Class 5

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 English Solutions Chapter 13 The Adventures of Gulliver Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 English Solutions Chapter 13 The Adventures of Gulliver

English Balbharati Std 5 Digest Chapter 13 The Adventures of Gulliver Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions in short.

Question 1.
How was Gulliver tied down on the seashore?
Answer:
Gulliver’s arms and feet were held the ground with strings. His long hair too was held in the same way. Thousands of strings had been passed across his body in such a way that he was unable to move any part of his body.

Question 2.
What did the important-looking man tell Gulliver?
Answer:
The important-looking man through his gestures informed Gulliver that they would not harm him if he did as they told him.

Question 3.
How was Gulliver taken to the city?
Answer:
Gulliver was taken to the city in a great cart made by joining many carts. Nine hundred men worked for three hours to put Gulliver on to the cart which was drawn by fifteen hundred of the king’s finest horses. The journey took almost a full day.

Question 4.
Describe Gulliver’s home in Lilliput.
Answer:
Gulliver’s home in Lilliput was a church which remained unused for many years. It was the largest building in the whole country. The great door on the north was four feet high and two feet wide and so he could go into it by going down on his hand.

Question 5.
Describe Gulliver’s walk around the city.
Answer:
When Gulliver expressed his desire to see the city, the king willingly agreed. Orders were given to all the people to stay indoors. Gulliver then stepped along the two largest streets. Curious onlookers at the window and those standing on the tops of the houses looked out at him.

Gulliver also saw the king’s house which was at the place where two great streets met. There was a beautiful garden on all sides of it. Lying down in the garden when he looked at the window, he saw so many beautiful rooms. In one room, he saw the queen and some of the young princes who were greatly pleased by his visit.

2. Activities

Question 1.
Tell any one of the stories orally imagining you are Gulliver.

Question 2.
Write any one of these stories, not as told by Gulliver, but by some other person.
Answer:
No sooner was Gulliver set free, than he asked if he could see the city. After all he wanted to explore this place which was so different from the others which he had been to. The king who was convinced that Gulliver was harmless was pleased to grant Gulliver the permission.

Authorities immediately gave out orders instructing Lilliputians to stay inside lest they get trampled under the gigantic Gullivers feet. Even as curious onlookers kept looking at him in wonder, Gulliver continued exploring the place.

Eventually, he reached the place where the king’s beautiful house was located. He was amazed by its beauty. The king’s house was surrounded by a garden and had beautiful rooms. He also saw the queen and some of the young princes who were greatly pleased by Gulliver visit.

Question 3.
Imagine that you are in a land of tiny people like Lilliput. Write about some of the interesting things you might see there, including animals, houses, plants, vehicles, etc. Find an interesting name for this land.
Answer:
Yes, I have reached this unique land filled with tiny people with a big heart. Everything here is so tiny, so small. Animals of different shapes and sizes. Small and tiny. Hey wait! The cow is a little bigger than the dog while the cat will have to grow some more to reach the size of a dog! Houses are big but only big enough to accommodate its tiny residents who are not even one foot high? Vehicles too are as small as its owners. Plants blossom all the year round. Tiny plants with tiny fragrant flowers add to the beauty of this beautiful miniature land.

Question 4.
If you were to grow very tiny like a Lilliputian, what are the things you would like to do ? Write about any three of these things.
Answer:

1. I will run and climb the anthills and enjoy the view from the top
2. On my smallest bike, I will ride to distant places.
3. I will entertain people with my tricks at the circus and earn a living.

3. Language Study (See pages 84-88.)

Question 1.
Read the highlighted words. They are adverbs

• I was pulling hard
• They ran away.
• Later, I was taken to the city.
• I went very carefully
• They were greatly pleased.

Answer:
Definition: An adverb is a word or a group of words that describe or modifies the meaning of verbs, adjectives or another adverbs.

Question 2.
Find suitable adverbs for each of the following verbs. (At least 3 each.)

1. walk
2. speak
3. push
4. study
5. sing
6. work

Answer:

1. Walk – quickly, rapidly, slowly
2. Speak – fluently, beautifully, politely
3. Push-carefully, correctly, quickly
4. Study – well, hard, regularly
5. Sing – sweetly, melodiously, cheerfully
6. Work – fast, diligently, patiently

Note: All the adverbs given above are adverbs of manner.

Question 3.
Find the opposites of the following adverbs.

1. hard
2. quickly
3. fast
4. tidily
5. unknowingly
6. early
7. often
8. never
9. honestly
10. shamefully

Answer:

1. easy
2. slowly
3. slow
4. untidily
5. knowingly
6. shamelessly
7. late
8. seldom / rarely
9. always
10. dishonestly

English Balbharati Std 5 Answers Chapter 13 The Adventures of Gulliver Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following:

Question 1.
What was Gulliver’s reply to what the important-looking man told him?
Answer:
Gulliver replied with gestures that he would remain quiet and also added that he was hungry.

Question 2.
When was Gulliver allowed to move around?
Answer:
Gulliver started living in the house provided to him. After some days, the king and his people were convinced that Gulliver would not harm them. So after he agreed to keep certain ‘orders’ of the house he was allowed to move around

Match the meanings:

Question 1.

1. strange	a. unreal
2. exhausted	b. odd
3. imaginary	c. the ability to face danger
4. brave	d. tired
	e. excited

Answer:

1. strange	b. odd
2. exhausted	d. tired
3. imaginary	a. unreal
4. brave	c. the ability to face danger

Activity :

Question 1.
Spot the words in the grid using the clues given.

1. a person in a story
2. several pieces of bread
3. developed a firm belief

Answer:

1. character
2. loaves
3. convinced

Give one word for.

Question 1.

1. A journey made by sea
2. To be left ashore on a lonely place
3. Wheeled vehicle for carrying load
4. Strong wind accompanied by rain

Answer:

1. Voyage
2. marooned
3. Cart
4. Storm

Question 2.
Pick out the adverbs in the sentences given below:

1. Come here.
2. Tomorrow, I will inform you.
3. We often visit the orphanage.
4. Always obey traffic rules.
5. You have probably made a decision.

Answer:

1. here
2. tomorrow
3. often
4. always
5. probably

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Gulliver’s Travels is an interesting book written by a well-known English writer. (State their kinds of the adjectives underlined)
Answer:
1. interesting – Adjective of quality
2. well-known – Adjective of quality

Question 2.
Then I found that my arms and feet were held down to the ground with strings. (Pick out the nouns)
Answer:
arms, feet, ground, strings.

Question 3.
The city was just half a mile away but the journey took almost a full day.
(Underline the articles)
Answer:
The city was just half a mile away but the journey took almost a full day.

Question 4.
Then I heard a noise.(Pick out the verb and state its tense)
Answer:
heard – Simple past tense.

Question 5.
I was allowed to move around. (State the part of speech of the underlined word)
Answer:
around – Adverb

Question 6.
The country outside looked like a garden.
(Form a wh – question to get the underlined part as the answer)
Answer:
What looked like a garden?

Question 7.
Complete the table:
Answer:

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
interesting	more interesting	most interesting
weak	weaker	weakest
high	higher	highest
wise	wiser	wisest
quiet	quieter	quietest
great	greater	greatest
fine	finer	finest
large	larger	largest
beautiful	more beautiful	most beautiful

Reading skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and answer the questions:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
1. ……………….. to climb up on Gulliver.
2. The country outside ………..
Answer:
1. It was not safe for the King.
2. looked like a garden. Gulli

Question 2.
The passage deals with the following experience of Gulliver:
(a) When he eats a giant meal
(b) When he gets a new home
(c) When he visits the city and the queen.
Answer:
(b) When he gets a new home

Question 3.
Who came out to meet Gulliver?
Answer:
The king came out to meet Gulliver.

Question 4.
What was made ready for Gulliver to be used as his house?
Answer:
An old church which had not been used as a church for many years was made ready for Gulliver to be used as his house.

Question 5.
What was done to ensure that Gulliver did not get away?
Answer:
To ensure that Gulliver did not get away, one of his feet was set in a great ring on the end of many strong strings.

Question 6.
Give the antonyms of :
(a) safe
(b) convinced
Answer:
(a) unsafe
(b) unconvinced

Question 7.
Make sentences :
Answer:
i. to get away: The thief tried to get away but the police chased and caught him.
ii. to move around: After reaching the hill station, I decided to move around and explore the place.

Question 8.
Do you think this is a real story or an imaginary one? Justify your answer.
Answer:
I think this is an imaginary story as half-foot-high men do not exist. There are several instances in the lesson, which tell us that it is fictional though it may seem real and true to life.

The Adventures of Gulliver Summary in English

Summary :

‘The Adventures of Gulliver’ written by Jonathan Swift is an extract from the book ‘Gulliver’s Travels’, an imaginary account of the voyages of Gulliver who worked as a surgeon on ships.

This extract describes the experiences of Gulliver at places like Lilliput and Brobdingnag. After sleeping for nine hours, when Gulliver woke up, he found himself ashore on a lonely place. He was in the land of the Lilliputians who were barely 6 inches tall.

They were afraid of his giant size, and had tied him down to the ground with thousands of strings. Gulliver made several attempts to free himself. Trying to understand his helpless situation, he is served a giant meal. Later he is taken on a special cart to a new home where he visits the city and the queen. Read The Adventures of Gulliver in the land of Lilliput’.

Meanings :

1. voyages (n) – A long journey by sea
2. character (n) – a person in a story
3. imaginary (adj) – not real
4. surgeon (n) – a doctor who performs operations
5. storm (n) – strong wind accompanied by rain.
6. marooned (v) – to be left alone ashore
7. strange (adj) – odd
8. exhausted (v) – tired
9. strings (n) – cords
10. loaves (n) – several pieces of bread.
11. gestures (n) – express with hands and arms.
12. bravery (n) – the ability to face danger
13. cart (n) – wheeled vehicle for carrying load
14. convinced (v) – developed a firm belief.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 24 Substances, Objects and Energy Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 24 Substances, Objects and Energy

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 24 Substances, Objects and Energy Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question a.
We need to make a sherbet quickly for some guests. But we only have sugar candy in the house.
Answer:
We can pound sugar candy into a fine powder. When the powder is fine, it will quickly dissolve in water. Therefore we can make sherbet quickly.

Question b.
We need to rub salt on a corncob but only salt crystals are available.
Answer:
We can pound salt crystals. Either we can use mortar pestle or we can also crush the crystals of salt in a grinder. Such powdered salt can be easily applied on the corncob.

2. Use your brain power!

Question a.
Why do tablets of camphor decrease in size day by day ?
Answer:
Tablets of Camphor are in solid state. Camphor has a property to turn into gaseous state directly from a solid state. Therefore, camphor decreases in size gradually. One can also notice the fragrance of camphor as it turns into vapour.

Question b.
How do we save fuel by using public transport ?
Answer:
Each automobile vehicle needs fuel either in the form of petrol, diesel, or CNG. If all the people use a separate vehicle, the amount of fuel consumed would be much more. If many people start using public transport, fuel consumption would be reduced. A single bus or a train can carry many people and thus it can save lots of fuel.

3. Answer the following questions.

Question a.
When and why do clothes smell of naphthalene?
Answer:
The naphthalene balls are continuously converted into small particles in the gaseous state. These particles settle down on the clothes in which they are kept. Therefore if naphthalene balls are kept for a long time in the clothes, they smell of naphthalene due to these particles.

Question b.
In which states is water found in nature?
Answer:
Water is found in all three states in nature, solid, liquid and gaseous state. Ice is the solid state of water. Water in lakes, sea etc. are in liquid state and steam or vapour is the gaseous state of water.

Question c.
What is the difference between the solid, liquid and gaseous states of a substance?
Answer:
The differences in the solid, liquid and gaseous state of substances is given in the table below:

Question d.
What is meant by energy?
Answer:
The capacity to do the work is called energy.

Activities :

Question 1.
Make different kinds of articles from clay.

Question 2.
Visit a wood workshop and observe the work being done there.

Question 3.
Obtain some information about the power generation plants in Maharashtra and present it in the classroom.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 24 Substances, Objects and Energy Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blank with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
All substances we see around us are made up of very tiny ………
(a) dust
(b) particles
(c) mud
Answer:
(b) particles

Question 2.
…………….. of particles of any substance must come together to form a particle that can be visible to our eyes.
(a) Lakhs
(b) Thousands
(c) Hundreds
Answer:
(a) Lakhs

Question 3.
Naphthalene balls which are kept open are continuously converted to small particles in the …… state.
(a) liquid
(b) solid
(c) gaseous
Answer:
(c) gaseous

Question 4.
Different substances have different …………..
(a) material
(b) properties
(c) code
Answer:
(b) properties

Question 5.
…………… is required to do work.
(a) Energy
(b) Strength
(c) Health
Answer:
(a) Energy

Question 6.
When something burns energy is released in the form of …………..
(a) heat
(b) rain
(c) cold
Answer:
(a) heat

Question 7.
Energy in the form of motion is called ……… energy.
(a) Kinesthetic
(b) Kinetic
(c) Solar
Answer:
(b) Kinetic

Question 8.
Stores of …………….. and ……. which are used as fuels, on earth are limited.
(a) mineral oil
(b) uranium
(c) coal
Answer:
(a) mineral oil, (c) coal

Question 9.
Energy obtained from sun is called …………… energy
(a) lunar
(b) solar
(c) tidal
Answer:
(b) solar

Question 10.
Energy obtained by breaking the tiniest particle of a substance is called …
(a) solar
(b) atomic
(c) kinetic
Answer:
(b) atomic

Question 11.
Sunlight, wind and water are ……………. sources of energy
(a) exhaustible?
(b) depleting
(c) non-exhaustible
Answer:
(c) non-exhaustible

Question 12.
When iron or copper is made smooth with a file, we get …………….. of iron or copper.
(a) particles
(b) soil
(c) saudust
Answer:
(a) particles

Question 13.
Liquids are also made of small…….
(a) droplets
(b) particles
(c) dust
Answer:
(b) particles

Question 14.
…………… is found in three states – solid, liquid and gaseous.
(a) Mineral oil
(b) Carbon
(c) Water
Answer:
(c) Water

Question 15.
In nature, every substance occurs in a………… state.
(a) special
(b) specific
(c) partial
Answer:
(b) specific

Question 16.
Aluminium and coal are is. ………. state.
(a) solid
(b) liquid
(c) gaseous
Answer:
(a) solid

Question 17.
Kerosene and petrol are in ……
(a) solid
(b) liquid
(c) gaseous
Answer:
(b) liquid

Question 18.
Nitrogen and Oxygen are in … ………….state.
(a) solid
(b) liquid
(c) gaseous
Answer:
(c) gaseous

Question 19.
The capacity of a body to do work is called
(a) work out
(b) energy
(c) exercise
Answer:
(b) energy

Question 20.
When petrol or diesel burns in a motor vehicle, …………… gets released.
(a) fire
(b) fuel
(c) energy
Answer:
(c) energy

Question 21.
Machines can be run using ……………….
(a) energy
(b) fuels
(c) water
Answer:
(b) fuels

Question 22.
Coal, diesel, CNG, LPG, petrol are all substances from which energy is obtained in form of
(a) heat
(b) rain
(c) cold
Answer:
(a) heat

Question 23.
When a person or vehicle moves, heat energy gets converted into …….
(a) electricity
(b) rain
(c) motion
Answer:
(c) motion

Question 24.
Electricity is also a form of ………….
(a) machine
(b) energy
(c) heat
Answer:
(b) energy

Question 25.
We use ……………. to run the T.V.
(a) wires
(b) plugs
(c) electricity
Answer:
(c) electricity

Question 26.
In a solar cooker …………………. energy is used.
(a) solar
(b) electricity
(c) L.P.G.
Answer:
(a) solar

Question 27.
Plants use……. to prepare their food.
(a) LPG
(b) induction
(c) sunlight
Answer:
(c) sunlight

Question 28.
When we burn substances like coal or mineral oil, the …………………. energy, they contain is converted into heat energy.
(a) solar
(b) stored
(c) lunar
Answer:
(b) stored

Question 29.
Stores of coal and mineral oil on earth are
(a) unlimited
(b) limited
(c) plenty
Answer:
(b) limited

Question 30.
………… batteries produce electricity using sunlight
(a) Water
(b) Solar
(c) Tidal
Answer:
(b) Solar

Name the following:

Question 1.
Any three substances found in solid state.
Answer:
Iron, copper, aluminium, wood

Question 2.
Three substances found in liquid state.
Answer:
Water, milk, cough syrup.

Question 3.
Three substances found in gaseous state.
Answer:
Naphthalene balls, iodine crystals

Question 4.
Substances which goes into gaseous state directly from solid state.
Answer:
Naphthalene balls

Question 5.
Properties of substances.
Answer:
Transparency, hardness, colour, smell, solubility in water.

Question 6.
Fuels used for running machines.
Answer:
LPG, CNG, coal, diesel, petrol.

Question 7.
Examples of kinetic energy.
Answer:
Moving wind mill, sailing boats, running water, moving car etc.

Question 8.
Forms of energy.
Answer:
Sound, heat, light, electricity.

Question 9.
Main source of energy used by us.
Answer:
Electricity

Question 10.
Energy sources which do not cause pollution
Answer:
Wind energy, solar energy.

Answer in one sentence :

Question 1.
What are all subtances made up of?
Answer:
All substances are made up of fine particles.

Question 2.
Why do naphthalene balls grow smaller in size and gradually disappear?
Answer:
Naphthalene when left open continuously gets converted into small gaseous particles, so, as these particles leave the naphthalene balls, they grow smaller is size and slowly disappear.

Question 3.
Which substance is found in all three states?
Answer:
Water is found in all three states – solid, liquid and gaseous.

Question 4.
What are the different properties of substance?
Answer:
Different substances have different properties, like hardness, transparency, colour, smell, solubility in water etc.

Question 5.
What is ‘energy?
Answer:
The capacity of a body to do work is called energy

Question 6.
How is energy released?
Answer:
When petrol or diesel burns in a motor vehicle, energy gets released.

Question 7.
Name some substance from which energy is obtained.
Answer:
Coal, diesel, CNG, LPG, petrol are all substances from which energy is obtained.

Question 8.
What is Kinetic energy?
Answer:
Energy in the form of motion is called Kinetic energy.

Question 9.
Why should we find alternate sources of energy?
Answer:
Stores of coal and mineral oil on earth are very limited and fast depleting therefore we must find alternate sources of energy.

Question 10.
What are solar batteries?
Answer:
Batteries which produce electricity using sunlight are called solar batteries.

Question 11.
Why should we make a habit of using minimum amount of electricity?
Answer:
In any method of electricity generation, resources from the environment have to be used. Hence, we should make a habit to conserve electricity

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
What uses of heat energy do we see in our daily life?
Answer:
We use heat energy to cook food, to heat water, to press our clothes, to keep us warm during cold winters in areas where temperature is very low, etc.

Question 2.
Why do tablets of camphor decrease in size day by day?
Answer:
Camphor particles present in the tablets escape by getting converted directly to gaseous state. Therefore the tablets of camphor decrease in size day by day.

Question 3.
How do we save fuel by using public transport?
Answer:
If people drive car instead of using public transport while going to work, more fuel will be burnt, as each car will burn the fuel to release energy and work. However if public transport is used. We need to use fuel, only for one transport vehicle. Hence it will save a lot of fuel if people use the public transport.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is meant by energy? Name the sources of energy
Answer:
The capacity of a body to do work is called energy. Energy is obtained by burning fuel is in the form of heat. This heat is used to do work. The sources of energy are the sun, coal, diesel, CNG, LPG, petrol, wind, moving water and electricity

Question 2.
What is the original source of energy for the electricity produced at a thermal power station? How is electricity generated?
Answer:
In a thermal power station coal is the original source of energy. Here coal is burnt to release heat. The heat generated is utilised to convert water to steam. Then steam is used to rotate the turbines. As the turbine rotates electricity is produced.

Can you tell?

1. Write a few lines on the black board with a chalk. Now observe the chalk.

Question a.
What change do you see in the chalk?
Answer:
The chalk becomes smaller in size, after writing.

Question b.
Why did the chalk become smaller in size after writing on the board?
Answer:
When we wrote on the board the pieces of chalk stick to board, therefore the chalk became smaller in size.

2. Wipe the board with a duster and then tap the duster against the table.

Question a.
What do you see?
Answer:
A fine white particles of chalk fell of the duster when we tapped it against the table.

Question b.
From where did these white particles come?
Answer:
When we rubbed the board, the chalk particles from the board stuck to the duster and when we tapped the duster these chalk particles fell.

Question c.
If there is a sudden shower, we take shelter under a roof on the road side. Even though the rain does not fall on us directly we get wet to some extent why?
Answer:
The raindrops slow down the roof and fall on the ground. They break into fine droplets when they fall and bounce off the ground. These droplets make us wet. Hence though the rain does not fall on us directly we get wet to some extent.

Question d.
Asmita went to buy an earthen pot. There she saw many things kept for sale. How did she identify what she needed? From what substance had the potter made all the things?
Answer:
Asmita identified the things kept from their shape and colour. The potter had made all the things using clay.

Question e.
What is the difference between a substance and an object?
Answer:
Difference between substance and object is given below:

Substance	Object
1. Substances are made up of tiny particles.	1. Objects are made using substances.
2. Substances may or may not have definite shape. They occur in a specific state.	2. Objects have definite shape. Their parts are put together in a particular way.
3. Wood, aluminium, coal, iron etc are examples of substances.	3. Table, chair, flower pots, lamp etc. are examples of objects.

Question f.
There is a car. Its tank is full of fuel, but it does not move. Why is that?
Answer:
The energy has to be released from the fuel to make the car move. The energy is released when the petrol burns. The petrol starts burning only after we turn on the car engine. Since the engine is not on, the car does not move even when its tank is full of fuel.

Question g.
When we have run a long distance, we feel tired. We have to stop. Why is that?
Answer:
We need energy to run. Hence when we run a long distance, the food present in the body is continuously burn to release energy. This energy is used to do the work of running. After running a long distance the food gets exhausted and the energy released decreases and therefore we feel tired and we stop.

Glossary :

1. fossil fuel – fuel formed in the earth o from plant or animal remains
2. exhaustible – the resources which can not be renewed or recycled
3. depleting – reduction in quantity
4. corncob – core of Indian com.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 22 Growth and Personality Development Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 22 Growth and Personality Development

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 22 Growth and Personality Development Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question 1.
What’s the solution?
Kabir wants to be a professor of zoology. What can he do today to prepare for that?
Answer:
Kabir should study regularly and sincerely. He should read various books on animals. He should learn to speak in public by participating in elocution competition. Also he should do the project work given by the teacher and explain it in the class to his friends. By doing all these things he will develop all the skills necessary for becoming a professor.

2. Use your brain power!

Question (a)
What skills do we already have before we leam to ride bicycle?
Answer:
Before riding a bicycle we know to walk, run, jump, climb, skip and hop. Hence we are able to climb and sit on the bicycle and balance it by touching the ground with our legs.

Question (b)
Suman wishes to run a restaurant of her own in the future. Which of the skill she is learning today will be of use in her future occupation?
Answer:
The following skill mentioned below which she is learning today will be of help to Suman: The skill of cooking meals, writing down the recipe, keeping an account of the money spent, making the list of grocery item needed, serving food, packing food, cleaning the table etc. are some of the few skills which will help her to run a restaurant in future.

3. Answer the following questions:

Question (a)
What is meant by heredity? (Explain)
Answer:
People of one family show similarities in physical characteristics in many ways. Some features or traits are like our grandparents, some like our parents and some like our brothers and sisters. Being bom with certain features or traits in common with the members of our family is called heredity.

Question (b)
What differences do we see between children in preprimary classes and children in standard?
Answer:
Preprimary children are not able to read and write. They cannot dress on their own, they cannot tie shoe laces, comb their hair etc. They are dependent on their mother, teachers, and Aya for everything. Whereas a standard child can read and write, dress on his own, he can do most of the routine work independently.

Question (c)
What changes take place in us from birth till adulthood?

Question (d)
Name any three skills you have acquired.
Answer:
The skills that I have acquired are skipping, jumping, reading, writing, cycling etc.

Question (e)
What is meant by physical growth?
Answer:
Growing in height and weight from childhood to adulthood is called physical growth.

4. True or false?

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are true or false:
(a) A baby gradually learn to perform newly learnt tasks without making mistake.
(b) At, birth we already learn all skills.
(c) We cannot manage all our tasks entirely by overselves.
(d) Our height manage all our tasks entirely by oversieves.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 22 Growth and Personality Development Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blank with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
All living things eat grow ………………… .
(a) physically
(b) spritually
(c) mentally
Answer:
(a) physically

Question 2.
Human beings grow in height and weight from birth to ………………….. .
(a) childhood
(b) adulthood
(c) teens
Answer:
(b) adulthood

Question 3.
When a person begins to do a task more easily without doing mistake his ……………… increase.
(a) inefficiency
(b) practicality
(c) efficiency
Answer:
(c) efficiency

Question 4.
The greater the number of skills we learn, the less is our …………………. on others.
(a) independence
(b) effort
(c) dependence
Answer:
(c) dependence

Question 5.
We must all learn to take ……………….. for doing our personal tasks ourselves.
(a) responsibility
(b) jobs
(c) irresponsibility
Answer:
(a) responsibility

Question 6.
The features and traits that we possess right from the time we are born are known as……………….. traits.
(a) inborn
(b) inherited
(c) physical
Answer:
(b) inherited

Question 7.
Our personality develops through our …………………. and ……………….. .
(a) efforts
(b) strength
(c) interest
Answer:
(c) interest, (a) efforts

Question 8.
Only when ………………….. are put into practice, we can say the personality developed in excellent.
(a) good thoughts/values
(b) vices
(c) bad thoughts
Answer:
(a) good thoughts/values

Question 9.
Lack of …………….. also affects growth adversely even if we take nutritious food.
(a) money
(b) exercise
(c) jewellery
Answer:
(b) exercise

Question 10.
We can live an independent useful and enriched life with the help of ………………. .
(a) property
(b) skills
(c) vices
Answer:
(b) skills

Question 11.
Small babies ………………. do anything for themselves.
(a) can
(b) cannot
(c) able to
Answer:
(b) cannot

Question 12.
Achieving control of one’s …………………. or learning to do something new is called ‘learning a skill’.
(a) limbs
(b) movements
(c) arms
Answer:
(b) movements

Question 13.
Everyday, we keep …………….. .
(a) repeating
(b) walking
(c) learning
Answer:
(c) learning

Question 14.
With age our ……………… strength also increases.
(a) spiritual
(b) mental
(c) physical
Answer:
(c) physical

Question 15.
Animals learn only a certain number of ……………….. in their life.
(a) skills
(b) hunting
(c) steps
Answer:
(a) skills

Question 16.
Our height grows till we are about …………………. years old.
(a) 15
(b) 18
(c) 20
Answer:
(b) 18

Question 17.
People of one family show ……………….. in many ways.
(a) similarities
(b) dissimilar
(c) bonding
Answer:
(a) similarities

Question 18.
No one has any …………………. over which traits we will inherit and which we will not.
(a) tolerance
(b) control
(c) hand
Answer:
(b) control

Question 19.
We …………….. the ability to learn many skills.
(a) inherit
(b) remember
(c) copy
Answer:
(a) inherit

Question 20.
………………… our skills helps us to live an independent, useful and enriching life.
(a) Working out
(b) Practising
(c) Developing
Answer:
(c) Developing

Question 21.
Food is necessary for ……………….. .
(a) body
(b) growth
(c) diet
Answer:
(b) growth

Question 22.
Along with nutritious food, adequate ………………….. is also necessary for growth and development.
(a) skills
(b) cycling
(c) exercise
Answer:
(c) exercise

Question 23.
Lack of exercise ……………… growth adversely.
(a) effects
(b) affects
(c) defects
Answer:
(b) affects

Question 24.
Each person has every right to get the opportunity to make progress and ……………. their own life.
(a) bench
(b) prosperous
(c) enrich
Answer:
(c) enrich

Question 25.
Our physical and mental make up is not the ………………… as that of anyone else.
(a) different
(b) same
(c) similar
Answer:
(b) same

Question 26.
Our ……………….. develops through our interests and efforts.
(a) personality
(b) excellence
(c) exercise
Answer:
(a) personality

Question 27.
Our personality can be said to be …………….. only when we put good thoughts into practice.
(a) weak
(b) average
(c) excellent
Answer:
(c) excellent

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true or false:

1. The child is motivated to practice an activity again and again when he is praised for trying to carry out the activity.
2. Animals go on learning many skills throughout their life.
3. In a family all the brothers and sisters are identical.
4. A baby learn to walk and run only after his parents teach him.
5. If a baby is not able to walk and talk by the time it is two years, then growth and development of the baby is not taking place properly.
6. Learning various skills makes us independent as it helps us to do various tasks on our own.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True

Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
What do you mean by ‘inherited’ traits?
Answer:
The traits with which we are bom, and are common with members of our family are called ‘inherited’ traits.

Question 2.
What things would you like to do just for recreation?
Answer:
I would like to play football, cricket or do drawing, painting, or read a story book.

Question 3.
Which are the skills that a child of Std V should learn so that he can get ready for school without depending on his mother’s help?
Answer:
He should leam to wear his own tie, tie his shoes laces, wear shoes and socks, comb his hair, wear his clothes on his own. So that he can get ready for school without depending on his mother for her help.

Question 4.
What is meant by addiction?
Answer:
When a particular skill or activity increases our dependence on it, by making us crave for repeating it again and again it is called addiction.

Question 5.
Name a few activities which lead to addiction and affect development of a child.
Answer:
Playing video games, eating gutka, paan masala, playing games on mobile, eating chocolates etc. are a few skills or activities which lead to addiction and have bad effects on the development of a child.

Question 6.
What is learning a skill?
Answer:
Achieving control of one’s movements or leam to do something new is called ‘learning a skill’.

Question 7.
What is development?
Answer:
As we grow, our height, weight and physical strength increase, also we leam a lot of new skills. This progress we make is called development.

Question 8.
What skills do animals learn from their mothers?
Answer:
Animals learn from their mother, skills to obtain food, protect themselves from the sun, rain and from enemies.

Question 9.
How do people sometimes recognize us?
Answer:
People of one family show similarities, some of our features or traits are like those of our grandparents or our parent’s siblings. That is why sometimes people who know them recognize us.

Question 10.
What is heredity?
Answer:
Being bom with certain features or traits in common with the members of our family is ‘heredity’.

Question 11.
What leads to good development?
Answer:
We must study well, avoid addiction, develop hobbies, take part in sports, learn new skills. This way of life leads to good development.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Sayali is in the sixth standard. They are going for a picnic. Sayali’s Aai is going to make ladoos for the whole class. But she needs Sayali’s help. What can Sayali do to help?
Answer:
Sayali can make a list of the ingredients needed to make ladoos with the help of her mother. Sayali can assist her mother to give shape to the ladoos. Sayali can pack the ladoos in a tiffin box. This is how Sayali can help mother.

Question 2.
Many skills have been mentioned in this lesson up to now. Can you do without learning some of them? Which ones are necessary for any person?
Answer:
Yes, it is not necessary to leam all the skills. Everyone need not leam the skill of playing football, cook a meal, write a story, press clothes etc. However everyone should be able to eat with one’s own hand, wash one’s own face, have a bath, dressing oneself, reading a book, writing answers, communicate his thoughts etc.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
How many years does it take the young ones of the tiger/elephant to start living independently?
Answer:
The cub of a tiger starts living independently after 18 months. However sometimes it takes 2 years to 2 1/2 years also. The calf of an elephant starts living independently after 6 years. However sometimes they may become independent after 8-10 years also.

Question 2.
Explain what do you mean by development.
Answer:
As we grow, our height and weight increases. With age our physical strength also increase. We also keep learning more and more new skills. In this way every individual makes progress. ‘This is called development’.

Question 3.
Describe the factors that affect growth and development.
Answer:
The factors that affect growth and development are the food we eat, exercise and our values and behaviour.
1. The food that we eat: If we have nutritious food we gain strength and ability to learn various skills. We also grow tall and develop a good personality. If food is not nutritious we become malnourished and development and growth gets affected.
2. Exercise also brings about proper growth and development. Lack of exercise affects growth adversely.
3. Along with food and exercise it is important that we have Food values and we put it into practice. Our values and behaviour also affect development. Good thoughts put into practice make us an excellent personality.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Always playing video games or games on mobile is not good for development.
OR
Always playing video games has an adverse effect on personality.
Answer:
Always playing video games and games on mobile makes a person addicted to it. The person cannot think of anything else and looses concentration in other activities. The child playing these games cannot concentrate in studies, nor is he able to develop new good skills.

Seeing the violence in the video game the child does not get good thoughts. Hence due to all this, good development does not take place and it affects the child’s growth and personality adversely.

Can you tell:

Question 1.
Can an infant feed itself?
Answer:
No, the infant cannot feed itself. The mother has to feed the infant.

Question 2.
Can a two years old child fold clothes neatly?
Answer:
No, a two year old child cannot fold his clothes neatly. However if taught he can try to fold his handkerchief.

Question 3.
When do they learn to these task?
Answer:
The child learns to feed himself a when he is one year old. However he can feed himself properly without spilling after two years. The child can fold his clothes after he becomes five years old.

Question 4.
Which of the following things have you learnt to do? Which Ones have you yet to learn?
Answer:
The tasks which a fifth Std child can do are skipping on a rope, writing an essay, combing his hair, telling a story, using a computer, etc. The child may not be able to give a speech, riding a bicycle, swimming, counting money, climbing a tree etc.

Glossary:

1. traits – genetically determined characteristic
2. addiction – to become dependent on something.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 21 Busy at Work – Our Internal Organs Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 21 Busy at Work – Our Internal Organs

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 21 Busy at Work – Our Internal Organs Textbook Questions and Answers

1. what’s the solution?

Question 1.
A person has fainted and a crowd of people has surrounded him.

2. Use your brain power!

Question (a)
Why do we sometimes choke suddenly while eating?
Answer:
The food that we chew in the mouth enters the oesophagus after swallowing. The upper ends of both the oesophagus and the windpipe open in the throat next to each other. When we swallow the food in a hurry while eating, sometimes the food suddenly enters the windpipe causing us to suddenly choke.

Question (b)
How is the air that we inhale purified in our body?
Answer:
The inner lining of the respiratory tract secretes a sticky substance called mucus. It also has hair-like structures called cilia. The air that we inhale is purified with the help of this mucus and cilia. The cilia filter the dust, smoke, micro-organisms etc. and these substances get entangled in the sticky mucus and stick to the inner lining of the nose. Sometimes the cilia push out these substances towards the nostrils which is then blown out by sneezing. Thus this is how air that we inhale is purified.

3. Fill in the blanks.

Question (a)
………………… gas is continuously transported to all parts of the body.
(a) Oxygen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Nitrogen
Answer:
(a) Oxygen

Question (b)
The stomach is like a …………………… .
(a) ball
(b) skin
(c) bag
Answer:
(c) bag

4. Match the columns:

Question 1.
Match the columns:

Group ‘A’	Group ’B’
1. Lungs	(a) Circulation
2. Stomach	(b) Respiration
3. Heart	(c) Co-ordination
4. Brain	(d) Digestion

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ’B’
1. Lungs	(b) Respiration
2. Stomach	(d) Digestion
3. Heart	(a) Circulation
4. Brain	(c) Co-ordination

5. Answer the following questions.

Question (a)
Name the systems that carry out the different functions of the body.
Answer:
The systems that carry out the different functions of the body are Digestive system, Respiratory system, Circulatory system, Excretory system, Nervous system and Skeletal system.

Question (b)
Describe how the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases takes place in the lungs.
Answer:
The air that we inhale contains oxygen. This outside air reaches the lungs with the help of the respiratory organs like nose, trachea and diaphragm. When the outside air reaches the alveoli present in the lungs it passes into the thin blood vessels around the alveoli.

With the blood, it flows to the various parts of the body. At the same time the carbon dioxide that is brought by the blood from all parts of the body leave the blood and enters the alveoli. When we exhale this carbon dioxide is given out. In this way the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases takes place in the lungs.

Question (c)
Why do we call saliva, a digestive juice?
Answer:
The digestive juice are the juices secreted by the glands present outside the digestive system and they help in digesting the food. When food is taken in the mouth, saliva is secreted by the glands called salivary glands into the mouth.

The saliva then mixes with the food that is chewed and it converts the food into soft moist ball called bolus which is easy to swallow. The saliva also digests the starch present in the food. Since saliva helps in digestion of food it, is called a digestive juice.

6. Choose the appropriate word from the brackets:

Question (a)
Respiration takes place because of its up and down movement.
Answer:
diaphragm

Question (b)
The process of keeping the blood flowing continuously throughout the body
Answer:
circulation

Question (c)
Air that enters through the nose and passes into this tube.
Answer:
trachea

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 21 Busy at Work – Our Internal Organs Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
The …………………. is present between the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity below the lung.
(a) stomach
(b) diaphragm
(c) heart
Answer:
(b) diaphragm

Question 2.
The air sacs formed at the end of the last branches of the trachea are called ………………… .
(a) alveoli
(b) thoracic
(c) blood vessel
Answer:
(a) alveoli

Question 3.
The inner lining of the respiratory organs has the fine hair-like structures called ……………….. .
(a) nose
(b) cilia
(c) alveoli
Answer:
(b) cilia

Question 4.
A layer of sticky substances present in the inner lining of the respiratory organ is known as …………… .
(a) mucus
(b) cilia
(c) skin
Answer:
(a) mucus

Question 5.
Smoking causes life threatning diseases like ………………… .
(a) lung cancer
(b) asthma
(c) pneumonia
Answer:
(a) lung cancer

Question 6.
The process of digestion begins in the …………….. .
(a) stomach
(b) oesophagus
(c) mouth
Answer:
(c) mouth

Question 7.
Small intestine of an adult is …………………. long and the large intestine is ………………. long.
(a) 7 mtrs
(b) 1 1/2 mtr
(c) 2 mtrs
Answer:
(a) 7 mtrs, (b) 1 1/2 mtr

Question 8.
………………….. is the hardest substance in our body.
(a) Tooth enamel
(b) Nail
(c) Hair
Answer:
(a) Tooth enamel

Question 9.
…………………… is secreted by the salivary glands.
(a) Mucus
(b) Saliva
(c) Cilia
Answer:
(b) Saliva

Question 10.
It is necessary for the body to get a continuous supply of ………………… .
(a) oxygen
(b) nitrogen
(c) carbon dioxide
Answer:
(a) oxygen

Question 11.
When the diaphragm moves …………….. we breathe in.
(a) upward
(b) sideways
(c) downward
Answer:
(c) downward

Question 12.
The food we eat is ………………….. in our body.
(a) mixed
(b) churned
(c) digested
Answer:
(c) digested

Question 13.
The teeth, tongue and saliva all help to convert food into a soft moist ball called a …………………………. .
(a) bolus
(b) cilia
(c) saliva
Answer:
(a) bolus

Question 14.
As a result of respiration, …………………. enters the blood in the body and spreads to all parts of the body.
(a) carbon
(b) sulphur
(c) oxygen
Answer:
(c) oxygen

Question 15.
The process of keeping the blood flowing through all parts of the body is called ……………….. circulation.
(a) body
(b) blood
(c) oxygen
Answer:
(b) blood

Question 16.
As long as we are alive, the process of blood ………………… goes on continuously, day and night.
(a) respiration
(b) circulation
(c) co-ordination
Answer:
(b) circulation

Question 17.
Maintaining the co-ordination of the different functions in the body is the function of the ……………… .
(a) lung
(b) nerves
(c) brain
Answer:
(c) brain

Question 18.
A network of ………………… carry messages to and fro between the brain and the parts of the body.
(a) nerves
(b) blood vessels
(c) muscles
Answer:
(a) nerves

Question 19.
The brain and the network of nerves are together called the ………………. system.
(a) circulatory
(b) nervous
(c) respiratory
Answer:
(b) nervous

Define the following or Explain the terms:

Question 1.
System
Answer:
A group of organs that carry out similar functions in the body is called a system.

Question 2.
Blood circulation
Answer:
The process of keeping the blood flowing through all parts of the body is called blood circulation.

Question 3.
Digestion
Answer:
The process of converting food to simpler substances which can get mixed into blood easily is called digestion.

Question 4.
Respiration
Answer:
The process of entering of oxygen into the blood, so that it can be used to burn the food and release energy is called respiration.

Question 3.
Choose the appropriate word from the brackets:
(constipation, trachea, diaphragm, circulation, breathing, brain, enamel)

1. Maintaining co-ordination between various systems is its function.
2. When there is a tooth decay this is corroded a.
3. The process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide.
4. Passing hard stool or not passing stool regularly.

Answer:

1. brain
2. enamel
3. breathing
4. constipation

4.

Question (A)
Match the columns:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
1. Mouth	(a) Excess water present is absorbed
2. Stomach	(b) Faeces collected
3. Small intestine	(c) Formation of bolus
4. Large intestine	(d) Food absorbed into the blood
5. Rectum	(e) Food changes to thin slurry

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
1. Mouth	(c) Formation of bolus
2. Stomach	(e) Food changes to thin slurry
3. Small intestine	(d) Food absorbed into the blood
4. Large intestine	(a) Excess water present is absorbed
5. Rectum	(b) Faeces collected

Question 5.
Name the following:

1. An organ that pumps blood continuously.
2. An organ that maintains and co-ordinates the functioning of all the organ systems.
3. An organ that expels4faeces.
4. Organs which are affected by drinking alcohol for a long period of time.
5. A system that gives support and shape to the body.
6. A system that expels the waste substances that are formed in the body.

Answer:

1. Heart
2. Brain
3. Anus
4. Liver and Kidney
5. Skeletal System
6. Excretory System

Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Which organ helps us to enjoy many different tastes and flavours while having our meals?
Answer:
The tongue and the nose help us to sense the taste and flavours while having our meal.

Question 2.
Name the organs of the digestive system. (Use your brain power.)
Answer:
The organs of the digestive system are mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus and all the other outside glands like salivary glands, liver and pancreas.

Question 3.
In which cavity of the body are the brain, lungs, heart and stomach situated and what is its function?
Answer:
The brain is situated in the cranial cavity, the heart and the lung is present the thoracic cavity and the stomach is present in the abdominal cavity. The bones present in the cavity protect these delicate organs.

Question 4.
Which bones protect the brain, heart and lungs and the stomach?
Answer:
The brain is protected by the skull, the heart and lungs are protected by rib cage as they are present inside it and the stomach is protected by strong muscles and by the rib cage.

Question 5.
How is faeces formed?
Answer:
When the digested food and water gets absorbed into the blood, and then what remains behind forms the faeces.

Question 6.
How many times do humans breathe per minute when resting or sitting comfortably?
Answer:
A healthy adult breathes 16-20 times per minute whereas a child of 6 months breathes 25-40 times per minutes and a child of 6-10 years breathes 18-25 times per minute.

Question 7.
How many times does one breathe after running a hundred metre race?
Answer:
When a person runs a race the breath rate is more than 16-20 times per minute for an adult and more than 18-25 times per minute for a child of 6 -10 years.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Harmful substances like dust, smoke and microorganisms present in the air cannot reach the lungs.
Answer:
The inner lining of the nose has thin hair-like structures called cilia. This inner lining also secretes a sticky substance called mucus. The harmful substances like dust, smoke, micro-organisms etc. are filtered by the cilia and they get entangled in the mucus.

This then sticks to the inner lining of the nose. The cilia sometimes pushes these substances towards the nostril. This is then blown out by sneezing. Thus the harmful substances are prevented from entering the lungs.

Question 2.
Smoking for a long time reduces the efficiency of the lung.
Answer:
When one keeps smoking over a long period of time, the toxic substances in the smoke collect in the respiratory tract. The solid particles in this tobacco smoke form a sticky layer inside the alveoli. As these toxic substances get collected more and more, the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide does not take place properly. Therefore, the efficiency of the lung decreases.

Question 3.
It is important to drink adequate quantities of water after eating.
Answer:
Water is absorbed through the alimentary canal and used for all processes. If one does not drink enough water digestion cannot take place properly, as food cannot keep moving properly. This will lead to constipation. Also water absorbed is used for the proper functioning of all other body processes. Therefore, it is important to drink adequate quantity of water.

Question 4.
We must not eat in a hurry and avoid speaking while eating.
Answer:
The upper ends of both the oesophagus and the windpipe open in the throat next to each other. When food is swallowed the wind pipe remains closed. If we eat in a hurry or speak while eating, food may enter the windpipe and cause us to choke. To avoid this from happening, we must not eat in a hurry or speak while eating.

Question 5.
It is dangerous to drive after drinking alcohol.
Answer:
Alcohol affects the nervous system. Hence when one drinks alcohol, one loses control over the movements of the body due to lack of co-ordination. Due to lack of co-ordination while driving when many accidents occur on the road, leading to loss of life. Therefore, it is dangerous to drive after drinking alcohol.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Describe which systems work together to provide the body with energy.
Answer:
The oxygen present in the inhaled air enters the blood due to the respiratory system. The food is digested and it also enters the blood due to the digestive system. The blood then flows to every part of the body due to circulatory system and it supplies the digested food and oxygen.

The food acts as fuel and it bums slowly in presence of oxygen releasing energy. This energy is then used by various parts of the body to do work. Thus the respiratory system, digestive system and circulatory system work together to provide the body with energy.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Describe the process of digestion taking place in the stomach.
Answer:
The soft bolus which is swallowed enters the stomach through the oesophagus. Here the food is then churned. The digestive juices mix with this food and bring about some digestive process. At the same time disease producing . germs present in the food are destroyed. The food then changes into a thin slurry’ and passes into the small intestine.

Question 2.
How is food absorbed into the blood?
Answer:
The thin slurry formed in the stomach enters the small intestine. Many glands like liver, pancreas secrete their digestive juices into the small intestine. These secretions help in the digestive process. As a result of these processes, some substances which can easily mix with the blood are formed. These substances are then absorbed into the blood.

Question 3.
Give the functions of the following system, (a) Skeletal System (b) Nervous System (c) Excretory System.
Answer:
(a) Skeletal System gives support and shape to our body. They also protect the important organs like brain, heart, lungs, etc. present in our body.
(b) Nervous System: It helps to co-ordinate the functions of various systems. Thus it maintains the smooth functioning of all the systems.
(c) Excretory System: It helps to expel the waste produced in our body and helps in keeping us
healthy.

Question 4.
How do we inhale and exhale air?
Answer:
When the diaphragm moves down, the air is sucked inside the lung. Thus air is inhaled when diaphragm moves up the air inside the lung is pushed out. Thus the air is exhaled. The up and down movement of the diaphragm causes us to exhale and inhale air.

Question 5.
Draw neat and labelled diagram of:
(1) Respiratory system (2) Digestive system.
Answer:
1. Respiratory system

2. Digestive system

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Name the organs that bring about respiration.
Answer:
The organs that help in respiration are, the nose, the trachea or wind pipe, the diaphragm and the lungs.

Question 2.
How do we know that we are hungry and that we should eat?
Answer:
When the food absorbed in the blood gets exhausted, after release of energy, the message reaches the brain via the network of nerves. Due to this, the brain then gets the signal that the body needs food. We realise we are hungry and we need to eat food.

Question 3.
How do the salivary glands come to know that there is food in the mouth and it is time to secrete saliva?
Answer:
When we eat food the nerve present in the nose and tongue send the message via the network of nerves to the brain. The brain then sends the message to the salivary gland to secrete the saliva. This is how the salivary glands comes to know that there is food in the mouth and it needs to secrete saliva.

Question 4.
What makes respiration and blood circulation go on all the time and the process of digestion happen at the right time?
Answer:
Our body needs energy to do work. Due to this our body requires a supply of oxygen continuously. Thus to supply oxygen continuously respiration goes on continuously. To carry oxygen to all the parts of the body continuously blood needs to circulate. Therefore circulation also needs to go on continuously. When energy is released the food absorbed in the blood gets exhausted. Through the network of nerves the brain gets the message and it signals us that we are hungry and we need to eat food.

The moment we eat food the nervous system brings about co-ordination between the digestive organs and digestion takes place at the right time. Thus respiration and blood circulation go on all the time and the process of digestion happens at the right time.

Glossary:

1. moist – slightly wet
2. churned – moved vigorously.
3. adequate – acceptable in quantity.
4. corroded – damaged
5. expels – forces out from body.
6. choke – difficulty in breathing
7. secretes -produces and discharges (a substance).
8. slurry – a semi-liquid mixture.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 25 Community Health and Hygiene Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 25 Community Health and Hygiene

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 25 Community Health and Hygiene Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blank.

Question a.
A healthy and wholesome life leads to feelings of …………….. .
Answer:
A healthy and wholesome life leads to a feeling of friendship.

Question b.
Constant presence of tobacco in the digestive organs can lead to cancer of ………….. .
Answer:
Constant presence of tobacco in the digestive organs can lead to cancer of (any) digestive organs.

Question c.
…………… leads to diseases of the liver, intestines and urinary bladder
Answer:
Alcoholism leads to diseases of the liver, intestines and urinary bladder

Question d.
The most important factor in the country’s progress and development are its ……………. .
Answer:
The most important factor in the country’s progress and development are its people.

Question e.
Good community ………… can be achieved through habits of hygiene and good health.
Answer:
Good community health and hygiene can be achieved through habits of hygiene and good health.

2. True or false? Correct the wrong statement.

Question a.
Pollution, squalor, epidemics, addictions, and insect-borne diseases are all beneficial for community health.
1. True
2. False
Answer:
Pollution, squalor. epidemics. addictions and insect-borne diseases are all threats to the community

Question b.
There is a ban on spitting in public places.
1. True
2. False
Answer:
1. True.

Question c.
A nutritious diet, personal hygiene, exercise and pursuit of hobbies lead to excellent health.
1. True
2. False
Answer:
1. True

Question d.
We cannot live a wholesome life if we take care of our health.
1. True
2. False
Answer:
We can live a wholesome life if we take care of our health

3. Answer the following question.

Question a.
How can you achieve excellent health?
Answer:
Nutritious food. personal cleanliness. exercise and pursuit of hobbies leads to achievement of excellent health.

Question b.
What factors are a threat to community health?
Answer:
Pollution, squalor, epidemics of infectious diseases. addiction, insect-borne diseases, malnutrition are the factors that cause a threat to community health.

Question c.
What are the ill effects of chewing tobacco?
Answer:

1. If tobacco is consumed, there are ulcers in the mouth. Ulcers develop into bigger wounds and they are later turned into tumours.
2. Oral cancer, i.e. cancer of the mouth may be formed.
3. Tobacco entering into the digestive system cause cancer of any of the digestive organs. It also leads to various complaints of the digestive system.
4. A person with cancer has to undergo painful treatment. It can lead to death.

Question d.
What are the ill effects of alcoholism?
Answer:

1. Alcohol acts on the brain of a person. Person becomes drowsy and confused.
2. Alcohol makes a person lose control over one’s actions.
3. Alcohol causes diseases of the liver, intestines and kidney, and urinary bladder.

Use your brain power

Question 1.
What bad habits will you guard against while trying to achieve your aim or interest in life?
Answer:
Do it yourself

Activity :

Question 1.
Write and present a short play on preventing addictions in society.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 25 Community Health and Hygiene Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blank with the correct answers from the option given below:

Question 1.
Pollution, squalor, epidemics of infectious diseases and insect borne diseases, addictions are all …………………. to community health.
(a) encouragement
(b) threats
(c) addictions
Answer:
(b) threats

Question 2.
It is a ………………… offence to spit in public places.
(a) legal
(b) illegal
(c) criminal
Answer:
(a) legal

Question 3.
If we take care of our health it is possible to lead a ……………… life.
(a) happy
(b) wholesome
(c) comfortable
Answer:
(a) happy

Question 4.
Cigarettes, bidis, masheri are …………… products.
(a) factory
(b) modern
(c) tobacco
Answer:
(c) tobacco

Question 5.
An entire family is destroyed due to …………………. of alcohol.
(a) addiction
(b) consumption
(c) solution
Answer:
(a) addiction

Question 6.
Addiction of tobacco can cause diseases like ………….
(a) tuberculosis
(b) cancer
(c) malaria
Answer:
(b) cancer

Question 7.
We must make ………….. to ensure good health for all.
(a) efforts
(b) pollution
(c) ugliness
Answer:
(a) efforts

Question 8.
To nurture community health is to ………… the general public from disease.
(a) avoid
(b) protect
(c) encourage
Answer:
(b) protect

Question 9.
People are urged in every possible way to keep their ………………. clean.
(a) surroundings
(b) body
(c) mind
Answer:
(a) surroundings

Question 10.
If we take care of our health, it is possible for us to lead a ……………… life.
(a) complete
(b) incomplete
(c) wholesome
Answer:
(c) wholesome

Question 11.
We see many people …………. tobacco in different ways.
(a) consuming
(b) destroying
(c) shunning
Answer:
(a) consuming

Question 12.
Drinking alcohol has …………… effects on the body.
(a) good
(b) bad
(c) adverse
Answer:
(c) adverse

Question 13.
Addiction to alcohol is called ………….. .
(a) fanatism
(b) alcoholism
(c) lunatism
Answer:
(b) alcoholism

Question 14.
……………. makes a person drowsy and confused.
(a) Alcohol
(b) Milk
(c) Coffee
Answer:
(a) Alcohol

Question 15.
………………….. causes diseases of the liver, intestines and urinary bladder.
(a) Fanatism
(b) Alcoholism
(c) Socialism
Answer:
(b) Alcoholism

Question 16.
Addiction to tobacco or alcohol are both very ……… habits.
(a) good
(b) bad
(c) ugly
Answer:
(b) bad

Question 17.
Never be ………… about health.
(a) negative
(b) assertive
(c) negligent
Answer:
(c) negligent

Question 18.
The family of an addict gets deprived of health and happiness is …………
(a) ruined
(b) built
(c) restored
Answer:
(a) ruined

Question 19.
Tobacco, drugs and alcohol produce a state of …………… .
(a) peace
(b) aggression
(c) intoxication
Answer:
(c) intoxication

Question 20.
Learn to say ………… firmly in order to avoid bad habits.
(a) Yeas
(b) No
(c) OK
Answer:
(b) No

From the actions given below, mark those that are harmful with a cross (✗) and healthy with a (✓) marks:

Question 1.

1. Burning of tyres. [ ]
2. Spitting anywhere on the road. [ ]
3. Using public toilets [ ]
4. Looking after domestic animals [ ]
5. Following doctor’s instructions in cases of infectious diseases [ ]
6. Washing your hands before a meal or snack. [ ]
7. Throwing the garbage from your house on to the road. [ ]

Answer:

1. Burning of tyres. [✗]
2. Spitting anywhere on the road. [ ✗]
3. Using public toilets [✓]
4. Looking after domestic animals [✓]
5. Following doctor’s instructions in cases of infectious diseases [✓]
6. Washing your hands before a meal or snack. [✓]
7. Throwing the garbage from your house on to the road. [✗]

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What leads to good health?
Answer:
Nutritious food, personal hygiene, exercise and pursuit of hobbies lead to excellent health and good personal development.

Question 2.
How is mass media used to ensure community health?
Answer:
Mass media are used under community welfare programmes to educate people about issues such as taking care of drinking water and food.

Question 3.
How can we lead a wholesome life?
Answer:
If we take care of our health, it is possible for us to lead a wholesome life.

Question 4.
What happens when people of a society live a healthy and wholesome life?
Answer:
If people of a society live a healthy and wholesome life, social tensions also decrease and feelings of friendship can be nurtured.

Question 5.
What is addiction?
Answer:
At first, a person may consume drugs, alcohol or tobacco casually, but later he becomes dependent and cannot give up the habit. This stage is called addiction.

Question 6.
What happens to people when they are tobacco addicts?
Answer:
When people develop this habit, they become restless if they do not get tobacco. They are not able to pay attention to anything else as they have to have tobacco in their mouth at all times.

Question 7.
Why should we stay away from drugs, tobacco and alcohol?
Answer:
Addiction to drugs, alcohol or tobacco eventually kills the person. So everyone should be aware of the ill-effects of these addictions and strictly stay away from them.

Question 8.
How can we help an addict?
Answer:
An addict should be given the help of counsellors or doctors immediately to rid the person of the habit.

Question 9.
What is the only solution to stay away from bad habits?
Answer:
Learning to say ‘NO! firmly is the best way to stay away from bad habits.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Burning tyres is not good.
Answer:
Tyres are made of rubber. When rubber burns it gives out many gases which are poisonous. These gases spread in the air and when inhales these gases affect the health of the people. Burning tyres also causes pollution of air. This will also affect birds and animals. Hence it is not good to burn tyres.

Question 2.
One should not spit on the road.
Answer:
Spitting on the road spreads infectious diseases if the spit is of a person already suffering from a disease. The spit dries up and it flies in the air and when we inhale this air we get the disease. Hence spitting on the road is not good.

Question 3.
One should not throw garbage on the road.
Answer:
Garbage thrown on the road decays and many flies sit on this. Even water gets stagnated due to garbage and mosquitoes breed there. Decaying garbage emits a foul smell and makes the place dirty. Hence this can affect the people’s health.

Question 4.
State whether true or false? Correct the wrong statements:

1. Alcoholism causes diseases of liver, intestines, and urinary bladder.
2. Eating mawa, pan masala are good for health.
3. Community welfare programmes educate people about safe drinking water and food.
4. Ban on smoking in public places helps in preventing the bad effects of passive smoking

Answer:

1. True
2. False. Eating pan masala is bad for health.
3. True
4. True

Some important factors that are harmful for community health are mentioned below. Some suggested remedies are mentioned in the next box. Add other ill effects and remedies to the respective boxes.

Question 1.


Answer:

What’s the solution?

Question 1.
You have seen one of your friend’s brother smoking and drinking alcohol and he is slowly becoming addicted.
Answer:
If you see your friend’s, brothers becoming addicted with smoking and drinking alcohol, you should tell this to his parents. Then your friend’s, brother should be taken to a doctor or councellor to rid him of the habit. The family members and friend should support him and help him to give up the habit. Once he is rid of the habit, he should engage himself in some sports or other hobbies.

Question 2.
There is a slum area is your locality where there is lot of filth, dirt and people are living in squalor.
Answer:
People should be educated about the need to maintain hyginic conditions. The students can plan an awareness drive and do street plays and people should be educated about how they should keep their surroundings clean.

+

Glossary :

1. malnutrition – faulty nutrition due to inadequate or unblanced intake of nutrients
2. envy – a feeling of discontent aroused by someone’s qualities etc.
3. tuberculosis – a communicable disease that affects the • lungs caused by tubercle bacillus.
4. epidemic – an outbreak of disease affecting a large population
5. infectious – communicable by infection
6. wholesome – promoting healthy body
7. restless – showing unrest of mind.
8. passive smoking – involuntary inhalations of tobacco smoke by a nonsmoker,
9. remedies – treatment that relieves or cures a disease.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question 1.
You are hungry, but the food has been left uncovered.
Answer:
Heating kills all the disease germs present in the food. So if food is uncovered then one should heat (warm) the food and then eat it when hungry. Eating warm food is always good for health.

2. Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Which method of preventing the breeding of mosquitoes will you recommend for your surroundings – not allowing water to stagnate or spraying insecticides on the water? Why?
Answer:
First of all it is better not to allow water to stagnate. Hence I would recommend this method for preventing breeding of mosquitoes. However if there are nullahs or gutters in the surrounding area then spraying insecticide on water will be recommended to kill the mosquito larvae growing in water. Therefore both the methods need to be applied sometimes.

3. Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question (a)
What is an infectious disease?
Answer:
When diseases spread from one person to another person, they are called infectious diseases.

Question (b)
What are the mediums of the spread of diseases?
Answer:
Diseases spread through mediums like food, water, air and insect bite. Sometimes it also spreads by coming in direct contact with a diseased person.

Question (c)
What happens when there is an epidemic of disease?
Answer:
When many people in one area get the same infectious disease at the same time, we say there is an epidemic of the disease. During an epidemic air and water gets contaminated with the disease germs and the disease spreads rapidly. Contaminated water also contaminates the food. If the epidemic is severe many people become serious and need to be hospitalised. To control the epidemic one needs to maintain hygiene and a clean surrounding.

Question (d)
What is vaccination?
Answer:
When a person is given a vaccine against a specific disease, he develops resistance to that disease. This process of giving vaccine is called vaccination. Whooping cough diphtheria and tetanus called triple vaccine is given.

Question (e)
Make a list of the vaccination given to a new bom baby.
Answer:
The table given below shows the list of vaccinations given to the new bom baby along with the schedule of when the vaccination is given:

Vaccine given	Disease against which it is given	Age of the new bom baby when it is given
BCG Vaccine	Against Tuberculosis	within 15 days after baby is just born
Hepa B vaccine	Jaundice caused by Hepatitis B vims	As soon as the baby is born
Oral Polio	Against Polio	Within 2 weeks
Triple vaccine	Against Diphteria, whooping cough and tetanus	After 6 weeks baby is born

Triple vaccine is repeated twice again after 10 weeks and 14 weeks after the baby is bom. Hep. B vaccine is also repeated twice after 4 weeks and 8 weeks after birth. After completing a year the baby is given vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. It is called MMR vaccine.

4. True or False:

Question (a)
Intestinal diseases spread though air.
Answer:
False

Question (b)
Some diseases are caused by the anger of gods
Answer:
False

5. Classify the diseases given below as diseases that spread through food, through water, and through air:

Question 1.
Classify the diseases given below as diseases that spread through food, through water, and through air:
Malaria, Typhoid, Cholera, Tuberculosis, Jaundice, Gastro, Diarrhoea, Diphtheria, Conjunctivitis, Chickenpox.
Answer:

Through Food	Through Water	Through Air
Typhoid	Typhoid	Tuberculosis
Cholera	Cholera	Diphtheria
Jaundice	Jaundice	Conjunctivitis
Gastro Diarrhoea	Diarrhoea	Chickenpox

6. Give reasons.

Question (a)
When there is an epidemic of cholera, we should boil water before drinking.
Answer:
Sometimes water gets mixed with faeces of person who is suffering from the cholera and it gets contaminated. When people drink this contaminated water an epidemic of cholera spreads.
Boiling the water kills the germs causing the disease and hence one is prevented from getting cholera.
Therefore during an epidemic of cholera one should boil water and drink.

Question (b)
We should not allow puddles of water to stand in our surroundings.
Answer:
When water stagnates in a puddle, mosquitoes lay eggs in the water and they increase in number. Mosquito bite spread malaria germs and people suffer from malaria. To prevent people from getting malaria mosquitoes should be stopped from breeding. To prevent mosquitoes from breeding we should not allow puddle of water to stand in our surrounding.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blank with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
……………….. cause diseases.
(a) Microorganisms
(b) Bacteria
(c) Germs
Answer:
(a) Microorganisms

Question 2.
Every …………………. is caused by a specific microorganism or germ.
(a) illness
(b) disease
(c) flu
Answer:
(b) disease

Question 3.
The germs of disease like influenza are present in the spit or ………………… of the person who has the disease.
(a) tongue
(b) nose
(c) saliva
Answer:
(c) saliva

Question 4.
When diseases spread through food it is called ………………. .
(a) food poisoning
(b) viral
(c) infection
Answer:
(a) food poisoning

Question 5.
Malaria is caused due to bite of a certain kind of ………………… .
(a) animal
(b) mosquito
(c) bird
Answer:
(b) mosquito

Question 6.
Germs of diseases like conjunctivitis spreads through …………………. .
(a) air
(b) water
(c) faces
Answer:
(a) air

Question 7.
Cholera spreads when people drink ……………. water.
(a) good
(b) contaminated
(c) bottled
Answer:
(b) contaminated

Question 8.
People who have a serious infectious disease like tuberculosis or swine flu are ……………….. .
(a) hospitalised
(b) educated
(c) quarantined
Answer:
(c) quarantined

Question 9.
As soon as the baby is born it is given ………………. vaccine.
(a) tuberculosis
(b) triple
(c) polio
Answer:
(a) tuberculosis

Question 10.
The …………………. vaccine is given orally.
(a) conjunctivitis
(b) polio
(c) malaria
Answer:
(b) polio

Question 11.
When the germs of a particular disease enter the body and begins to grow, the person gets the …………… .
(a) food
(b) disease
(c) cough
Answer:
(b) disease

Question 12.
Disease of the throat and the chest spread through the ………………. .
(a) water
(b) faeces
(c) air
Answer:
(b) faeces

Question 13.
People get ………………. or diarrhoea after eating contaminated food at a function.
(a) flue
(b) gastro
(c) viral
Answer:
(b) gastro

Question 14.
Maintaining ……………….. everywhere is beneficial for our health.
(a) food
(b) cleanliness
(c) disease
Answer:
(b) cleanliness

Question 15.
It is important to always keep our food ……………….. .
(a) covered
(b) uncovered
(c) uncooked
Answer:
(a) covered

Question 16.
Insects like mosquitoes, lice and fleas spread …………………. .
(a) beauty
(b) health
(c) disease
Answer:
(c) disease

Question 17.
Ringworm, scabies are disease that affect the …………….. .
(a) head
(b) skin
(c) bones
Answer:
(b) skin

Question 18.
Germs of disease like the flu or conjunctivitis spread quickly through the …………….. .
(a) air
(b) water
(c) fire
Answer:
(a) air

Question 19.
If, at some place, mosquitoes ……………… in large numbers then many people there can get malaria
(a) beautify
(b) breed
(c) creed
Answer:
(b) breed

Question 20.
Air, water, food and insects are the ……………….. through which disease spread.
(a) mediums
(b) area
(c) report
Answer:
(a) mediums

Question 21.
It is possible to ……………….. a disease from ecoming an epidemic.
(a) familiarize
(b) prevent
(c) breed
Answer:
(b) prevent

Question 22.
To prevent disease from spreading through water, it is ………………… at the water works.
(a) diluted
(b) polluted
(c) purified
Answer:
(c) purified

Question 23.
When there is an epidemic of gastro or jaundice, people are advised to ………………. water before drinking it.
(a) cook
(b) steam
(c) boil
Answer:
(c) boil

Question 24.
To prevent mosquitoes from breeding, we must ensure there is no ……………… water in the surroundings.
(a) stagnant
(b) flowing
(c) rippling
Answer:
(a) stagnant

Question 25.
Clothes and utensils used by patients are washed with ………………… .
(a) pesticides
(b) germicides
(c) fertilizers
Answer:
(b) germicides

Question 26.
Our body develops …………….. to a particular disease due to vaccination.
(a) resistance
(b) persistance
(c) deliverance
Answer:
(a) resistance

Question 27.
The vaccines for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus are combined into a ………………. vaccine and given as an injection.
(a) single
(b) double
(c) triple
Answer:
(c) triple

Question 28.
Polio Vaccine is given …………………… .
(a) verbally
(b) mentally
(c) orally
Answer:
(c) orally

Question 29.
Primary Health Centres have been established at the ……………. level.
(a) urban
(b) village
(c) grass root
Answer:
(b) village

Question 30.
It is in now forbidden by law to ……………….. in a public place.
(a) spit
(b) sit
(c) stand
Answer:
(a) spit

Question 31.
………………….. media are also used for raising public awareness about health and hygiene issues.
(a) Mass
(b) Public
(c) Home
Answer:
(a) Mass

Question 2.
Match the columns:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Ringworm	1. Contaminated Air
(b) Jaundice	2. Direct contact
(c) Tuberculosis	3. Open wound contaminated with soil
(d) Dengue	4. Contaminated food and water
(e) Tetanus	5. Mosquito bite

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Ringworm	2. Direct contact
(b) Jaundice	4. Contaminated food and water
(c) Tuberculosis	1. Contaminated Air
(d) Dengue	5. Mosquito bite
(e) Tetanus	3. Open wound contaminated with soil

Name the following:

Question 1.
Insect that causes Malaria.
Answer:
Female Anopheles Mosquito

Question 2.
Insect that causes Dengue.
Answer:
Aedes mosquito

Question 3.
Vaccine for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus (Given as injection).
Answer:
Triple vaccine

Question 4.
Microorganisms that are useful to us.
Answer:
Microorganisms converting milk into yoghurt or microorganisms fermenting batter for idlis.

Question 5.
Germicide used to kill microorganisms in the spittle of a person having tuberculosis.
Answer:
Phenyl or dettol.

Question 5.
State whether the following statements are True or False:

1. Vaccination helps our body to develop resistance against diseases.
2. Community programmes are being undertaken every year at the National level to eradicate (put an end) polio, by giving oral vaccine of polio to children below five years.
3. On television people are educated about right methods of handling, drinking water so to make them aware of how diseases can be prevented.
4. Insects like lice and fleas spread diseases.
5. Cancer is an infectious disease.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False

Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Name the disease that has been completely eradicated (that is it has completely disappeared) by vaccination.
Answer:
The disease called small pox has been completely eradicated by vaccination.
(Note : Now no one in the world is gets the scare or is suffering from small pox.)

Question 2.
Which disease spreads through flea’s bite?
Answer:
Fleas spread diseases like plague when they bite.
(Note : Fleas are found on the bodies of pets like dogs, cat and also on rhodents like rats.)

Question 3.
Why should we cover our nose and mouth when we cough or sneeze?
Answer:
Disease of the throat and chest spread through the air. When other breathe the same air, germs enter their bodies. That is why we must cover our nose and mouth when we cough or sneeze.

Question 4.
What is ‘food poisoning’?
Answer:
Gastro or diarrhoea spreads through contaminated3 food. When we eat this food the disease spread is called food poisoning.

Question 5.
Why should food always be kept covered?
Answer:
When some flies sit on our food, the germs enter the food. Later when we eat this food the germs enter our body, so we must always cover the food.

Question 6.
What is an epidemic?
Answer:
When many people in one area get the same infectious disease all at the same time, we say that there is an epidemic of the disease.

Question 7.
What precaution can be taken to prevent the spread of tuberculosis?
Answer:
The spittle of a person who has tuberculosis is collected in a vessel and covered with a germicide like phenyl. Such precautions can help to prevent the disease from spreading.

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
Doctors give tetanus vaccine after getting a cut or wound while handling a sharp instrument or after falling down and getting bruised badly while playing.
Answer:
Tetanus germs are present in the soil, dung and dust. The sharp instrument may be dirty, so it may carry the tetanus germs. These germs may then spread though the wound and cause disease. To prevent tetanus germs from spreading doctors give the vaccine which help us develop resistance against this disease.

Question 2.
A person suffering from a disease should cover the mouth when sneezing or coughing.
Answer:
Disease causing organisms are present in the spit or saliva of the person. When they sneeze or cough these gems spread in the air and cause disease in other people. To prevent the spread of disease through the air a person suffering from a disease should cover the mouth while sneezing or coughing.

Question 3.
Before eating or handling food one should wash the hands using soap and water.
Answer:
Soap kills the germs which cause diseases and water washes them away. If our hand is dirty then they may contain disease causing germs. If we handle food, or eat food without washing, the germs will enter the food and contaminate it with these germs. This can cause intestinal diseases or food poisoning. Hence it is advised that one should wash the hands using soap and water before eating or handling food.

Question 4.
People who are suffering from tuberculosis or swine flu are quarantined and kept in hospitals.
Answer:
The diseases like tuberculosis and swine flu are infectious. They spread through air easily. Also the germs spread cause disease in a healthy person if the healthy person comes in contact directly with the diseased person. In hospitals there are separate wards for such diseased people, where extra care and precautions are taken to prevent spread of diseases. Therefore patients suffering from these diseases are quarantined and kept in hospital.

Can you tell:

Question 1.
When your friends fall while playing and get hurt, does anyone tell you ‘Don’t go near them. You will also yet hurt’?
Answer:
No, no one tells us like that because we will not get hurt because the friend is hurt.

Question 2.
Suppose your mother has a headache. Do you also get a headache if you go near her?
Answer:
No, I do not get a headache if I go near her.

Question 3.
When is it that you are told not to go near a sick person, not to use their utensils for eating or drinking; not to use their hankies, towels or clothes?
Answer:
We are told not to go near a sisk person when the person is suffering from cold, flu, is having high fever, or if the person is suffering from chicken pox, measles, mumps etc.

Question 4.

What different activities are going on in the above picture.
Answer:
Women are washing clothes in the river. A boy is urinating in the water. A man is washing utensil and filling it with water. Buffaloes are being washed in the water. Children are swimming and a lady is filling pots with water to use for drinking purpose.

Question 5.

What do you see in the picture below above?
Answer:
Food is kept open. People are being served this uncovered food and they are eating it. The man serving the food is wearing dirty colthes. There is no cleanliness maintained in the restaurant.

Question 6.
What steps will you take to ensure that dust and flies do not settle on the food in your house?
Answer:
The food will be covered properly to see that no dust and flies settle on it. It will be kept in clean and closed utensils in the kitchen. Care will be taken to see that the kitchen is kept clean. So that no flies will sit there.

Question 7.
Why should you not go to school if you have conjunctivitis?
Answer:
Conjunctivitis causing germs spreads through air. If we go to school many other children will also get this disease. To prevent the spread of this disease, we should not go to school when suffering from conjunctivitis.

Glossary:

1. conjunctivitis – sore eyes, which causes irritation.
2. forbidden -not allowed.
3. contaminated – to make impure by adding some substance.
4. stagnates – gets collected.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 20 Our Emotional World Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 20 Our Emotional World

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 20 Our Emotional World Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question (a)
Just as man is able to think, he is also …………….. .
(a) emotional
(b) sensational
(c) fascinating
Answer:
(a) emotional

Question (b)
We must always think about the …………………. in our friends first.
(a) vices
(b) virtues
(c) abnormalities
Answer:
(b) virtues

2. Answer in one sentence.

Question (a)
How does a balanced personality develop?
Answer:
A balanced personality develops, when we learn to cope with our emotions.

Question (b)
Why does our attitude of co-operation and understanding decrease?
Answer:
Our attitude of co-operation and understanding decreases when we become short tempered and stubborn.

Question (c)
What must we do after we have found the flaws in our nature?
Answer:
After we have found the flaws in our nature, we must try to correct them ourselves.

3. Answer in short.

Question (a)
What is meant by ‘coping with emotions’?
Answer:

1. If someone does something wrong, we get angry.
2. We must not lose our temper.
3. We must be able to keep a balance between our thoughts and emotions.
4. If we think properly, we can control or cope with our emotions.

Question (b)
What are the harmful effects of anger?
Answer:
The harmful effects of anger are:

1. It affects our body and mind.
2. We become short tempered and stubborn.
3. Our attitude of co-operation and understanding decreases.
4. We hurt others.
5. We face consequence such as headaches, loss of sleep and dullness.

Question (c)
Why must we know our flaws?
Answer:
We must know our flaws so that
(a) We can improve upon them.
(b) Just because we are unable to do something, it does not mean that we stop trying to excel at what we can do.

Write how you will react:

Question (a)
Your teacher does not listen to you.
Answer:
I will be patient and wait for an opportunity to speak to my teacher.

Question (b)
Your parents ask for your opinion while making decisions.
Answer:
I will think on the matter and try to give my opinion.

Question (c)
Your friend got a big prize.
Answer:
I will be happy and congratulate him for his success.

Question (d)
Your classmates praise you.
Answer:
I will thank my friends.

Question (e)
Rohan insulted you in class.
Answer:
I will feel sad. But wait for the correct opportunity to speak to him about his behaviour.

What will you do in this situation?

Question (a)
Rohini won a prize in an essay competition.
Answer:
I will be happy and congratulate her for her good work.

Question (b)
Kavita refuses to eat her tiffin because she was angry.
Answer:
I will speak to her and tell her to control her anger and eat her tiffin.

Question (c)
Veena keeps herself to herself at school.
Answer:
I will try befriend her and make her involve in school activities.

Question (d)
Makarand says, “I can’t help it if I have a stubborn personality.”
Answer:
I will make Makarand understand that being stubborn leads to misunderstanding and hurting others.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 20 Our Emotional World Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
……………… adjustments involves coping with your emotions, controlling and impressing them in a reasonable manner.
(a) Psychological
(b) Physical
(c) Emotional
Answer:
(c) Emotional

Question 2.
………………… is an emotion just like happiness
or sadness.
(a) Happiness
(b) Anger
(c) Sadness
Answer:
(b) Anger

Question 3.
If we speak about our flaws as openly as we speak about our talents, it will be to our ……………… .
(a) disadvantage
(b) advantage
(c) control
Answer:
(b) advantage

Question 4.
Human nature has many ………………….. aspects.
(a) similar
(b) different
(c) equal
Answer:
(b) different

Question 5.
Anger, joy, sorrow, jealousy, disappointment, fear etc. are all …………….. .
(a) emotions
(b) motions
(c) demotions
Answer:
(a) emotions

Question 6.
We should be able to strike a ……………….. between our thoughts and emotions.
(a) difference
(b) match
(c) balance
Answer:
(c) balance

Question 7.
If someone does something wrong, we get …………………. .
(a) angry
(b) happy
(c) sad
Answer:
(a) angry

Question 8.
It is natural to desire something but we must not be ………………… for it.
(a) hungry
(b) greedy
(c) emotional
Answer:
(b) greedy

Question 9.
If we think properly we can control our ………………….. .
(a) emotions
(b) hunger
(c) thirst
Answer:
(a) emotions

Question 10.
We get angry if we see someone being
(a) angry
(b) cursing
(c) ill-treating
Answer:
(c) ill-treating

Question 11.
We may be good at some subject, art or sport and just as ……………….. at another.
(a) good
(b) bad
(c) ugly
Answer:
(b) bad

Question 12.
Just because we are unable to do something it does not mean that we stop trying to ……………… at what we can do.
(a) learn
(b) excel
(c) diminish
Answer:
(b) excel

Question 13.
We must help each other to get rid of our ……………… .
(a) flaws
(b) friendship
(c) goodness
Answer:
(a) flaws

Question 14.
Once we know the flaws in our nature, we must try to …………………. them ourselves.
(a) try
(b) improve
(c) correct
Answer:
(c) correct

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the adverse effect of anger?
Answer:
If anger cannot be controlled it will have adverse effect on our body and mind.

Question 2.
Name some human emotions.
Answer:
Anger, joy, sorrow, jealousy, disappointment, fear are some of human emotions.

Question 3.
What is emotional adjustment?
Answer:
Emotional adjustment is coping with our emotions, being able to control them and expressing them in a reasonable manner.

Question 4.
When do we become free from faults such as blaming other unneccessarily?
Answer:
When we learn to cope with our emotions, our personality becomes balanced, we are able to understand others and overcome difficult situations. It is then that we become free from faults such as blaming others unnecessarily.

Question 5.
Why is it necessary to know our flaws and talents?
Answer:
We must know our flaws and talents so that we can improve upon them.

Question 6.
How must we always think about our friends?
Answer:
We must always think about the good qualities or virtues in our friends.

Question 7.
Why must we know our flaws?
Answer:
Once we know the flaws in our nature, we can then try to correct them ourselves.

Question 8.
Why should the aspects of our nature that bothers us and others be changed?
Answer:
We must try hard to change this aspect as it may take the shape of flaws in our personality.

Can you tell?

Question (A)
Are the following persons coping well with their emotions? Put (✓) if they are, put (✗) if they aren’t.
Answer:
1. Ramesh told Suresh that Amit had said something bad about him. Suresh decided to react only after confirming the facts. (✓)
2. Chhaya and Meena usually make equal progress in their studies. The teacher praised Chhaya’s essay. This made Meena angry and she decided not to speak to Chhaya. (✗)
3. Dinesh took Manoj’s pen and pencil from his bag and hid them. Later, he said, ‘Sorry’ to Manoj and promised not to do it again. (✓)
4. Sunita wanted to go to the market with her mother, but for some reason, her mother had to leave early. Sunita was angry with her mother. But later, she asked her mother the reason why she had to leave early. Her anger subsided when she learnt the reason. (✗)

(B)

Question 1.
Manoj says, “I’m going to school!” and instead goes to the playground to play. Is this correct?
Answer:
No, what Manoj has done is incorrect.

Question 2.
What will you tell a friend who has a habit of borrowing things and not returning them on time?
Answer:
I will tell my friend that borrowing things from friends is not a good habit and even if any thing is borrowed it must be returned otherwise it is just like robbing.

What would you do?

Question 1.
Ranjit and Abhay are fighting over who gets to sit on the first bench. They are both very angry. They are close to throwing each other’s bags.
Answer:
I will try to make them understand that they can take turns to sit on the first bench instead
of fighting.

Question 2.
Hemant wants to take part in the kabbadi competition, but he is shy. He is nervous about telling it to the teacher.
Answer:
I would take Hemant to our sports teacher and tell him about Hemant’s desire to join the Kabaddi team.

Question 3.
Rekha accidently took Nisha’s notebook home.
Answer:
Rekha can call Nisha and inform her that the book is with her and promise to bring it the next day to school.

Glossary:

1. short-tempered – to get angry quickly
2. flaws – weakness.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 19 Constituents of Food Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 19 Constituents of Food

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 19 Constituents of Food Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question 1.
The body requires adequate quantity of protein.
Answer:
To meet the requirement of protein necessary for our body, we should consume protein rich food. We should include foods like, eggs, meat, fish, pulses, beans and dairy products like cheese, milk, yoghurt etc. in our diet. Vegetarian people should include at least one cup (katon) of dal daily in their diet as that is the only source of protein in their diet.

2. Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Why are children told to drink milk everyday?
Answer:
Children are growing tall and hence their bones are also growing. Calcium is needed for strong bones. Hence children need to get large amounts of calcium, for proper growth of bones. Milk is a source of calcium which can supply the required amount of calcium necessary for growth of bones. Therefore children are told to drink milk everyday.

3. Give two sources of each of the following constituents:

Question 1.
Give two sources of each of the following constituents:
Answer:

Constituents	Examples of Sources of food
(a) Minerals	(1) Milk (2) Green leafy vegetables
(b) Proteins	(1) Egg (2) Pulses
(c) Starch	(1) Potato (2) Jowar

4. Fill in the blanks:

Question (a)
………………….. in our food give us the ability to resist diseases.
(a) proteins
(b) vitamins
(c) fats
Answer:
(b) vitamins

Question (b)
Calcium makes our bones …………………… .
(a) strong
(b) weak
(c) smooth
Answer:
(a) strong

Question (c)
Food stuff that taste sweet contain various kinds of ……………….. .
(a) sugars
(b) jaggery
(c) honey
Answer:
(a) sugars

Question (d)
A diet that provides all the constituents of food in the right proportions is called a …………….. diet.
(a) irregular
(b) regular
(c) balanced
Answer:
(c) balanced

5. Answer the following questions.

Question (a)
Of what use are the sugars that we get from the digestion of starch?
Answer:
The sugars obtained from digestion of starch bum slowly in our body and release energy which is necessary for doing various works.

Question (b)
Name the sources of fibre in our diet.
Answer:
Sources of fibres in our diet are cereals, like wheat, jowar, bajra etc. from which we make chapati or bhakari and all the fruits and vegetables that we eat.

Question (c)
What are carbohydrates?
Answer:
Constituents of food like starch, fibres and sugars that provide energy to our body are called carbohydrates.

Question (d)
What is meant by malnutrition?
Answer:
Our diet should supply various constituents like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, viatmins and minerals in the right proportion for proper nourishment and growth. If the diet taken lacks in some constituents over a long period of time, the person does not get proper nourishment. This leads to a condition called malnutrition . Malnutrition has serious consequence on health. Lack of sufficient quantities of proteins and carbohydrates lead to stunted growth.

6. Match the following:

Question 1.
Match the following:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Fats	(a) Jowar
2. Proteins	(b) Oil
3. Vitamins	(c) Bran of cereals
4. Minerals	(d) Pulses
5. Starchy foods	(e) Iron

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Fats	(b) Oil
2. Proteins	(d) Pulses
3. Vitamins	(c) Bran of cereals
4. Minerals	(e) Iron
5. Starchy foods	(a) Jowar

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 19 Constituents of Food Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
Starch turns blackish blue when it comes in contact with ………………… solution.
(a) sodium
(b) calcium
(c) iodine
Answer:
(c) iodine

Question 2.
Cereals like jowar, bajra, wheat, rice contain a lot of ………………. .
(a) starch
(b) protein
(c) vitamin
Answer:
(a) starch

Question 3.
When the starchy foods we eat are digested …………………. are formed.
(a) chocolate
(b) sugars
(c) fuel
Answer:
(b) sugars

Question 4.
Sugars formed by the digestion of starch act as ………………… of our body.
(a) strength
(b) fuel
(c) muscles
Answer:
(b) fuel

Question 5.
Fibre is also called …………………. .
(a) muscles
(b) fruits
(c) roughage
Answer:
(c) roughage

Question 6.
If our diet does not contain enough fibre, it can lead to ……………….. .
(a) constipation
(b) vomiting
(c) fever
Answer:
(a) constipation

Question 7.
……………… deposited under the skin prevents loss of heat from the body.
(a) Fats
(b) Oil
(c) Muscles
Answer:
(a) Fats

Question 8.
…………………. are known as the building blocks of our body.
(a) Vitamins
(b) Proteins
(c) Carbohydrates
Answer:
(b) Proteins

Question 9.
Night blindness is caused due to lack of …………………… .
(a) vitamin D
(b) vitamin A
(c) vitamin B
Answer:
(b) vitamin A

Question 10.
Deficiency of ……………….. leads to anaemia.
(a) calcium
(b) protein
(c) iron
Answer:
(c) iron

Question 11.
When a person does not get enough proteins and carbohydrates through their diet their growth is ………….. .
(a) increased
(b) decreased
(c) stunted
Answer:
(c) stunted

Question 12.
Sago and sweet potato contain …………………… .
(a) starch
(b) protein
(c) carbohydrates
Answer:
(a) starch

Question 13.
Cereals like jowar, bajra, wheat, rice contain a lot of ………………… .
(a) protein
(b) starch
(c) fuel
Answer:
(b) starch

Question 14.
We get …………………. from starchy foods.
(a) fuel
(b) energy
(c) sugar
Answer:
(b) energy

Question 15.
Our body uses energy for different kinds of …………………. .
(a) food
(b) fuel
(c) work
Answer:
(c) work

Question 16.
Wheat is ground into a ………………… .
(a) fuel
(b) paste
(c) flour
Answer:
(c) flour

Question 17.
Bran is a …………………. substance.
(a) fibrous
(b) starchy
(c) sticky
Answer:
(a) fibrous

Question 18.
In the process of digestion, fibre has a function.
(a) festive
(b) special
(c) delicious
Answer:
(b) special

Question 19.
……………………. helps to form stool from undigested food.
(a) Protein
(b) Sugar
(c) Fibre
Answer:
(c) Fibre

Question 20.
Oil is a ………………. substance.
(a) fatty
(b) sugary
(c) fibrous
Answer:
(a) fatty

Question 21.
Paper becomes ………………… when a fatty substance is applied to it.
(a) pulpy
(b) translucent
(c) sticky
Answer:
(b) translucent

Question 22.
Fats in our food provide ……………… to our body.
(a) energy
(b) starch
(c) sugar
Answer:
(a) energy

Question 23.
Fats give …………………. as much energy as carbohydrates.
(a) once
(b) twice
(c) thrice
Answer:
(b) twice

Question 24.
The fats we eat get …………………. in our body.
(a) used
(b) digested
(c) stored
Answer:
(c) stored

Question 25.
The ………………….. undergoes wear and tear continuously.
(a) body
(b) mind
(c) soul
Answer:
(a) body

Question 26.
Malnutrition has serious …………………. for the person’s health.
(a) essentials
(b) viruses
(c) consequences
Answer:
(c) consequences

2.

Question (A)
Match the following:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Iron deficiency	(a) Weak and brittle bones
2. Calcium deficiency	(b) Malnutrition
3. Vitamin A deficiency	(c) Weak bones and teeth
4. Vitamin D deficiency	(d) Anaemia
5. Proteins and Carbohydrate deficiency	(e) Night blindness

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Iron deficiency	(d) Anaemia
2. Calcium deficiency	(c) Weak bones and teeth
3. Vitamin A deficiency	(e) Night blindness
4. Vitamin D deficiency	(a) Weak and brittle bones
5. Proteins and Carbohydrate deficiency	(b) Malnutrition

Question (B)
Match the following:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Constituent of food giving energy	(a) Iron
2. Costituent of food needed for repair	(b) Vitamins
3. Constituent of food proetcting internal organs	(c) Proteins
4. Constituents of food helping in resisting diseases	(d) Carbohydrates
5. Constituent of food necessary to supply enough oxygen	(e) Fats

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Constituent of food giving energy	(d) Carbohydrates
2. Costituent of food needed for repair	(c) Proteins
3. Constituent of food proetcting internal organs	(e) Fats
4. Constituents of food helping in resisting diseases	(b) Vitamins
5. Constituent of food necessary to supply enough oxygen	(a) Iron

Question 1.
Give two sources of each of the following constituents:
Answer:

Constituents	Examples of Sources of food
(a) Vitamin A	(1) Carrots (2) Papaya
(b) Calcium	(1) Milk, cheese (Dairy products) (2) brocoli (3) Leafy vegetables
(c) Fats	(1) Oils (2) Butter (3) Peanut
(d) Iron	(1) Meat (2) Spinach (palak)
(e) Vitamin C	(1) Lemon (2) Tomatoes (3) Sprouted pulses
(f) Sugars	(1) Fruits (2) Sugarcane
(g) Vitamin D	(1) Fish oil like (Cod liver oil) (2) egg yolk
(h) Vitamin B	(1) Nuts (2) Green leafy vegetables like spinach, broccoli etc. (3) cereals (wheat, millet)

Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
How will you detect the presence of starch in food?
Answer:
The presence of starch in food is detected by adding iodine solution. If the food turns bluish black then starch is present.

Question 2.
What is a balanced diet?
Answer:
A diet which provides all the constituents like, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals in right quantities is called a balanced diet.

Question 3.
Which food constituents are necessary for normal functioning of various processes in our body and help in maintaining resistance to diseases.
Answer:
Vitamins and minerals are the food constituents which are necessary for normal functioning of various processes in our body and help in maintaining resistance to diseases.

Question 4.
Why are proteins called building blocks of our body?
Answer:
Proteins help in healing and repairing of our body which undergoes wear and tear continuously and it also helps in building muscles. Therefore they are called building blocks of our body.

Question 5.
Which mineral in necessary for carrying oxygen to different parts of our body?
Answer:
Iron is necessary for carrying oxygen to different parts of our body.

Question 6.
Which minerals and vitamin help to make our bones strong?
Answer:
Vitamin D and the mineral calcium makes our bones strong.

Question 7.
What do we obtain from cereals?
Answer:
We obtain flour from cereals like jowar, bajra, wheat and rice.

Question 8.
What is the sugar obtined from jaggery and table sugar called?
Answer:
Sugar obtained from jaggery and table sugar is called sucrose.

Question 9.
How does fibrous substance help in our digestion?
Answer:
Fibrous substances help the food to move forward in the alimentary canal at the right speed.

Question 10.
How is carbohydrates useful to the body?
Answer:
The most important use of carbohydrates is to provide the body with energy.

Question 11.
What happens if our food does not contain enough fibre?
Answer:
If our food does not contain enough fibre it can lead to constipation.

Question 12.
What does paper becoming translucent signify?
Answer:
Paper becoming translucent is a sign of the presence of fats in the food stuff kept on it.

Question 13.
Which food item contain fats?
Answer:
Cream, butter, ghee, oil, nuts, meat, egg, yolk contain fats.

Question 14.
Why does our body store the fats we eat?
Answer:
Our body store the fats we eat because if sometimes food is not available then it can get energy from the stored fats.

Question 15.
Where does the body store fats?
Answer:
The body stores fats in a layer under the skin.

Question 16.
How does fats under the skin help us?
Answer:
The fats under the skin gives shape to the body and like a blanket prevents loss of heat from the body.

Question 17.
How are our internal organs protected?
Answer:
The layer of fat in the body protects our internal organs, that is why, an injury from outside does not at once cause damage to our bones or other internal organs.

Question 18.
Why is protein required in our body?
Answer:
The healing and repair of the tissues in our body goes on all the time without us being aware of it. Proteins are necessary for this process.

Question 19.
Which food stuff contains protein?
Answer:
All the different daals, pulses, groundnuts, milk and milk products like yoghurt, khoya, paneer, eggs, meat and fish are rich sources of proteins.

Question 20.
What are macronutrients?
Answer:
Our body requires carbohydrates, fats and proteins in large proportions. These food constituents are called macronutrients.

Question 21.
What are micronutrients?
Answer:
We need certain food constituents in very small quantities. These are called micronutrients, e.g. vitamins and minerals.

Question 22.
Which vitamins are most important vitamins?
Answer:
Vitamin A, B, C, D, E and K are the most important vitamins.

Question 23.
Why do we need vitamins in our body?
Answer:
We need very small quantities of vitamins in . our body as lack of or deficiency of any vitamin
results in serious disorders.

Question 24.
What does deficiency of vitamin ‘A’ lead to?
Answer:
Deficiency of vitamin A leads to night blindness.

Question 25.
What does deficiency of vitamin D lead to?
Answer:
Deficiency of vitamin D results in weak and brittle2 bones.

Question 26.
Which minerals are essential for the body?
Answer:
Minerals like iron, calcium, sodium, potassium are essential for the body.

Question 27.
What is ‘anaemia’?
Answer:
If there is a deficiency of iron in the blood, the body does not get enough supply of oxygen and one feels constantly weak and tired. This condition is called ‘anaemia’.

Question 28.
What are the sources of vitamins and minerals?
Answer:
All kinds of fruits, vegetables, green leafy vegetables, sprouted, pulses, their skin and the bran of cereals and pulses are all sources of vitamins and minerals.

Question 29.
What is the requirement for our good health?
Answer:
For good health, our body should get all the different constituents of food, namely, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals in the right quantities.

Question 30.
What happens when a person does not get enough carbohydrates and proteins?
Answer:
If a person does not get enough carbohydrates and proteins, their growth gets stunted, he feels constantly tired and cannot cope with his studies, games or other tasks.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
We should eat fruits with their skins as far as possible.
Answer:

1. The skin of fruits contains, fibres, viatmins and minerals.
2. Vitamins and minerals help our body to resistance.
3. Vitamins and minerals also help in smooth working of all the process taking place in our body.
4. The roughage present in skin allow the smooth movement of food in the alimentary canal and hence prevents constipation.

Therefore we should eat fruits with their skins as far as possible.

Question 2.
Growing children and body builders need to have more proteins in their diet.
Answer:
Proteins are the building blocks of our body. They are needed for healing and repairing the wear and tear taking place in our body. They are also needed for building muscles. Since building up processes take place more in growing children and body builders, their diet should contain more proteins.

Question 3.
If a person is suffering from anaemia, he constantly feels weak and tired.
Answer:
A person suffers from anaemia when he has iron deficiency. Iron is present in the blood cells. Iron helps transporting oxygen to various parts of our body. The oxygen is used to bum the sugars slowly and release energy. This energy releases is used for doing various work.

When there is deficiency of iron, sufficient oxygen is not transported and supplied to various parts of the body. Due to less supply oxygen less energy is released from sugars. Due to lack of energy the person suffering from anaemia constantly feels weak and tired.

Question 4.
It is necessary to include some amount of fats in our food.
Answer:
Fats are stored in our body and when food is not available the body uses this fat to release energy. The fats stored give shape to our body and also prevent loss of heat from our body. This helps in keeping the body warm. The fats also protect our internal organs from damage. Therefore it is necessary to include some amount of fat in our food.

Question 5.
We doesnot wash vegetables after cutting them.
Answer:
Vegetables conatin vitamins and minerals which get washed away if vegetables are washed after cutting them. Hence we do not wash vegetables after cutting them.

Question 6.
State whether the following statements are right or wrong:

1. By eating vada pav daily we can fulfill the nutritional requirement of our body.
2. Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet.
3. Our diet will be balanced diet if it contains, variety of food, like dal, rice, roti, vegetable, cereals and salads.
4. Daily eating meat alone would provide all the nutrients to the body.
5. Eating vegetables and fruits makes a person disease resistant.

Answer:

1. Wrong
2. Right
3. Right
4. Wrong
5. Right

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Read the items of food listed below:
Classify them into carbohydrates rich, protein rich and fat rich food and write it in the tabular form.
Chick pea (chana) dal, fish, mustard oil, sweet potato, rice, peas, maize, white bread, sweet corn, paneer, egg, palm oil, ghee, butter.
Answer:

Carbohydrate rich	Protein rich	Fat rich
Rice	Chickpea dal (chana dal)	Mustard oil
Sweet potato	Fish	Palm oil
Maize	Peas	Ghee
White bread	Paneer	Butter
Sweet corn	Egg

Question 4.
Why do we use a padding of cloth under a mortar, when we place it on the floor and pound something on it?
Answer:
The cloth serves as shock absorberIt prevents the floor from getting damaged from the vibrations of the mortar and pestle by absorbing these vibrations. Thus we use the cloth to protect the floor and prevent from cracking due to the providng of the mortar and pestle.

Question 5.
How can you test presence of starch in food?
Answer:
We should take the food item and mash it and put it in a test tube and add some drops of iodine solution. If the colour changes to blackish blue, starch is present. If it remains pale yellow . starch is absent.

Question 6.
What are vitamins?
Answer:
Vitamins are components of foods which help us to fight diseases and they build up our resistance. They are required in small quantities. There are different kinds of vitamins like vitamin A, B, C, D, K and E. The main sources of vitamins are green leafy vegetables and fruits.

Question 7.
Why are carbohydrates called energy giving food?
Answer:
When carbohydrates are digested they are converted to sugars. The sugars combine with oxygen and bum slowly in our body releasing energy. This energy is utilised for doing various work. Hence carbohydrates are called energy giving food.

Question 8.
State the functions of fats in our body.
Answer:
Fats provide energy like carbohydrates. They are stored in our body and are utilised to provide energy when carbohydrates are not available. They give shape to our body and prevent heat loss. Hence they keep our body warm. They also proetct our internal organs from damage as they act like shock absorber.

What’s the solution?

Question 1.
Sameer is having difficulty in seeing things in dim light. Specially he has difficulty in seeing at night. Doctor suggested he is suffering from Night blindness.
Answer:
Sameer is suffering from Vitamin A deficiency. So he should include foods rich in vitamin A. He should include foods like carrots, pumpkins, green leafy vegetables, raddish, mango, papaya in his diet. He can also take vitamin A drops which are given by the doctors in Municipal hospital.

Can you tell?

Question 1.
What substances do we use to give our food a sweet taste?
Answer:
We use sugar and jaggery to give our food a sweet taste. Sometimes dates, also are used to give sweet taste.

Question 2.
What are the preparations that are served as mid day meal?
Answer:
Mostly Khichdi made by cooking mixture of rice, pulses like moongdal, groundnuts, vegetables etc. is served as mid day meal. This is a whole some food as it serves all the nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, fats and vitamins. Sometimes snacks like upma and poha are also served as mid day meal.

Question 3.
Why are boxes of fragile articles like TV, refrigerator, light, bulbs, glasses, mirrors packed with corrugated cardboard, thermocol or bubble wrap?
Answer:
The corrugated cardboard, thermocol or bubble wrap absorb the shocks, when there is a jerky movement and protect the fragile articles from getting damaged. Therefore they are used for packing these fragile articles.

Question 4.
Suppose a wall is to be built. The cement, sand, water is all there but the mason says the most important material is missing. What can that be?
Answer:
The bricks which are building blocks are missing. Without these the walls cannot be built.

Use your brain power:

Question 1.
Threads get stick between the teeth when we eat certain types of magoes. Which kind of carbohydrates are they?
Answer:
The threads found in mangoes are made up of fibres and they are a type of carbohydrate.

Question 2.
Do we get all the different constituents of food from a meal that consists of a green veg thalipeeth eaten with yoghurt?
Answer:
Thalipeeth is made from a flour made by grinding a mixture of cereals and pulses. Cereals and pulses will provide us with carbohydrate and proteins. Green vegetable added to it will provide us with vitamins and some minerals. Yoghurt will also provide us with minerals and proteins. Therefore we will get all the constituents needed if we eat this green veg thalipeeth with yoghurt.

Question 3.
Which food constituents do we get from the ingredients used to make bhel?
Answer:
From the murmura or puffed rice used we get carbohydrates. The sev and farsan used provide, proteins and fats. The vegetables like onion, tomato, coriander etc. provide us with vitamins and minerals. The (sweet and hot) chutneys used also provide us with sugars, vitamins and minerals.

Question 4.
Why do we feel hungrier in winter than we do in summer?
Answer:
The sugars obtained by digestion of carbohydrates are slowly burnt to release energy. Some of the energy released is utilised by the body to generate heat and keep the body warm. During winter when the temperature outside is cold. Therefore the body needs to bum more sugar to generate more heat to keep the body warm. Whereas in summer less heat is required so less sugar is burnt to produce heat.

Since more sugar is required in winter to keep the body warm than in summer, we feel hungrier in winter than we do in summer.

Glossary:

1. resisting – trying to prevent.
2. brittle – hard but can break easily
3. stunted – reduced, spoiled.
4. anaemia – weakness.
5. malnutrition – lack of proper nutrition
6. absorber – reduce the effect of
7. pestle – a device used since ancient times to prepare ingredients or substances by crushing and grinding them into a fine paste or powder.
8. corrugated – a series of parallel ridges and furrows
9. fragile – not strong.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 10 Historic Period Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Historic Period

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 10 Historic Period Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following question in one sentence.

Question a.
Where did the people in the New Stone Age establish their village settlements?
Answer:
The people in the New Stone Age established their village-settlements on the banks of rivers.

Question b.
What articles were the Harappan craftsmen skilled at making?
Answer:
The Harappan craftsmen were highly skilled in making bronze objects and beads from semi-precious stones of different colours.

2. Answer the following question in brief.

Question a.
What are some of the well-known characteristics of Harappan cities?
Answer:
The well-known characteristics of Harappan cities are :

1. Systematic town planning.
2. The houses were built in blocks created by parallel roads that crossed each other at right angles.
3. Huge granaries and spacious houses.
4. Concern for public hygiene indicated by bathrooms and latrines in every house and a covered drainage system.
5. Carefully constructed private and public wells.
6. City divided into two to four parts, each having a separate fortification.

Question b.
What made the soil on the banks of the Nile fertile?
Answer:

1. The river Nile gets flooded every year.
2. The land along her banks has become very fertile due to flood deposits.
3. Small embankments were built on the river to store the floodwater.
4. After the soil in the flood water settled to the bottom, the water was used for irrigation.

3. Complete the following chart.

Question 1.
Complete the following chart.

Activities :

Question a.
Show the sites of Harappan Culture in an outline map of india.

Question b.
Visit various artistes in your locality who play musical instruments. Collect information a bout their instruments.

Question c.
Visit some senior citizens in your locality and collect information about the traditional sports and games of their times.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 10 Historic Period Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.

1. ………………….. records are available in the form of inscriptions, manuscripts, books, etc.
2. We humans change the natural character of our …………….. to some extent.
3. Humans do not eat their ……………….. in its natural form as other animals do.
4. Humans make pots, bricks and many other things from ……………
5. Cultures which flourished in the New Stone Age were based on an ………………… way of life.
6. Fertile soil and constant water supply are essential to grow good ………
7. People in the New Stone Age established their village-settlements on the banks of various
8. New Stone Age cultures gave rise to early …………
9. The civilizations of the four regions are known as ……… Civilizations.
10. Mesopotamia is the name of a ………………….
11. Mesopotamia means the ………………… between two rivers.
12. Ancient Mesopotamia was the land between two rivers ………………….. and …………
13. Ancient ……………. has great cities like Ur, Uruk, Nippur etc.
14. The river ………………. flows through the eastern part of the Sahara Desert
15. One of the ancient civilizations that flourished along the banks of river Nile is known as ……………… civilization
16. The ancient civilization of China developed and flourished in the valley of the ……………… river.
17. According to the Chinese tradition, a king named ………………….. introduced agriculture, animal husbandry, carts, chariots, boats and clothing in China.
18. Luoyang, Beijing and Chang are among the important cities of ancient ………… .
19. The earliest civilization on the Indian subcontinent is known as ………… civilization.
20. ……………. in Punjab and ……..in Sind are the two sites of the ………………… civilization.
21. The Harappan worshipped……………. and a mother goddess.
22. ……………….. and ………………. were important means of entertainment in Harappan civilization.
23. Games played with the help of game boards and ………….. were also popular.
24. Music and ……………. were also very important in the early civilization.
25. Ancient people used many types of ……… instruments.
26. In Mesopotamia, a stringed instrument ………… known as ……………… was very popular.
27. Egyptian kings were known as ………..
28. A bronze image of a …………….. was found in excavation at Mohen-jo-daro.

Answer:

1. written
2. surroundings
3. food
4. clay
5. agricultural
6. crop
7. rivers
8. civilizations
9. Riverine
10. region
11. and
12. Tigris, Euphrates
13. Mesopotamia
14. Nile
15. Egyptian
16. Huang He
17. Huangdi
18. China
19. Harappan
20. Harappa, Mohen-jo-daro
21. Pashupati
22. hunting, wrestling
23. gamesmen
24. dance
25. musical
26. Balag
27. Pharaoh
28. dancer.

Answer each of the following questions in one sentence :

Question 1.
How are written records available?
Answer:
Written records are available in the form of inscriptions, manuscripts, books etc.

Question 2.
What brought an end to the New Stone Age?
Answer:
With the rise of ancient civilization, the New Stone Age came to an end and the Historic Period began.

Question 3.
What is a significant difference between humans and animals?
Answer:
Animals do not bring about change in their environment, whereas humans change the character of their surroundings, they process substances from nature to suit their needs. This is the significant difference between humans and animals.

Question 4.
Where did the people in the New Stone Age establish their village-settlements?
Answer:
The people in the New Stone Age established their village settlements on the banks of various rivers.

Question 5.
Why did the people in the New Stone Age establish their village-settlements on the banks of various rivers?
Answer:
Fertile soil and constant water supply are essential to grow good crops. Since the people in the New Stone Age followed the agricultural way of life, they established their village settlements on the banks of various rivers.

Question 6.
What gave rise to the early civilizations?
Answer:
Increased production because of industrial skills, the use of the wheel, flourishing of trade, use of well-developed scripts etc. gave rise to the early civilization.

Question 7.
In which four regions of the world did the ancient civilization come into existence?
Answer:
Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indian subcontinent and China are the four regions of the world where ancient civilization came into existence.

Question 8.
What are these four civilizations called? Why?
Answer:
The ancient civilizations in these four regions developed in river valleys and hence they are called ‘Riverine Civilizations!

Question 9.
What does Mesopotamia mean?
Answer:
Mesopotamia means ‘Land between two rivers’

Question 10.
Between which two rivers did Mesopotamia bloom?
Answer:
Mesopotamia bloomed between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates.

Question 11.
Which were the ancient cities in Mesopotamia?
Answer:
Cities like Ur, Uruk, Nippur blossomed in ancient Mesopotamia.

Question 12.
Where did the Egyptian Civilization flourish?
Answer:
The Egyptian Civilization flourished along the banks of river Nile in the north of Africa.

Question 13.
Where did the ancient civilization at China flourish?
Answer:
The ancient civilization of China flourished in the valley of the Huang He River.

Question 14.
What did the Chinese King introduce to the civilization?
Answer:
A Chinese king Huangdi introduced agriculture, animal husbandry, wheeled carts and chariots, boats and clothing in China.

Question 15.
What was the ancient Chinese belief?
Answer:
The ancient Chinese believed that their queen invented the technique of silk production and silk dyeing

Question 16.
Which were the important cities of ancient China?
Answer:
Luoyang, Beijing and Chang were the important cities of ancient China.

Question 17.
Which was the earliest civilization on the Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
The Harappan Civilization was the earliest civilization on the Indian subcontinent.

Question 18.
Where did the Harappan Civilization develop?
Answer:
The Harappan Civilization developed in the Indus Valley.

Question 19.
‘Indus’ is the English word for which name?
Answer:
‘Indus is the English word for the name ‘Sindhu’.

Question 20.
Which two sites of Harappan Civilization was unearthed first?
Answer:
Harappa in Punjab and Mohenjo-daro in Sind were the two sites of Harappan Civilization.

Question 21.
Which are the famous sites of the Harappan Civilization in India?
Answer:
Lothal and Dhola Vira in Gujarat and Kalibangan in Rajasthan are among the famous sites of the Harappan Civilization in India.

Question 22.
What articles were the Harappan craftsmen skilled at making?
Answer:
The Harappan craftsmen were highly skilled in making bronze objects and beads from precious stones of various colours.

Question 23.
Which things had great demand in Mesopotamia?
Answer:
The bronze objects and beads made of colourful precious stones made by the Harappan craftsman were in great demand in Mesopotamia.

Question 24.
Which were the main deities of the Harappan civilization?
Answer:
Pashuapati and a mother goddess were the main deities of the Harappan civilization.

Question 25.
Which were the important sports of the Harappans?
Answer:
Hunting and wrestling were the important sports of the Harappans.

Question 26.
Which were the popular indoor games of the Harappans?
Answer:
Games played with the help of game boards and gamesmen were popular indoor games of the Harappans.

Question 27.
Which indoor game similar to chess was played in ancient Egypt?
Answer:
Senat’ a game similar to chess was played in ancient Egypt

Question 28.
List some toys found in the excavations of Harappan sites.
Answer:
Whirls, whistles, rattles, bullock carts, animals and birds on wheels etc were some of the ‘toy’ found in the excavations of Harappan sites.

Question 29.
What was important in celebrating any festival in early civilizations?
Answer:
Music and dance were very essential in elebrating any festival in early civilizations.

Question 30.
What is ‘Balag’?
Answer:
In Mesopotamia, a stringed instrument known as ‘Balag’ was very popular.

Question 31.
Name some musical instruments in early civilization.
Answer:
Cymbals, rattles, flutes, drums etc. were some of the musical instrumentof the early civilization

Question 32.
What were the Egyptian kings known as?
Answer:
The Egyptian kings were known as ‘Pharaohs’?

Question 33.
What did the Pharaoh do on the occasion of certain festivals?
Answer:
On the occasion of certain festivals, the Pharaoh himself used to participate in the celebrations and dance.

Question 34.
What shows that dance was important in the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
The bronze image of a dancer found in the excavation’ at Mohen-jo-daro is evidence that dance was important in the Harappan Civilization.

Question 35.
On what did humans and all other animals depend for satisfying their needs?
Answer:
Humans and all other animals depend on their environment and nature for satisfying their needs.

Question 36.
What are the characteristics of the earthen pots of the Harappan?
Answer:
The characteristics of the earthen ports are that they are well-baked, red in colour with beautiful designs.

Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1.
What is ‘culture’?
Answer:

1. Every generation hands over the knowledgeof artistic skills and tradition to the next generation.
2. With this exchange of thoughts and ideas, language becomes richer and richer.
3. The knowledge of various arts, skills and tradition inherited from generation to generation and the way of life founded on that knowledge is ‘culture

Question 2.
What made the soil fertile on the banks of Nile?
Answer:
i. River Nile gets flooded every year. The land along her banks becomes very fertile because of the flood deposits.
ii. Ancient Egyptians used to build small embankments on the river to store the flood water. After the soil in the flood water settles at the bottom, the water is then used for irrigation

Question 3.
What are the characteristics of the earthen pots made by the Harappans?
Answer:
The characteristics of the earthen pots made by the Harappans are

1. Well baked pots, red in colour.
2. These pots had beautiful designs like pipal leaves and fish scales.
3. When tapped, these pots produced a metallic sound.

Question 4.
Explain how music and dance were very important in early civilizations.
Answer:

1. Music and dance were very important in the early civilizations.
2. They were an essential part of celebrating a festival.
3. Ancient people used many types of musical instruments like balag, cymbals, rattles, flutes, drums, etc.
4. A bronze image of a dancer was found in the excavation at Mohen-jo-daro is evidence that dance too, was important in the Harappan Civilization.

Question 5.
Which were the games and sports of the ancient civilizations?
Answer:

1. Hunting and wrestling were important sports in the ancient civilizations.
2. There were several games played on game boards like chess.
3. In ancient Egypt people played a game that was similar to chess known as Senat’.

Glossary :

1. rattles : an instrument making rattling sound
2. cymbals : brass instruments
3. worshipped : prayed to
4. bloomed : sprout out
5. dyeing : add a colour to or change a colour
6. excavation : a site that has ben escavated
7. fertile : capable of producing vegetation
8. spacious : having ample space
9. drainage : all the components that carry the sewage and other waste water to a point of disposal
10. hygiene : maintaining cleanlines
11. metallic : made of metal

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements Tools Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following question in one sentence.

Question a.
Which animals did the Homo sapiens mainly hunt?
Answer:
The Homo sapiens mainly hunted small animals like the wild bear, deer, mountain goat and sheep.

Question b.
What is the characteristic of the New Stone Age?
Answer:
The beginning of cultivation is a characteristic of the New Stone Age culture.

2. Give reasons for the following.

Question a.
The diet of Homo sapiens underwent a change.
Answer:
The climate underwent change and became warmer.
Big animals like mammals were on the way to extinction. Therefore, the diet of the Homo sapiens underwent a change.

Question b.
Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place over longer periods of time.
Answer:

1. It was no longer necessary to wander from place to place in search of food.
2. They moved their camps to different places according to seasonal changes in climate. Thus, the Homo sapiens stayed in one place over a longer period of time.

3. Observe the reconstructed picture of a Middle Stone Age seasonal camp and answer the following.

Question a.
Describe the structure of the houses in the picture.
Answer:
The roof is inclining and is of thatched grass.

Question b.
What materials are used to construct the houses?
Answer:
Grass and wood have been used to construct the houses.

Question c.
What kind of jobs could the people in the seasonal camps have been doing?
Answer:
The people at the seasonal camp were engaged in fishing, agriculture, hunting, and making small boats.

4. Write about the effects on your life, of the seasonal changes in weather.

Question 1.
Write about the effects on your life, of the seasonal changes in weather.
Answer:
The seasonal changes in weather result in changes in my clothing. I wear warm clothes during winter and light cotton clothes in summer.
The seasonal changes in climate make me sick sometimes and I am forced to take medicines.
I cannot go out and play games with my friends in the rainy season.

5. Compare the New Stone Age village with a modern village.

Question 1.
Compare the New Stone Age village with a modern village.
Answer:

New Stone Age village	Modern village
1. New Stone Age village was primitive as it was an early village-settlement.	1. Modern village is much developed as it underwent many changes over a period of time.
2. New Stone Age village was in remote areas and had no contact with the outside world.	2. Modern villages are well-connected with the outside world with the means of transport and communication.
3. Human beings lived in huts.	3. Human beings live in constructed houses.
4. Agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing were the main activities of the villagers.	4. Besides agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing, many other activities are undertaken by the villagers with the help of machines.

Activities :

a. Construct models of different types of houses.
b. Visit agricultural farms and collect information of the various agricultural tasks that farmers have to do.
c. Visit five different types of houses in your locality and collect information about the materials used in the construction of those houses.
d. With your teacher’s help, observe the continents shown on a world map or a globe and write short notes about them.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.

1. The Neanderthals could protect themselves from the freezing temperatures because they wore ……… clothing and made
2. They used animal hides to erect ………. inside the caves for warmth
3. They also built………………… in the open.
4. In the Middle Stone Age groups of Homo sapiens established …………… all over the world.
5. At that time, the climate was getting …………….
6. With the change in environment, the ……….. of the Homo sapiens also changed.
7. Big animals like mammoth were on the way to…………….. .
8. The ………………… were hunted on a large scale.
9. Homo sapiens had largely turned to …………………… with hunting.
10. Homo sapiens hunted. ……… animals like boar, deer, mountain goat and sheep.
11. The changed diet pattern enabled the groups of Homo sapiens to………………. to faraway regions.
12. They moved their camps to different places according to ……………………. changes.
13. The Homo sapiens harvested seasonal wild grains and gathered seasonal and ………
14. They would find out the best seasons for ……………
15. By observation, they discovered the best ……………. grounds.
16. They ……………… in one place for longer periods.
17. They cleared jungles by felling trees and set up their ……… camps in the clearings.
18. The ways of life of …………………….. in the New Stone Age was completely different from that of humans in the Old Stone Age.
19. In the New Stone Age, humans became …………… of foodgrains.
20. The beginning of ……………….. is a characteristic of the culture of the New Stone Age.
21. In the ……………. way of life, it is necessary to keep moving all the time.
22. Agriculture made it possible to ………………… food and use it over a long period.
23. ………….. made it necessary to stay in one place.
24. People established …………. settlements and lived in them generation after generation.
25. In the Middle Stone Age, the climate was getting ………….
26. The Neanderthals used animal…………… to erect tents inside the caves for warmth.

Answer:

1. leather, fire
2. tents
3. huts
4. camps
5. warmer
6. diet
7. extinction
8. mammoth
9. fishing
10. smaller
11. oam
12. seasonal
13. fruits, roots
14. fishing
15. hunting
16. stayed
17. seasonal
18. humans
19. producers
20. cultivation
21. hunting, gathering
22. store
23. agriculture
24. permanent
25. warmer
26. hides

Answer each of the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
Why did the Neanderthals live in caves?
Answer:
The Neanderthals lived in caves because at that time the climate in Europe was extremely cold.

Question 2.
How did the Neanderthals protect themselves from the extreme cold climate?
Answer:
To protect themselves from the freezing temperature, the Neanderthals made fire for warmth and wore leather clothing.

Question 3.
What did the Neanderthals do to their caves to protect themselves from the freezing temperature?
Answer:
To protect themselves from the freezing temperature, they used animal hides to erect tents inside the caves for warmth.

Question 4.
Where did they live when it was warm?
Answer:
They built huts in the open to live when it was warm.

Question 5.
Where did the Middle Stone Age man establish their camps?
Answer:
The Middle Stone Age man established their camps all over the world.

Question 6.
Why did they establish their camps all over the world?
Answer:
As the climate was getting warmer and the environment was changing their lifestyle and diet were also changing and this enabled them establish their camps all over the world.

Question 7.
How did a huge animal like the mammoth get extinct?
Answer:
A huge animal like the mammoth got extinct because mammoths were hunted on a large scale.

Question 8.
Which smaller animals did the Middle Stone Age man hunt?
Answer:
The Middle Stone Age man hunted smaller animals like boar, deer, mountain goat and sheep.

Question 9.
What enabled the Homo sapiens to travel to faraway regions?
Answer:
Their changed diet pattern enabled groups of Homo sapiens to roam to faraway regions.

Question 10.
Why did the Homo sapiens move their camps to different places?
Answer:
The Homo sapiens moved their camps to different places according to the seasonal changes.

Question 11.
Other than hunting, how did the Homo sapiens acquire their food?
Answer:
Other than hunting, the Homo sapiens harvested seasonal wild grains and gathered seasonal fruits and roots.

Question 12.
Why did the Homo sapiens begin to fell trees?
Answer:
The Homo sapiens felled trees to clear the jungles and set up their seasonal camps in the clearings

Question 13.
What enabled the New Stone Age man to establish permanent village-settlements?
Answer:
The nature of agricultural work made it possible for the New Stone Age man to establish permanent village-settlements.

Question 14.
In which way of life is it necessary to keep moving?
Answer:
In the hunting and gathering way of life, it is necessary to keep moving all the time.

Question 15.
According to the climate, what work was done by the Homo sapiens?
Answer:
According to the climate, fishing and hunting was the work done by Homo sapiens.

Give reasons for the following :

Question 1.
Homo sapiens had largely turned to fishing.
Answer:
As the mammoths became extinct due to hunting, the Homo sapiens turned to fishing.

Question 2.
Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place over a longer period of time.
Answer:
i. By observation of nature, the Homo sapiens discovered and learnt about the best seasons for fishing and the best hunting ground.
ii. For this reason, they needed to stay in one place for a longer period of time.

Question 3.
People established permanent village settlements.
Answer:
i. The nature of agricultural work made it necessary to stay in one place.
ii. Therefore people established permanent village-settlements to live in them generation after generation

Question 4.
By the time of the Middle Stone Age, big animals like mammoths were on the way to extinction.
Answer:
Due to the changing environment and also because they were hunted on a very large scale, big animals like mammoths were on the way to extinction by the time of the Middle Stone Age.

Answer each of the questions in brief :

Question 1.
Why did the hunting pattern of the Homo sapiens change with time?
Answer:

1. With the mammoth becoming extinct, the Homo sapiens had to turn to fishing.
2. He also hunted smaller animals like wild boar, deer, mountain goat and sheep.
3. Thus, the hunting pattern of the Homo sapiens changed with time.

Question 2.
How did the Homo sapiens discover the best hunting grounds and fishing seasons?
Answer:
By observation of nature and using this knowledge to their advantage, the Homo sapiens discovered the best season for fishing and also the best hunting grounds.

Question 3.
How and why did the Homo sapiens clear the jungle?
Answer:
i. For fishing and hunting in one particular region, the Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place for longer periods.
ii. So they cleared the jungles by felling trees and set up their seasonal camps in the clearings.

Question 4.
Why did the people of the New Stone Age establish permanent village-settlements and lived in them generation after generation?
Answer:

1. In hunting and gathering way of life, it is necessary to keep moving all the time.
2. However, agriculture made it possible to store food and use it over a longer period. Hence, their need to move constantly diminished.
3. The nature of agricultural work was such that they had to stay in one place.
4. Therefore people established permanent village-settlements and lived in them generation after generation.

Question 5.
How did the Neanderthals protect themselves from the cold?
Answer:

1. The Neanderthals mainly lived in caves.
2. They protected themselves from the cold by wearing leather clothes and making use of fire.
3. They also used animal hides to erect tents inside the caves for warmth.
4. This is how the Neanderthals protected themselves from the cold.

Question 6.
Why was there no need to keep moving constantly in the New Stone Age?
Answer:

1. The way of human life in the New Stone Age was completely different as compared to the life in the Old Stone Age and Middle Stone Age.
2. Humans became producers of food and started cultivating the land.
3. Agriculture made it possible to store food and use it over a longer period.
4. Therefore, there was no need for humans in the New Stone Age to constantly move from one place to another.

Glossary :

1. dietary : related to food
2. warmth : the quality or sensation of being warm.
3. extremely : very severe
4. faraway : distant in space and time.
5. felling : cutting down
6. scorching : burning
7. concrete : a building material made from a mixture of gravel, sand, cement and water
8. subsidiary : less important than but related to something
9. progre
10. ssive : proceeding gradually or in stages.