Class 11

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 1 Secretary Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 1 Secretary

1A. Select the correct answer from the options given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
The word Secretary is derived from the Latin word ____________ which means a confidential writer.
(a) Amatya
(b) Scribae
(c) Secretarius
Answer:
(c) Secretarius

Question 2.
Only ____________ can be appointed as a Secretary.
(a) an Individual
(b) a Partnership firm
(c) a Joint-stock company
Answer:
(a) an individual

Question 3.
A Secretary is a custodian of ____________ information.
(a) confidential
(b) individual
(c) investigative
Answer:
(a) confidential

Question 4.
The Secretary of a Joint-stock company should be a member of ____________
(a) IPS
(b) ICSI
(c) IAS
Answer:
(b) ICSI

Question 5.
____________ is the oldest type of Secretary.
(a) Company Secretary
(b) Personal Secretary
(c) Secretary of Government Department
Answer:
(b) Personal Secretary

Question 6.
The main objective of a co-operative society is to ____________ the interest of its members.
(a) neglect
(b) takeover
(c) protect
Answer:
(c) protect

Question 7.
Secretary of Government department must be a member of the ____________
(a) ICSI
(b) IAS
(c) ICWA
Answer:
(b) IAS

Question 8.
____________ means correctness in doing a work.
(a) Accuracy
(b) Loyalty
(c) Courteous
Answer:
(a) Accuracy

1B. Match the pairs.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Amatya	(1) Government department
(b) Ministry of Finance	(2) Paid employee
(c) Personal Secretary	(3) Appointed by busy persons
(d) Loyalty	(4) Roman Empire
(e) Financial duties	(5) Maintenance of books of accounts
(f) Secretary	(6) Faithfulness
	(7) Reveals information
	(8) Appointed by Co-operative societies
	(9) Ancient Indian history
	(10) Correspondence
	(11) Free service
	(12) Joint Stock company

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Amatya	(9) Ancient Indian history
(b) Ministry of Finance	(1) Government department
(c) Personal Secretary	(3) Appointed by busy persons
(d) Loyalty	(6) Faithfulness
(e) Financial duties	(5) Maintenance of books of accounts
(f) Secretary	(2) Paid employee

1C. Write a word or a term or a phrase that can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
The term was used in the Roman empire was for a person who was a professional letter writer.
Answer:
Scribae

Question 2.
The sports club is an example of this type of organization.
Answer:
Non-profit association

Question 3.
A Secretary appointed by an individual.
Answer:
Personal Secretary

Question 4.
The quality that a Secretary should possess is to be faithful to his organization.
Answer:
Loyalty

Question 5.
The Latin word for a Secretary.
Answer:
Secretarius

Question 6.
The Company Secretary must be a member of this organization.
Answer:
ICSI

Question 7.
The Secretary of a Co-operative organization in Maharashtra must have knowledge of this Act.
Answer:
Maharashtra State Co-operative Societies Act, 1960

Question 8.
An association that aims to protect the interest of its members.
Answer:
Co-operative society

1D. State whether the following statements are True or False.

Question 1.
A Secretary is responsible only for typing letters.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
The Secretary of a Government department is the oldest type of Secretary.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
The Secretary should remain confidential about his organization.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
A Secretary also looks after routine and administrative duties.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
A Secretary is a paid employee.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Chitnis is a term used in the ancient Roman period.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
A Secretary need not have knowledge of computers.
Answer:
False

Question 8.
Cultural Association is an example of a Government department.
Answer:
False

1E. Find the odd one.

Question 1.
Secretarius, Scribae, ICSI, Chitnis
Answer:
ICSI

Question 2.
Leadership, IAS, Tactfulness
Answer:
IAS

1F. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
In Latin language, a confidential writer was called as ____________
Answer:
Secretarius

Question 2.
The oldest type of Secretary is ____________ secretary.
Answer:
Personal Secretary/Personal Assistant

Question 3.
A company secretary must be a member of ____________
Answer:
ICSI (Institute of Company Secretaries of India)

1G. Select the correct option from the bracket.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) …………………	Personal Secretary
(2) Secretary of Government Department	………………………….
(3) ICSI	………………………….
(4) …………………	Scribae
(5) Custodian of secret	…………………….

(IAS, Appointed by busy individuals, Secretary, Roman Empire, Company Secretary)
Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Appointed by busy individuals	Personal Secretary
(2) Secretary of Government Department	IAS
(3) ICSI	Company Secretary
(4) Roman Empire	Scribae
(5) Custodian of secret	Secretary

1H. Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
Who can appoint a personal secretary?
Answer:
Personal Secretary can be appointed by busy individuals, eg. Doctors, Lawyers, Engineers, Chartered Accountants, Actors, Politicians, Leaders, Ministers, etc.

Question 2.
Which company should appoint a full-time company secretary?
Answer:
Listed companies and all other companies with a paid-up share capital of five crores or more should appoint a full-time company secretary.

Question 3.
A Cultural Club is an example of which type of organization?
Answer:
A Cultural Club is an example of a Non-profit association.

Question 4.
The knowledge of which Act is a must for a secretary of Co-operative Society?
Answer:
A secretary of a co-operative society should have a good knowledge of the Co-operative Societies Act.

1I. Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences.

Question 1.
Personal Secretary is appointed by a Joint Stock Company.
Answer:
Personal Secretary is appointed by a busy individual.

Question 2.
Busy individuals appoint Company Secretary.
Answer:
Busy individuals appoint Personal Secretary.

Question 3.
The Secretary of a Government Department must be a member of ICSI.
Answer:
The Secretary of a Government Department must be a member of IAS.

Question 4.
The term Chitnis was used in Roman Empire.
Answer:
The term Chitnis was used in Ancient Indian history.

2. Explain the following terms/concepts.

Question 1.
Secretary
Answer:
An individual employed to handle general administration, office management, correspondence, and confidential information of an organization.

Question 2.
Confidential officer
Answer:
Secretary is entrusted with the secret and confidential information of his employer and of the business itself.

Question 3.
Compliance officer
Answer:
A secretary must stick to or comply with various sets and its provisions that are applicable to the business like maintaining books, filing returns, etc.

Question 4.
Tactfulness
Answer:
An ability of a person to handle a situation in the right manner. Secretary must handle the different situations and people insensible way.

Question 5.
Loyalty
Answer:
Loyalty means faithfulness. As a confidential officer, a secretary should not share secret matters with anyone.

3. Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.

1. Rajiv and Sanjiv have applied for the post of Company Secretary at Pharma India Pvt. Ltd. Rajiv has experience of 10 years as a Personal Secretary. He later worked as a Secretary at Venus Co-operative Bank for 2 years. Sanjiv has passed his CS examination and is a member of ICSI. He has no working experience. Rajiv is only a commerce graduate.

Question (a).
Who is better suited for the above post? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Sanjiv is suited for the post as he has passed his CS exams and is a member of ICSI which is the basic qualification for a company secretary according to the Companies Act, 2013.

Question (b).
Can Rajiv be selected as a Personal Assistant for one of the Directors?
Answer:
Yes, Rajiv has experience of 10 years as a personal secretary, hence he can be able to assist the director.

Question (c).
Can Rajiv be appointed as Secretary to Pharma India Pvt Ltd.?
Answer:
No, Pharma India Pvt. Ltd. is a private company that can appoint a Company Secretary for its work. Rajiv has experience as a personal secretary so he cannot be appointed as a secretary to Pharma India Pvt. Ltd.

2. Harshada has cleared her CS examination and intends to make her career as a Secretary at the Government department.

Question (a).
Can she apply for the post of Secretary at Government Department?
Answer:
No, a secretary of the Government department must have a clear Civil Services Examination and must be in Indian Administrative Services.

Question (b).
Can she be appointed as the Secretary of ABC Ltd.?
Answer:
Yes, she can be appointed as the secretary of ABC Ltd which is a company, and shehasclearedherCS examination.

Question (c).
As a Company Secretary will Harshada be considered as an employee?
Answer:
Yes, a company secretary is a full-time employee and gets a salary as determined by the Board of Directors.

4. Distinguish between the following.

Question 1.
Personal Secretary and Company Secretary
Answer:

Basis	Personal Secretary	Company Secretary
1. Meaning	An individual appointed by a busy person to assist him.	An individual appointed by the Board of directors to carry out various duties in a Joint Stock Company.
2. Appointment	Personal Secretary is appointed by a busy person or professionals.	Company Secretary is appointed by the Board of Directors.
3. Qualification	There is no prescribed qualification for a personal secretary.	The company secretary must be a member of ICSI.
4. Legal Status	A personal secretary has no legal status.	The company secretary possesses legal status.
5. Powers	The personal secretary has limited powers as given by the employer.	The company secretary has statutory and managerial powers.
6. Purpose	To assist a busy person in his day-to-day work.	To assist the Board of directors in taking decisions and executive functions.
7. Position	The personal secretary is an assistant of the employer.	The company secretary is one of the members of Key Managerial Personnel.

Question 2.
Secretary of Co-operative Society and Secretary of Government Department
Answer:

Basis	Secretary of Co-operative Society	Secretary of Government Department
1. Meaning	Secretary of Co-operative Society is one of the members of the managing committee appointed to carry out the working of the society.	An officer who works under the guidance of the minister or the department.
2. Appointment	He is appointed by the managing committee.	He is appointed by the State or Central government.
3. Qualification	There is no prescribed qualification.	He must have passed an IAS exam.
4. Position	The secretary is a member of society.	The secretary is the administrative head of his department.
5. Purpose	He has to protect the interest of his members.	He has to carry out administrative work under the control of the minister.
6. Remuneration	He is a member of the managing committee and gets an honorarium.	He gets salary and perks as per the Government rules.

Question 3.
Company Secretary and Secretary of a Government Department
Answer:

Basis	Company Secretary	Secretary of Government Department
1. Meaning	Secretary appointed by the Board of Directors to carry out statutory and managerial duties.	Secretary appointed by State or Central government to handle the work of different government departments.
2. Qualification	He must be a member of ICSI.	He must have passed an IAS exam.
3. Appointment	He is appointed by the Board of directors.	He is appointed by the Central or State government.
4. Powers	He has administrative and managerial powers.	He has statutory powers as per the ministry.
5. Purpose	He has to assist the Board of directors in taking decisions.	He has to assist the ministers in carrying out administrative work.
6. Remuneration	He is paid a salary as decided by the Board of Directors.	He is paid salary and perks as per government rules.

Question 4.
Secretary of Non-profit Association and Secretary of Co-operative Society.
Answer:

Basis	Secretary of Non-profit Association	Secretary of Co-operative Society
1. Meaning	A person appointed to look after the working of the association.	Secretary is one of the members of the managing committee appointed to look after the working of the society.
2. Appointment	Secretary is appointed by the managing committee of the association.	Secretary is appointed by the managing committee of the society.
3. Legal Status	The secretary has no legal status.	Secretary has legal status as per the Co-operative Societies Act.
4. Power	He has limited powers.	He has power as per the Co-operative Societies Act.
5. Compulsory	It is not compulsory. It is optional to appoint a secretary.	The appointment of a secretary is compulsory as per the Act.
6. Object	The main objective is to promote social, cultural, and sports activities.	The main objective is to protect the interest of its members.

5. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
Describe any four qualities of a Secretary.
Answer:
Qualities of a Secretary are as follows:

1. Accuracy: A secretary must be accurate in his work like accuracy in office work, record keeping, drafting letters, reports, etc.
2. Loyalty: A secretary should be loyal. He is a custodian of secret information about his business. He should not disclose the secret of the business to outsiders.
3. Adaptability: There are many changes that take place within the business and outside the business. A secretary must adapt himself to every situation and should be ready for every challenge.
4. Leadership: As a leader, a secretary should be able to guide, advise and direct the subordinates. He should create team spirit among his subordinates.

Question 2.
State any four functions of a Secretary.
Answer:
The functions of a Secretary are as follows:

1. Correspondence: It is a basic function of the secretary. He drafts letters, handles inward and outward mails, types letters, files important correspondence. He must handle correspondence well so as to maintain the goodwill of the business.
2. Reception functions: A secretary courteously attends to the visitors, telephone calls, arrange meetings, fix appointments, etc.
3. Financial functions: Secretary handles the financial transactions and maintains proper books of accounts. He handles banking transactions like depositing money, withdrawing money from the bank, issuing cheques and demand drafts, etc.
4. Administrative functions: Secretary performs administrative functions like supervising and controlling the activities of the business, effective coordination, training, orientation, promotion of employees.

Question 3.
Mention any four features of a Secretary.
Answer:
Features of a Secretary are as follows:

1. Individual: Only an individual can be appointed as a secretary. A partnership firm, corporate body, or institution cannot be appointed as a secretary.
2. Employee: Secretary is a paid employee of the business. He is given a salary or honorarium for the work or task done by him.
3. Confidential officer: A secretary is the custodian of the secret or confidential information of his employer and business.
4. Appointment: A secretary can be appointed by a busy person, Co-operative society, Non-profit association, Government, Joint Stock company, etc.

6. Justify the following statements.

Question 1.
A secretary should be courteous and have a pleasing personality.
Answer:

1. A secretary should be courteous as he deals with people within and outside the organization.
2. As he gets the plans executed in the business he must be kind and polite with fellow workers.
3. As a secretary represents the business to outsiders and as a leader within the business, he must have a pleasing personality with confidence and the ability to tackle challenging situations.
4. Thus, a secretary should be courteous and have a pleasing personality.

Question 2.
A secretary is considered a paid employee.
Answer:

1. A secretary is a paid employee of the business.
2. He works as a secretary and receives a salary or honorarium in return.
3. He is not the owner but works for them.
4. Thus, a secretary is considered a paid employee.

Question 3.
Only individuals can be secretaries.
Answer:

1. A secretary is always an individual.
2. Only a person can perform the work of a secretary.
3. A corporate body, institution, or partnership firm cannot be appointed as a secretary.
4. Thus, only individuals can be secretaries.

Question 4.
A secretary is a link between the staff and members.
Answer:

1. With the help of effective communication, the secretary strikes a balance between the staff and members.
2. The plans, policies, and decisions made by the top-level are communicated to the staff, which helps inefficient working of the business.
3. Thus, a secretary is a link between the staff and members.

Question 5.
A personal secretary is appointed by busy individuals.
Answer:

1. A personal secretary is appointed by busy persons to handle their day-to-day work.
2. Professionals and busy persons appoint a secretary so that routine work is handled by the secretary and they can focus on other important work.
3. Thus, a personal secretary is appointed by busy individuals.

7. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Define a Secretary and explain the importance of a secretary.
Answer:
According to Oxford Dictionary “A person whose work is to write for others, especially one who is employed to conduct correspondence, keep records and to transact various other business for another person or for a society or corporation or public body.”

The importance of a secretary are:
(i) Provide guidance and advice:
The secretary provides guidance to the management for efficient working and achieving goals. He also gives advice to the superior on important matters and helps them to take the correct decision.

(ii) Custodian of secret information:
The secretary is closely connected with top management and has access to all the secret and confidential information about the business. He safeguards confidential documents and decisions of the business.

(iii) Correspondent:
Secretary handles all the inward and outward mails of the business. He conducts correspondence with members, directors, registrar, bank, government authorities, etc.

(iv) Conducting meetings:
Secretary carries out all formalities before, during, and after the meeting. He prepares notice, agenda, minutes, etc., and makes all the arrangements for the meetings.

(v) Administrator:
Secretary handles office administration and routine management work efficiently. On behalf of the employer, he looks after the working of day to day work of the business.

(vi) Legal officer:
Secretary performs various statutory duties. He prepares books, reports, registers, documents as prescribed by the Companies Act, 2013.

(vii) Link between management and staff:
The secretary is a link between management and staff. He maintains a balance between management and staff through effective communication and proper coordination.

Question 2.
Explain the features of a secretary.
Answer:
The features of a secretary are as follows:

1. Individual: Only an individual can be appointed as a secretary. An organization, firm, society, or corporate body cannot be appointed as a secretary.
2. Employee: Secretary is not the owner of the business. He is a paid employee. Secretary works in the business and expects salary or honorarium for the work done by him.
3. Custodian of secret information: The secretary has custody of all the secret information of the business as he is closely connected with the top-level management.
4. Appointment: Secretary can be appointed by busy persons, professionals, non-profit associations, co-operative society, or Joint Stock companies.
5. Qualities: In order to perform his duties efficiently a secretary must possess qualities like intelligence, accuracy, loyalty, Courtesy, etc.

Question 3.
Describe the qualities of a secretary.
Answer:
The qualities of a secretary are as follows:

1. Accuracy: It means correctness. While corresponding, preparing reports and records, books of accounts, and register the secretary must be accurate in his work.
2. Adaptability: Secretary must have the ability to adjust with the change within and outside the business like change in management rules and policies, change in government policies, etc.
3. Loyalty: Secretary has access to all the secret information of the business. He must be faithful and not disclose the information to anyone.
4. Cooperative: Secretary works with the people and through the people. He should instill the feeling of team spirit and oneness.
5. Punctuality: Secretary must have a sense of time. He must complete the work on time. If the work is delayed it would affect the growth of the business.
6. Piteasing personality: Secretary must have an impressive and confident personality. With decent behaviour, a good temper, and a positive approach, he can gain respect from others.
7. Tactful: A secretary handles different people and situations. He should be able to handle situations wisely and deal with people in a sensible way.

Question 4.
Explain briefly the various types of Institutional secretaries.
Answer:
Types of Institutional secretaries:
(i) Secretary of a Non-profit Association:
The non-profit association is formed to provide service and not to earn profits. The managing committee looks, after the working of Non-profit association. The Secretary of a Non-profit association is appointed by the managing committee on a salary or honorarium basis. There is no prescribed qualifications of the secretary of the Non-profit association however, knowledge of correspondence, banking transactions, knowledge of computers are expected in these associations.

(ii) Secretary of a Co-operative Society:
It is a voluntary organization formed for the welfare of its members. Managing committee handles or manage the working of the society. One of the members of the managing committee is appointed as a secretary. Secretary of Co-operative society can be appointed as a full-time employee. Secretary must have full knowledge of all the provisions of the Co-operative Societies Act.

(iii) Secretary of a Government Department:
The Secretary of a Government department is appointed by the Central or State Government. Secretary handles the work of various government departments on behalf of the ministers and act as an administrative head of the department. The secretary of the government department should be a graduate and be in Indian Administrative Services [IAS].

(iv) Secretary of a Joint Stock Company:
The Secretary of a Joint Stock company holds a key managerial position and handles the business on behalf of the members. Secretary of a Joint Stock Company is appointed by the Board of Directors. According to the Companies Act, 2013 the Companies Secretary must be a member of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI). Joint Stock Company works on a large scale, hence, full-time secretary handles day-to-day work on behalf of the Board of directors.

Activity 1. (Textbook Page No. 9)

Find out the following:

1. Company Secretary of Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd.
2. Principal Secretary of Prime Minister of India.
3. Chief Secretary, Maharashtra State.
4. Secretary, School Education Department, Government of Maharashtra.

Answer:

1. Narayan Shankar
2. Pramod Kumar Mishra
3. Sitaram Kunte
4. Vishal Solanki (IAS)

Activity 2. (Textbook Page No. 9)

Atmaram Bendre is a Secretary of Gokulghar Housing Society, Enlist his duties.
Answer:
Duties of a Secretary performed by Atmaram Bendre residing at Gokulghar Housing Society, Malad (W), Mumbai are as follows:

1. To hold a monthly meeting of Managing Committee.
2. To prepare notice along with agenda and issue to members of the managing committee.
3. To record and maintain minutes book of the managing committee.
4. To assist the chairman before, during, and after the meeting.
5. To issue a Share certificate to members of the Co-operative Housing Society.
6. To transfer Share certificate within a given period of time.
7. To maintain books relating to the resignation and transfer of members of society.
8. To examine the documents related to transferring flats.
9. To take appropriate actions against default members by giving legal notice, if any.
10. To maintain accounting records required for auditing.
11. To finalize the audit report.
12. To utilize the sinking fund of the society with prior approval of members of society for repair, maintenance internal leakage problem, etc.
13. To give No Objection Certificate for flat agreement of sale or any kind of loans on flat.
14. To abide bye-laws as guided by Co-operative Housing Society Act, 1960.
15. To maintain all correspondence records, files, documents, etc.
16. To issue notice to the member who breaches the bye-laws of the society.
17. To maintain records for the societies such as account records, statutory records, and membership records.
18. To produce records as and when required by the government authorities with the consent of members.
19. To issue allotment or cancellation letter as required by the members of the society.
20. To take contingency meetings as and when required in the event of an emergency.

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 4.3 Extracts of Drama – (A) A Midsummer – Night’s Dream Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 4.3 Extracts of Drama – A Midsummer – Night’s Dream

11th English Digest Chapter 4.3 Extracts of Drama – A Midsummer – Night’s Dream Textbook Questions and Answers

Characters:

1. Choose the odd one out.

Question (i)
Bottom, Moth, Mustard seed, Cobweb
Answer:
Bottom

Question (ii)
Flute, Snug, Quince, Cobweb
Answer:
Cobweb

Question 2.
Match the columns.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(a) Theseus	1. Robin Goodfellow
(b) Titania	2. Queen of the Amazons
(c) Puck	3. Duke of Athens
(d) Hippolyta	4. Fairies
(e) Cobweb, Moth	5. Queen of the fairies

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(a) Theseus	3. Duke of Athens
(b) Titania	5. Queen of the fairies
(c) Puck	1. Robin Goodfellow
(d) Hippolyta	2. Queen of the Amazons
(e) Cobweb, Moth	4. Fairies

Question 3.
Draw a character sketch of Oberon as an enemy of his wife but a friend of lovers.
Answer:
Oberon, the king of fairies, is shown having two faces. On the one hand, he is shown hatching a plan with the help of Puck by using ‘Love in Idleness’ ensuring that the proper lovers end up loving each other. He is also shown sympathising Helena on seeing Demetrius’ cold behaviour towards her. He brings blessings, good health and peace to all the newly married couples towards the end.

On the other hand, in his dealings with his wife Titania, Oberon is potrayed as a wicked man. At the beginning of the play, Oberon is shown fighting with Titania over the custody of an Indian boy. Here, he is however, trying to prove his authority as a male and win the boy. He also tricks his wife by casting a spell upon her that leaves her fall in love with Bottom. He then releases the spell off her when he gets what he has wanted – The boy.

Question 4.
Comment on the loving pair of Lysander and Helena from the point of view of developing their character sketch.
Answer:
Hermia and Lysander loved each other and they eloped in the forest to get married. Helena loved Demetrius but it was the effect of the love potion which was applied to Lysander’s eyes when he slept. Therefore, as he woke up he saw Helena and he started developing feelings for her. But Helena loved Demetrius. On her part Helena was very right. At the end both found their right companions Helena – Demetrius and Lysander – Hermia.

Setting:

1. Correct the given sentences with justification.

Question (i)
The play is restricted to only a part of the woods.
Answer:
The play is not restricted to only a part of the woods because the references, Quince’s cottage, in the another part of the wood etc., are there in the play.

Question (ii)
Since there is a reference to the Indian boy, there are some scenes from India too.
Answer:
The reference to the Indian boy is found in Act II scene I as Puck says “A lovely boy, stolen from an Indian king” and when Titania said that his mother was a votaress of my order and in the spiced Indian air. The reference of Titania’s Indian friend is also found.

Question 2.
The characters are a part of the stage setting. How does this reflect when the characters of the play range from the Duke and the Indian boy to the fairies?
Answer:
Characters are a part of stage setting. This reflects in ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ from the Duke in the palace as he instructs Philostrate to arrange for the celebration with great revelry. However, in the another part of the wood Oberon and Titania struggle for the custody of the Indian boy. Oberon uses love potion on the eyelids of Titania when she sleeps. As the setting of the stage changes the characters change accordingly. Because of the presence of the fairies and an Indian boy, the characters in the play range from real to imaginary.

Question 3.
What changes in the stage setting would you suggest.
Answer:
The characters are the part of stage setting and the play starts with Theseus, Duke of Athens as he wins the queen of Amazons, Hippolyta. But later, in their marriage celebration there are the king and the queen of fairies, Oberon and Titania as well as other fairies and elves as imaginary characters. Characters are arranged from real to imaginary. I suggest that all characters should be real humans.

Question 4.
Comment on the versality and the aptness of the stage setting, as per the requirement of the play ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’.
Answer:
As per the requirement of the play ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ the versality and the aptness of the stage setting go hand in hand. The play starts in the palace and then the stage of the play develops in two different parts of the wood. The stage-setting has been arranged according to the need of the characters and the plot. The characters are set accordingly onto the stage.

Plot:

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are True/False.

1. Lysander and Demetrius fall in love with Helena as a result of the love potion.
2. Oberon transforms Bottom’s head into that of an ass.
3. Titania falls in love with an ass.
4. Both Demetrius and Lysander fight for Helena.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True

2. Give reasons:

Question (i)
Oberon and Titania fight for the custody of the Indian boy because –
(a) Oberon wants the custody of the Indian boy so that Titania would give him a lot time along with the boy.
(b) Titania wants the Indian boy because of her love and duty towards the small boy.

Question 3.
The consequences of Oberon ‘s jealousy for Titania are comic rather than tragic, comment.
Answer:
Oberon was jealous of his queen Titania because she refused to give the boy to him . She fell in love with Bottom. Oberon decided to seek revenge on his queen. It was Oberon himself who made Titania to fall in love with Bottom who wa§ having the head of a donkey. Comic incident was created by that scene in the drama.

Question 4.
There were some reasons why Theseus was initially against but later gave consent for the marrige of Hermia with Lysander. Explain.
Answer:
The reasons why Theseus was initially against but later gave consent for the marrige of Hermia with Lysander because Hermia’s father’s wish was that she should marry with Demetrius and she disobeyed her father. The Duke wants that Hermia should follow the rules and decision of her father. But she eloped with Lysander. It was Hermia’s true love for Lysander that made Theseus to change his decision and agreed that Hermia should marry with Lysander.

Form:

1. Select the correct options.

Question (i)
A Midsummers Night’s Dream is a _______
(a) poetic drama
(b) comedy of errors
(c) comedy based on fantasy
(d) a character play
(e) a revenge tragedy
(f) belongs to realm of dreams.
Answer:
A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a comedy of errors.

Question 2.
Find 2/4 expressions of humour from the extract.
Answer:
Expressions of humour from the extract are:
1. Helena: You do advance your cunning more and more –
Lysander: I had no judgement when to her I swore.
2. Hermia: What’s this to my Lysander? Where is he? Ah, good Demetrius, wilt thou give him me ?
Demetrius: I had rather give his carcass to my bounds.
Hermia: Out dog / out cur/ thou drivest me past the bounds.

Question 3.
‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ is one of the best examples of Shakespeare’s comedy of errors. Comment.
Answer:
A Midsummer Night’s Dream is one of the best examples of Shakespear’s comedy of errors because it has all the features of comedy of errors like conflict between characters, resolution over the problem, cleared confusions between the love triangle, reunion and marriage. It all seem very funny and interesting.

Theme:

Question 1.
Shakespeare is acknowledged as the greatest writer because he understood human nature better than anyone else. Explain the statement in context of the of play.
Answer:
Many authors have tried to potray love as human nature, however, none could display it better than Shakespeare does in his plays. In this play – ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ he explains human nature of ‘control’ through love. He has given a clear picturisation of how love controls a person in the character of Theseus as he forgives Hermia and allows her to marry her love Lysander. It reveals that true love prevails and finds solace.

Shakespeare also explains human nature of conflicts between family and friends. He gives a clear picturisation of conflict when the magic potion ‘Love in Idleness’ was wrongly used on Lysander and he falls in love with Helena because of which Hermia and Helena start a quarrel. Another conflict potrayed, is between the family, when Hermia is given three choices by her father – marry Demetrius, become a nun or die to which she rebels against her father and decides to elope to the woods to marry her love Lysander. Hence, Shakespeare is acknowledged as the greatest writer of human nature.

Question 2.
Prove with the theme of the play/ extract that the deeper human emotion which profoundly interested Shakespeare, was jealousy.
Answer:
The theme of the play ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ is love. Shakespeare portrays how people fall in love with those who appear beautiful to them. However, if one rejects other’s true love, then jealousy starts in the minds of the lovers. The same situation arises if one does not spend quality time with the other. In this play the example of Oberon and Titania is apt to describe human emotion.

Language:

Question 1.
Interpret the following lines in Simple English.
Puck: I’ll follow you.
Bottom: The finch, the sparrow.
Answer:
The song is sung by Bottom to try to keep his courage up as Puck has just turned his head into that of an ass. This transformation scared everyone around him and he is alone in the forest. But his song awakens Titania who falls in love with him immediately and the use of appropriate words and songs are there for the other parts of the wood also.

2. Comment on the literary device, used in the following lines.

Question (i)
Titania: Be kind and courteous to this gentleman
Answer:
Tautology. The words kind and courteous denote the same meaning to give dramatic effect.

Question (ii)
Titania: Come wait upon him: lead him to my bower.
Answer:
Repetition. The word him is repeated two times to give dramatic effect.
Apostrophe. Time has been addressed by Titania to other fairies.

Question 3.
Shakespeare’s poetry has come to be valued for its own sake on the stage. Comment with reference to the play ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’.
Answer:
Shakespeare’s poetry, in his ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ is found outstanding and valued for it’s own sake on the stage. The expressions of love through poetry made his drama lively and interesting. Through the poetic language Shakespeare underlined the truth of human nature and through poetic expressions made the critical moments easier.

Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 4.3 Extracts of Drama – A Midsummer – Night’s Dream Additional Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Then will two at once woo one;
That must needs be sport alone:
Answer:
Reference : These lines are taken from William Shakespeare’s famous comedy ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’. Act III scene II.
Context: The lines are said by Puck as he applied love potion on the eyelids of Demetrius with negligence. Explanation : In ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’, a comic character Puck was told by Oberon, the king of fairies to use the love potion on the eyelides of Demetrius so that he wakes up and sees Helena and will fall in love with her.
But Puck uses the love potion on the eyelids of Lysander, supposing him to be Demetrius. Helena sees the first person Lysander after waking up and falls in love with her instantly. A misunderstanding of Puck made a chaotic situation between the lovers.

Question 2.
Shakespeare’s poetry has come to be valued for its own sake on the stage. Comment with reference to the play ‘A midsummer Night’s Dream’
Answer:
In midsummer night’s dream, Shakespeare’s used theatrical circle simply as fantasy. In order to made it more effective he used poetic lines for enlightening the beauty of the actions in the drama. These poetic lines revealed the nature of characters and developed poetic structure of the drama.

Extracts of Drama – A Midsummer – Night’s Dream Summary in English

In the Palace:

Theseus, Duke of Athens wins Hippolyta in war and they are to be married. So, he instructs Philostrate to arrange for the celebration.

Egeus, the father of Hermia wants his daughter to be married with Demetrius. But she refuses to marry Demetrius as she is in love with Lysander. The Duke Theseus urges her to obey her father and gives her three alternatives: (1) marry Demetrius (2) become a nun or (3) suffer a death sentence. Hermia has time to decide until Theseus, The Duke of Athen’s marriage.

Hermia and Lysander decide to elope to the woods and get married but, Demetrius who used to love Helena, now rejected her love and is interested in Hermia. Hermia tries to win back the love of Demetrius for Helena. As Hermia elopes with Lysander, Demetrius follows her and Helena follows Demetrius.

At the Quinces Cottage:

The workmen from Athens wish to perform a play ‘Pyramus and Thisby’ at the Duke’s wedding. They all plan to meet in the forest for the rehearsal.

In the Woods:

A different world has been seen in the woods. The king of fairies, Oberon and Queen of fairies, Titania are having a fight over the custody of an Indian boy. To teach a lesson to her, Oberon, with the help of Puck, a mischievous spirit, plans to use the magic potion ‘Love in Idleness’, the juice if poured on the eyelids of a sleeping person, makes his/her fall madly in love with the first person he/she sees after waking up. He thus plans to madden Titania and get the custody of the Indian boy.

Oberon then sees Demetrius’ cold behaviour towards Helena and tries to help them by developing feelings in the heart of Demetrius for her. Therefore, he asks Puck to squeeze the magic juice on the eyelids of Demetrius Taking Lysander for Demetrius, Puck squeezes the magic juice on his eyelids.

Helena who enters the wood following Demetrius, proves to be the first person Lysander sees after waking up and falls in love with her instantly. Titania found too much interested in Bottom, one of the workmen of Athens. Puck bewitches him by transforming his head into that of an ass and it bewildered Titania.

In the Another Part of the Wood:

Puck wins the heart of Oberon for punishing Titania and Bottom. But when Oberon realises Puck’s mistake of using magic potion for Lysander instead of Demetrius, he himself squeezes it on the eyelids of Demetrius and orders Puck to fetch Helena as he wakes up to restore the love of Demetrius for Helena. He also corrects the relations of Lysander with Hermia as well as orders Puck to restore Bottom’s head and feels sorry for Titania.

Theseus, Hippolyta and Egeus enter and see the four Athenians and the love between them. He allows Demetrius and Helena and Hermia and Lysander to marry. At last, in the final scene, ‘Pyramus and Thisbe’ was performed for the marriage ceremony of Theseus and Hippolyta in the presence of Oberon and Titania with their fairies and elves to sing and dance and bless the newly wedded. Thus, the play ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ ends on a happy note.

Glossary:

1. night-rule – dark deeds,
2. consecrated – sacred,
3. dote on – to love,
4. extremity – whole heartedly,
5. patches – clowns,
6. nuptial – marriage/ matrimonial/ moments of nuptial bliss,
7. nole – head,
8. mimic – commie actor,
9. russet-pated choughs – birds of the crow family with reddish, brown (or grey) heads,
10. sever – separate from each other,
11. stamp – a noise made by bringing one’s foot heavily on the ground but, here – thing like ‘trick’ (i.e. giving
12. Bottom an ass’s head),
13. yielders – those who yield (giving up or surrender),
14. latch’d – leached, anointed (love juice),
15. ey’d – seen,
16. antipodes – the opposite side of the earth,
17. venus – the evening star,
18. carcass – dead body,
19. mispris’d – mistaken,
20. an – and (or) even,
21. adder – circuit,
22. debt that bankrupt sleep doth sorrow owe – sleepless due to sorrow,
23. confounding – confusing and breaking,
24. Ioi tartars bow – weapon used by the Asian warriors who invaded Europe in the 13 century,
25. cupid’s archery – Roman God of love,
26. a lover’s fee – love requited,
27. fond pageant – silly behaviour,
28. tales – untrue stories,
29. sport alone – fun by itself,
30. devilish holy – a conflict between two truths,
31. nymph – nature goddess,
32. Taurus – a mountain range in Turkey,
33. superpraise – praise excessively,
34. conjure – summon/call,
35. disparage – regards being of little worth,
36. englids – brightens,
37. confederacy – plot/plan,
38. chid – rebuked/scold,
39. artificial gods – creators of works of art,
40. union in partition – two in one,
41. incorporate – united,
42. so in grace – so much in favour/in a good condition,
43. ethiope – black face, but actually a scornful reference to her dark hair,
44. canker blossom – a flower blighted by a worm lodged in the bud,
45. stealth – stealing away,
46. fond – foolish,
47. suffer her to flout – allow her to mock,
48. knot grass – a weed which creeps and makes entangling roots,
49. officious – meddlesome/self assertive enthusiastic,
50. aby – pay a heavy penalty,
51. check by jowl – closely,
52. king of shadows – fairy kings,
53. sort – occur,
54. welkin – sky,
55. Acheron – the world of dead,
56. rail thou – use violent language,
57. Aurora’s harbinger – forerunner of the dawn (the morning star),
58. wormy beds – graves,
59. Neptune – the ocean, in ancient mythology,
60. hither (archaic word) – to or towards this place,
61. constraineth (archaic word) – to impose limitations,
62. crust – (archaic words)to curse,
63. a knavish lad – a mischievous boy,
64. woe – great sorrow,
65. bedabbled – sensuous,
66. briers – wild shrubs,
67. mare – an adult female horse,
68. stalls – work-benches,
69. barren – stupid/brainless,
70. Anon – quickly,
71. the creeping fowler eye – wild geese keep a close watch on hunter who is creeping up to shoot,
72. of force she must be ey’d – inevitably (perforce) she will be seen,
73. lay breath so bitter on your bitter foe – speak so bitterly to no one but your bitter enemy,
74. may be bored – may have a hold driven right through it,
75. dead – pale and bloodless,
76. touch – feat,
77. tender – attention and care,
78. look – be sure,
79. cheer – countenance.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Std Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions Digest

• Chapter 1 Secretary
• Chapter 2 Joint Stock Company
• Chapter 3 Formation of a Company
• Chapter 4 Documents Related to Formation of a Company
• Chapter 5 Members of a Company
• Chapter 6 Directors and Key Managerial Personnel of a Company
• Chapter 7 Company Meetings – I
• Chapter 8 Company Meetings – II
• Chapter 9 Business Communication Skills of a Secretary
• Chapter 10 Correspondence with Directors
• Chapter 11 Correspondence with Banks
• Chapter 12 Correspondence with Statutory Authorities

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Textbook Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Organisation of Commerce and Management 11th Textbook Solutions Chapter 1 Introduction of Commerce and Business Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Organisation of Commerce and Management Solutions Chapter 1 Introduction of Commerce and Business

1. (A) Select the correct option and rewrite the sentence

Question 1.
A Lawyer is ……………..
(a) a professional person
(b) a businessman
(c) an employee
Answer:
(a) a professional person

Question 2.
Raw material is converted into finished product by…………….. industry.
(a) genetic
(b) extractive
(c) manufacturing
Answer:
(c) manufacturing

Question 3.
Actual buying and selling of goods is known as ………………..
(a) profession
(b) trade
(c) industry
Answer:
(b) trade

Question 4.
National level code of conduct is prepared for ……………….
(a) professionals
(b) businessmen
(c) employees
Answer:
(a) professionals

Question 5.
Construction of dams is an activity done under ……………….. industry.
(a) primary
(b) secondary
(c) tertiary
Answer:
(b) secondary

Question 6.
The problem of distance is solved by ………………..
(a)bank
(b) transport
(c) warehousing
Answer:
(b) transport

Question 7.
Commerce is a branch of ………………
(a) business
(b) industry
(c) trade
Answer:
(a) business

Question 8.
Return in business is called ………………
(a) fees
(b) salary
(c) profit
Answer:
(c) profit

Question 9.
A business unit depends upon ………………… for selling its output.
(a) industry
(b) society
(c) employees
Answer:
(b) society

Question 10.
Warehousing creates ……………… utility of goods.
(a) place
(b) time
(c) form
Answer:
(b) time

1. (B) Match the pairs

Question 1.

Group A	Group B
(a) Helping disabled person	(1) Social objective
(b) Genetic industry	(2) Foreign trade
(c) Local Currency	(3) Sericulture
(d) Solve social problems	(4) Non-economic activity
(e) Employment	(5) Internal trade
	(6) Mining
	(7) Profit
	(8) Economic activity
	(9) Business
	(10) Home trade

Answer:

Group A	Group B
(a) Helping disabled person	(4) Non-economic activity
(b) Genetic industry	(3) Sericulture
(c) Local Currency	(5) Internal trade
(d) Solve social problems	(1) Social objective
(e) Employment	(8) Economic activity

1. (C) Give one word, phrase or term

Question 1.
A regular activity concerned with production and distribution of goods and services for profits.
Answer:
Business activity

Question 2.
Human activities that are conducted for earning money.
Answer:
Economic activities

Question 3.
Buying and selling of goods against money or money’s worth.
Answer:
Trade

Question 4.
Activities that remove all the difficulties in trade.
Answer:
Auxiliaries to trade

Question 5.
The type of industries that creates immovable wealth.
Answer:
Construction industry

Question 6.
Name the business activity which is concerned with production of goods and services.
Answer:
Industry

Question 7.
Name the business activity which is concerned with distribution of goods and services.
Answer:
Commerce

Question 8.
The activity which provides mobility to men and material.
Answer:
Transport

Question 9.
An aid to trade which creates time utility.
Answer:
Warehousing

Question 10.
An occupation by which a person agrees to provide expert services for fees.
Answer:
Profession

1. (D) State True or False

Question 1.
Business is an economic activity.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Every profession is practiced for earning money.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Primary industries are concerned with nature.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Trade includes commerce.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Warehousing removes difficulty of time.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Trade includes buying and selling of goods and services.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Profit leads to increase in overall efficiency of the organisation.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Plant nursery is an example of extractive industry.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
Industry creates form utility.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
Retailer is the link between manufacturer and wholesaler.
Answer:
False

1. (E) Find the odd one

Question 1.
Agriculture industry, Extractive industry, Genetic industry, Manufacturing industry.
Answer:
Manufacturing industry

Question 2.
Import trade, Export trade, Wholesale trade, Entrepot trade.
Answer:
Wholesale trade

Question 3.
Banking, Insurance, Transport, Manufacturing.
Answer:
Manufacturing

Question 4.
Tea, Milk, Coffee, Machinery.
Answer:
Machinery

1. (F) Complete the sentences

Question 1.
Economic activities are those activities which are conducted to ………………
Answer:
earn money

Question 2.
……………… Includes marketing of goods and services.
Answer:
commerce

Question 3.
Business is an ……………….. activity.
Answer:
economic

Question 4.
The basic purpose to is to ………………… earn profit.
Answer:
business

Question 5.
Professional charges …………………… in exchange of expert services.
Answer:
fees

Question 6.
……………… is the person who offers the work.
Answer:
employer

Question 7.
………………. is considered as a reward for assuming several business risks.
Answer:
profit

Question 8.
Industry creates ………………… utility.
Answer:
form

Question 9.
In ………………. trade, goods, are purchased and sold in bulk.
Answer:
wholesale

Question 10.
……………….. is the link between wholesaler arid customer.
Answer:
Retailer

1. (G) Select the correct option

Question 1.
(Export trade, Foreign trade, Wholesaler, Import Trade, Economic objective of business)

Group A	Group B
(i) Trade between different countries	—————
(ii) Purchase of goods and services from another country	————–
(iii) ————–	Selling of goods and services to foreign customer
(iv) ————–	Link between producer and retailer
(v) Spending money on Research and Development for development of business	——————–

Answer:

Group A	Group B
(i) Trade between different countries	Foreign Trade
(ii) Purchase of goods and services from another country	Import Trade
(iii) Export Trade	Selling of goods and services to foreign customer
(iv) Wholesaler	Link between producer and retailer
(v) Spending money on Research and Development for development of business	Economic objective of business.

1. (H) Answer in one sentence

Question 1.
What is an economic activity?
Answer:
Activity done for earning money is an economic activity.

Question 2.
What is a non-economic activity?
Answer:
Activities are done to satisfy human wants other than monetary demands.

Question 3.
What do you mean by wholesale trade?
Answer:
Trade conducted on large scale is wholesale trade.

Question 4.
What is the meaning of retail trade?
Answer:
Trade conducted on small scale is retail trade.

Question 5.
What do you mean by import trade?
Answer:
When the goods or services are bought from other countries, to home country it is called import trade.

Question 6.
What do you mean by export trade?
Answer:
When the goods or services are sold to other countries, form home country it is called export trade.

Question 7.
What is an entrepot trade?
Answer:
Goods brought in the country from one country and sold to some other country, it is called entrepot trade.

Question 8.
What is meant by auxiliaries to trade?
Answer:
Auxiliaries to trade are the services which help the smooth conduct of trade.

Question 9.
What is trade?
Answer:
Buying and selling of goods and services is called trade.

Question 10.
What do you mean by commerce?
Answer:
Commerce is a part of business activity which is concerned with the distribution of goods and services.

Question 11.
What is primary industry?
Answer:
Industry which depends upon nature for production is called primary industry.

Question 12.
What is secondary industry?
Answer:
Industry which depends upon primary industry for production is called secondary industry.

Question 13.
What do you mean by genetic industry?
Answer:
Genetic industry means the industry engaged in reproduction and multiplication of plants.

1. (I) Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences

Question 1.
Profession can be transferred to other person.
Answer:
Profession cannot be transferred to other person.

Question 2.
Capital is required for employment.
Answer:
Capital is required for business.

Question 3.
Industry creates place utility.
Answer:
Transport creates place utility.

Question 4.
Commerce represents supply side of market.
Answer:
Industry represents supply side of market.

Question 5.
The basic purpose of business is to provide services.
Answer:
The basic purpose of business is to make profit.

Question 6.
Business is non-economic activity.
Answer:
Business is an economic activity.

Question 7.
Barter exchange is an exchange with money.
Answer:
Barter exchange is an exchange with goods.

2. Explain the following terms/concepts

Question 1.
Business.
Answer:

1. Business is one of the economic activities.
2. Business is done to earn profit.
3. It is done by individuals or organisations.
4. Business includes all those activities done for production, processing and distribution of goods.
5. Business has a risk involved.

Question 2.
Profession.
Answer:

1. Profession is a part of economic activity.
2. A person who practices profession is called a professional.
3. A professional has to acquire particular knowledge under formal education system.
4. He practices and obtain skill in his profession. E.g. Doctors, Lawyers, Chartered Accountants, Architects etc.
5. A professional gets fees for his services.

Question 3.
Employment.
Answer:

1. Employment is an economic activity.
2. A person works for others to earn his livelihood.
3. A person who works is called an employee and a person who offers work is an employer.
4. Employee gets remuneration after certain period which is called salary or wages.

Question 4.
Home Trade.
Answer:

1. Trade means buying and selling of goods and services.
2. Trade conducted within the boundaries of the country i.e. buying and selling of goods and services within the country is called home trade or internal trade.
3. Home trade is divided into two parts; Wholesale trade and retail trade.

Question 5.
Foreign Trade.
Answer:

1. Buying and selling of goods and services is called trade.
2. Trade can be conducted within the country or with other countries.
3. Trade conducted with other countries is called foreign or external trade.
4. Foreign trade is divided into three parts; they are import, export and entrepot trade.

Question 6.
Economic Activity.
Answer:

1. Human beings are engaged in various activities throughout the day.
2. Some activities are done to earn money or livelihood.
3. These activities are called economic activities.
4. Economic activities are of three types; they are business, employment and profession.
5. Because of the economic activities a person can earn for himself and his family.
6. These activities are required for the survival of a human being.

Question 7.
Non-economic Activity.
Answer:
(i) Human activities are divided into two types – economic and non-economic activities.

(ii) Non-economic activities are those which are conducted by a person to satisfy his non monetary requirements. They include personal, social, cultural, religious activities, etc. E.g. singing, playing games, gardening etc.

3. Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.

1. Jaysukh oil mills produce refined oil. The entire production is purchased by Rupesh Oil Depot, who in turn sells it to various retailers. Mrs. Prachi purchased 2kg oil from Balaji Groceries.

Question 1.
Wholesaler
Answer:
Wholesaler – Rupesh Oil Depot

Question 2.
Retailer
Answer:
Retailer – Balaji Groceries

Question 3.
Consumer
Answer:
Consumer – Mrs. Prachi

2. Mr. Pranav is a tin manufacturer in India. Mr. Jack of England sells goods to M/s Frank Corporation in North America and Mr. Williams of USA buys various goods from Brazil.

Question 1.
Who is the importer?
Answer:
Importer – M/s Frank Corporation in North America, Mr. Williams in USA

Question 2.
Who is the manufacturer?
Answer:
Manufacturer – Mr. Pranav

Question 3.
Who is the exporter?
Answer:
Exporter – Mr. Jack

4. Distinguish between the following

Question 1.
Industry and Commerce.
Answer:

	Industry	Commerce
(1) Meaning	Industry is engaged in the production of goods and services.	Commerce looks after the distribution of goods and services.
(2) Location	Industries are located in the industrial belts which are usually away from residential areas.	Infact there is no particular location of commerce. It gives its services at any location.
(3) Utility	Industries create form utility.	Commerce creates place, time and possession utility.
(4) Resources	Industries require mainly machinery, materials and man power for production	Commerce mainly works with the help of man power.
(5) Capital	Industries require huge capital. It mainly depends upon the size of industry.	Activities of commerce comparatively require less capital.
(6) Interdependence	Industries depend on commerce for the supply of raw materials and carrying finished goods to markets.	Commerce cannot function unless supported by the goods provided by the industries.
(7) Conducted by	Manufacturers	Traders or mercantile agents
(8) Classification	Industries are divided into Primary, secondary and tertiary types.	Commerce is divided into Trade and auxiliaries to trade.
(9) Market Force	Industries represent supply side of the market.	Commerce represents demand side of markets.
(10) Status	It has primary importance.	It has secondary importance.

Question 2.
Business and Commerce.
Answer:

	Business	Commerce
(1) Meaning	It is an economic activity engaged in production and distribution of goods and services.	Commerce takes care of distribution of goods and services.
(2) Concept	Business is a wider term than business.	Commerce is a narrower term than business.
(3) Part of	Business is a part of economic activity.	Commerce is a part of business.
(4) Skill	Industries require more of technical, managerial and marketing skills.	Commerce mainly require managerial and marketing skills.
(5) Classification	Business is classified into two parts industry and commerce.	Commerce is divided into two parts trade and auxiliaries to trade.
(6) Capital	It requires large capital.	It requires limited capital.
(7) Investment	Heavy investment is required.	Less investment is required.

Question 3.
Business and Profession.
Answer:

	Business	Profession
(1) Meaning	It is an economic activity where goods and services are produced and distributed.	Profession is also an economic activity under which a person uses his knowledge and provide expect services.
(2) Nature	A person invests his capital and starts business. He may or may not have proper skill or knowledge.	A professional has to take formal training before starting his profession.
(3) Special education	Business does not require special formal education though it is advisable.	Professional is required to take formal education to practice a profession.
(4) Returns	A businessman gets profit.	A professional gets fees from clients.
(5) Registration	A businessman need not register with a particular body or association.	A professional has to register under the respective body or association eg. A Lawyer has to register himself with the Bar Council of India before carrying out his profession.
(6) Capital requirement	More capital is required to run a business. Capital is brought by a businessman.	Comparatively less capital is required to carry out a profession. The required capital is brought by a professional.
(7) Code of conduct	There is no specific code of conduct for the businessmen. They are the owners so they may form the code of conduct for their organisation.	There is specific code of conduct for a professional. This code is decided by the respective association.
(8) Examples	Manufacturer of textiles, retailer, courier service provider, etc.	Doctor, Lawyer, Architect, Chartered Accountant, etc.

Question 4.
Employment and Profession.
Answer:

	Employment	Profession
(1) Meaning	Business is an economic activity, conducted to earn remuneration.	Profession is also an economic activity under which a person uses his knowledge and provide services.
(2) Nature	A person works for other person or organisation to get his livelihood.	A professional has to take formal training before starting his profession.
(3) Special education	It depends on the nature of employment. Some type of employment requires a specific type of education. Whereas in some cases any education is acceptable.	Professional is required to take formal education to practice a profession.
(4) Returns	An employee gets remuneration in the form of wages or salary.	A professional gets fees from clients.
(5) Registration	An employee does not require registering himself with specific associations.	A professional has to register under the respective body or association eg. A Lawyer has to register himself with the Bar Council of India before carrying out his profession.
(6) Capital requirement	Employee need not invest money in the business. He does not require capital.	Comparatively less capital is required to carry out a profession. The required capital is brought by a professional.
(7) Code of conduct	Employee has to follow the rules and regulations of his organisation.	There is specific code of conduct for a professional. This code is decided by the respective association.
(8) Decisionmaking	Employee has no right to take decisions in the organisations unless he is asked.	Professional can take his own decisions as he is the owner.
(9) Tenure	Every employment has a specific tenure. It means the maximum period for which an employee can remain in the employment is fixed. The employee has to retire after that period.	Professional can work throughout his life also.

5. Answer in brief

Question 1.
State any four features of profession.
Answer:
Profession is a part of economic activity. A professional acquires formal knowledge to practice profession. Following are the features of profession:
(i) Qualification : A particular qualification is required to practice a profession. A professional needs to acquire knowledge through formal education. Unless he gets a formal knowledge and training, he cannot practice profession, e.g. A Doctor cannot prescribe medicines without having a degree in medicine.

(ii) R eturns: A professional charges fees for the services rendered to the clients, The fees charged by a professional depends on different factors like his knowledge, experience, skill etc. His income is not fixed.

(iii) Capital : Professional requires capital to set up or run his practice. The amount of capital depends upon the nature of practice a professional wants to do.

(iv) Work Nature : A professional who is expert in a particular field, provides services in his field of expertise, eg. an architect will provide his services in the field of building houses.

Beside the above features, there are other features like-

1. Aim
2. Registration and Membership
3. N on transferability

Question 2.
State any two types of industries.
Answer:
Industries is a part of business. They look after the production of goods and services. Industries creates form utility. There are various types of industries. They can be broadly divided into three categories.
(i) Primary Industry :
These are the industries which depend on nature for their production. They include agriculture, mining, fishing, wood cutting etc. Primary industries are further divided into three types; agriculture industry, extractive industry and genetic industry.

(ii) Secondary Industry :
These are the industries which depend upon primary industries for their production. They mainly categorized as manufacturing industries and construction industries. Secondary industries use the raw materials of primary industries and convert them into finished products which is then sold in the market.

Question 3.
Give two types of Foreign Trade.
Answer:
Trade with other countries is called foreign trade. Foreign trade is of three types.

1. Import trade : When the goods or services are purchased from other countries it is called import trade,
2. Export trade : When the goods are sold to other countries, it is called export trade.
3. Entrepot trade : It is also called re-exporting. In this case goods are first brought from one country and again resale to other country, e.g. A buyer from India imports goods from France and exports them to Australia.

Question 4.
State any four auxiliaries to trade.
Answer:
Auxiliaries to trade are all those services which help in the smooth conduct of trade. There are different types of services which help trade. They are explained below.
(i) Warehousing: Warehousing helps to store the goods safely. There is a gap between the time of production and the time of consumption. Warehousing fills up this gap by conveniently storing the goods till they are demanded in the market. Warehousing, thus, creates time utility. Care is taken that the goods do not get damaged in the warehouse.

(ii) Advertising : Advertising is an important tool in the hands of a businessman to communicate to potential buyers. In today’s world producer/seller is situated at one place and consumers are spread over wider area. Through advertisement, producer or seller can contact the consumers. There are different mediums of advertisement, e.g. T.V., Radio, Hoardings, Print etc.

(iii) Insurance : Business is exposed to many risks. A businessman has to be careful about the risks. Some risks can be avoided, some can be minimized and some can be transferred. Insurance is an auxiliary which helps the businessman to handle the risk. Businessman can transfer some of the risks to insurance company. Insurance company, by accepting premium from the businessman, assures him to pay compensation in case of loss.

(iv) Transport: Transport is an important auxiliary to trade. Transport carries raw materials and people to place of production and brings finished goods to markets. Thus transport creates place utility. Transport can be conducted by different modes e.g. rail, road, water or air.

Beside the above features, there are other features like-

1. Banking
2. Mercantile Agents
3. Communication

Question 5.
State any four features of employment.
Answer:
Employment is an economic activity. A person works for others to earn his livelihood.
Following are the features of employment:
(i) Aim : The main aim of person accepting employment is to earn money.

(ii) Qualification : Qualifications are required depending upon the nature of employment. Some types of work require educational qualifications, some require some specific skill, some require both. But qualifications are necessary for employment.

(iii) Monetary returns : The person who accepts employments and work for the employer gets remuneration after specific intervals. Remuneration can be wages or salary. Usually wages are paid daily or weekly and salaries are paid monthly.

(iv) Capital: Capital is not required for the person who is in employment.

Question 6.
Write any four objectives of business.
Answer:
Business is done with some objectives. These can be divided as (a) Economic objectives and (b) Social objectives. Following are the Economic Objectives:

1. Earning Profit: Business is done with the main objective of earning profit. Profit is always a motivating factor for a businessman.
2. Searching New Customers : To maximize profit a business organisation has to search new customers. It is required to expand the business. It is also important to retain the old customers.
3. Best possible use of Resources : Making best use of available resources is the objective of business. This ensures avoiding of wastage and saving valuable money. This ultimately leads to increase in profit.
4. Innovation : One of the important objectives of business is to make innovations for the development of business. Therefore research and development becomes an important part of the working of any business organisation.

Question 7.
State any four features of business.
Answer:
Business is an economic activity which is done to earn profit.
Following are the features of business:
(i) An economic activity : Business is an economic activity. Because it is done to earn profit for livelihood.

(ii) Two parties : Business is mainly concerned with the production and distribution of goods and services. It means business transactions involve exchange and in any exchange two parties are involved. Thus business involves two parties.

(iii) Profit motive: Every business is done with a motive of making profit. Therefore all the activities of business revolve around profit. A businessman is not satisfied with the profit he gets, but he tries to maximize the profit either by increasing the production or by reducing the cost. He tries to find out new customers and new markets.

(iv) Production of Goods and Services : Business includes the production of goods and services. Raw materials are used and the finished goods are produced.

Question 8.
State any two types of primary industry.
Answer:
Primary industries are those industries which depend on nature for production. Primary industries are of three types which are given below.

1. Agriculture industry: Agriculture includes cultivation of land. It is an important primary sector industry.
2. Extractive industry : Extractive industry draws out the produce from natural resources like land, river or sea etc. The products extracted are usually in raw form they are converted into finished products and sold in the market.
3. Genetic industry : Genetic industries are engaged in the reproduction and multiplication of plants and animals e.g. poultry, plant nursery, etc.

6. Justify the following statements.

Question 1.
Retailer is in direct contact with ultimate consumers.
Answer:

1. Retailer in a trader operating in the chain of distribution.
2. He deals with the ultimate consumer.
3. Retailer is the last link in the chain of distribution.
4. Goods flow from the producer to consumer in the following way:
   Producer → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer
5. Thus, retailer comes into direct contact with the ultimate consumer.

Question 2.
Commerce is a wider term than trade.
Answer:

1. Commerce is a part of business. Business is divided into two parts; industry and commerce,
2. Commerce is concerned with the distribution of goods.
3. Commerce is divided into two parts. One is trade and the other is auxiliaries to trade.
4. Trade is concerned with buying and selling of goods and services.
5. Trade is’a part of commerce.
6. Along with trade, commerce also includes auxiliaries or services to trade.
7. These services help in the smooth running of trade.
   Thus, it clearly indicates that commerce is a wider term than trade.

Question 3.
Risk is inevitable in business activities.
Answer:

1. Every business is exposed to various risks. A businessman cannot avoid risks in the business.
2. These risks include goods remaining unsold due to changes in fashions, risks of losses due to fire or theft, damage to goods during transportation or warehousing, risks of bad debts, etc.
3. A businessman has to be prepared to handle these risks.
4. These risks cannot be totally eliminated. But they can be minimized or transferred to insurance company.
5. A businessman must be ready for the risks as they are inevitable.
6. Thus, risk is inevitable in business activities.

Question 4.
Combination of import-export trade is entrepot trade.
Answer:

1. Import, export and entrepot trade are the parts of foreign trade.
2. When the goods are purchased from other countries it is called import trade.
3. When the goods are sold to other countries it is called export trade.
4. A combination of import and export trade is called entrepot trade.
5. In case of entrepot trade goods are first purchased from one country i.e. imported and then sold to or exported to other country.
6. E.g. Indian trader purchased some computers from Japan and sold them to Sri Lanka will be included in entrepot trade.
7. Thus, entrepot trade is a combination of import and export trade.

Question 5.
Transport creates place utility.
Answer:

1. Transport is one of the important auxiliaries to trade.
2. Transport brings raw materials and people to the place of production and carries finished products to markets.
3. There are different modes of transport through it carries goods and people from one place to another. They are rail, road, water and air.
4. If goods are produced at one place, it may not have demand at that place only.
5. Transport carries them to other place where they are demanded and create place utility.
6. Thus, we can say that transport creates place utility.

Question 6.
Industrial activities take place before commerce starts its role.
Answer:

1. Industry and commerce are the two parts of business.
2. Both the parts are complimentary to each other.
3. One cannot function without other.
4. Industries look after the production of goods and services and commerce takes care of the distribution of the goods produced.
5. Obviously production of goods comes first and it is followed by distribution or selling of goods.
6. Thus, industrial activities take place before commerce starts its role.

Question 7.
Available resources should be used to its maximum.
Answer:

1. Resources are always scarce. The demand for resources is more and the availability of resources is less.
2. Similarly, resources belong to the society but the businesses use them for production and provide the finished products to the society.
3. So it is necessary to use the resources carefully.
4. Wastage of resources should be avoided.
5. Wherever possible, recycling and reusing the resources should be considered by the businesses.
6. Thus, whatever resources available should be used to its maximum.

Question 8.
Wholesalers is a link between retailer and manufacturer.
Answer:

1. Wholesaler and retailer are the important intermediaries in trade.
2. They help to bring the goods from the manufacturer to ultimate consumer.
3. Wholesaler is a trader who deals in large quantities i.e. the wholesaler purchases the goods in bulk from the manufacturer and sells it to retailer in small quantities.
4. Both the wholesalers and retailers are the part of chain of distribution, which is shown below.
   Producer → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer
5. Thus, it is true that wholesaler is the link between the manufacturer and retailer.

Question 9.
Business is a part of economic activities.
Answer:

1. Economic activities are those activities which are done with the intention of making money.
2. A person has to earn money for his livelihood.
3. However all economic activities are not same. They can be conducted mainly in three different ways.
   (a) Employment (b) Profession and (c) Business.
4. Business is conducted to earn profit.
5. businessman invests his own capital, takes decisions and carries out business activities.
6. He also takes risk for carrying business activities.
7. Thus, a businessman is responsible for the business activities. The profit earned is enjoyed by the businessman. So business is a part of economic activity.

Question 10.
Changing fashions is one of the important causes of business risk.
Answer:

1. Business is exposed to various kinds of risk.
2. The risks can be due to the loss of goods by fire or theft, bad debts, changes in government policies, goods remaining unsold etc.
3. Goods remaining unsold due to changes in fashion, is also an important type of risk in the business.
4. Due to this risk businessman can suffer loss.
5. However this risk is there in case of some goods only e.g. clothes, footwear, jewellery, accessories, sun glasses etc.
6. This risk is not there in case of food grains or vegetables as they are essentials and their demand remains somewhat constant.
7. Thus, changes in fashion is an important risk in the business.

7. Answer the following questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by commerce ?
Answer:
Commerce involves distribution of goods and services. Commerce is a part of business. Business is divided into two parts. They are (i) industry and (ii) commerce. Industries are concerned with the distribution of goods and commerce does the distribution of those goods in the market. Commerce helps in bringing the goods from the manufacturer to consumer by making uninterrupted flow of goods. Commerce includes main two activities – (i) Trade and (ii) Auxiliaries to trade.
(i) Trade means buying and selling of goods and services. Any buying and selling is included in trade. It can be industrial goods, consumer goods or buying and selling of services, etc.

(ii) Auxiliaries of trade are all those supportive services which help in the smooth conduct of trade. They include transport, banking, insurance, advertising, etc.

Question 2.
What is the meaning of export trade?
Answer:
Trade is divided into two parts, (i) Home trade and (ii) Foreign trade. Home trade is a trade conducted within the country where as foreign trade is trade with other countries. When the goods are purchased from and sold to other countries it is included in foreign trade.

Foreign trade is divided into three parts, (i) Import trade, (ii) Export trade and (iii) Entrepot trade. In case of export trade goods are sold to other countries e.g. A garment trader from India selling his garments to England will be included in export trade. Export trade plays an important role in the economy of any country, It helps a country to get valuable foreign exchange for the country, It also helps to enhance the reputation of the country in the foreign market.

Question 3.
State the role of auxiliaries to trade in trading activities.
Answer:
Role of auxiliaries to trade:

1. Auxiliaries to trade are all the services which help trade.
2. Trade means buying and selling of goods. However buying and selling is not possible unless it is supported by different services which will make the trade easy.
3. There are different auxiliaries or services which support buying and selling. They are : transport, warehousing, banking, insurance, advertising, etc.
4. These services help the trader as well as the buyers. They remove the hindrances in the process of distribution and ensure smooth flow of goods from the manufacturer to consumer.
5. In modern world, the manufacturers and’ consumers stay away from each other. It becomes very difficult for the manufacturer to contact the buyers and sell goods directly to them.
6. In this regard auxiliaries to trade help in establishing a link between the manufacturer or seller to consumer.

Question 4.
What are the different types of secondary industries?
Answer:
Secondary industries are those which depend upon primary industry for production. Secondary industries take raw materials from primary industries and carry out their production.
Secondary industries are of two types:
(i) Manufacturing industry : These industries are engaged in the manufacturing of various types of goods. They may be consumer goods or industrial goods. These industries convert raw materials into finished products. They make use of men, material and money for production. The examples of these industries include chemical industry, electronics industry, textile industry, paper industry.

(ii) Construction industry : These types of secondary industries are engaged in the construction activities such as dams, bridges, buildings, roads, tunnels etc. In case of other industries the goods are produced at one place but sold at different places. However in case of construction industry the construction takes place at one place only. Thus this industry creates immovable property.

Question 5.
State the types of human activities.
Answer:
There are various activities conducted by a person in a day. These activities can be divided into two parts.
Human Activities:
Economic activities
Non-economic activities

1. Economic activities : These activities are conducted to earn money. A human being requires money for livelihood. Economic activities are divided into three types.

• Business
• Profession
• Employment

Business is done to earn profit. Profession is done by acquiring special knowledge to provide services to people. A professional gets fees for the services rendered. Whereas when a person works for other person or” organisation to earn wage or salary, is called employment.

2. Non-economic activities : Non-economic activities are conducted by the person to satisfy their needs other than financial needs. These activities include cultural, social, religious, sports, health related etc.

Question 6.
Describe the scope of internal trade.
Answer:
Internal trade is a part of trade. It includes buying and selling of goods within the country. Internal trade is further divided into two parts.
(i) Wholesale Trade : Wholesale trade is a trade conducted on large scale. A wholesaler purchases goods in bulk from the manufacturer and sells them to the retailers. Wholesaler forms a large network through which he helps to distribute goods at distant places. Wholesaler is an expert trader in his field. He acts as a link between the manufacturer and the retailer.

(ii) Retail Trade : Retail trade is a trade conducted on small scale. He purchases goods from the wholesalers and sells them to the consumers in required quantities. Retailer comes into direct contact with the consumers. A retailer caters to the needs of consumers by providing them various goods in whatever quantities they want.

Question 7.
How does banking and insurance help trading?
Answer:
Commerce includes trade and auxiliaries to trade. Trade means buying and selling of goods and services. But buying and selling is not possible unless it is supported by the auxiliaries of trade. Thus auxiliaries to trade are the services which help trade. Banking and insurance are two important auxiliaries to trade.
(i) Banking : Banking services help traders in many ways. Branches of banks are spread over wider areas. Traders can open an account in bank and take the advantage of various banking services. Banks offer loans, overdrafts, transfer of money, letter of credit, foreign exchange facilities to the traders.

(ii) Insurance : There are various kinds of risks in the business. A businessman can transfer some risks on the insurance company. Goods can be destroyed by fire, theft or damaged in transportation. The businessman can transfer these risks on the insurance company. He has to pay premium to the insurance company and make a contract with the insurance company. In case of loss, insurance company pays compensation to the trader.

(iii) Thus, the risks cannot be avoided completely but can be minimized by taking insurance policy.

8. Answer the following in details.

Question 1.
Give comparative analysis of business, profession and employment.
Answer:
Business, profession and employment are the part of economic activities. These activities are conducted to earn money. However the nature of all the three activities is different. A comparative analysis of all the three activities is given below:

Question 2.
Define business. Explain its features.
Answer:
Business is a part of economic activities. Business is done to earn profit. It is done by an individual or a group of individuals. Business can be defined in many ways by thinkers. Some of them are given below:
Prof. Haney : “ Business activities are all those activities which are directed towards the production and processing of wealth”.
Prof. Pride, Huges and Kapoor: “The organised efforts of individuals to produce and sell for a profit, the goods and services that satisfy society’s needs”.

The term business also refers to the organised efforts and activities of individuals to produce and sell goods and services for profit.

Following are the features of business:
1. Continuity in Dealings : Continuity is most important in case of any business. Business requires regularity. Business activity should be carried on for a Longer time. A transaction carried on only for one time or few times cannot be called as a business activity, e.g. Sale of own old motor car cannot be considered as a business activity.

2. Uncertain Returns : The returns in any business are not fixed. They are uncertain and fluctuating. The profit of business is not fixed or guaranteed.

3. Risk Element: Business is exposed to many risks. These risks arise out of some unforeseen circumstances or wrong decisions or misjudgements of the businessman. A businessman cannot avoid the risks but he can minimize the risks by taking proper steps. Some risks can be transferred to insurance company.

4. Satisfaction : Customer is an integral part of any business activity. Without a customer there cannot be buying or selling. Businesses need customers to fulfil their monetary objective and therefore customer satisfaction is the most important part of any business activity. Modern thinking on business gives top most priority to customer satisfaction. If the customers are satisfied, there will be more sale and profit to the business.

5. Two Parties : Business includes production and distribution. Every business transaction involves exchange. For carrying out any exchange two parties are required. These two parties are the seller and the buyer. There is an oral or written agreement between the buyer and the seller to buy or sell the goods or services.

6. Economic Activity : Business is an economic activity. The intention of carrying out any business is to earn money. Business is not conducted for satisfying sentimental needs of a person. Business activity is purely monetary.

7. Profit Motive : Business is basically conducted to earn profit. Every businessman tries to get maximum profit out of the business. Profit is required for the businessman to earn the livelihood and also for the survival of the business. It is also required for the expansion of business. Thus profit plays a vital role in business.

8. Production of Goods and Services :: Business has two aspects. One is production of goods and services and distribution of them. Goods are produced by the industries. Providing of services also form an important part of business activities.

9. Exchange of Goods and Services : Goods and services are exchanged for money or money’s worth. It is a business activity as there is a seller and a buyer and they exchange goods or services for a value. In modern days almost all the transactions are carried out with money as a medium of exchange. In case of very few transactions, goods are exchanged for goods.

10. Dealings in Goods and Services : In case of business, goods or services are bought and sold. There cannot be business without the exchange of goods or services. Goods can be consumer goods or industrial goods. Services are of different types like banking, insurance etc. Services are also exchanged for a value.

Question 3.
Describe various objectives of a business.
Answer:
Business is an economic activity which includes production and distribution of goods and services. Business is done to get profit. Even though business is done with the intention of making profit, that is not the only objective of the business. There are other objectives of business.
The objectives of business are explained below:

A. Economic Objectives:
(i) Searching of New Customers : Business needs expansion. So that it can earn more profit. Therefore searching new customers or new markets becomes an important economic objective of business.

(ii) Earning Profit: Making profit always becomes the main economic objective of any business.

(iii) Best possible Use of Resources : It is the responsibility of any businessman to make proper use of available resources. It is because resources are limited and the demand for resources is more. When a businessman uses resources carefully and economically, he can save his money. It will ultimately result in the increase of profit.

(iv) Innovation : Business needs change according to current situation. New products, new processes should be found out to remain in the competition in the market. Then only a business can survive and continue making profit. Therefore making innovations is one of the economic objectives of the business.

(B) Social Objectives:
Following are the social objectives:
(i) Contributing to the Welfare of the Society : Social objectives incliude the working for the betterment of the society in general. It is the responsibility of the business to work for the welfare of the society by carrying out social welfare programmes.

(ii) Avoiding Unfair Trade Practices : Unfair trade practices are those practices which are not advisable in business. They include black marketing, hoarding, adulteration, wrong representation, false advertisements etc. Unfair trade practices make adverse effect on the business. Therefore one of the important social objective of business is to keep itself away from such practices.

(iii) Supplying Quality Products : It is the social objective of business, to provide quality products to the customers. Customer is the important part of any business. Without customers, a business cannot function. Therefore it is the responsibility of the business to provide safe, non ad ulterated, durable products to the customers.

(iv) Help to Solve Social Problems : In modern world many social problems are occurring in the society. Business is a part of the society and therefore one of the social objectives of business is to help solving the social problems.

(v) Employment Generation : A business can provide employment to many people. It becomes the social objective of the business to generate more and more employment. This will help to reduce the problem of poverty and unemployment.

(vi) Welfare of Employees : Employees is an integral part of any organisation. Business cannot function without the employees. It is therefore the responsibility of the businessman to provide better working conditions to employees. Better working conditions help to improve the productivity of the employees.

Question 4.
Explain the importance of profit in business.
Answer:
Business is such activity which involves earning profit. Any business organisation, whether small or large, production unit or service industry; works for getting maximum profit. Profit plays a very important role in business.
The role of profit is explained below:
(i) Growth and Expansion : Profit acts as an internal source of raising funds. Business can keep aside excess profit and use it for its own expansion or diversification purpose. Expansion results into more profit, which can be used for other purposes.

(ii) Research and Development : When a business gets good profits it can spend money on research and development. Research and development helps to find out the processes that help to reduce the cost of production and provide better quality products. This helps to increase the production ultimately resulting in increase in profit.

(iii) Returns to lnvestors: The owner of business needs returns on the money he has invested in the business. These returns are in the form of profit. If there are good profits, the businessman gets fair returns on his investment.

(iv) Means of Livelihood : A biusiness is mainly carried on for getting the livelihood. A result of business is profit. Thus the main role of profit is to help the businessman earn his living.

(v) Increasing Efficiency : Profit acts as a motivating factor. A businessman who is working hard for the business and gets substantial profits gets a motivation to work hard. Profit thus helps in increasing the efficiency. Similarly an employer can give good remuneration to the employees when there is good profit. This helps to increase the efficiency of the employee also.

(vi) Reward for Risks : Every business is exposed to various types of risks. A businessman has to consider these risks. As a businessman takes risks and performs business activities, buyers get the necessary commodities. The result of these business activities is profit. Profit in this case acts a reward for the risk taken by the businessman.

(vii) Survival: The most important role of profit is to help the business to carry on the activities continuously. Survival of business depends upon the continuous supply of finance. Profit enables business to continue with the uninterrupted supply of funds.

Thus profit plays a vital retie in the business. Profit is an inevitable part in every business. It helps a businessman to earn his livelihood, carry on research and development activities and most importantly survival of the business.

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 4.2 The Rising of the Moon Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 4.2 The Rising of the Moon

11th English Digest Chapter 4.2 The Rising of the Moon Textbook Questions and Answers

(A1)

Question 1.
There are some dialogues which are short, but quite effective. They give us enjoyment and add beauty to the main story. Find some more from the text. (Answers are given directly in bold)

Answer:

(A2)

Theme

Comment on the given statement after reading the given dialogue.

Question (a)
“And if we get him itself, nothing but abuse on our heads for it from the people, and may be from our own relations”.
Answer:
We don’t think of our society at large. If we catch the prisoner, Irish people will abuse us. They expect us to cooperate with the patriots as they are our own people. If we do not catch the escaped prisoner, the British Government will abuse us. In any case if we catch the prisoner or do not catch anyhow we are the one who are going to be abused.

Question (b)
“It’s a pity some honest man not to be better of that”.
Answer:
It was a good opportunity for the sergeant to show his honesty to the Britishers. He wanted to catch the escaped prisoner and also to get the reward.

Question (c)
“I wouldn’t be in your shoes if he reward me ten times as much. People generally fall victim to incentives. Some people stick to values”.
Answer:
Those who stick to values and are not templed at all, are the people of principles. Such people don’t betray anyone. They are very brave and loyal.

Question (d)
“But when I saw a man in trouble, I could never help trying to set him out of it. It’s human to help others”.
Answer:
The sergeant was alone in the dangerous dark night. The man wanted to help the sergeant to keep a watch. He told the sergeant that he would help him in his task and would not demand any share in the reward that the sergeant gets for catching the escaped prisoner.

Question (ii)
The priorities of the sergeant are shifted. Complete the given table by using the given clues.
Answer:

Priorities of the Sergeant in the beginning	Priorities at the end of the play
Law and duty	patriotism
To Catch the escaped prisoner	Sympathised the prisoner

Question (iii)
Find the sentence from the play selected to the given points.
Answer:
a. Loyalty in Irish nationalism.

(a) “May be Sergeant, you’ll be on the side of the country yet”.
(b) “I have my duties and I know them”.
(c) “I am in the force”.
(d) “We have to do our duty in the force”.

b. Tension between different loyalties.

(a) “It’s little we get but abuse from the people, and no choice but to obey our orders”.
(b) ‘You won’t betray me… the friend of Granuaile”.
(c) “May be Sergeant, it comes into your head sometimes, in spite of your belt and your tunic, that it might have been as well for you to have followed Granuaile”.
(d) “Stop that that’s no song to be singing in these times”.

(A5)

The description of the character is given below. Identify the character from the play. Find some sentences which support your choice.

Question (a)
He is a brave but irresponsible person.
Answer:
The character is sergeant.
(Brave) (a) “I don’t want it. Bring it with you, He is irresponsible”.
(b) Sergeant (after a pause) – no one.

Question (b)
He is a major character. He dominates the story.
Answer:
The character is the man. ,
(Major) (a) “I know well the man you are waiting for”.
(Dominate) (b) “Will you let me pass or must I make you let me?”

Question (c)
He is smart as well as brave.
Answer:
The character is the man.
(Smart) (a) “Back to the town isn’t it?”
(Brave) (b) “You need’nt ask me who I am, that placard will tell you”.

Question (d)
He is the centre of the play.
Answer:
The character is sergeant.
(a) “Am I as great a fool as I think I am?”
(b) “Indeed it’s a hard thing to be in the force, out at night and no thanks for it, for all the danger we’re in. And it’s little we get but abuse from the people, and no choice but to obey our orders, and never asked when a man is sent into danger”.

Question (e)
He is obedient and simple.
Answer:
The answer is the policeman B.
(Obedient) (a) “You bade us to come back here and keep watch with you”.
(Simple) (b) ‘You might want it. There are clouds coming up and you have the darkness of the night before you.”

Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 4.2 The Rising of the Moon Additional Important Questions and Answers

Character Analysis:

Question 1.
Write your opinion about the man and the sergeant.
Answer:
The sergeant plays an important character and grips the audience’s attention. He is basicallyan Irish man, however, his duty requires him to serve the British and go against his own country. In the beginning of the play, he is in need of money. He is eager to arrest the prisoner who has escaped the gaol and get the reward of hundred pounds. He is seen as a loyal police officer under the British Government. His words, “The whole country depends on us to keep law and order”, is inspiring. However, his character undergoes a change as the play proceeds.

He develops arrogance and begins to argue with the ragged man. When the ragged man begins to sing patriotic ballads, the sergeant’s behaviour suddenly turns patriotic and reminds him of the days when he used to indulge in freeing Ireland from the chains of the Britishers. Towards the end of the play we see the sacrificing behaviour of the sergeant as he sacrifices his reward and promotion by not arresting the prisoner. He is shown to be less intelligent than the ragged man but soft-hearted. However, he then asks himself, “I wonder, now, am I as great a fool as I think I am?” As audience, we can term him foolish but also call him a great patriot.

On the other hand, the ragged man in the play is having heroic qualities as he is smart and a passionate lover of his country. He introduces himself as a ballad singer and also touches the heart of the police officer by singing love and patriotic ballads. He is so perfect in making-up his identity that the policeman (sergeant) cannot suspect him until he reveals his identity. He intelligently brings out stories from the sergeant which proves his wittiness.

He succeeds in bringing out the feelings of patriotism from the sergeant, turns himself into a friend of the sergeant and escapes safely from being imprisoned again. But before escaping, he expresses gratitude to the sergeant with a note of optimism. He promises him to pay back his good turn. He is optimistic and tells that a day will surely come that Ireland will be free from the British rules.

Reference To Context:

Comment on the given statement after reading the given dialogue.

Question 1.
The man tries to enforce the sergeant in favour of the criminal.
Answer:
The man tries to enforce the sergeant in favour of the criminal by repetedly saying, “Never mind. I’m going. I wouldn’t be in your shoes if the reward was ten times as much”.

Thought-Provoking Questions:

Question 1.
The man and the sergeant need each other’s support. Find such examples.
Answer:
On that dark night, while keeping a watch, the man and the sergeant needed each other’s support. The man told the sergeant that he had seen the escaped criminal at his own place. Describing the criminal the man told that there wasn’t any weapon he didn’t know the use of. He also told that the escaped criminal was a strong and muscular man.

This description created fear in the mind of the sergeant and he actually needed the support of the man. The man also needed the sergeant’s support. He had planned to escape from the place which was not possible without the help of the sergeant. Thus the man and the sergeant both needed each other’s support.

Question 2.
Find out the reason of the man for staying at the place.
Answer:
The ballad singer, as the ragged man introduces himself in the play, is actually the escaped prisoner. Using his intelligence he however tries to stay with the sergeant because he knows that the police are in search of him to put him back into custody. The hour is not safe for him to move and therefore he engages himself with the sergeant so that the other policemen do not doubt him and he can make a move when the time is safe.

Question 3.
Write about the persuasive approach of the man.
Answer:
The man (the escaped prisoner) introduced himself as a ballad singer. He started singing ballads to persuade the sergeant in believing his identity. He also told the sergeant that he was so poor that he would earn money by singing ballads and would arrange for his supper. The man was dominating enough as he stuck to the place in spite of repeated warnings of the sergeant to go away from the place.

Question 4.
Find the life of a singer that is mentioned in the play.
Answer:
The man introduces himself as a poor ballad singer who sings patriotic ballads for the sailors to earn himself a living.

Question 5.
The wavelength of the man and the sergeant goes together. Find the evidences from the text.
Answer:
The wavelength of the man and sergeant goes together, this can be proved when the sergeant is eager find the escaped prisoner for a hundred pounds and a promotion on the basis of which he can support his family in a better way. On the other hand, the man introduces himself as a ballad singer who sings patriotic ballads to the sailors to earh living. In the other part of the act, the ragged man proves his patriotism by hiding his identity of prisoner belonging to Ireland. As the play comes to an end, the sergeant allows the man to escape in spite of knowing that he is the prisoner they were in search of. This is because the ragged man belongs to Ireland, the nation the sergeant used to belong, in his youth.

Question 6.
Discussion about patriotic songs goes on. Find the points from the text.
Answer:
On the dark night while keeping a watch,the man sings patriotic songs to which the sergeant says, “Stop that that’s no song to be singing in these times”. The man then explains to the sergeant that he was only singing to keep his heart up. The sergeant sympathetically says, “Well, you can sing if it gives you more courage”.However, when the man continues to sing the sergeant corrects the lyrics. They also further discuss about ‘Granuaile’.

Question 7.
The sergeant’s reaction surprises the audience. Write your opinion. .
Answer:
In the begining of the play, the sergeant was loyal to the British Government. As the play unfolds we find that the man has successfully brought about a change in the mind of the sergeant. He has aroused patriotism in the sergeant. The sergeant now lets go the prisoner easily. This surprises the audience. The change from the loyal British sergeant into the man with patriotism in the mind is drastic and surprising for the readers.

Question 8.
The sergeant supports the man by misguiding his comrades. Write your views.
Answer:
The sergeant was the loyal British servant. He wanted to catch the escaped prisoner for a reward. As the play unfolded the man who introduced himself as a ballad singer brought about changes in the mind of the sergeant. During their discussion the man arouse patriotism in his mind and reminded him of his youth when he had joined a group of patriots. The sergeant was torn between his duty and his nation. But finally patriotism won and the sergeant helped the man to escape. He misguided his assistants in order to let the prisoner escape easily.

Glossary:

1. lonesome – lonely, without any company
2. quay – wooden or metal platform projecting into the water for loading and unloading of ships
3. sergeant – a police officer ranking below an inspector
4. placard – a sign for public display, either posted on the wall or carried during a demonstration
5. gaol – jail
6. kelp – a large brown seaweed that typically has long, tough stalk
7. assize – The court which sat at intervals in each country of England and Wales to administer the civil and
8. criminal law
9. plaid – a type of woolen cloth
10. shuffles – move/walk by dragging one’s feet
11. barrack – police accommodation
12. queer – strange
13. to keep one’s heart up – to keep oneself happy
14. tunic – a loose garment
15. pike – an infantry weapon with a pointed steel or iron head on a long wooden shaft.

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 4.1 History of English Drama Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 4.1 History of English Drama

11th English Digest Chapter 4.1 History of English Drama Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Name any four periods of History of British drama.

Question 1.
Name any four periods of History of British drama.
Answer:
The four periods of History of British drama are:

1. Medieval Period or Early Period (11th to 15th Century)
2. Renaissance Period (16th to 17th Century)
3. Restoration Period (1660 onwards)
4. Victorian Period (1837 to 1901)

2. List the four elements of drama.

Question 1.
List the four elements of drama.
Answer:
The four elements of drama are:

1. Plot
2. Characters
3. Theme
4. Stage directions

3. State a type of drama each from any four periods of history.

Question 1.
State a type of drama each from any four periods of history.
Answer:

1. (Morality) Medieval period – Everyman (1490)
2. (Comedy) Renaissance Period – A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1595)
3. (Tragedy) Restoration Period – All for Love (1677)
4. (19th Century Morality) Victorian Period – An Enemy of the People (1882)

4. Compare the features of comedy and tragedy.

Question 1.
Compare the features of comedy and tragedy.
Answer:

Comedy	Tragedy
1. Comedy is a humorous story with a happy ending.	1. A tragedy is a serious story with a sad ending.
2. Characters in comedy are ordinary people from day to day life.	2. Characters in tragedy are royal personages, extraordinary and with divine qualities.
3. Comedy reveals truth in humourous way.	3. Tragedy reveals truth in realistic way.
4. Comedy gives emotional relief through laughter. E.g. As You Like It, A Midsummer Night’s Dream	4. Tragedy brings purgation through arousing pity and fear in the mind of audience. E.g. Hamlet, King Lear…

5. State the difference between poetry and drama.

Question 1.
State the difference between poetry and drama.
Answer:

Drama	Poetry
1. Drama is a composition, normally in prose, telling a story and intended to be represented by actors imitating the characters and speaking the dialogue.	1. Poetry is a verse or a poetic presentation for recitation than performance.
2. Drama is presentation in acts and scenes and dialogues.	2. Poetry is presented in the form of stanzas and recited in rhyme and rhythm.
3. Drama is factual and realistic in its theme and message.	3. Poetry is imaginative and visualizes the experience or scenario.
4. Drama consists of a beginning, middle and end. It’s complete in itself. E.g. Pygmalion by Georgr Bernard Shaw.	4. Poetry doesn’t bother to be compact. It is beyond time, place and reason. E.g. Ozymandias by the poet P. B. Shelley.

6. State the difference between drama and novel.

Question 1.
State the difference between drama and novel.
Answer:

Drama	Novel
1. Drama is a composition, normally in prose, telling a story and intended to be represented by actors imitating the characters and speaking the dialogue.	1. Novel is written in basic prose style and it is only for armchair reading not for performance.
2. Drama is a presentation in acts and scenes and dialogues.	2. Novel is a presentation of the events in the form of paragraphs.
3. Drama is a performance, so the characters are the mouthpieces of the dramatists.	3. Novel is a prose narrative, so the narrator plays important role in describing the characters and their actions.
4. Dialogue is the most essential element of drama and is a greater exposure for the characters. E.g. As You Like It by Shakespeare.	4. Although novels sometimes have dialogues, it is not a necessary part of the structure like it is for drama. E.g. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen..

7. Define drama.

Question 1.
Define drama.
Answer:
Drama is a Greek word meaning ‘act’ or ‘deed’. The Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle used this term in a very influential treatise called the Poetics. In this text, Aristotle classified different forms of poetry according to basic features he thought could be commonly recognized in their composition.

8. Explain the term plot.

Question 1.
Explain the term plot.
Answer:
Plot is a logically developed chain of the events in a narrative. The events are arranged in such a way that the whole drama becomes an action. The plot of drama has six stages – Exposition, Conflict, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action and Denouement or Ending. In short, Aristotle called plot as ‘a complete action’ and it means a plot consists of beginning, middle and end. The plot of a drama may be simple or complex.

9. Differentiate between characters and characterization.

Question 1.
Differentiate between characters and characterization.
Answer:
A character is a person, an animal, or a supernatural power performing action drama or any literary work. The dramatists create the characters as per their intentions and needs. The characters which are used to represent a particular trait or quality are stock or static characters. The characters which change and have varied angle are called round or dynamic characters.

On the other hand, characterization is an art and the techniques a dramatist or a writer used to create and develop characters. The dramatists take every effort to bring the characters to life by establishing their relation with the characters. In short, characterization is the process through which the dramatists try to reveal the characters and their personal qualities.

10. Enlist a few reasons for watching a drama live on the stage.

Question 1.
Enlist a few reasons for watching a drama live on the stage.
Answer:
The reasons for watching a drama live on the stage are:

1. Live drama involves real people on real stage giving real experience to the audience.
2. It boosts our literary knowledge and develops our understanding of drama.
3. It has greater impact on our perspective towards life and helps to form objective approach.
4. It helps us to present our views and respect others views. It guides us to take proper decisions in life.
5. It gives direct purgation of our emotions and builds our confidence.

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 3.6 The Art of Compering Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.6 The Art of Compering

11th English Digest Chapter 3.6 The Art of Compering Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the given words and share with your friend what comes to your mind.
Answer:
Anchoring:
It requires absence of stage fright, presence of mind and confidence.
Compering:
It requires, confidence and knowledge and smartness to make quick changes.
Hosting Programmes:
He has to shoulder responsibility of everything needed for the programme including stage arrangement, seating arrangement, lighting arrangement, mike, etc.
Public Speaking:
It requires communication skill and fluency in language.

Question 2.
Discuss the essential qualities and also the precautions that a compere should take while compering a programme.

Answer:
Precaution to be taken:

1. A compere should keep the audience constantly engaged.
2. He should be confident enough to handle the last minute change in the formal programme.
3. He should take precaution to follow th protocol while anchoring the official programme.
4. He should always keep in mind that he is not the star of the programme but only an anchor.

(A1)

Question 1.
Imagine that you wish to organize a cultural event in your college. Prepare your own web chart to indicate the qualities that you expect to have in a compere.

Answer:

(A2)

Question (i)
Imagine that you are a compere of a prize distribution ceremony of your college. Write a script of the same. You can take help of the following points.
(a) Introduction
(b) Welcome speech
(c) Lighting the lamp
(d) Welcome song
(e) Main event
(f) Vote of thanks
Answer:
(a) Introduction: Honorable Chief Guest, respected Principal of the college, respected teachers and highly enthusiastic audience, I welcome one and all on behalf of our college.

(b) Welcome speech: Today, as we gather for the prize distribution ceremony, we are privileged to have Mr. Joy Joshi as the Guest of Honor. Mr. Joshi is a social worker and the Principal of New Era Art and Commerce College. I welcome Joshi sir on behalf the principal of our college. I request our Principal -to felicitate Joshi sir with a bouquet and a momentum as a token of respect.

(c) Lighting the lamp: To begin with our programme. I call upon our honorable Chief Guest Shri Joshi to light the traditional lamp. I also request all the dignitaries on the dais to join Joshi sir. Lighting of the traditional lamp symbolizes spread of knowledge. It leads us from darkness to light.

(d) Welcome song: Now I call upon the stage a group of students to recite the welcome song.
Thank you friends. It a nice presentation, we all enjoyed the song.

(e) Main event: Throughout the year, various co-curricular competitions were organised in college. It included music, dance, rangoli and elocution too. I request our Chief Guest to felicitate prize winning students. Let me begin the prize distribution ceremony by calling on stage Mukta Deo, the toper of the previous year. She secured 95% marks in the Board Examination. Congratulations to Mukta Deo.

Now, I call upon the stage Miss. Gauravi Khanna who stood first in the dance competition, Mr. Advait Kulkarni who bagged gold medal in inter-college swimming competition and Miss. Anahita More who stood first in inter-college singing competition.

It gives me immense sense of satisfaction the as we approach to the end of the programme. I feel honoured as many of my classmates and friends are honoured today. Friends, winning and losing is a part of game. What matters is participation in the event. Let’s again congratulate all the winners and the participants of all the contests. Let’s motivate them with a big round of applause for their journey towards progress. After all journey towards success begins with a single step.

Sincere thanks to Honourable Chief Guest Shri Joshi. Special thanks to our Vice Principal Mrs. Shreya Patil and teachers for organizing this programme, the audience for your presence. Your appreciation and motivation will help our friends in their journey towards success.

Thank You.

Question (ii)
Mass media events often need comperes. Find out the area or sector in which a compere is a must. Write about the special skills needed to take up compering as a career and give some clues about how to acquire these skills.
Answer:
Programmes like prize distribution ceremony, music concert, dance competition, need a compere. Special skills are required for compering such programme.
(a) A compere must have good communication skill. He/She must have knowledge of the subject while compering any music show. He/She must know about the song, the singer, the film to which the song belongs. He/She must know the lyrics and the meaning of the song too. Sometimes certain incidents are related with songs. A compere must know everything so that he can use the same while compering if needed.

(b) Attire of the compere must be suitable for the event and he should be able to carry the same comfortably.

(c) Confidence is the most important criteria for choosing the career in compering.

(d) A compere must be able to use variations in his voice particularly while narrating emotional incidents, patriotic songs, sad songs, etc.

(e) The body language should reflect enthusiasm and high level of positive attitude.

(f) Flexibility and cooperative nature are essential to make career in compering because anything can happen at the last minute during the event. A compere should be able to handle the situation skillfully without disturbing the already declared schedule. This requires management skills.

(g) Many times being multilingual is the requirement of the programme. It is necessary that a compere must have the knowledge of the regional and the national language.

(h) Presence of mind is required to add or omit the last minute entry or exit in the contest.

Every aspirant in compering must develop all these skills. He/She must inculcate the habit of reading, punctuality and practice. He/She should update himself daily with the latest compering techniques. Reading and accurate pronunciation play important role in grooming the personality of a compere. He/She should be interested in the fields like politics, sports, music, current affairs, entertainment, etc. The practice of all these can make his personality a versatile one.

(A3) Project:

Question 1.
Make a list of functions/events/programmes/activities organized in your junior college. Choose three events and plan a programme schedule of your own. Prepare a script as well to show the associating role of the compere for a particular event. Make your own sequence and design a template for the same.

Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 3.6 The Art of Compering Additional Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Imagine that you have to arrange a ‘Teachers’ Day Celebration’ programme in your college. Prepare a schedule of the programme.
Answer:

1. Introduction
2. Welcome speech
3. Lighting the lamp
4. Welcome song
5. Felicitation of the teachers
6. Principal’s speech
7. Speech of the Chief Guest
8. Vote of thanks

Glossary:

1. compering – act as compere (host)
2. ceremony – a celebration of an event, achievement or anniversary
3. elegance – graceful and stylish in appearance
4. confidence – the feeling of trust
5. voice modulation – control or adjustment of voice
6. language fluency – ability to speak or perform in a Language
7. bountiful – ample.

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 3.5 Film Review Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.5 Film Review

11th English Digest Chapter 3.5 Film Review Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the following conversation and complete the activities given below.

• Minnie: Exams are over. I feel so relaxed ! Let us plan something interesting.
• Ritu: What about a movie?
• Paddy: Great! Let’s go for “Aladdin”!
• Minnie: Oh, no! I have seen it. It has only a ‘one star’ rating.
• Ritu: How about that new release ummm….yes, “Harry Potter?
• Della: It is boring. I have read the review this morning. I don’t want to waste my time.
• Paddy: Wait, friends. I will check. Let’s decide later.

Question (i)
Choose the correct alternative from the following. From one star given to the movie we conclude that –
(a) The movie is very short.
(b) The movie is not worth watching.
(c) The movie is serious.
(d) The movie is in black and white.
Answer:
(b) The movie is not worth watching.

Question (ii)
Discuss how/why are ‘stars’ given to a movie.
Answer:
A star is a symbol of movie rating .It was in 1928 that a newspaper film critic Irene Thiner initiated the grading system on a scale of zero to three status. Star are given to a movie to know how good, bad or average a movie is.

Question (iii)
The word ‘Review’ is different from summarizing and appeal writing. Choose the correct statements of the following.
(a) Film review is an expression of your personal views towards a particular film, documentary or movie.
(b) A film review gives you an opportunity to express opinions about the movie, including its characters, plot and background.
(c) A film review gives appealing sentences that make your reader curious or anxious about the film.
(d) A review means explanation of each and every event of the film.
Answer:
(a) Film review is an expression of your personal views towards a particular film, documentary or movie,
(b) A film review gives you an opportunity to express opinions about the movie, including its characters, plot and background.

(A1)

Question (i)
Every movie is worth critiquing. Describe in detail each point related with the film review with the help of the following web.

Answer:
Film Review : Dangal

Genre: Dangal is the most inspiring and entertaining movie. The film also makes strong feminist statement showing girls at par with boys.

Script Writer: Script of the movie ‘Dangal’ is written by Nitesh Tiwari who has been successful in creating the interest of the audience not only in the story of the film but also in the sport of wrestling.

Direction: The direction is also done by Nitesh Tiwari. He won the Filmfare award for the Best Director, 2017 for Dangal.

Producer : The film is produced by the renowned actor Amir Khan. Kiran Rao and Siddharth Roy Kapoor.

Acting : Amir Khan played the role of Mahavir Singh Phogat and Sakshi Tanwar played the role of the wife of Mahavir Singh Phogat. Zaira Wasim and Fatima played the role of Geeta and Sanya Malhotra and – Suhani Bhatnagar played the role of Babita Phogat. Aparshakti Khurrana and Rutvik Sahora played the role of Omkar, the nephew of Mahavir Singh Phogat. A negative role is played by Girish Kulkarni, the coach of Geeta Phogat and Babita Phogat.

It is wonderful to see Amir Khan as Mahavir Singh Phogat on a big screen. His appearance as the father of his daughters, their coach, guide and strong supporter till the end touches the audience emotionally.

Music and Sound: Music director Pritam and lyricist Amitabh Bhattacharya smartly themed their music. Some of the songs evoke the innocence of every viewer.

Cinematography: The cinematographer of the movie is Sethu Sriram. (Satyajit Anand). He presented a senario of an authentic and real wrestling matches that kept the audience spell bound till Geeta Phogat the daughter of Mahavir Singh Phogat bags gold medal for the Nation.

Plot Analysis: The film Dangal focuses on the continuous efforts of Mahavir Singh Phogat and his daughters to realize the dream. Struggle of the daughters Geeta and Babita and their hard work are the main stroyline of the movie. Mahavir Singh Phogat the wrestling champion was forced to give up wrestling for better employment. He was highly discouraged because he wanted to win a Gold for the nation. He thought that his unborn son would do it. However, Mahavir Singh due to the birth of his daughters, loses hope of bagging gold medal yet, keeps his decision of training the daughters in wrestling.

Continuous and regular training make the daughters wrestlers. After defeating the boys in the village, Mahavir decides to admit the daughters in National Sports Academy. Discouraged due to different techniques taught there, Mahavir decides to train daughters personally. The coach decides to ban the daughters from playing wrestling but Mahavir Singh manages and the daughters continue to receive training in the academy. Inspite of many problems Mahavir provides training to his girls by watching videos of the matches played by the daughters.

The jealous coach locks Mahavir Singh in a room during the final match played by his daughter. Frustrated Mahavir stands up joyfully to hear the Indian National Anthem. Finally, the daughters bring smile on the face of Mahavir Singh Phogat. The cooperation of the daughters during their hard training, sacrificing small joys of life, overcoming every obstacle in the way is presented in a perfect manner.

Message: “Believe in Yourself’ and “Work hard till you achieve your Goal”. The film also arouses social cause of treating girls and boys equally.

Question (ii)
Discuss and explain the movie ‘The Jungle Book’ with the help of the following points.
(a) Classic elements
(b) Fantasy
(c) Photorealism
(d) Blending of emotions
Answer:
Rudyard Kipling, created an intense world with a description of the jungle and creatures living in it using his concept, Disney made the classic tale of Mowgli into film, wherein, Mowgli became the central character. It is interesting to watch the story of a boy after his fathers death is discovered by Bagheera, the black panther. A pack of wolves and Raksha are the boy’s caretakers. Mowgli’s jump, swinging from tree to tree, other live animals, running scenes are perfectly presented to make the audience believe about Mowgli’s inclination towards behaving like animals.

Sher Khan’s unsympathetic behaviour towards Mowgli and Mowgli’s decision to search human beings like him brings about acceptable twist in the story. Blood curdling incident of Kaa’s hypnotising attack on Mowgli is presented in a wonderful manner. Thus the movie ‘The Jungle Book’ takes the audience into a world of fantasy. There is a perfect blend of emotions which is brought by presenting Mowgli’s relation with the fatherfigure Bagheera, motherly Raksha, friendly pack of wolves. The film is also an incredible visual treat – with only one human character, introduction of various species of animals. The movie is interesting to watch and is highly recommended.

Question (iii)
‘It all builds on the charm of the 1967 film, which by itself is a must watch for any child.’
Explain the sentence in the context of the movie, focusing on the two given phrases ‘Charm of the 1967 film’ and a ‘must watch’.
Answer:
The year 1967 is considered to be very crucial in the film industry. It is the time when many revolutionary films were produced. New themes were introduced and very different stories were brought about. ‘An Introduction of the World of Fantasy’ is one them.

The Jungle Book is a perfect movie which easily takes the audience into the world of fantasy in a unique way. Though the mind does not believe on the story of Mowgli, him being handled safely by the wild animals, heart is made to believe the same. This is perfectly brought about by Jon Favreau in ‘The Jungle book.’ Thus the movie is really a charm of 1967 which is a must watch for all generations to come.

(A2)

Question (i)
Complete the following sentences.
Answer:
The factors that have made ‘The Jungle Book’ a great movie are –
(a) It is a fantasy world of wonder.
(b) The effective animation and presentation of the wildlife make the movie interesting.
(c) The story of the movie is unique.
(d) The film is a perfect blend of human emotions and a journey in the world of fantasy.

Question (ii)
The present review concludes with two words ‘Heartwarming and Enjoyable’. Write your opinion in about 100 to 150 words.
Answer:
The Jungle Book is a unique combination of Rudyard Kipling’s story and Favreau’s direction. It is an awesome experience to watch the same on the big screen. Presence of the orphan boy Mowgli in the forest, his interaction with wild animals, their love and care towards him, emotionally keeps the audience glued to the screen. The perfect landscaping and setting delves the audience into the world of the jungle throughout the movie. Mowgli’s behaviour following the laws of the Jungle, the supersized orangutan, dangerous python, Mowgli’s learning of practical wisdom from Bagheera the father figure, make it a wonderful experience to watch. Thus the movie is heartwarming and enjoyable.

(A3)

Question (i)
‘Narnia’ (Part 1, 2, 3, 4) is a film about four children who find a path to Narnia. Discuss the special effects and direction. Write a review with the help of the following points in about 100-150 words.
(a) Storyline
(b) Producer
(c) Director
(d) Music Director
(e) Characters / Casting
(d) Setting / Location
(f) Conflict
(g) Message
(i) Significance of the title
Answer:
‘Narnia’ potrays the history of Narnia, an imaginary world of fantasy and magic from its creation to its destruction. The movies, directed by Andrew Adamson (first two parts), Michael Apted (third partjand Joe Johnstaone (fourth parts) is based on C. S. Lewis’s series of novel. ‘The Chronicles of Narnia’.The movie revolves around the adventures of Pevensie siblings, Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy who are sent away to a safe place during the world war.

While playing hide and seek, they discover the magical wardrobe which on opening, takes them to the enchanted island of Narnia. The beautiful cinematography and performance of the children, world of fantasy and magic, speaking animals is an awesome experience to watch. The separation of the children from their mother, death of some animals, witches yelling,etc., are presented in a perfect way that brings tears rolling down from the audience’s eyes.

The basic conflict of the movies is the conflict between good and evil. Each part of the movie has slight different representation. Yet, they potray a single message of triumph of good over evil. The real success of the him is not only touching the heart of the audience but also making them believe in the world of imagination and fantasy. The cinematography and animation are so skillful that the animals look real. The him enlightens the audience by opening the doors of a new world of imagination. The movie teaches the audience beautiful special effects and sound, adventure, unity and sacrihce for each other.

(A4)

Question (i)
Form groups and try to write a script for a short him or documentary on any topic of your choice. The script must develop properly. You can take help of the following points.

• choose a topic
• central theme
• the beginning, the middle and the end
• the message

Answer:
[Students are expected to attempt this question on their own.]

Question (ii)
Form groups and use the ICT lab of your Junior College to make a shorthlm on the script that you have prepared. There are several soft-wares that can be used for editing. You can take professional help. One can upload his/her him on mediums like Youtube and submit the link to the subject teacher.
Answer:
[Students are expected to attempt this question on their own.]

Question (iii)
There are ample career opportunities in him making and producing hlms.
The following professions require different professional skills,write them accordingly.
table
‘The story of the movie decides it’s success’. Comment.
Answer:
The story is the heart of a play/film. The music, direction, cinematography, special effects are made to relate to the story. It is the story of the movie which makes the audience spellbound. The story always has a message to the audience. It is the story that helps the audience specially the youngsters, to imagine, to learn, to create interest in the world around, to get inspired and to think. Cinematography, music, animation, etc., give a wonderful experience to watch any movie on the big screen. All these revolve round the central theme ‘the story’ of the movie.

Question 5.
You must have heard about Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune. It is India’s top media Institute. It plays an important role in providing talent to commercial cinema, TV and web serials. Browse the internet and find information about other institutes in India and abroad.
Answer:
[Students are expected to attempt this question on their own.]

Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 3.5 Film Review Additional Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the steps and stages in review writing?
Answer:
A film critic is an article containing analysis and evaluation of a film, While writing a review about a film, a writer has to consider various things. A film critic should write about the relevance of the title, storyline and producer. He should write about the type of film, its director and the cast.

A film critic should write about various events, cinematography, set design, music, plot, characters and message given through the film. He/She should write about the sequence of the events according to its importance. Lastly, he/she should suggest to edit or add the title or content according to its necessity.

Question 2.
What are the aspect of the review?
Answer:
Film review is an analysis or evaluation of a film from the viewer’s point. Various aspect of review are the genre, plot analysis, characterization, cinematography, music, production and direction, plot, message given in the film (moral), sound, set designs and location.

Question 3.
What are the precautions to be taken while writing a film?
Answer:
Film review is an analysis or evaluation of a film from the viewer’s point. Precausions should be taken while writing a review of a film. A review should create curiosity about the movie but not discourage the reader. While commenting on the film dealing with social issues, the writer should not hurt the feelings of people. Critic should express opinion about the film.

A personal attack on any actor, producer, director should be avoided. A review writer should have knowledge of various aspect of editing and cinematography. He should avoid commenting on religious beliefs. While penning down the thoughts, a review writer should be careful about religious sentiments.

Glossary:

1. photorealism – detail description of
2. resourcefulness – ability to overcome difficulties
3. relevance – appropriate
4. genre – style or category of art/music/literature
5. cinematography – the art of photography and camera work in film-making
6. characterization – the creation of a fictional character
7. plot – the main events of a play/novel/film.

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 3.4 Interview Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 Interview

11th English Digest Chapter 3.4 Interview Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1
Complete the following web diagram

Answer:

Question 2.
Given below are the prerequisites of an interview. Fill up the boxes with suitable actions to be undertaken with reference to the given points.

Answer:

(A1)

Question (i)
Complete the following statements with the help of the text.
Answer:
To learn about meditation you have to see how vour mind is working.
Watch your thinking. Do not correct vour thoughts. Do not supress vour thinking.
Begin to learn, to observe. Just watch thoughts. Do not move vour eyeballs.

(ii) Identify the incorrect statement from the following and correct them.

Question (a)
One wants others to change
Answer:
Correct

Question (b)
One can get rid of being ordinary
Answer:
Incorrect
Corrected Statement: One can get rid of being ordinary; not being ordinary.

Question (c)
Understanding the nature of greed does not ensure freedom from greed.
Answer:
Incorrect
Corrected Statement: Understanding the nature of greed ensures freedom from greed.

Question (d)
Learning is a finite process.
Answer:
Incorrect
Corrected Statement: Learning is an infinite process.

(A2)

Question (i)
Is an educated person the same as a degree holder? Make a list of the behaviours in educated people that you find unacceptable.
Answer:

1. Throwing garbage along the roadside.
2. Careless use of water, electricity and other natural resources.
3. Waste of food.
4. Careless use of public ammenities.
5. Not following traffic rules.

(ii) Suggest what would you do in the following situations:

Question (i)
Your close friend has been using a fake social media account to play prank on others and is not ready to stop in spite of several attempts by you.
Answer:
I would tell him the consequences of his behaviour. I would divert his mind towards some creative activities. I would tell him to focus on his hobby or any other creative work.

Question (ii)
You are going through a crisis that is making you short tempered and impatient, due to which you end up causing harm to your family and friends. They have started complaining about it quite often.
Answer:
I would try to solve my own problems and in case it is not possible I would take someone’s (my family members or near and dear one’s) help to solve it. I would control my anger and would meditate daily. I would focus on the positive things near me and try to learn time management and develop perseverance. This would help to repair my relation with my near and dear ones.

Question (iii)
One particular friend of yours is always late for college, social functions, movies etc, and delays everyone.
Answer:
I would tell him that time is precious, and all of us have time constraints. I would also tell him the benefits of doing things in time.

Question (iv)
You realise that you no longer want to pursue your studies in the stream you have selected.
Answer:
At first I would focus on the interesting areas in the same stream and try to get acquainted with it. I would explore in the same stream again. In spite of the efforts I have taken, if it does not work, I would go for the other stream with the help of an expert’s advice.

(A3)

Question (i)
Consult the thesaurus and note down synonyms for ordinary. Use the words in your own sentences.
Answer:
Ordinary – Banal, normal, common
(a) Ordinary – Her gown was too ordinary for the ceremony.
(b) Banal – He finds geometric problems very banal.
(c) Normal – I expected to be home at my normal time.
(d) Common – Maaz and Raj do not talk much as they do not share a common language.

Question (ii)
Find the meanings of the following words and use them in your own sentences.
Answer:
(a) Trite – meaning: lacking originality
sentence: Sometimes we do come across many trite sayings/poems, but they are still quite interesting,
(b) Routine – meaning: regular, usual
sentence: That was my mother’s routine check-up.
(c) Cliched – meaning: a remark that is made often
sentence: This may round cliched, hut this is the truth you have to bear with,
(d) Regular – meaning: everyday
sentence: Exercise should be practised on a regular basis.

Question (iii)
Complete the table.
Answer:

The world around you	what we should aim to be
Callous	caring for people, environment, and life
Violent	calm, unagressive behaviour, serene
Greedy	helpful by nature, charitable and generous
Corrupt	Honest in behaviour, ethical and virtuous

Question (iv)
Note down ways in which you can make your life less ordinary in terms of –
Answer:
(a) Utilisation of time: Everyone is alloted the same time of 24 hrs in a day. I will set small goals and achieve the same in a particular time. I will utilize the saved time for my (own development)/personality development and for any social coause. In this way I will utilize my time to the fullest.

(b) Pursuing goals other than the material goals: Pursuing good and healthy life or any spiritual goal is more important than material goal. I would set goals for pursuing it. For my spiritual growth I would learn and practice yoga and meditation. For pursuing healthy life I will practise healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, maintenance of hygiene.

(c) Nurturing relationships : I have good relation with my family members, neighbours and relatives. I will not only maintain but also develop it. I will always spend some time with them, respect their thoughts, feelings and take their care. I would always help them in their need.

(d) Being a better human being: In order to be a better human being I will develop the habit of helping others, honesty, open mindedness, positive attitude, punctuality and many other. At the same time I will keep myself always away from bad company, laziness, hatred, greed. I will always help the poor and the needy, respect my parents and teachers, elderly relatives and neighbours. I will use natural resources, water, electricity, public amenities judiciously. By planting trees, I would also contribute in reducing global warming.

(A4)

Question 1.
Place the given areas of question from the list in the appropriate columns.

• Future plans
• Inspiration
• Overcoming hurdles/ struggle
• Coach/ mentor/ guide/ teacher
• Message for the youngsters
• Family support
• Alternate career choice
• First or maiden award / achievement / success / setbacks
• Turning point in life / success formula / technique

Answer:

Section of the Interview	Aspects to be covered
1. Introduction	Welcoming / Greeting, Introduction of the guest/occasion.
2. Opening questions	Inspiration
3. Main body	Coach, guide, mentor, teacher Overcoming hurdles, struggle Family support First award, achievement, success, setbacks Alternate career choice [memorable incident] Turning point, success formula, technique
4. Concluding	Message for the youngsters and future plans
5. Summing up	Concluding statement, Expressing gratitude.

Question (ii)
‘Once you begin to learn there is no end to learning’. Write your views on this statement.
Answer:
A person is a student throughout his life. When a child is born he learns to crawl, walk, run. In the school he learns various subjects along with sportsmanship, helping others nature, caring and sharing. He practises all of it in his life. There are many life skills too which man learns. It being a need of time throughout his life, one actually goes on learning various new things knowingly or unknowingly. Knowledge has no end.

Question (iii)
You are a class representive and you are assigned by the Principal of your college, to conduct an interview of a leading personality in a particular field. You have to conduct the interview
with the help of the points in the table provided above.
Answer:
Interview of Sachin Tendulkar.
[Sachin Tendulkar was invited as a Chief Guest for the prize distribution ceremony in our college. I was privileged to interview him.]

Student: Good morning sir. I welcome you in our college. It’s my privilege to interview a great youth icon like you. First I would like to ask you about your career.
When did you begin to play?
Sachin: Actually I started in my early childhood, when I was just 5 years. Then I started playing in my society. Following regular practice, a day came when I was selected in the Indian Cricket Team.
Student: Who inspired you to play cricket ?
Sachin: Initially my father was my inspiration. He was the one who inspired me to play cricket for our nation. At that moment I made a promise to myself that I will play for my nation. My elder brothers also inspired me. while playing and learning Cricket. Sunil Gavaskar, Kapil Dev and many others inspired me a lot. I did study many techniques and learnt a lot from them.
Student: What role did your coach play in your life?
Sachin: He actually shaped my life. It is because of his inspiration and guidance I could succeed. He is my guru in real sense.
Student: Can you share a memorable incident from your life?
Sachin: Actually there are many. The first is my selection in the Indian Cricket Team and the day. I got Bharatratna are the two most cherished moments of my life.
Student: How did your family members support you in this colourful journey?
Sachin: I owe a lot to my family. My parents, my brothers have always been a source of inspiration in my journey till today. I remember the days when I was too young to travel alone and the cricket ground was far away from my house. My Father would accompany me. He would wait for me till my practice got over. Not only that, even today they all are my strong support. Sometimes certain incidents would make me nervous. My brothers would encourage me. My mother always taught me to look at the positive side of life. I could overcome every obstacle in my life only because of their strong support.
Student: How did you become successful in this field?
Sachin: Hard work is the only keynote to success. I strongly believe that you can achieve anything in your life if you work hard. Sincerity an a whole hearted devotion is must. For me satisfaction matters more than success. I did not play cricket to become a hero. I played because it gave me immense joy and satisfaction. These is no short cut to success. If you follow the path of sincerity, honesty, hard work, devotion and focus towards achieving your goal. Success automatically follows you.

Student: What message would you like to give to the strugglers who wish to make career in cricket? Sachin: Now-a-days, I see many children who wish to make career in Cricket. I would suggest them to follow their heart. Practise regularly in such a way that it should be your passion. Ultimately what you give will come back a thousand times.

Set a goal which should be high and run after it till you achieve it. This is not just for Cricket but anything that you wish to achieve Swami Vivekanand said “Awake, arise and stop not till you achieve your dream”. Follow this from your heart and see that your dreams come true.
Student: What are your future plans?
Sachin: Actually I have taken formal retirement from Cricket. But this does not mean that I have stopped playing Cricket. I do play almost daily. I am planing to guide the freshers. Cricket as you know is my passion and I will never stop playing it.
Student: Sir, the youngsters, specially the Cricket aspirant will surely follow your advice. I thank you very much for your valuable guidance and for sparing your time for us.

(A5)

Question (i)
‘Live as if you were to die tomorrow, learn as if you were to live forever’ Mahatma Gandhi. Collect some quotes on education by famous thinkers.
Answer:
An investment in knowledge pays the best investment’ – Benjamin Franklin
Education is the passport to the future for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today- Malcolm X. Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the would. Nelson Mandela Education is the ability to meet life’s situation – Dr John G Hibbenad

Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 3.4 Interview Additional Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Prepare a list of questions to be asked while interviewing a jawan from Indian Army.
Answer:

1. When did you join Indian Army?
2. How did you prepare yourself for selection in Indian Army?
3. Where were you posted while in Indian Army?
4. How do you protect yourself while doing duty where there is an extreme weather ?
5. How do you prepare yourself while going on a mission ?
6. How did your family members support you when you joined Army?
7. Can you share any memorable incident from your life?
8. What message would you like to give the youngsters struggling to get selected in Indian Army?
9. what message would you give to the countrymen?

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 3.3 E-mails Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 3.3 E-mails

11th English Digest Chapter 3.3 E-mails Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
There are different kinds of communication. Write some of them to complete the given boxes. Discuss the importance of each one of them with your partner.

Answer:

Question 2.
Dos and Don’ts for Email Etiquettes. Discuss and add one or two Dos and Don’ts on your own”.
Answer:

Dos	Don’ts
1. Have a clear subject line.	Don’t forget your signature.
2. Use a professional salutation.	Don’t use humour and sarcasm.
3. Recheck your e-mail.	Don’t assume the recipient knows what you are talking about.
4. Keep private material confidential.	Don’t punctuate poorly.
5. Keep your email short and flawless. Stay concise.	Don’t hit ‘Reply AH’.
6. Check your attachments before sending.	Don’t think that no one but the intended recipient will see your email. (No predictions)
7. Include your name or a signature with additional details and contact information.	Don’t forward email without permission.
8. Make use of ‘Bcc’ to e-mail a team.	Don’t make use of emoticons while sending professional e-mails.
9. Make sure to send a reply to all e-mails received.	Avoid replying while you are in an angry or unpleasant mood.

(A1)

Question 1.
Write an e-mail to your friend who has not contacted you for a long time. Use the hints/language support from the text to compose your e-mail.
Answer:
To: abc@xyz.com
Subject:
Dear /(Name),

How have you been? It has been a while since we last had a conversation. If I am not wrong, it has been more than a year or two. I hope things are going well with you.

I was going through some old albums that I found yesterday while cleaning the cupboard. I also came across a photo, which we had taken with the monkeys. I clearly picturised the scene of the past days when my uncle made the two of us sit between the monkeys. Oh how frightened were we!

My nostalgic trip made me wonder what are you upto. I remember the last time when you e-mailed me you told me about the job markets declining in New Zealand. Let me know if everything is well at your end.

I have attached some pictures; have a look. I will be waiting to hear back from you.

All the best and take care.
(Name)

(A2)

Question (i)
Browse through the net and find out various types of emails and their formats.
Answer:
[Students are expected to attempt this question on their own.]

Question (ii)
Create your email account on any one of the email service providers (gmail, yahoo, rediff) and send at least 3/4 emails to your contacts.
Answer:
[Students are expected to attempt this question on their own.]

(A3)

Question 1.
Prepare a CV/Resume of your own.
Answer:
(FULL NAME)
Address: ( )
Contact: +91 ; E-mail: ( )
Nationality: Indian; Date of Birth:
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT/SECRETARY

Profile

• Result-driven professional with two years of experience in administrative support.
• Expertise in managing operational needs, reporting, communicating status updates, travel booking, etc.
• Strong exposure of working in a team for promoting smooth operations of the organization.
• Excellent written and verbal communication with interpersonal skills.
• Exceptionally well organized, self-motivated, committed and perpetual inclination to learn.

Key Skills

• Administration skills
• Record management
• Report generation
• Communication skills
• Time Management

Work Experience

XXX Pvt. Ltd.
SINCE DEC 2017
Secretary

• Responsible for maintaining day-to-day operations and maintaining daily checklists.
• Answering or referring queries.
• Maintaining documents, presentations, spreadsheets, databases, etc.
• Maintaining confidential files, preparing reports, etc.
• Arranging appointments, meetings, conferences, travel, etc.

Education

• Bachelor of Commerce, XYZ University
• Certificate course on Secretarial Practice
• Computer skills: MS Office Suite (Word, Excel, Powerpoint)

Languages known: English, Hindi and Marathi

Yuvakbharati English 11th Digest Chapter 3.3 E-mails Additional Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The State Government of Maharashtra has decided to take strict measures on the hawkers’s encroachment on roads. Draft an e-mail to the editor of a local daily expressing your concern for the jobless hawkers.
Answer:
To:
Subject: Hawker’s dilemma

Dear Madam,
This is to bring to your notice the strict measures that has been taken by the Deputy Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai against the hawkers encroaching on roads of Mumbai.

The President of the hawkers’ union has said that due to Municipal action, many hawkers have become jobless and are likely to indulge in criminal activities. As citizens of Mumbai, we are fed up with the hawkers’ encroachment on roads. But there is some point in what the hawkers’ president says.

Our authorities should provide alternative accommodation to the hawkers. If after providing accommodation, the hawkers occupy the footpaths, they should be punished.

As a concerned citizen, I appeal to the Municipal Commissioner, through your daily, to give the matter a second thought.
Thanks and Regards,
XYZ
982XXXXXXX