, the stars were shining bright. (Use ‘not only … but also’)
Answer:
Not only had the clouds disappeared but also the stars were also shining bright.

Question 4.
Sayali immediately realized her mistake. (Identify the part of speech for the underlined word)
Answer:
immediately – adverb.

Question 5.
Her mother picked up the earrings. (Change the voice)
Answer:
The earrings were picked up by her mother.

Question 6.
Give me those red earrings. (Kind of sentence)
Answer:
Imperative sentence.

Question 7.
High jumps and long jumps were the special attractions. (Use ‘not only … but also’)
Answer:
Not only high jumps but also long jumps were the special attractions.

Question 8.
A hundred years ago Neil Armstrong had landed at this place. (Frame a question – begin with ’When …’)
Answer:
When had Neil Armstrong landed at this place?

Question 9.
Give me those red earrings. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Give me those red earrings, will you/won’t you?

Question 10.
Use a prefix to get the opposite of:
Answer:

• experience × inexperience
• contented × discontented
• appeared × disappeared
• visible × invisible
• comfortable × uncomfortable
• happy × unhappy
• paid × unpaid
• spent × unspent

Writing Skills

Diary Writing

Question 1.
Write your diary everyday describing your trip to the moon, and also about the day you gifted the earrings to your mother.
Answer:
11th June, 2019
Sunday
We landed safely on the moon. It was a wonderful experience. In the space shuttle I was excited as well as anxious. When we alighted from the space shuttle on the moon, it was a feeling which cannot be expressed in words. On the first day we were taken to the Neil Armstrong base. We were instructed about the things we could and could not do.

We were told about the differences in the gravitational force on the moon and in the human settlement on the moon. We were a part of the night time on the moon. The stars shone brightly like diamonds. We also saw the earth from the moon. The earth looked thirteen times bigger than the moon and seventy times brighter. The view was so enchanting that we were ecstatic.
12th June, 2019
Monday

We woke up early and got ready for our second day’s attraction. We saw a circus show on the moon! The unique feature of the circus was the seating arrangement. We were made to sit inside the tent and the circus was going on outside the tent. High jumps and long jumps were the main attraction. We also visited various settlements and jotted down important points which would help us in writing an essay on our trip to the moon. My friends and I travelled a lot and did a lot of sight-seeing.
13th June, 2019
Tuesday

Being excited, we were ready before the others. Our teacher took us to that place of historical importance where Neil Armstrong had landed in Apollo II on 20th July, 1969, the space flight that helped the 1st two humans walk on the moon. It was Neil Armstrong who was the first human being to put his foot on the moon. We got to see the first footprint of Neil Armstrong which has been preserved on the moon land. The first words uttered by a human on the moon is also carved at the base of Neil Armstrong’s statue.

We were made to wear space suits for the first time as we were going to roam on the moon experiencing its gravitational force. My friends purchased souvenirs for their families and friends because the next day we were to start our return journey. How these three days have flown by! I am carrying back memories to last a life time.
15th June, 2019
Thursday

I was so excited on the moon that I had not thought of any of my family members, not even mummy! How could I forget her! I remembered mummy just before leaving for the earth, I felt very guilty. In my haste to please my mother, I forgot the instructions given by our escorts and purchased a beautiful pair of red earrings from a shopkeeper outside the settlement. After returning to the earth, the first thing I did was to show mummy the earrings I had brought for her. Mummy picked up the earrings to admire it and found them very heavy. It was then that I realised the blunder I had done. Now those earrings are kept as souvenirs from the moon in our show case.

Formative Assessment:

Question 1.
Prepare a timetable for a trip to the moon. Use your imagination.
Answer:

• Plan ahead before making the trip.
• Research your destination and know what to expect.
• Get the necessary passport/documents.
• Check and get immunization if necessary.
• Keep updated with the current happenings on the moon.
• Learn and understand what should be done/ not done on the moon.
• Have a communication plan with family and friends at home.
• Pack wisely. The lighter the better. Take things you like to wear and plan on wearing it several times.
• Have a good attitude. Keep your mind open.
• Don’t complain.
• Be an observer not a judge. Enjoy your trip.

The Souvenir Summary in English

Introduction:

‘The Souvenir’ written by Lakshman Londhe is a story in the form of a science fiction.

Paraphrase:

‘The Souvenir’ is a story which is a science fiction. A science fiction deals with world that differs from our own as a result of new scientific discoveries, new technologies or different social systems. It is sometimes hard to distinguish science fiction from fantasy. Through this story the writer has tried to tell us the changes which would have taken place by 2069 because of new technologies.

Glossary:

1. souvenir (n) – a thing that is kept as a reminder of a person, place or event
2. awe (n) – amazement
3. abate (v) – subside, to reduce
4. azure (n) – clear blue colour
5. unauthorized (v) – not legal unauthorised (adj) – having no authority
6. enthusiastically (adv) – happily
7. repeatedly (adv) – again and again
8. exorbitantly (adv) – excessively
9. shuttle (n) – a form of transport that travels between two places
10. panorama (n) – an unbroken view of an entire surrounding area, a very wide view, usually a 360° view
11. succession (n) – following in sequence
12. escorted (v) – carefully accompanied
13. genuine (adj) – real
14. ecstatic (adj) – extremely happy
15. unique (adj) – unusual
16. sprint (v) – a short race at top speed
17. jam-packed (adj) – extremely crowded
18. out of the world – extraordinary; not found on the earth
19. far and wide – across a large area
20. precaution (n) – care taken before hand
21. captured (v)- recorded
22. receptionist (n) – a person who greets and deals with visitors
23. outset (v) – start
24. dazzling (adj) – extremely bright
25. foggy (adj) – unclear
26. uttered (v) – said

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Motion and Types of Motion Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Motion and Types of Motion

Class 6 Science Chapter 9 Motion and Types of Motion Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Identify the types of motion.

Question a.
Movement of the earth around the sun: …………… .
Answer:
periodic, drcular

Question b.
Movement of ceiling fan: …………… .
Answer:
circular

Question c.
A rocket launched from the ground: ……….. .
Answer:
linear

Question d.
A fish swimming in water: ……… .
Answer:
random

Question e.
The plucked string of a sitar:………….. .
Answer:
oscillatory motion

2. Fill in the blanks.
(linear, non-linear, uniform linear, non-uniform linear, uniform circular, random, circular, non-uniform circular)

Question a.
If a ball is released from the terrace of a building, it comes down in ………… motion. On the other hand, it reaches the ground in ………… motion if it is thrown with a force away from the terrace in a direction parallel to the terrace.
Answer:
uniform linear, non-uniform linear

Question b.
The motion of an aeroplane on the runway before take off is …………. .
Answer:
linear

Question c.
The kite looking for its prey flies with …………. motion in the sky.
Answer:
circular

Question d.
Children sitting in a rotating giant wheel have ………. motion, while those sitting in a merry-go-round have a ………. motion.
Answer:
uniform circular, non-uniform circular

3. How are we different?.

Question a.
Oscillatory motion and Linear motion.
Answer:

Oscillatory motion	Linear motion
1. In oscillatory motion, body swings back and forth. e.g. Motion of a swing, motion of pendulum of a clock.	1. In linear motion, an object shows displacement in a straight line, e.g. A train in motion, motion of marching soldiers.

Question b.
Linear motion and Random motion
Answer:

Linear motion	Random motion
1. Motion in a straight line is called linear motion. e.g. Motion of a train	1. The motion that changes its direction and speed continuously is called random motion, e.g. Motion of a bird.

Question c.
Random motion and Oscillatory motion
Answer:

Random motion	Oscillatory motion
1 The motion that changes its direction and speed continuously is called random motion, e.g. Motion of a butterfly	1. The motion of a body that is swinging back and forth is called oscillatory motion, e.g. Pendulum of a clock, the wing of a bird.

4. Explain in your own words, giving one example each.

Question a.
Linear motion
Answer:
An object that shows displacement along a straight line is called linear motion, e.g. A vehicle moving on a road.

Question b.
Oscillatory motion
Answer:
The motion of a body swinging back and forth is called oscillatory motion, e.g. Motion of a pendulum of a clock.

Question c.
Circular motion
Answer:
The motion of an object along a circular path is called circular motion, e.g. Motion of a ceiling fan.

Question d.
Random motion
Answer:
The motion that changes its direction and speed continuously is called random motion, e.g. Motion of a butterfly.

Question e.
Periodic motion
Answer:
The repetitive motion in which the moving object passes through a certain point again and again after a fixed period is called as periodic motion, e.g. The minute hand of a clock.

5. Answer the following questions in your own words. 

Question a.
Which types of motion are seen in birds flying in the sky?
Answer:

1. The birds flying in the sky exhibit random motion.
2. The wings of the birds show oscillatory motion.

Question b.
Write in detail about your experience of various types of motion while riding a bicycle on a road.
Answer:

1. The cycle itself shows linear motion.
2. The wheels of the cycle show circular motion.
3. The cycle chain shows periodic motion, if the speed is uniform.
4. The handle bar shows random motion.

6. Complete the puzzle using words for types of motion: 

Question a.
Complete the puzzle using the words for types of motion.
1. A spring is stretched and one end is released.
2. A minute hand.
3. A see-saw.
4-5.  Children in a march past.
6. A stone rolling down a hillside.

Answer:

1. Oscillatory
2. Circular
3. Periodic
4. Uniform
5. Linear
6. Random

Activity:

Question 1.
Make a list of various moving objects in the environment, and discuss the types of motion seen in them.

Class 6 Science Chapter 9 Motion and Types of Motion Important Questions and Answers

Identify the types of motion.

Question 1.
The movement of a see-saw.
Answer:
oscillatory motion

Question 2.
The motion of a moving ant.
Answer:
random

Question 3.
The marching army soldiers.
Answer:
linear

Question 4.
A train approaching a station.
Answer:
non-uniform linear

Question 5.
A meteor falling from the sky.
Answer:
linear

Fill in the blanks with suitable words from those given in the bracket:
(linear, non-linear, uniform linear, non-uniform linear, uniform circular, random, circular, non-uniform circular)

Question 1.
The motion that changes its speed and direction continuously is called ………. .
Answer:
random

Choose the correct alternative:

Question 1.
A baby is crawling. The motion is said to be …………….. .
(a) linear
(b) periodic
(c) circular
(d) random
Answer:
(d) random

Question 2.
The children are having a 50m running race. The motion exhibited is ………….. motion.
(a) linear
(b) periodic
(c) random
(d) circular
Answer:
(a) linear

Question 3.
The motions of the hands of a clock are ………….. and …………. .
(a) periodic, linear
(b) periodic, circular
(c) non-linear, non-uniform
(d) circular, non-uniform
Answer:
(b) periodic, circular

Question 4.
The motion of a pendulum of a clock is ……………. .
(a) linear
(b) oscillatory
(c) circular
(d) random
Answer:
(b) oscillatory

Question 5.
The motion of a butterfly from one flower to another flower is an example of …………… motion.
(a) circular
(b) periodic
(c) linear
(d) random
Answer:
(d) random

Question 6.
The distance traversed by an object in a unit time is called ……….. of that object.
(a) length
(b) motion
(c) speed
(d) displacement
Answer:
(c) speed

Explain it in your own words, giving one example of each.

Question 1.
Uniform linear motion
Answer:
When the distance traversed by an object along a straight line in unit time is the same, the motion is called as uniform linear motion, e.g. Motion of soldiers on parade.

Question 2.
Non-uniform linear motion
Answer:
When the distance traversed by an object along a straight line in unit time keeps on changing, the motion is called non-uniform linear motion.
e.g. A girl coming down a slide.

Question 3.
Non-linear motion
Answer:
The motion of an object that does not move in a straight line is called non-linear motion.
e.g. Motion of a swing,

Question 4.
Speed
Answer:
The distance traversed by an object in unit time is called the speed of that object.
e.g. A boy riding on a bicycle covers a distance of 15 kilometres in 3 hours.
Hence Speed = \(\frac{15}{3}\) = 5 kilometres/hour

Answer the following:

Question 1.
In which muscial instruments can you see oscillatory motion?
Answer:
Vibrating diaphragm of tabla, drum, dhol and strings of sitar, guitar show oscillatory motions.

Question 2.
With reference to types of motion, complete the table below.

Answer:

1. Non-linear
2. Uniform
3. Oscillatory
4. Periodic
5. Random.

Read the following stories and answer the questions.

Rita and Geetha are friends travelling from Mumbai to Pune. Seetha had come to the station to see her friends off. After 15 minutes train starts moving. Rita and Geetha feel that Seetha and the vendors on platform are moving backwards. Whereas, Seetha feels that Rita and Geetha are moving forward. Rita feels Geetha is not in motion and Geetha also feels Rita is not in motion. Can you say why?

Question a.
Are Rita and Geetha in motion?
Answer:
Rita and Geetha are not in motion as far as each other are concerned, as no displacement takes place. Both are in a train. For Seetha, both of them are in motion.

Question b.
Are the vendors and Seetha in motion?
Answer:
No, the vendors and Seetha are not in motion. But Rita and Geetha feel as if they are moving backwards.

Question c.
What can you conclude from this passage?
Answer:
An object which is in motion for one person may not be in motion for another. This shows that motion is relative.

Observe and discuss:

Question 1.
Observe the figure and classify the type of motion.


Answer:

1. Circular motion
2. Linear motion
3. Circular motion
4. Linear motion
5. Oscillatory motion
6. Oscillatory motion
7. Circular motion
8. Circular motion
9. Bird – Random; Wings – Oscillatory motion
10. Circular motion
11. Linear, circular

Can you tell?

Question 1.
While chasing a butterfly in a garden, do you run along a definite path or in the same direction all the time?
Answer:
No, we move in random motion.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands

Class 7 English Chapter 4.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Study the following format of an informal letter carefully.

Using the format, (a) Write an informal letter to your friend who has gone to another town for a month. (b) Write a personal letter of thank to an elder person.

Answer:
a. Mogra Villa,
B -116,
Linking Road,
Mumbai – 54.
20th June, 2019.

Dear granny,

How are you? I hope you are taking care of your health. I am sure grandpa too is doing good.

Thank you for the wonderful present you have sent me on my birthday! It was really overwhelming to be remembered and I felt so specially when I received my favourite ‘Harry Potter’ book series.

I enjoyed reading the first book and I am sharing it with my friends too. I am sure to improve my reading skills after reading these books. I will remember you everytime I look at the books or read them.

Thank you granny, I really appreciate your thought and love. Hoping to see you soon. Bye and take care.

Give my love to grandpa.
Your loving granddaughter,
XYZ

b. 73, Minar Road,
Bandra (West),
Mumbai – 50.
21st June, 2019.

Dear Rohini,

How are you? I am sure you are doing good. How is the weather in Pune? You told me that you had to go to Pune for a month because you were selected for the women’s cricket coaching.

I know you have never been to Pune before. Are you excited? Where are you staying? How is the coaching going on? I wish I too was selected. We could have had fun together. How are the other girls who have come for the same? I know that they have come from different places from Maharashtra. Have you made any new friends? I know your nature will be liked by all and you are going to do your best. I am already missing you. Counting the days and waiting for the month to come to an end quickly.

I know you are busy with your new opportunities. Wish you all the luck. Take care and remain healthy.

Your loving friend,
XYZ

2. Form a group of four to six. As a group activity, write a conversation In which a person/a group of persons thanks, someone.

Question 1.
Form a group of four to six. As a group activity, write a conversation In which a person/a group of persons thanks someone.
Answer:

• Mona: Wow! What a pleasant surprise!
• Tina: Mona, I have come to thank you for picking up my child from school.
• Mona: You didn’t need to do that. Anyway I was picking up my child too.
• Tina: I was unable to pick her on time. Knowing I could rely on You made me breathe a huge sigh of relief.
• Mona: You could have called me. Why did you take the trouble of coming home all the way?
• Tina: No It was not a trouble for me. I wanted to thank you personally. I do appreciate your willingness to help. Thank you once again for the timely help at such a short notice.
• Mona: Thank you for appreciating. You can count on me anytime. I know you have a very busy schedule. Don’t worry, 111 always be there when you need me.
• Tina: I won’t make it a habit but thank you once again for being such a wonderful person.
• Mona: It will be my pleasure to be of any help possible and thank you for the kind words

Class 7 English Chapter 4.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Additional Important Questions and Answers

Formal letter (A letter of thanks).

Question 1.
Write a letter of thanks to the owner of a shop.
Answer:
Mogra Villa,
B -116,
Linking Road,
Mumbai – 54.
3rd July, 2017.

To,
Mr. Singh,
Shop No. – 25 Vile Parle (E),
Mumbai – 57.
Mr Singh,

I would like to convey my thanks to you and your team of salesmen. They have done a wonderful job.

My mother who is quite elderly and has difficulty in hearing, had visited your store. She was overwhelmed by the helpful treatment. She praised your team and you too, who have made them so. If everyone could be as pleasant and helpful, our world would be a better and much happier place.

I thank you from the bottom of my heart and please convey my appreciation and thanks to your team as well.

With warm regards.
Thanking you,
Yours sincerely,
XYZ

Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Summary in English

This chapter teaches us how to write a letter whether informal or formal. An informal letter is written in a friendly manner to your family, friends and near and dear ones. A formal letter is a professional way of communicating for official purpose. It can be in the way of appreciation, complaint or application.
A letter of thanks can be formal or informal.

Introduction:

This chapter ‘Seeing Eyes Helping Hands’ introduces us to a couple of writing skills in the form of letter writing and dialogue writing.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 14 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 14 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Class 7 Science Chapter 14 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Who are my companions?

Question a.

Column ‘A’	Column B’
1. Stainless steel	a. Non-metal
2. Silver	b. Compound
3. Bhajani mixture for milling	c. Mixture
4. Salt	d. Element
5. Coal	e. Alloy
6. Hydrogen	f. Metal

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column B’
1. Stainless steel	e. Alloy
2. Silver	f. Metal
3. Bhajani mixture for milling	c. Mixture
4. Salt	b. Compound
5. Coal	a. Non-metal
6. Hydrogen	d. Element

2. Write the names of elements from the following symbols:
Zn, Cd, Xe, Br, Ti, Cu, Fe, Si, Ir, Pt.

Question a.
Write the names of elements from the following symbols:
Zn, Cd, Xe, Br, Ti, Cu, Fe, Si, Ir, Pt.
Answer:

Symbol	Element
Zn	Zinc
Cd	Cadmium
Xe	Xenon
Br	Bromine
Ti	Titanium
Cu	Copper
Fe	Iron
Si	Silicon
Ir	Iridium
Pt	Platinum

3. What are the molecular formulae of the following compounds?
(Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid, Sodium chloride, Glucose, Methane)

Question a.
What are the molecular formulae of the following compounds?
(Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid, Sodium chloride, Glucose, Methane)
Answer:

• Hydrochloric acid → HCl
• Sulphuric acid → H₂SO₄
• Sodium Chloride → NaCl
• Glucose → C₆H₁₂O₆
• Methane → CH₄
• Water → H₂O
• Carbon dioxide → CO₂
• Sucrose (sugar) → C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

4. Give scientific reasons:

Question a.
Buttermilk is churned to get butter.
Answer:

1. Churning is the process of shaking up buttermilk to make butter.
2. Butter is essentially the fat of milk.
3. Churning physically agitates the cream until it ruptures the membrane surrounding milk fat
4. Fat droplets can join with each other to form clumps of fat.

Question b.
In Chromatography the ingredients of a mixture rise up to a limited height when water rises up to the upper end of the paper.
Answer:
In Chromatography two properties of substances are used, (a) They are the stability of the substances in the solvent that moves up. The ability of the substance to stick to the stationary filter paper, (b) So all the components of the mixture do not rise all the way to the upper end of the filter paper but remain behind at limited heights.

Question c.
A wet cloth is wrapped around a water storage container in summer.
Answer:
A wet cloth will absorb the heat from the surroundings and it will keep the water in the container, cool for a longer time.

5. Explain the difference.

Question a.
Metals and Non-metals
Answer:

Metals	Non-metals
1. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.	1. Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
2. Metals are solids at room temperature except for mercury.	2. Non-metals exists in all three states.
3. Metals are lustrous, (shiny)	3. Non-metals are not lustrous, (dull appearance) except graphite.
4. Metals are malleable (can be hammered into sheets)	4. Non-metals are brittle, not malleable.
5. Metals are ductile, can be drawn into wire.	5. Non-metals are not ductile.
6. Metals are very hard and strong.	6. Non-metals are brittle, will break down into pieces except diamond.

Question b.
Mixture and Compound
Answer:

Mixture	Compound
1. The different substances are not chemically joined together to form a mixture but mixed physically.	1. A compound is formed when two or more elements chemically combine together e.g. H2O → chemical formula of water.
2. Each substance in the mixture retains its own properties	2. Compound has fixed properties.
3. Mixtures are impure substances.	3. Compounds are pure substances.
4. Substances from the mixture can easily be separated by physical methods.	4. The constituents of a compound can be separated only by chemical methods.
5. The constituents of a mixture are present in varying proportions.	5. The constituents of a compound are present in fixed proportion.

Question c.
Atoms and Molecules
Answer:

Atoms	Molecules
1. An atom is the fundamental part of matter.	1. A molecule is a group of chemically bonded atoms.
2. Atoms are basic building blocks of matter.	2. Molecule is the smallest unit of a chemical compound
3. It is foundation of molecules.	3. It is foundation of chemical compound.

Question d.
Separation by distillation and Separation by separating funnel
Answer:

Separation by distillation	Separation by separating funnel
1. Distillation is used for purification of impure liquids, for separating liquid and solids (Separation of mixture containing two miscible liquids) e.g. to separate salt and water from saltwater.	1. This procedure is used for separating two liquids e.g. separating oil and water, (two immiscible liquids)

6. Write answers to the following questions in your own words.

Question a.
How are the components of mixture separated by simple methods?
Answer:
1. Component of mixtures are separated by straining, filtering, sifting, picking, sorting, winnowing, combing with a magnet and sublimation.
2. In a mixture, the constituent substances do not lose their identity, they can be separated easily by physical methods.
a. Sedimentation: (i) It is a process of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid in which it is suspended, by allowing it to settle to the bottom of the container, e.g. Muddy water contains heavier particles like sand and soil, (ii) Leave this muddy water undisturbed for some time, (iii) The heavier soil and sand particles settle down and the clear upper water is poured out by decantation.

b. Filtration: It is used for separating insoluble solids from a liquid, e.g. mixture of chalk and water is poured through a filter paper in a funnel while the water gets

collected in the beaker below, chalk is retained in the filter paper.

c. Evaporation: It is used for recovering dissolved solid substances from solutions by evaporation e.g. sugar can be recovered from sugar-water.

d. Distillation: It is a process of heating a solution containing soluble solids to form vapours of the liquid and then cooling the vapours to get the liquid back. e.g. A mixture of common salt and water is taken in distillation flask and heated. Steam rises up and comes out into condenser.

e. Sublimation: It is a process in which some solids on heating are transformed directly to vapour without passing through the liquid state, (i) It is used to separate a mixture of solids. The vapours are cooled separately, (ii) Used to separate ammonium chloride, iodine, camphor and sulphur from any mixture.

f. Magnetic separation: A mixture with iron fillings as one of the components can be separated using magnet to attract the iron particles away from the mixture.

Question b.
Which elements (metals, non-metals) compounds and mixtures do we use in our day to day life?
Answer:
Elements – non-metal

• Oxygen, nitrogen → present in air
• Hydrogen → present in water
• Silicon → in memory card
• Lithium → to make batteries
• Neon → in neon signs/lights
• Sulphur → used in water treatment, agricultural pesticides

Elements – metals

• Calcium → in milk
• Silver, gold → used in jewellery
• Aluminium, copper, iron → Kitchen vessels
• Mercury → in thermometer
• Copper → electric wires

Compounds:

• Sodium chloride → table salt
• Sodium carbonate → washing soda
• Sodium bicarbonate → baking soda
• Sodium hypochloride → bleaching powder
• Sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide → in making soaps
• Calcium oxide, Calcium hydroxide → in white washing the buildings.
• Hydrochloric acid → in cleaning toilets
• Sucrose → sugar used in cooking and baking.

Mixtures:

• Bhel → mixture of puffed rice, sev, groundnuts, lemon juice
• Concrete → mixture of cement, sand and rocks
• Salad → mixture of onion, cucumber, tomato, lettuce, etc.
  Sherbet and saltwater are also mixtures.

Question c.
In everyday life, where and for what purpose do we use centrifugation?
Answer:
Centrifugation: It is a process which involves application of centrifugal force.
1. It is used in industrial and laboratory settings. It is used for separation of fluids, gas or liquid based on density. In centrifugation mixture is separated through spinning and the solid settles to the bottom and the solution is clear.

2. Best example of centrifugal force is working of washing machine when it dries the clothes. The wet clothes are moving in circular path and a force acts on water particles in clothes and this force pulls water all outer side. Force involved is centrifugal force which removes the water from the clothes and clothes are dried in this way.

3. Cream separation: When the machine moves, the rod set inside milk moves and milk is pressurised and solid part from this milk goes outside due to centrifugal force and this solid part is cream. In this way the cream is separated from the milk.

Question d.
Where are methods of separation by distillation and by separating funnel used?
Answer:
1. Distillation: It is the process of separating the components or substances from a compound. It is a process of heating a solution containing soluble solids to form vapours of the liquid and then cooling the vapours to get the liquid back.
Distillation method is used in the following:

• to separate components of air into oxygen, nitrogen, argon, etc.
• to separate salt from saltwater.
• to purify impure liquids.
• to prepare distilled water.

2. Separating funnel: When a mixture of two immiscible liquids is left undisturbed, two layers are clearly seen to have formed, (a) The heavier of the liquids remain below and the lighter liquid floats on it. (b) So two liquids in a mixture can be separated by making use of this property, e.g.

• to separate kerosene and water.
• to separate oil and water.

Question e.
Which precaution will you take while using the methods of distillation and separation by separating funnel?
Answer:
In using distillation:

1. Allow sufficient space to work in, working area should be well lit and well ventilated to prevent the accumulation of alcoholic vapours.
2. Keep a fire extinguisher handy.
3. There should be no obstruction in the piping that could cause pressure build-up in the stills and cause it to burst.

In using separating funnel:

1. Stopper should be tightly fitted so that the solution does not leak out when the separating funnel is inverted.
2. Never throw any layer away until you are absolutely sure that you isolated the final product.

Project:

Question a.
Visit a jaggery or a sugar factory. Obtain information about the methods that are used to separate the components of the mixture while making jaggery or sugar. Present it in the class.

Class 7 Science Chapter 14 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks and rewrite the sentences:

Question 1.
………………, ……………….. and are three states of matter.
Answer:
Solid, liquid, gaseous

Question 2.
Molecules in ……………….. phase of matter are tightly packed together.
Answer:
solid

Question 3.
A ……………….. has a definite volume, but not a definite shape, it takes the shape of its container.
Answer:
liquid

Question 4.
The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid is called ……………….. .
Answer:
freezing point

Question 5.
Anything that takes up space and has mass is called ……………….. .
Answer:
matter

Question 6.
A ……………….. has no definite shape and no definite volume.
Answer:
Gas

Question 7.
The amount of space that matter occupies is called ……………….. .
Answer:
volume

Question 8.
A ……………….. has a definite shape and definite volume.
Answer:
solid

Question 9.
When a liquid is heated it will ……………….. .
Answer:
expand

Question 10.
A ……………….. is formed by mixing different elements or compounds.
Answer:
mixture

Question 11.
The substance formed by a chemical combination of two or more elements is called a ……………….. .
Answer:
compound

Question 12.
The elements that show some properties of metals and non-metals are called ……………….. .
Answer:
metalloids

Question 13.
Elements are generally classified into ……………….. and ……………….. .
Answer:
metal, non-metals

Question 14.
The smallest particles of substances are called ……………….. .
Answer:
molecules

Question 15.
To date, scientists have discovered ……………….. elements and of these ……………….. elements occur in nature.
Answer:
118, 92

Question 16.
……………….. was the first scientist to use symbols for elements.
Answer:
Berzelius

Question 17.
Symbol for Tungsten is and it is ……………….. and it is derived from its German name ……………….. .
Answer:
W, Wolfram

Question 18.
22-carat gold is an ……………….. of gold.
Answer:
alloy

Question 19.
……………….. of a compound is a short form of its name written using symbols of its constituent elements.
Answer:
Molecular formula

Question 20.
For separating insoluble particles of blood (blood cells) from its liquid part (plasma), ……………….. method is used.
Answer:
centrifugation

Give scientific reason.

Question 1.
Saltwater is a mixture.
Answer:

1. The salt and water are mixed to give saltwater and can both be separated.
2. It can be separated by boiling saltwater.
3. Water can be obtained by condensation whereas the salt will be leftover.
4. As the salt and water do not react chemically and they are separated by simple processes therefore saltwater is called a mixture.

Question 2.
Classify the following substances according to their properties
(water, thermocol, soil, iron, coal, paper, rubber, copper, coir, plastic)
Answer:

Metals	Mixtures	Compounds
Copper, Iron	Soil, Thermocol	Paper, Coir, Plastic, Rubber, Water

Can you tell?

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What are objects made of?
Answer:
An object is made of a certain substance, (i) The term matter is also used as a synonym of substance, (ii) Object is made of matter.

Question 2.
What are these articles of everyday use made of?
Answer:

• Electric wire → copper-metal
• Kitchen utensils → stainless steel, Brass-alloy (aluminium-metal).
• Nails → iron-metal
• Tables, chairs → wood, plastic
• Sugar → sucrose
• Window panes → glass
• Salt → NaCl (Sodium chloride) it is a compound.

Question 3.
What do the short-forms Dr, H.M., AC, Adv., C.M., DC stand for?
Answer:
Short forms of Dr. – Doctor, H.M. – Headmaster, AC – Air conditioner, Adv – Advance, C.M. – Chief Minister, DC – Direct current

Question 4.
Which metals do we use in day-to-day life?
Answer:

• Gold and silver → used in jewellery, computer and solar cells
• Iron, copper, aluminium → used to make utensils
• Copper → used in electrical gadgets
• Tungsten → used in electric bulbs.
• Zinc → for coating on iron to prevent rusting
• Tin → for coating on copper and brass vessels
• Iron → nails, agricultural equipments, in construction of buildings, to make steel

Question 5.
Are metals elements?
Answer:
Yes, metals are elements.

Question 6.
Which element helps combustion?
Answer:
Oxygen helps combustion.

Question 7.
Does water help combustion?
Answer:

1. Water is formed by a combination of hydrogen and oxygen but does not help combustion.
2. It is used to extinguish a fire.

Question 8.
What are the mixtures used in everyday life?
Answer:
Oil and water, lemon juice and sherbet, bhel, honey and tea, milk and chocolate, coffee and cream, salt and water, smog (smoke + fog) air (oxygen + nitrogen), salad, milk.

Question 9.
Are all mixtures useful to us?
Answer:
No, adulterated foodstuff is also a kind of mixture and it is not useful. It is harmful, because when an unwanted and harmful substance is mixed with another substance the resulting mixture no longer remains useful.

Question 10.
How will you separate each component from a mixture of semolina, salt and iron filings?
Answer:

1. If a magnet is moved through this mixture all iron filings will stick to the magnet, remove them.
2. Add water to the remaining mixture, all salt will dissolve and then filter through filter paper.
3. Samolina will settle in filter paper.
4. The filtrate will be saltwater and salt can be separated by evaporation or distillation.

Use your brainpower!

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
In day to day life we come across many things in our surroundings. We touch them, we study their properties. Are all these things made from only one kind of matter or from more than one kind of matters?
Answer:

1. Things are made from only one kind of matter or may be made from more than one kind of matter.
2. When a matter is made up of only one type of atoms it is called an element.
3. We find many elements in our surroundings.
4. But we also see many substances which are made up of two or more elements they are called compounds.
5. Also we see many substances which are formed by physically mixing two or more elements, they are called mixtures.

Question 2.
Classify the following according to the nature of matter in them – whether it is made from one kind of matter or from more than one kind of matter, and whether it is in solid, liquid or gaseous state: an engraved idol, gold, milk, water, a plank, concrete, salt, soil, coal, smoke, sherbet, cooked khichadi, steam.
Answer:

Question 3.
Which of the following are mixtures?
(water, sharbet, iron, steel, coal, air, salt, copper, brass, soil)
Answer:
Mixtures: sherbet, steel, air, brass and soil

Question 4.
Which elements are present in air?
Answer:
Nearly all of the earth’s atmosphere is made up of gases → Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Argon and Neon, Helium and Krypton.

Question 5.
Is carbon dioxide an element?
Answer:
No, carbon dioxide is a compound. A molecule of the compound CO₂ contains one atom of the element carbon and two atoms of the element oxygen.

Question 6.
What are the properties of elements due to?
Answer:
Properties of elements are due to molecules present in it. The molecules are made of one or more atoms which are exactly alike. The mass and volume of atoms of different elements are different.

Question 7.
Are the atoms of different elements similar or dissimilar?
Answer:
The atoms of different elements are dissimilar.

Question 8.
Is the water that falls from clouds naturally pure?
Answer:

1. Any form of water that falls from the clouds is known as precipitation. Several forms → rain, snow, hail stones.
2. Yes, it is pure as water vapours condense to form rain.
3. The same process is used in distillation to obtain the purest water.

Question 9.
Which properties of a liquid are seen in the distillation method?
Answer:
Liquid when boiled turns into gaseous state (e.g. water vapours) and on cooling it condenses to liquid.

Question 10.
For what purposes is distilled water used?
Answer:
Distilled water is used in pharmacy as a solvent, in photography to wash the negatives, in laboratory experiments and in cleaning medical tools.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.a.
Take a piece of chalk and keep on dividing it in to smaller pieces, what will happen?
Answer:
We will get very tiny particles of chalk.

Question b.
Wipe a drop of ink with a handkerchief what effect does it have on the cloth of the handkerchief?
Answer:
The cloth will absorb the ink drop and cloth will have a stain mark on it.

Question c.
What happens when the lid of a bottle of perfume is opened?
Answer:
The molecules of perfume move out of the bottle and collide with other molecules in the air and eventually perfume spreads throughout the room.

Question 2.
Fill water in a spray pump, spray the water and observe the spray.
Answer:
When we spray the water, spray is composed of small particles of water. They are very tiny that we can not see them.

Question 3.
Take water in a tea pot and cover it, heat the water to a boil. What do you see on the inside of the lid?
Answer:

1.  When we boil the water in a tea pot it boils and changes into gaseous state.
2. We find vapours (steam) but when we cover it with a lid, the water vapour cools down, condenses into liquid. So we find water droplets on the inside of the lid.

Question 4.a.
Take sugar in a test tube and heat the test tube. Observe what happens. What remains behind?
Answer:
When a test tube containing sugar is heated, the sugar melts and then it loses water leaving behind a black substance. This black substance is carbon.
Sugar is sucrose, a molecule of sugar is composed of 12 atoms of carbon, 22 atoms of hydrogen and 11 atoms of oxygen. (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁).

1. Sugar is a compound made from these three elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
2. It is a Carbohydrate.

Question b.
Using tongs hold a magnesium ribbon in a flame and observe what changes took place?
Answer:
When a magnesium ribbon is ignited, light and heat are produced. Magnesium reacts chemically with oxygen in the air
2Mg_(s) + O_2(g) → 2MgO_(s)
Magnesium oxide is produced.

Question c.
What does the name carbon dioxide imply – how many and which elements is this substance made of?
Answer:

1. Carbon dioxide is a compound. It is a tasteless, odourless gas. It is a natural product of respiration.
2. Plants use this to produce food.
3. Humans breath out the CO₂.

[A molecule of the compound carbon dioxide contains one atom of the element carbon and two atoms of the element oxygen.]

Question d.
Which of these are compound, which are elements?
Answer:

• Water → compound H₂O (hydrogen + oxygen), Oxygen → Element
• Carbon dioxide → compound CO₂ (Carbon + Oxygen)

Question e.
What is the smallest particle of a compound called?
Answer:
The smallest particle of a compound is called molecule.

Question 5.
From the internet or reference books obtain information about elements and prepare a table according to the format given below:
Answer:

Question 6.
Some methods of separating the components of a mixture.

Answer:

1. Winnowing
2. Filteration
3. Hand picking
4. Churning
5. Sieving

Question 7.
What is a molecular formula?
Answer:
Like an element, a compound is also written in an abridged form. A molecule of a compound is formed by a chemical combination of atoms of two or more elements. Therefore a molecular formula is used to represent a compound. Molecular formula of a compound is a short form of its name written with the help of the symbols of constituent elements and the number of their respective atoms, e.g.: Nael – Sodium chloride.

Question 8.
Collect information and prepare table:

Write short notes on:

Question a.
Atoms
Answer:
Atoms are basic building blocks of matter. Desk, chair, air are made up of atoms.

Question b.
Compounds
Answer:
1. A compound is a pure substance that contains two or more elements. Compounds are chemical combination of elements with properties that are different from the elements that formed them.
2. Substance is a compound only if its molecules are made up of atoms of different types e.g. Water, one molecule of water is made of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.

Question c.
Mixtures
Answer:

1. A mixture is two or more elements or compounds which are combined physically but no chemical reaction occurs.
2. This means you can separate them again, e.g. air, brass.

Question 9.
Write short notes on:
(1) Distillation (2) Sublimation (3) Magnetic separation (4) Sedimentation (5) Filtration (6) Evaporation
Answer:
1. Distillation: It is a process of heating a solution containing soluble solids to form vapours of the liquid and then cooling the vapours to get the liquid back. e.g. A mixture of common salt and water is taken in distillation flask and heated. Steam rises up and comes out into condenser.

2. Sublimation: It is a process in which some solids on heating are transformed directly to vapour without passing through the liquid state, (i) It is used to separate a mixture of solids. The vapours are cooled separately, (ii) Used to separate ammonium chloride, iodine, camphor and sulphur from any mixture.

3. Magnetic separation: A mixture with iron fillings as one of the components can be separated using magnet to attract the iron particles away from the mixture.

4. Sedimentation: (i) It is a process of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid in which it is suspended, by allowing it to settle to the bottom of the container, e.g. Muddy water contains heavier particles like sand and soil, (ii) Leave this muddy water undisturbed for some time, (iii) The heavier soil and sand particles settle down and the clear upper water is poured out by decantation.

5. Filtration: It is used for separating insoluble solids from a liquid, e.g. mixture of chalk and water is poured through a filter paper in a funnel while the water gets collected in the beaker below, chalk is retained in the filter paper.

6. Evaporation: It is used for recovering dissolved solid substances from solutions by evaporation e.g. sugar can be recovered from sugar-water.

Question 10.
Name the method you will use to separate the following mixtures:

1. Cream from buttermilk.
2. Mud from muddy water.
3. Stones from grains.
4. Tea leaves from boiled tea.
5. Salt from water.
6. Kerosene and water.
7. Blood cells and plasma.
8. Ink from water

Answer:

1. Churning
2. Sedimentation and decantation
3. hand picking
4. filtration
5. distillation
6. separating funnel
7. Centrifugation
8. Chromatography

Question 11.
Draw the experimental setup of weperation using separating funnel:
Answer:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.4 Home Sweet Home Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.4 Home Sweet Home

Class 7 English Chapter 4.4 Home Sweet Home Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write in your own words.

Question a.
How does the poet glorify his home in the first stanza?
Answer:
The poet glorifies his home in the first stanza by saying that we may roam places and stay in palaces but like magic we will get drawn to our home however modest it may be because there
is no place in the world better than our own home.

Question b.
How does the poet describe his home in the second stanza?
Answer:
The poet in the second stanza there is says that all the wonders in the world nothing as compared to his modest home. It is in his humble dwelling that he gets peace of mind which is more precious than anything in the world.

Question c.
What makes the poet remember his mother?
Answer:
The poet spends long periods of time away from home and while gazing at the moon in a faraway place he remembers his mother who must be looking at the moon from their home and remembering her child.

Question d.
What does the poet miss?
Answer:
The poet misses his loving father’s smile and the soothing caress of his loving mother.

Question e.
What does the poet hope for?
Answer:
The poet hopes to return to the warmth and comfort of his humble home and remain there forever.

Question f.
In which professions is a person forced to stay away from his home/homeland for a long time? Try to guess why the poet is forced to stay away from his home.
Answer:
A person is forced to stay away from his home/ homeland for a long time if he is an artist – could be an actor, a writer, a model, a businessman, an interpreter, a trader, a dancer, a singer, etc. A poet needs to be constantly on the move so that he gets inspired to write and create poetry. I think this is the reason the poet is forced to stay away from home.

2. Write out a few things that you would really miss about your home if you were to stay away from it for long.

Question a.
Write out a few things that you would really miss about your home if you were to stay away from it for long.
Answer:

1. I would miss my family members in the first place.
2. I would miss my friends.
3. I would miss the food made at home by my mother.
4. I would miss the love and care I get from my parents and relatives.
5. I would miss the smell of my home, my bed.

Class 7 English Chapter 4.4 Home Sweet Home Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Questions.

Question 1.
State Whether the statements are True or False
1. Though we may roam around palaces, but there is no place like home.
2. The birds sings dolefully and does not respond to the poet’s call
Answer:
1. True
2. False

Poetic Devices.

Question 1.
Pick out the rhyming words from the extract.
Answer:
roam-home, there-elsewhere, rain-again, call-all.

Question 2.
Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam.
Answer:
Alliteration – The sound of ‘p’ is repeated for better poetic effect.

Question 3.
To thee I’ll return, overburdened with care. (Explain the line)
Answer:
The poet says that he’ll return home with a lot of worries.

Question 4.
Pick out the rhyming words from the extract.
Answer:

1. smile – beguile
2. roam – home
3. care – there

Question 5.
Write the rhyme scheme for the first four lines of the extract.
Answer:
The rhyme scheme is aabb.

Name the figures of speech for the following.

Question 1.
How sweet ’tis to sit ‘neath a fond Father’s smile.
Answer:
Alliteration – The sound of’ s’ and’ f’ is repeated for better poetic effect.

Question 2.
But give me, oh, give me, the pleasures of home.
Answer:
Repetition – The words ‘give me’ have been repeated for better poetic effect.

Question 3.
No more from that cottage again will I roam.
Answer:
Inversion – The words are not in order for better poetic effect. The right order is, ‘No more will I roam again from that cottage’.

Question 4.
Be a poet. Try and write a poem on ‘My Home’.
Answer:
My Home

I have a cosy little home,
Made of cement, bricks and dome.
It is coloured beautifully,
With everything arranged wonderfully.
We are a family of five,
When together we come alive.
A place where I can rest.
My home, it is the best.

Home Sweet Home Summary in English

The poet John Howard Payne through his poem conveys the message that ‘Home Sweet Home’ assurs us that there is no place better than home. It is a poem that reaches into the heart. He says that home is a place where we experience independence, safety, privacy and where we can dispense hospitality. The poet says that wherever we might roam or live, there is no comfort like home however big or small it is, because a home is where our family is.

Introduction:

The poem ‘Home Sweet Home’ was written by John Howard Payne, an American actor, poet, playright and author. ‘Home Sweet Home’ is a song adapted from Payne’s opera ‘Clari, the Maid of Milan’.

Glossary:

1. humble (adj) (here) – modest
2. charm (n) – an object believed to have magic powers
3. ‘neath (adj) – below or underneath
4. hallow (v) – to make holy
5. exile (n) – banished from one’s home or country
6. splendour (n)- magnificent
7. vain (adj) – useless
8. gayly (adv) – cheerfully, happily
9. dearer (adj) – precious or greatly valued by someone
10. gaze (v) – to stare intently
11. tread (v) – to walk
12. drear (adj) – cheerless
13. woodbine (n) – any of several climbing vines
14. fragrance (n) – pleasant smell
15. soothe (v) – comfort
16. beguile (v) – to charm, delight or captivate
17. overburdened (adj) – excessively burdened
18. care (n) (here) – worries
19. solace (n) – comfort in a time of loneliness or distress

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 8 States after the Maurya Empire Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 8 States after the Maurya Empire

Class 6 History Chapter 8 States after the Maurya Empire Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Can you tell ?

Question 1.
The kings who started the minting of gold coins in India.
Answer:
The Kushana kings

Question 2.
The city established by Kanishka in Kashmir.
Answer:
Kanishkapur

Question 3.
The king who played the veena.
Answer:
Samudragupta

Question 4.
Another name for Kamrup.
Answer:
Pragjyotish

2. Observe the map in the lesson. List the names of the modern cities which were part of the Gupta Empire.

3. Discuss and write:

Question 1.
Emperor Kanishka
Answer:

• Kanishka’s Empire extended from Kabul in the west to Varanasi in the east.
• Gold and copper coins minted by him have been found in North India.
• The fourth Buddhist council was held in Kashmir during his reign.
• He established the city of Kanishkapur in Kashmir.

Question 2.
Iron pillar at Mehrauli
Answer:

• There is an iron pillar at Mehrauli near Delhi.
• It has not rusted even in the course of the last fifteen hundred years. It is an excellent specimen of the metallurgical skill of the ancient Indian people.
• The inscription on the pillar bears the names of a king called ‘Chandra’. It is on this basis that the iron pillar is assumed to be of the period of Chandragupta II.

4. Make a list of the various books and authors mentioned in the lesson:
Answer:

• ‘Milind Panha’ – questions discussed between Milinda and Bikkhu Nagarsena.
• ‘Buddhacharita and Vajrasuchi’ – Ashvaghosh
• ‘Harshacharita’ – Banabhatta.
• ‘Periplus of the Erythrean sea’.

5. Make a comparative chart of the Vardhan and Gupta dynasties based on the following points.
Answer:

Points	Gupta Dynastry	Vardhan Dynastry
Founder	Shrigupta	Prabhakar Vardhan
Expansion of the kingdom/ empire	The Gupta empire spread from Assam upto the Punjab. He also conquered the eastern coastal region up to Kanchi Tamil Nadu.	Harshavardhan, expanded the Vardhan Empire up to Nepal in the north, up to the river Narmada in the south, Assam in the east and Gujarat in the west.
Achievements	(i) A pillar inscription at Prayag describes Samudragupta conquest and victories. (ii) He minted coins. (iii) There is an iron pillar at Mehrauli near Delhi which has not rusted even after a course of last fifteen hundred years.	(i) Trade flourished. (ii) Knowledge also flourished, we know this as the famous Nalanda University existed during this time. (iii) He wrote three Sanskrit plays Ratnavali, Naganand and Priyadarshika.

6. What would you do if you met foreign travellers like Yuan Chwang?
Answer:
If I were to meet a foreign traveller, I would extend my friendship, try to grasp information from his vast knowledge. Probably I would also have accompanied him to Nalanda University. I would also have emulated his virtues, learnt Chinese (Mandarin) and helped him translate Buddhist manuscripts.

7. Solve the Puzzle:

Down:

1. A Chinese traveller to India.
2. A famous Indo-Greek King had discussions with this Buddha Bhikkhu.
3. A poet at the court of Emperor Harshavardhan, who also wrote his biography.
4. Chandragupta II conquered this state in neighbouring Gujarat.
   Across:
5. The most famous Indo-Greek King
6. A Pali word that means question.
7. Kanishka was the first Emperor to make this from gold.
8. An ancient Indian University where the Chinese traveller Yuan Chwang stayed for two years.

Answer:

Down:

1. Fa-Hien
2. Milind
3. Banabhatta
4. Malwa
   Across:
5. Panhai
6. Menander
7. Coin
8. Nalanda

Activity:

Obtain more information about the rulers of the period following the Maurya period in India. Enact the role of a ruler of your choice.

Class 6 History Chapter 8 States after the Maurya Empire Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
The last Mauryan emperor was _______.
(a) Chandragupta
(b) Brihadratha
(c) Ashoka
Answer:
(b) Brihadratha

Question 2.
The Indo-Greek kings had a tradition of putting the ,______ of the king on one side and that of a deity on the other side of the coin
(a) map
(b) picture
(c) family
Answer:
(b) picture

Question 3.
One of the famous Indo-Greek kings was _________.
(a) Menander
(b) Alexander
(c) Nagasena
Answer:
(a) Menander

Question 4.
Menander disussed Buddhist philosophy with the Buddhist bhikkhu _____.
(a) Fa-Hein
(b) Ashoka
(c) Nagasena
Answer:
(c) Nagasena

Question 5.
Menander is also referred to as ________.
(a) Pushyamitra
(b) Panha
(c) Milinda
Answer:
(c) Milinda

Question 6.
The Kushanas established their________ in the northwestern region and in Kashmir in the first century CE.
(a) family
(b) friends
(c) rule
Answer:
(c) rule

Question 7.
The Kushan kings were the first to start minting ________ coins in India.
(a) iron
(b) copper
(c) gold
Answer:
(c) gold

Question 8.
The ________ kings started the custom of putting the images of Gautam Buddha and different Indian deities on the coins.
(a) Kushana
(b) Gupta
(c) Vardhaman
Answer:
(a) Kushana

Question 9.
Gold and copper coins minted by Kanishka have been found in ________ India.
(a) south
(b) north
(c) east
Answer:
(b) north

Question 10.
The ________ Buddhist council was held in Kashmir during Kanishka’s reign.
(a) fourth
(b) fifth
(c) sixth
Answer:
(a) fourth

Question 11.
Kanishka established the city of _______ in Kashmir.
(a) Saurashtra
(b) Malwa
(c) Kanishkapur
Answer:
(c) Kanishkapur

Question 12.
The well-known poet _________ lived during the reign of Kanishka.
(a) Ashvaghosh
(b) Charaka
(c) Nagasena
Answer:
(a) Ashvaghosh

Question 13.
The famous vaidya ______ was also in Kanishka’s court.
(a) Chandra
(b) Charaka
(c) Shrigupta
Answer:
(b) Charaka

Question 14.
The Guptas remained in power for nearly _____ centuries.
(a) one
(c) two
(c) three
Answer:
(c) three

Question 15.
_____ was the founder of the Gupta dynasty.
(a) Shrigupta
(b) Samudragupta
(c) Brihadratha
Answer:
(a) Shrigupta

Question 16.
Samudragupta and Chandragupta II were the notable kings of the ________ dynasty.
(a) Maurya
(b) Gupta
(c) Nanda
Answer:
(b) Gupta

Question 17.
A pillar inscription at Prayag describes _________ conquests and victories.
(a) Samudragupta’s
(b) Chandragupta’s
(c) Ashoka’s
Answer:
(a) Samudragupta’s

Question 18.
Samudragupta was an excellent ______ player.
(a) drum
(b) guitar
(c) veena
Answer:
(c) veena

Question 19.
In the Gupta period, the Bauddha bhikkhu Fa-Hien came to ______ from China.
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) India
(c) Nepal
Answer:
(b) India

Question 20.
______ has written an account of his travels in India.
(a) Harshavardhan
(b) Yuan Chwang
(c) Fa-Hien
Answer:
(c) Fa-Hien

Question 21.
Prabhakar Vardhan was the _______ of Thanesar, near Delhi.
(a) general
(b) minister
(c) king
Answer:
(c) king

Question 22.
The Vardhan dynasty was founded by ______.
(a) Prabhakar Vardhan
(b) Harshavardhan
(c) Kamrup
Answer:
(a) Prabhakar Vardhan

Question 23.
Harshavardhan established friendly relations with the emperor of ________.
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) China
(c) Tamil Nadu
Answer:
(b) China

Question 24.
The capital of Harshavardhan’s Empire was ________.
(a) Kanauj
(b) Kamrup
(c) Nalanda
Answer:
(a) Kanauj

Question 25.
Harshavardhan spent a large portion of his ________ for the welfare of the people.
(a) kingdom
(b) revenue
(c) mines
Answer:
(b) revenue

Question 26.
The court poet ______ wrote Harshacharita a biography of Emperor Harshavardhan.
(a) Fa-Hien
(b) Banabhatta
(c) Nalanda
Answer:
(b) Banabhatta

Question 27.
Harshavardhan had become a follower of ________.
(a) Buddhism
(b) Jainism
(c) Judaism
Answer:
(a) Buddhism

Question 28.
The Buddhist Bhikkhu ________ had come to India from China during the regime of Harshavardhan.
(a) Yuan Chwang
(b) Fa-Hien
(c) Magasthenes
Answer:
(a) Yuan Chwang

Question 29.
Yuan Chwang stayed at the ________ University for two years.
(a) Mumbai
(b) Oxford
(c) Nalanda
Answer:
(c) Nalanda

Question 30.
Yuan Chwang translated many Buddhist manuscripts into _________.
(a) Hindi
(b) Chinese
(c) Pali
Answer:
(b) Chinese

Question 31.
The state of ______ emerged in the fourth century CE.
(a) Harappa
(b) Mohen-jo-daro
(c) Kamrup
Answer:
(c) Kamrup

Question 32.
The epics Mahabharta and Ramayana use the name Tragjyotish’ for ________.
(a) Kamrup
(b) Magdha
(c) Avanti
Answer:
(a) Kamrup

Question 33.
The capital of Pragjyotish state was _______.
(a) Kashmir
(b) Pragjyotishpur
(c) Manipur
Answer:
(b) Pragjyotishpur

Question 34.
During the reign of King Bhaskar Varman, Yuan Chwang had visited _________.
(a) Kamrup
(b) Nalanda
(c) Manipur
Answer:
(a) Kamrup

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column A	Column B
(1) Brihadratha	(a) Vaidya at Kanishka’s court
(2) Menander	(b) First to mint gold coins in India
(3) Charaka	(c) Last Maurya king
(4) Kushana kings	(d) Stayed at Nalanda university
(5) Yuan Chwang	(e) Famous Indo-Greek kings

Answer:
1 – c
2 – e
3 – a
4 – b
5 – d

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Who was the last Mauryan Emperor?
Answer:
The last Mauryan emperor was Brihadratha.

Question 2.
How did Pushyamitra become a king?
Answer:
The Mauryan general Pushyamitra Shunga revolted against Brihadratha, killed him and became the king himself.

Question 3.
Which kings are known as Indo-Greek kings?
Answer:
There were several small kingdoms in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent, ruled by Greek kings also known as Indo-Greek kings.

Question 4.
Which Indo-Greek tradition took root in India?
Answer:
The Indo-Greek had a tradition of putting the picture of the king on one side and that of a deity on the other of the coin. This tradition later took root in India.

Question 5.
Name of famous Indo-Greek king.
Answer:
One of the famous Indo-Greek king was Menander.

Question 6.
What is the content of Milind-Panha?
Answer:
The questions that were discussed between Bhikkhu Nagasena and Milinda is the content of the book ‘Milind-Panha’.

Question 7.
In which region did the Kushana tribe establish their rule in India?
Answer:
The Kushana tribe established their rule in the northwestern region and in Kashmir in the first century C.E.

Question 8.
Which custom was started by the Kushana kings?
Answer:
The Kushana kings started a custom of putting the images of Gautam Buddha and different Indian deities on the coins.

Question 9.
Where was the fourth Buddhist council held?
Answer:
The fourth Buddhist council was held in Kashmir during Kanishka’s reign.

Question 10.
Which poet and vaidya were well-known during the time of Kanishka?
Answer:
During the time of Kaniska, poet Ashvagosh and vaidya Charaka were well-known.

Question 11.
Who was the founder of the Gupta dynasty?
Answer:
Shrigupta was the founder of the Gupta dynasty.

Question 12.
Name two notable kings of the Gupta Dynasty.
Answer:
Samudragupta and Chandragupta II were the two notable kings of the Gupta Dynasty.

Question 13.
Why did Sri Lanka make treaties of friendship with Samudragupta?
Answer:
Due to Samudragupta’s victories, Sri Lanka came to be recognised everywhere. So Sri Lanka made a treaty of friendship with him.

Question 14.
Which Bhikkhu from China visited India during Chandragupta’s reign?
Answer:
The Buddha Bhikkhu Fa-Hein came to India from China during Chandragupta’s reign.

Question 15.
What do we learn from Fa-Hien’s account of his travels in India?
Answer:
From Fa-Hien’s account of his travels in India we learn about the efficient administration of the Gupta emperors.

Question 16.
Who was the founder of the Vardhan Dynasty?
Answer:
Prabhakar Vardhan was the founder of the . Vardhan Dynasty.

Question 17.
Where was the capital of Harshavardhan’s Empire?
Answer:
The capital of Harshavardhan’s Empire was Kanauj.

Question 18.
Which Chinese bhikkhu came to India during the reign of Harshavardhan?
Answer:
The Buddhist bhikkhu Yuan Chwang had come to India from China during Harshavardhan’s reign.

Question 19.
Why did Yuan Chwang stay at Nalanda?
Answer:
Yuan Chwang stayed at the Nalanda University for two years to learn and gain more knowledge about the Buddhist manuscripts.

Question 20.
Which state in ancient India is the present city of Guwahati?
Answer:
The ancient state of Pragjyotish is the present city of Guwahati in Assam.

Question 21
During whose reign did Yuan Chwang visit ‘Kamrup’?
Answer:
During the reign of king Bhaskar Varman, Yuan Chwang visited ‘Kamrup’.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.6 A Collage Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.6 A Collage

Class 7 English Chapter 1.6 A Collage Textbook Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What did Swami Vivekanand make the world aware of?
Answer:
Swami Vivekanand made the world aware of the greatness of Indian Philosophy.

Question 2.
Why did Swami Vivekanand receive a standing ovation at the Parliament of World’s religions?
Answer:
At the Parliament of World’s religions, Swami Vivekanand began his speech with “Sisters and brothers of America!”. For these words, he received a standing ovation.

Question 3.
What did Swami Vivekanand emphasize upon?
Answer:
Swami Vivekanand emphasized the importance of selflessness and service to mankind.

Question 4.
What is Swami Vivekanand regarded as?
Answer:
Swami Vivekanand is regarded as a patriotic saint.

Question 5.
What is a collage?
Answer:
A collage is a collection of various materials such as pictures, articles and quotes, put together in an artistic and creative manner.

Question 6.
What does the collage given in the textbook talk about?
Answer:
The collage talks about Swami Vivekananda and displays a few famous quotes by him.

Question 7.
What can you include in a collage?
Answer:
Photographs, pictures, famous quotes/lines and information about a particular person can be included in a collage.

Question 8.
A mosaic is similar to a collage. Can you say how?
Answer:
A mosaic is a design that is formed by putting pieces of colourful glass, stones or tiles together in a creative manner/pattern, which sounds similar to a collage i.e. a collection of various pictures and quotes, put together in an artistic way.

Question 9.
Where can you see the collage pattern being used?
Answer:
The collage pattern can be seen in paintings, architectural work and photography.

Explain the quotes.

Question 1.
Arise! Awake! And stop not until the goal is reached.
Answer:
The given quote says that one should rise up to achieve one’s goal and until it is achieved, one should not stop to rest. Achieving one’s goal should be a relentless affair.

Question 2.
Talk to yourself atleast once in a day… otherwise you may miss a meeting with an excellent person in the world.
Answer:
The given quote says that each one of us is unique and excellent in our own way. We spend most of our lives talking to others but forget to have a conversation with ourselves and hence do not realize our own qualities.

Question 3.
Fill the brain with high thoughts, highest ideals. Place them day and night before you and out of that will come great work.
Answer:
High thoughts and high ideals act as an inspiration to achieve higher goals. Reading the life and work of great men motivates us to believe in ourselves. The outcome of which is great work.

Question 4.
Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life – think of it, live on that idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves every part of your body, be full of that idea, and just leave every other idea alone. This is way of success.
Answer:
Swami Vivekanand through these lines tells us to eat, sleep and breathe our dreams. We must focus on that one dream so much that it becomes our very life. Only when we completely focus our energy on that one dream and give our heart and soul to it, can we be successful.

Question 5.
Whatever you think, that you will be. If you think yourself weak, weak you will be. If you think yourself strong, strong you will be.
Answer:
The given lines emphasize the importance of thoughts. The quality of our thoughts determine the quality of our lives because we are what our thoughts are. So by carefully choosing empowering thoughts, we can become what we wish to become.

A Collage Summary in English

The lesson, presented in the form of a collage, talks about Swami Vivekanand, his beliefs, his work and his contribution. The lesson also has some of his famous quotes, each of which has a deep meaning to it.

Introduction:

A collage is a piece of art made by sticking various different materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric on to a background.

Glossary:

1. philosophy (n) – a theory or attitude that acts as a guiding principle for behaviour
2. emphasize (v) – give special importance to something
3. patriotic (adj) – having or expressingdevotion to one’s country
4. inspirational (adj) – something that encourages and inspires
5. ideal (n) – a principle
6. standing ovation (n) – display of appreciation by standing up and clapping continuously
7. collage (n) – a piece of art made by sticking various different materials such as photographs or pieces of paper or fabric ontoa larger and firmer surface.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 18 Sound: Production of Sound Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 18 Sound: Production of Sound

Class 7 Science Chapter 18 Sound: Production of Sound Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks:

Question a.
Sound is generated by the rhythmic ……………. of any object.
Answer:
vibrations

Question b.
The frequency of sound is measured in …………….. .
Answer:
Hertz (Hz)

Question c.
If …………….. of sound is decreased its loudness also decreases.
Answer:
intensity

Question d.
A medium is necessary for …………… of sound.
Answer:
generation

2. Match the pairs.

Question a.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Flute	a. Frequency less than 20 Hz
2. Frequency	b. Frequency more than 20,000 Hz
3. Sound level	c. Vibrations in the air
4. Ultrasonic sound	d. Measured in Hz
5. Infrasonic sound	e. Decibel

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Flute	c. Vibrations in the air
2. Frequency	d. Measured in Hz
3. Sound level	e. Decibel
4. Ultrasonic sound	b. Frequency more than 20,000 Hz
5. Infrasonic sound	a. Frequency less than 20 Hz

3. Give scientific reasons.

Question a.
In earlier times, people used to listen for the arrival of a distant train by putting their ear to the rails.
Answer:

1. It was a technique that worked better in those days when train speed were slower than they are today and when there were more rail joints.
2. When people would put their ear to the rail they could hear vibration caused by the wheels moving over the joints. ,
3. Metal being a solid is an efficient medium for the sound to travel and so the sound can propagate further in the rail than would in air as speed of sound is faster in solids than in air.

Question b.
The sounds generated by a tabla and sitar are different.
Answer:

1. In tabla where leather is fitted, sound gets generated when the leather surface is thumped by fingers or palm.
2. The waves thus created travel in two dimensions. Sitar is having strings attached to pumkin box called sound box.
3. Sounds generated by tabla and a sitar are different because they have different pitch and frequencies.

Question c.
If you were both on the moon your friend will not be able to hear you call.
Answer: Yes, your friend will not be able to hear your call because sound needs a medium for transmission since it is a mechanical wave it cannot travel through vaccum.

1. As there is no air on the moon and sound is actually vibration in air.
2. So astronauts communicate to each other by signals or microphones in space even when they are closer.

Question d.
We can hear the movement of a mosquito wings but we cannot hear the movement of our hands.
Answer:

1. Humans cannot hear frequency less than 20 Hz. In the movement of hands oscillations does take place but is less than frequency that humans can hear.
2. Mosquitos wings flap in air.
3. When they fly in air it produces buzzing sound in our ears.
4. The movement of mosquito wings produces sound greater than 20 Hz.
5. Sound is the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain.

4. Write answers to the following questions.

Question a.
How is sound produced?
Answer:

1. Sound is generated due to the vibration of an object, e.g. bell, string or diaphragm of a musical instrument.
2. Vibrations are imparted to the molecules in the air. These vibrations reach our ears through the air and sound is heard.
3. Vibrations of an object is necessary for generation of sound.
4. These vibrations in air are called travelling longitudinal waves which we can hear.

Question b.
What does the intensity of sound depend upon?
Answer:

1. The intensity of sound is proportional to the square of the amplitude of vibration, e.g. If the amplitude is doubled the intensity of sound becomes four times.
2. Therefore the loudness or softness of sound is dependent on the intensity of sound and sound level.

Question c.
Explain how the frequency of oscillation is related to the length of a pendulum and the amplitude of its oscillation.
Answer:

1. Given an oscillatory motion to the pendulum, the maximum distance between the original position A of the pendulum and extreme position B or C is called the amplitude of oscillation. AB, AC is the amplitude of oscillation.
2. The number of oscillations completed by an oscillator in one second is called the frequency of oscillation.

Relation between frequency and length of a pendulum: If the length of the pendulum increases the period of oscillations also increases.
We know time period of oscillations = \(\frac{1}{\text { Frequency }}\)
If time period increases, frequency decreases, therefore, if the length of the pendulum increases frequency will decrease.
Relation between frequency and amplitude: Frequency of oscillation is independent of its amplitude of oscillation.

Question d.
Explain the two ways by which the pitch of the sound generated by a stretched string can be changed?
Answer:
1. A string vibrates with a particular fundamental frequency. It is however possible to produce pitches with different frequencies from the same string.

2. The two properties of the string that affect its frequency are length and diameter.

3. When the length of a string is changed, it will vibrate with a different frequency. Shorter strings have higher frequency and therefore higher pitch.

4. When a musician presses her finger on a string, she shortens its length. The more fingers she adds to the string, the shorter she makes it, higher will be the pitch.
Diameter: Thick strings with large diameter vibrate slower and have lower frequency than the thin ones.

Project:

Question a.
The bat, a mammal, flies during the night manoeuvering with the help of the ultrasonic sounds it produces. Find out more about this.

Class 7 Science Chapter 18 Sound: Production of Sound Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Bats detect the obstacles in their path by receiving the reflected ………….. .
Answer:
ultrasonic waves

Question 2.
An object that moves back and forth is called ……………. .
Answer:
an oscillator

Question 3.
If the length of a pendulum is increased the time period of oscillation ………………. .
Answer:
increases

Question 4.
The …………… of a wave is the maximum distance moved by the object on either side of the mean position.
Answer:
amplitude

Question 5.
Sound waves do not travel through ……………… .
Answer:
vaccum

Question 6.
The frequency above which sound is not audible to the human ear is …………….. .
Answer:
50,000 Hz

Question 7.
Number of vibrations in a second is called …………….. .
Answer:
frequency

Question 8.
Higher the frequency greater will be the ………….. .
Answer:
Pitch

Question 9.
The loudness of sound depends on ………….. .
Answer:
amplitude

Question 10.
Loudness of sound is measured in units of ………………. .
Answer:
decibel dB

Question 11.
100 hertz is equal to hundred oscillations in ………………. .
Answer:
one second

Name the following:

Question 1.
The sound frequencies above 20,000 Hz.
Answer:
ultrasonic

Question 2.
The medium through which sound is most clearly propagated.
Answer:
solids

Question 3.
The range of frequency in which humans can hear sound.
Answer:
20 – 20,000 Hz

Question 4.
The sound level physically painful to humans.
Answer:
above 100 dB

Question 5.
The technique used by bats to find their way.
Answer:
echolocation

Question 6.
The unit of frequency of sound.
Answer:
Hertz

Question 7.
The unit of sound level or intensity.
Answer:
Decibel

Question 8.
The scientist in whose honour was the unit decibel named for intensity of sound.
Answer:
Alexander graham Bell

Question 9.
Bats and dolphins can hear these sound frequencies.
Answer:
Ultra sonic sound

Question 10.
The sound frequencies used in RADAR systems.
Answer:
Ultra sonic sound

Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
How is sound produced?
Answer:
Sound is produced by vibration of an object.

Question 2.
What produces sound in human beings ?
Answer:
The vibration of the vocal chords in our larynx or voice box produces sound.

Question 3.
What is oscillatory motion?
Answer:
To and fro motion of an object (oscillator) on either side of a central position is called oscillatory motion.

Question 4.
What is periodic motion?
Answer:
The motion of an object repeated again and again at fixed intervals of time is called periodic motion.

Question 5.
What is frequency of oscillation?
Answer:
The number of oscillations completed by an oscillator in one second is called the frequency of oscillation.

Question 6.
How is intensity of sound and amplitude of vibration related?
Answer:
The intensity of sound is proportional to the square of the amplitude of vibration. For example, if the amplitude is doubled the intensity becomes four times as much.

Question 7.
What happens if the frequency of sound is greater than 1000 Hz or 100 dB?
Answer:
If frequency of sound is increased more than 100dB, the hearing can be temporarily affected which can result in temporary deafness.

Question 8.
What is infrasonic sound?
Answer:
A sound with a frequency less than 20Hz is called infrasonic sound.

Question 9.
What is application of ultrasonic sound?
Answer:
Ultrasonic sound is used in ships as a system known as ‘SONAR’ to detect the obstacle beneath the ocean as well as the depth of an ocean.

Question 10.
What is the difference between pitch and frequency?
Answer:
Pitch is directly proportional to the frequency of a sound whereas frequency is the repeating vibrations per unit time.

Question 11.
What happens when the rubber band is stretched with a greater force and released?
Answer:
When a rubber is stretched with a greater force and released, the amplitude increases which in turn result in a louder sound being generated.

Question 12.
What happens to frequency if the amplitude is changed?
Answer:
The frequency remains the same even if the amplitude is increased or decreased.

Define:

1. Echo: It is a repetition of sound due to the reflection of original sound by a large and hard obstacle.
2. Frequency: It is defined as the number of vibrations per unit time.
3. Hertz (Hz): One hertz is one vibration per second.
4. Ultrasonic vibration: Sounds of frequency higher than 20,000 Hz are called the ultrasonic.
5. Time period: The time taken by an object to complete one oscillation is called time period.
6. Amplitude: The distance between the mean or central position to the extreme position of an oscillator on either side is called amplitude.

Say True or False with explanation:

Question 1.
Sound cannot travel in vacuum.
Answer:
True. Sound needs a medium to travel through. Since vacuum does not provide any medium, sound cannot travel through it.

Question 2.
If the amplitude of vibration is large, sound is feeble.
Answer:
False. When the amplitude of vibration of a sound is large, the sound is very loud. The sound is feeble, when the amplitude is small. Loudness of a sound is proportional to the square of the amplitude of its vibration.

Question 3.
For human ears, the audible range is 2 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
Answer:
True. Human being can hear sounds only within the range of 20-20,000 Hz. We cannot hear the sound having frequency out of this range.

Question 4.
The lower the frequency of vibrations the higher is the pitch.
Answer:
False. Pitch of sound increases when the frequency of vibration increases. The pitch of a sound is directly proportional to its frequency.

Question 5.
Unwanted or unpleasant sound is termed as music.
Answer:
False. Unwanted, or unpleasant sounds are termed noise. Sounds which are melodious, and pleasing to ears are called music.

Question 6.
Noise pollution may cause partial hearing impairment.
Answer:
True. Unwanted, unpleasant sounds are called noise. If one is subjected to noise continuously for a long time, one may suffer from partial hearing impairment.

Question 7.
Time taken by an object to complete one oscillation is called time period.
Answer:
True. Time taken by an object to complete one oscillation is called time period.

Solve the following problems:

Question 1.
A pendulum oscillates 40 times in 4 seconds. Find its time period and frequency.
Answer:
Frequency is the number of oscillations per second of a vibrating body.

The time taken to complete one oscillation (to and fro) is known, as time period.

Question 2.
The sound from a mosquito, is produced when it vibrates its wings at an average rate of 500 vibrations per second. What is the time period of the vibration?
Answer:
The time taken to complete one oscillation (to and fro) is know as time period.

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
Loud speakers should not be put in congested areas.
Answer:

1. The loudness or softness is indicated by the intensity of sound and sound level.
2. By putting loud speakers in congested areas, the intensity of sound being more than 100 dB will cause ill effects like temporary deafness and a prolonged exposure can lead to permanent damage.

Answer the following:

Question 1.
Why are the ceilings of concert halls curved?
Answer:
The ceilings of concert halls are curved because sound after reflection from the ceiling it reaches all the comers of the hall and is audible to each person in the hall.

Question 2.
Have you ever heard the sound of movement of hands and falling of leaves from a tree?
Answer:

1. The term infrasonic refer to sound waves below the frequencies of audible sound i.e. under 20 Hz.
2. Humans cannot hear infrasonic sound.
3. Movement of hands and falling of leaves comes below this audible range. Therefore we cannot hear these sounds.

Question 3.
How can dogs perceive in advance the signals of an impending earthquake?
Answer:
Dogs can hear sounds upto about 65,000 Hz. That’s why dogs can receive ultrasonic sound signals produced by the vibration of the earth and start barking in advance before the actual earthquake is felt.

Question 4.
State the uses of Ultrasonic sound.
Answer:
Uses of Ultrasonic sound are:

1. To clean delicate ornaments and the tiny parts of a watch.
2. To observe internal organs of the body.
3. To detect tumors in the brain.
4. To detect faults in a metal.
5. In RADAR systems
6. To Kill certain microbes and insects.
7. SONAR (Sound navigation and ranging) is used to locate the seabed or the position of a ship.

Use your brainpower!

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Will a sound be generated no matter how the ruler is kept on the table.

Answer:

1. No, If the ruler kept on the table is only a little part off the table, it will not vibrate with a greater force.
2. On the contrary if the ruler is kept with a larger portion off the table it will vibrate with a greater force generating louder sound.

Question 2.
Is there any correlation between the length of the free part of the ruler and the sound generated?
Answer:
Yes, vibrating ruler pushes the molecules in the air producing sound waves. More the length of free part of ruler less will be the vibrations and less will be the frequency and pitch of the sound. If the length of free part of ruler is shorter it vibrates more quickly producing sound of higher frequency and pitch.

Question 3.
If the ruler is plucked while it is held with 25 cm of it off the table, does it makes any sound? If there is no sound, look for the reason why it is so?
Answer:
No, the ruler vibrates very slowly, which has frequency which is not audible.

Question 4.
What would be the difference perceived between hearing only two pupils in the class talking to each other and all the children talking to one another at the same time?
Answer:

1. When two pupils talk to each other, the sounds of two frequencies produced can be heard clearly.
2. When all the children talk to one another sounds of many frequencies produced can not be heard clearly.
3. Sound level will be more creating loud noise.