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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Environmental Management Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Environmental Management

Class 9 Science Chapter 9 Environmental Management Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Match the items in column ‘A’ with the proper ones in coloum ‘B’ and explain their impact on the environment.

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Harmful waste – a. Glass, rubber, carry bags, etc.
2. Domestic waste – b. Chemicals, pigments, ash, etc.
3. Biomedical waste – c. Radioactive material
4. Industrial waste – d. Left over food, vegetables, peelings of fruits.
5. Urban waste – e. Bandages, cotton, needles, etc.
Answer:
(1 – c),
(2 – d),
(3 – e),
(4 – b),
(5 – a)

2. Complete the statements using the given options and justify those statements. (Geographic favourability, climate, weather, observatory)

a. Of the abiotic factors that affect biodiversity by far the most important is ……………… .
Answer:
Climate.
Climate influences our basic needs like food, clothing and shelter as well as our occupations. Various factors of climate like temperature, atmospheric pressure, sunlight, rainfall, humidity etc. will decide which kind of plants and animals can survive there.

b. A description of the climatic conditions of short duration in a particular area is ……………… .
Answer:
Weather.
Atmospheric conditions at a specific time at a particular place are referred to as weather. Weather is related to a specific location and specific time whereas climate is related to a longer duration and larger area.

c. Irrespective of the progress of human beings, we have to think about ……………… .
Answer:
Geographical favourability.
Geographical favourability includes location, availability of water, availability of natural resources and climate of a region. This has a great impact on the progress of human beings. Countries that have more favourable factors will progress more.

d. Establishments where various climatic factors are recorded are called ……………… .
Answer:
Observatories
Most countries in the world have established meteorology departments for recording climatic factors. These departments have observatories which are equipped with modern instruments and technology.

3. Answer the following questions.

a. How is first aid provided to victims of disasters who are injured?
Answer:
(i) Bleeding: If the victim is injured and bleeding through the wound, the wound should be covered with an antiseptic pad and pressure applied on it for 5 minutes with either thumb or palm.

Fracture and impact on vertebrae: If any bone is fractured, it is essential that the fractured part be immobilized. It can be done with the help of any available wooden rods / batons / rulers. If there is an impact on the back or vertebral column; the patient should be kept immobile on a firm stretcher.

Bums: If victims have bum injuries, it is beneficial to hold the injured part under clean and cold flowing water for at least 10 minutes. How is Solid Waste classified? OR What are the sources of Solid Waste?

Domestic waste: Waste food, paper, plastic paper, plastic bags, vegetable waste, fruit skins, glass and sheet metal articles, etc.

Industrial waste: Chemicals, pigments, sludge, ash, metals, etc.

Hazardous waste: Chemicals generated in various industries, radioactive materials, explosives, infectious materials, etc. Farm/Garden waste: Leaves, flowers, branches of trees, crop residues like straw, animal urine and dung, pesticides, remains of various chemicals and fertilizers, etc.

Electronic waste: Non-functional TV sets, cell phones, music systems, computers and their parts, etc.

Biomedical waste: Bandages, dressings, gloves, needles, saline bottles, medicines, medicine bottles, test tubes, body parts, blood, etc. from clinics, hospitals, blood banks and laboratories. Urban waste: Waste generated through household industries and large commercial and industrial establishments, carry bags, glass, metal pieces and rods, threads, rubber, paper, cans from shops, vegetable and meat markets, construction waste, etc.

(viii) Radioactive waste: Radioactive materials like Strontium-10, Cerium-141, Barium-140 and heavy water, etc. generated from atomic energy plants, uranium mines, atomic research centres, nuclear weapons testing sites, etc.
(ix) Mining waste: Remains of heavy metals like lead, arsenic, cadmium, etc. from mines.

b. State the scientific and eco-friendly methods of waste management.
Answer:
Following are the scientific and eco-friendly methods of waste management:

• Waste separation: In this method, dry and wet wastes are separated, stored and later collected for proper use.
• Composting: Decomposition of degradable kitchen waste in small pits in the backyard, garden or terrace is called composting. Good quality manure can be produced by composting leftover food, peels of fruits, vegetables etc.
• Vermicomposting: Converting solid waste into manure or compost with the help of earthworms is called vermicomposting.
• Vermicompost manure is highly nutritious and can be used for agricultural purposes and garden plants.
• Secured landfill: Solid waste is disposed off in secured landfills.
• The site for secured landfill is selected minimum 2 km away from water bodies and human habitation.
• Care is taken to see that the site does not fall in sensitive zone.
• The landfills are layered with clay and plastic and then the garbage is spread and left to decompose naturally.
• Pyrolysis: In this method, the waste is heated to a high temperature to obtain gas and electricity.
• Semi-combustible waste is burnt in pyrolysis. It is suitable for municipal solid waste management.
• Incineration: Biomedical waste is burnt in incinerators to kill the pathogens. Disinfection and sterilization is also done while treating the biomedical waste.

c. Explain with suitable examples, the relationship between weather forecasting and disaster management.
Answer:

1. Depending upon the factors such as storms, clouds, rainfall, etc., weather forecasts are made. It is useful in aviation, shipping, fishing, industries as well as during natural calamities like dust storms, sand storms, heavy rainfall, tsunami etc where proper predictions are made with well equipped satellites and highclass technology.
2. Observatories at several locations are doing excellent work in the analysis of the information received from these satellites.
3. This data can be used in prevention of losses and danger, improving tolerance, providing relief from disaster, minimising the intensity and extent of harm as well as preparation to face the disaster.

d. Why is e-waste harmful? Express your opinion about this.
Answer:

• e-waste is electronic waste which includes non-functional TV Sets, cell phones, music systems, computers and their parts, etc.
• E-waste contains heavy metals like lead, beryllium, mercury and cadmium.
• These metals accumulate in the soil for long periods and thus affect the biodiversity of the soil.
• Many a times e-waste like battery etc. contain acids which make the soil acidic.
• e-waste can cause ground water pollution, which also affects living organisms when they drink this polluted water.
• Thus, e-waste affects human health and soil microorganisms directly or indirectly.

e. How will you register individual your participation in solid waste management?
Answer:
We can register our individual participation in solid waste management in the following ways:

• Following the 3R mantra: Reduce (reducing the waste), reuse (reuse of waste) and recycle (recycling of waste).
• Throwing plastic wrappers of chocolates, ice-creams, biscuits, etc. into dust bins. Avoid littering.
• Avoiding the use of plastic bags and instead using cloth bags or bags prepared from old sarees, bed-sheets, curtains, etc.
• Using both sides of a paper for writing. Reusing greeting cards and gift papers.
• Avoiding use of tissue paper and preferring to use one’s own handkerchief.
• Using rechargeable batteries instead of lead batteries.
• Implementing various programmes of solid waste management and educating, encouraging the family and society in this regard.
• Avoiding ‘use and throw’ type of articles like pens, canned cold drinks and tetra-packs etc.

4. Write notes.
Meteorology, Climatic factors, Monsoon model, Industrial waste, Plastic waste, Principles of first aid.

5. Give examples of the importance of climate in the living world with explanations, in your own words.
Answer:

1. Daily weather as also long term climatic conditions influence human lifestyle directly or indirectly.
2. Land, water bodies, plants and animals collectively form the natural environment on earth. This environment is responsible for the development of organisms.
3. The climate of a particular region helps to determine the diet, clothing, housing, occupations and lifestyle of the people of that region. For example, the characteristic lifestyle of Kashmiri and Rajasthani people.
4. Salinity of marine water, formation of oceanic currents, water cycle, etc. are all related to various weather and climatic factors.
5. Various climatic factors bring about the weathering of rocks in the earth’s crust.
6. Climate plays a very important role in the formation and enrichment of soil.
7. Microbes in the soil play an important role in formation of organic materials. This process depends upon various climatic factors.

6. Explain with suitable examples, the care to be taken when using the methods of transporting patients.
Answer:

• Cradle Method: This method is used for children and under-weight victims.
• Carrying piggy back: This method is used for carrying patients who are unconscious.
• Human crutch method: If one of the legs is injured, the victim should be supported with minimum load on the other leg.
• Pulling or lifting method: This method is used for carrying an unconscious patient, through a short distance.
• Carrying on four-hand chair: This method is used when support is needed for the part below the waist.
• Carrying on two-hand chair: This method is useful for those patients who cannot use their hands but can hold their body upright.
• Stretcher: In an emergency, if a conventional stretcher is not available, then a temporary stretcher can be made using bamboo, blanket, etc.

7. Explain the differences.

a. Weather and climate
Answer:

Weather		Climate
(i)	Atmospheric conditions at a specific time at a particular place are referred to as weather.	(i)	The climate of a particular region is the average of daily readings of various weather-related parameters recorded for several years.
(ii)	Weather can change continuously.	(ii)	Climate remains constant in a region for a long duration.
(iii)	Weather is related to a specific location and specific time.	(iii)	Climate is related to a longer duration and larger area.
(iv)	Changes in the weather may occur for short periods of time.	(iv)	Changes in the climate take place slowly over a much long duration.

b. Degradable and non-degradable waste
Answer:

Degradable Waste		Non-degradable Waste
(i)	This type of waste is easily degraded by microbes.	(i)	This type of waste is not easily degraded by microbes because it takes a very long period of time and the use of various techniques.
(ii)	It includes kitchen waste (spoiled food, fruits, vegetables), ash, soil, dung, parts of the plants etc.	(ii)	It includes plastic, metal and other similar materials.
(iii)	It is also called wet solid waste or wet garbage.	(iii)	It is also called dry solid waste or dry garbage.
(iv)	If it is carefully decomposed, we can obtain compost and fuel of good quality from it.	(iv)	It can be recycled.

Class 9 Science Chapter 9 Environmental Management Intext Questions and Answers

Can you recall?

Environmental Management Class 9 Question 1.
Which natural calamities have you experienced? How did they affect the conditions in your surroundings?
Answer:
In July 2005, heavy rains caused flooding in many parts of Maharashtra including large areas of Mumbai.

They effects were as follows.

• Many people lost life.
• There was water clogging in most parts causing severe damage to private property and public property.
• Hospitals were submerged causing severe inconvenience to patients.
• The city incurred huge financial loss.

Environmental Management Class 9 Exercise  Question 2.
How will you make a plan to be safe from calamities or to minimize the damage?
Answer:

1. As a responsible citizen we can contribute by educating the people about all the precautions to be taken when such a calamity occurs.
2. We can also contribute by minimizing the occurrence of natural calamity like flood by taking measure to reduce land pollution, proper disposing waste material and recycling them.
3. We can plan to be safe by keeping the following things handy-torch, first-aid kit, ample food supply and water storage, emergency numbers list and extra pair of clothes.

Thus by taking appropriate measures, we can be safe from calamities

Class 9 Science Chapter 9 Environmental Management  Question 3.
How does the atmosphere affect our daily life?
Answer:
The atmosphere affect our daily life in following ways

• If protects us from harmfull radiations of sun.
• Atmosphere helps to sustain life on earth by providing oxygen for human beings and animal to breathe and carbon dioxide to plants.
• It helps in keeping us warm due to green house effect.

Environmental Management Class 9 Answers Question 4.
Forecasts about which weather related factors are given during the news bulletins on Doordarshan and Akashvani?
Answer:
Forecasts about different weather related factors such as cloud cover, rain, snowfall, wind speed and temperature are given during the news bulletins on Doordarshan and Akashvani.

9 Environmental Management Exercises  Question 5.
What is meant by pollution?
Answer:
Contamination of natural environment that can harmfully affect the ecosystem is called as pollution.

9th Class Science Chapter 9 Environmental Management Exercise Question 6.
What is meant by solid waste?
Answer:
The waste materials generated through the various daily human activities are called solid waste.

Maharashtra Board Class 9 Science Solutions Question 7.
What are the different things included in solid waste?
Answer:
Domestic waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, electronic waste, biomedical waste, urban waste, radioactive waste and mining waste are the different things included in solid waste.

Question 8.
Why is it necessary to recycle non-degradable waste?
Answer:
(i) non-degradable waste cannot be easily degraded because it takes a very long period of time and the use of various techniques.
(ii) Therefore, non-degradable waste should be recycled so that it does not accumulate and cause hazards to the environment.

Question 9.
Which materials are included in solid dry waste?
Answer:
Solid dry waste includes paper, plastic, metals, glass, cardboard, thermocol etc.

Answer the following

Question 1.
In which different ways do our surroundings get polluted?
Answer:

• Air pollution is caused due to emissions from industries, vehicles, burning of fossil fuels, construction, mining and agriculture.
• Water pollution is caused by domestic sewage and industrial waste water released into the water bodies.
• Soil pollution is caused due to industrial wastes, domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, biomedical waste and pesticides.
• Noise pollution is caused by machines, vehicular traffic, loudspeakers and household appliances.

Question 2.
Which factors are affected favourably or unfavourably by climate? What must we do to minimize the effect?
Answer:

• Climate plays a very important role in our day to day life.
• It influences our basic needs like food, clothing and shelter as well as our occupations.
• Climate is especially important for an agrarian country like India. Also climatic factors like direction and speed of the winds, temperature, atmospheric pressure etc. are also considered during construction work.
• The science of meteorology helps in predicting climatic conditions by satellites in different ways such as prediction of rainfall, air pollution, dust storms, hot and cold waves tsunamic etc.
• so that all the citizens are well-equipped beforehand and can take preventive measures.

Question 3.
Into which two categories can the waste materials in the lists above be classified?
Answer:
The waste materials can be classified as biodegradable waste and non-biodegradable waste.

Answer the following:

Question 1.
Make a list of various waste materials and articles in your area and prepare a chart as follows:
Answer:

Question 1.
Nowadays, an electronic device – the cell phone – is very popular. From a mobile shop near your house, find out how they dispose off old and broken down cell phones.
Answer:
Old and broken down cell phones are sold to scrap dealers, who sell to a bigger dealer where reusable parts are taken out and useless parts are sent for recycling.

Question 2.
What are the different types of casualties that are seen to occur in different types of disasters?
Answer:

• Death.
• Injuries.
• Loss of limbs or body parts.
• Burns.
• Diseases.
• Fractures.
• Bleeding.
• People becoming unconscious.

Question 3.
Which waste management processes are used in your village/town / city?
Answer:
i. The Municipal Corporation or Municipality collects the various kinds of wastes like dry waste, solid waste, biomedical waste in different coloured containers and transports them to areas where they are treated and disposed off.

ii. Industrial waste is mostly recycled and biomedical waste is treated by the scientific methods mentioned below.

a. Solid waste is disposed off in secured land fills. The site for secured landfill is selected 2 km away from water bodies and away from human habitation. Care is taken to see that the site does not fall in sensitive zone. The landfills are layered with clay and plastic and then the garbage is spread and left.
b. Pyrolysis is done for semi combustible material. Semi combustible materials are heated to high temperature by gas arid electricity.
c. The municipality can also set up biogas plants where the solid waste is converted to biogas by anaerobic fermentation. The biogas can be used to generate power and also a good manure which can be used for agriculture.
(d) Biomedical waste is burnt in incinerators to kill the pathogens. Disinfection and sterilization is also done while treating biomedical waste by the Municipal Corporation.

These are some of the waste management processes used in village/town/city.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Observe the garbage collected in the dustbin of your classroom and make a list of the various materials in it.
Discuss with your teacher, how these materials can be properly disposed off. Can we do the same with the garbage generated in our house? Think about it.

Answer:
(i) Garbage collected in classroom dustbin:

• Waste paper and paper bits.
• Pencil shavings
• Wrappers of chocolates, biscuits etc.
• Left over food from tiffins and fruit peels.
• Empty ball pen refills.

(ii) Out of these left over food from tiffins and fruit peels and pencil shaving can be used to make compost manure in school garden. The remaining waste can be sold to scrap dealers and sent for recycling.
(iii) Yes, we can do the same with the garbage generated in the house.

Question 2.
What is the main difference between what we see in the two pictures alongside (A and B).

Answer:

• We see that in picture A there is lot of garbage spread around making the place very dirty, whereas in picture B, there is no garbage and the place is absolutely neat and clean.

Question 3.
What should we do to permanently maintain the condition seen in picture B?
Answer:
To permanently maintain the condition seen in picture B, we should follow the 3R mantra (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Also, we must avoid littering, throwing plastic bags, wrappers of chocolates, ice-creams, biscuits etc.

Class 9 Science Chapter 9 Environmental Management Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose and write the correct option

Question 1.
is a long term predominant condition of the atmosphere.
(a) Climate
(b) Weather
(c) Pressure
(d) Biosphere
Answer:
(a) Climate

Question 2.
Various climatic factors like are considered during construction of runways, seaports, huge bridges and skyscrapers, etc.
(a) Direction and speed of wind
(b) Temperature
(c) Atmospheric pressure
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 3.
The was established by the United Nations Organization on 23rd March 1950.
(a) World Health Organization
(b) National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
(c) World Meteorological Organization
(d) Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology
Answer:
(c) World Meteorological Organization

Question 4.
is/are related to various weather and climatic factors.
(a) Salinity of marine water
(b) Formation of ocean currents
(c) Water cycle
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 5.
is the founder of IMD.
(a) Dr. Vasantrao Govarikar
(b) H.F. Blanford
(c) Sir Gilbert Walker
(d) Dr. Radhakrishnan Nair
Answer:
(b) H. F. Blanford

Question 6.
The monsoon model based upon 16 worldwide parameters was developed by the initiative of
(a) Dr. Vasantrao Govarikar
(b) H.F. Blanford
(c) Sir Gilbert Walker
(d) Virghese Kurien
Answer:
(a) Dr. Vasantrao Govarikar

Question 7.
In , forecasts are made taking into account the estimates of current weather related events and ongoing physical activity.
(a) Statistical model
(b) Holistic model
(c) Mathematical model
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) Mathematical model

Question 8.
In , predictions are based upon those parameters used in other models which have the greatest effect on the monsoon.
(a) Holistic model
(b) Mathematical model
(c) Statistical model
(d) Scientific model
Answer:
(a) Holistic model

Question 9.
Radioactive materials, explosives and infectious materials are classified as waste.
(a) Industrial waste
(b) Biomedical waste
(c) Urban waste
(d) Hazardous waste
Answer:
(d) Hazardous waste

Question10.
are radioactive waste.
(a) Remains of heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium etc.
(b) Strontium-10, Cerium-141, Barium -140
(c) Waste from blood banks and laboratories
(d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Strontium-10, Cerium-141, Barium-140

Question 11.
Waste food, paper, plastic, vegetable and fruit waste etc. are classified as waste.
(a) Industrial waste
(b) Farm waste
(c) Domestic waste
(d) Urban waste
Answer:
(c) Domestic waste

Question 12.
is the 3 R mantra.
(a) Refuse, Research, Recycle
(b) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
(c) Reduce, Reuse, Refuse
(d) Rethink, Recycle, Reuse
Answer:
(b) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

Question 13.
is the largest producer of electricity from solid waste.
(a) India
(b) America
(c) Japan
(d) China
Answer:
(b) America

Question 14.
Chemicals, pigments, sludge, ash, metals, etc. are classified as waste.
(a) Domestic waste
(b) Industrial waste
(c) Urban waste
(d) Hazardous waste
Answer:
(b) Industrial waste

Question 15.
Period of natural degradation for banana peels is
(a) 1 month
(b) 1-2 weeks
(c) 3-4 weeks
(d) 2 months
Answer:
(c) 3-4 weeks

Question 16.
Period of natural degradation for cloth bags is
(a) 2-3 weeks
(b) 1 month
(c) 5 months
(d) 1 year
Answer:
(b) 1 month

Question 17.
Period of natural degradation for wood is
(a) 1 month
(b) 5 months
(c) 10-15 years
(c) 40-50 years
Answer:
(c) 10-15 years

Question 18.
Period of natural degradation for certain plastic bags is
(a) 50-100 years
(b) infinite duration
(c) 10 lakh years
(d) 1000 years

(c) 10 lakh years

Question 19.
Period of natural degradation for thermocol or Styrofoam cup is
(a) 10 lakh years
(b) infinite duration
(c) 200-250 years
(d) 1 year
Answer:
(b) infinite duration

Question 20.
If any bone is fractured, it is essential that the fractured part be
(a) mobilized
(b) immobilized
(c) pulled
(d) massaged
Answer:
(b) immobilized

Question 21.
For transporting children and under-weight victims, method is used.
(a) carrying piggy back
(b) human crutch method
(c) cradle method
(d) stretcher
Answer:
(c) cradle method

Question 22.
method is useful to carry patients who are unconscious.
(a) Cradle Method
(b) Carrying piggy back
(c) Human crutch
(d) Carrying on four-hand chair
Answer:
(b) Carrying piggy back

Question 23.
method is used for carrying an unconscious patient through a short distance.
(a) Carrying piggy back
(b) Cradle method
(c) Carrying on two-hand chair
(d) Pulling or lifting method
Answer:
(d) Pulling or lifting method

Question 24.
method is useful to carry patients who cannot use their hands but can hold their body upright.
(a) Carrying on four-hand chair
(b) Carrying on two-hand chair
(c) Carrying piggy back
(d) Cradle method
Answer:
(b) Carrying on two-hand chair

v 25.
method is used to carry patients when support is needed for the part below the waist.
(a) Carrying on four-hand chair
(b) Carrying on two-hand chair
(c) Stretcher
(d) Pulling or lifting method
Answer:
(a) Carrying on four-hand chair

Question 26.
For injuries like sprains, twisting and contusion, should be applied on the injured part.
(a) turmeric powder
(b) antiseptic pad
(c) ice-pack
(d) pressure
Answer:
(c) ice-pack

Find the odd man out:

Question 1.
Waste food, paper, plastic, bandages.
Answer:
Bandages: It is a biomedical waste whereas the others are domestic waste.

Question 2.
Pesticides, fertilizers, crop residue, sludge.
Answer:
Sludge: It is an industrial waste whereas the others are farm waste.

Question 3.
Strontium -10, Cerium – 141, Barium – 140, Cadmium.
Answer:
Cadmium: It is a mining waste whereas the others are radioactive waste.

Question 4.
Banana peels, cloth bag, food waste, plastic bag.
Answer:
Plastic bag: It is a non-biodegradable waste whereas the others are degradable wastes.

Question 5.
Fruits, ash, metals, vegetables.
Answer:
Metal: It is a non-biodegradable waste whereas the others are degradable wastes.

Complete the analogy:

(1) Specific duration and specific time: Weather : : Longer duration and longer time :
(2) Mumbai: 5000 tons solid waste :: Pune:
(3) Kitchen waste, parts of plants : Wet solid waste :: Plastic, metals :
(4) Largest producer of electricity from solid waste : America : : Production of useful materials from banana peelings :
(5) Cloth bags : 1 month : : Rags :
(6) Tin cans : 50-100 years : : Aluminium cans :
(7) Wood : 10-15 years :: Styrofoam :
Answer:
(1) Climate
(2) 1700 tons solid waste
(3) Dry solid waste
(4) Japan
(5) 5 months
(6) 200-250 years
(7) Infinite duration

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Mining waste	(a) Leaves, flowers, crop residue.
(2) Electronic waste	(b) Remains of heavy metals like lead, arsenic, cadmium.
(3) Farm waste	(c) Strontium-10, Cerium-141, Barium-140
(4) Radioactive waste	(d) Cell phones, TV sets, Computers

Answer:
(1 – b),
(2 – d),
(3 – a),
(4 – c)

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Banana peels	(a) 10 lakh years.
(2) Plastic bags	(b) 200-250 years.
(3) Leather shoes	(c) 3-4 weeks
(4) Aluminium cans	(d) 40-50 years

Answer:
(1 – c),
(2 – a),
(3 – d),
(4 -b)

Question 3.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Thermocol (2) Tin cans (3) Woollen socks (4) Wood	(a) 1 year. (b) Infinite duration. (c) 10-15 years (d) 50-100 years

Answer:
(1 – b),
(2 – d),
(3 – a),
(4 – c)

State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements:

Question 1.
Climate is a long term predominant condition of the atmosphere.
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
Climate changes continuously.
Answer:
False. Climate does not change continuously. It remains constant in a region for a long duration.

Question 3.
If present climatic conditions are analysed with reference to the past climatic conditions, we can predict climatic changes of the future.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Forecasting is difficult for places where climatic changes are slow and of a limited nature.
Answer:
False. Forecasting is easy for places where climatic changes are slow and of a limited nature.

Question 5.
Climate plays a very important role in the formation and enrichment of soil.
Answer:
True.

Question 6.
Prediction maps are prepared once in 24 hours.
Answer:
False. Prediction maps are prepared twice in every 24 hours.

Question 7.
The first prediction of monsoon in India was made by Dr. Vasantrao Govariakar.
Answer:
False. The first prediction of monsoon in India was made my H.F. Blanford.

Question 8.
H.F. Blanford used the rainfall in Kerala as the parameter for prediction of monsoon in India.
Answer:
False. H.F. Blanford used the snowfall in Himalayas as a parameter for prediction of monsoon in India.

Question 9.
In Holistic model, predictions are made taking into account estimates of current weather-related events and ongoing physical interactions between them.
Answer:
False. In Holistic model, predictions are based upon those parameters used in other models which have the greatest effect on monsoon.

Question 10.
Any meteorological model depends upon the inter-relationships between parameters used in that model and the results expected from it.
Answer:
True.

Question 11.
Remains of heavy metals like lead, arsenic, cadmium, etc. from mines are industrial waste.
Answer:
False. Remains of heavy metals like lead, arsenic, cadmium etc. from mines are mining waste.

Question 12.
Use of ‘use and throw’ type of articles like pens, canned cold drinks, tetra packs should be encouraged in waste management.
Answer:
False. Use of ‘use and throw’ type of articles like pens, canned cold drinks, tetra packs should be strictly avoided in waste management.

Question 13.
We should use tissue paper instead of one’s own handkerchief for effective waste management.
Answer:
False. We should use one’s own handkerchief instead of tissue paper for effective waste management.

Question 14.
Certain plastic bags take 1 month to degrade.
Answer:
False. Certain plastic bags take 10 lakh years to degrade.

Question 15.
Banana peels can degrade in 3-4 weeks.
Answer:
True.

Question 16.
If the victim has burn injuries, it is beneficial to cover the burnt part with blanket.
Answer:
False. If the victim has burn injuries, it is beneficial to hold the injured part under clean and cold flowing water for at least 10 minutes.

Question 17.
CPR helps to bring the circulation to normal.
Answer:
True.

Question 18.
If breathing has stopped, the head should be held in backward sloping position.
Answer:
False. If breathing has stopped, the victim should be given artificial ventilation by mouth to mouth resuscitation.

Question 19.
Japan is the largest producer of electricity from solid waste.
Answer:
False. America is the largest producer of electricity from solid waste.

Question 20.
China has developed the projects of production of threads, paper and other useful materials from banana peels.
Answer:
False. Japan has developed the projects of production of threads, paper and other useful materials from banana peels.

Define the following:

Question 1.
Weather
Answer:
Atmospheric conditions at a specific time at a particular place are referred to as weather.

Question 2.
Climate
Answer:
The climate of a particular region is the average of daily readings of various weather-related parameters recorded for several years.

Question 3.
Meteorology
Answer:
The science that studies the inter-relationships between the various components of air, natural cycles, geological movements of earth and climate is called meteorology.

Question 4.
Solid waste
Answer:
Waste materials generated through daily human activities are called solid waste.

Question 5.
Urban waste
Answer:
Waste generated through household industries and large commercial and industrial establishments is called Urban waste.

Answer the following:

Question 1.
What is the necessity of solid waste management?
Answer:
Necessity of solid waste management:

• For preventing environmental pollution and to keep the surroundings clean.
• For energy as well as fertilizer production and through that to generate work and employment opportunities.
• To reduce the strain on natural resources through treatment of solid waste.
• To improve the health and quality of life and to maintain environmental balance.

Question 2.
What are the harmful effects of solid waste?
Answer:
Harmful effects of solid waste:

• Effect on biodiversity.
• Releases bad odour.
• Produces toxic gases.
• Leads to degradation of natural beauty.
• Leads to pollution of air, water and soil.
• Spreads diseases.

Question 3.
What first-aid should be given for injuries like sprains, twisting and contusion?
Answer:
For injuries like sprains, twisting and contusion, the ‘RICE’ remedy should be applied:

• Rest: Allow the victim to sit in a relaxed position.
• Ice: Apply an ice-pack to the injured part.
• Compression: After the ice-pack treatment, the injured part should be massaged gently.
• Elevate: The injured part should be kept in a raised/elevated position.

Question 4.
Why do meteorological models need to be changed continually?
Answer:

1. Any meteorological model depends upon the inter-relationship between parameters used in that model and the results expected from it.
2. However, as these inter-relationships with reference to the ocean and atmosphere are never constant, meteorological models need to be changed continually.

Question 5.
What is urban waste? What does it include?
Answer:

1. Waste generated through household industries and large commercial and industrial establishments is called urban waste.
2. It includes carry bags, glass, metal pieces and rods, threads, rubber, paper, cans from shops, waste from vegetable and meat markets, construction waste etc.

Question 6.
What does biomedical waste include?
Answer:
biomedical waste includes bandages, dressings, gloves, needles, saline bottle, medicines, medicine bottles, test tubes, body parts, blood etc. from clinics, hospitals, blood banks and laboratories.

Write short notes on:

Question 1.
Meteorology
Answer:

• The science that studies the inter-relationship between the various components of air, natural cycles, geological movements of the earth and climate is called meteorology.
• Meteorology includes the study of storms, clouds, rainfall, thunder, lightning etc.
• Depending upon the study of such factors, weather forecasts are made.
• They are useful to common people, farmers, fisheries, aviation services, water transport and various other organizations.

Question 2.
Climatic factors
Answer:

• The climate of a particular region is the average of daily readings of various weather-related parameters recorded for several years.
• Climatic factors include direction and speed of wind, temperature, atmospheric pressure, clouds, rainfall, humidity, visibility etc.
• These factors influence our basic needs like food, clothing, shelter as well as our occupations.
• Various climatic factors bring about the weathering of rocks in the earth’s crust.
• Microbes in the soil play an important role in formation of organic materials. This process also depends upon various climatic factors.

Question 3.
Monsoon model
Answer:

1. The tradition of forecasting the monsoon season in India is older than 100 years.
2. After the famine of 1877, H.F. Blanford, the founder of IMD had made such a prediction for the first time taking the snowfall in the Himalayas as a parameter for this prediction.
3. In the decade of the 1930’s, the then director of IMD, Sir Gilbert Walker had underlined the relationship between various worldwide climatic factors and the Indian monsoon and based on available observations and previous recordings related to this relationship, he put forth a hypothesis regarding the nature of the monsoon.
4. With the initiative of Dr. Vasantrao Govarikar in the decade of the 1990’s, a monsoon model based upon 16 worldwide climatic parameters was developed. This model was in use from 1990 to 2002.
5. Presently, new models are being developed at IITM. Work is in progress at two levels, namely designing new models and developing new technology.
6. The main focus is on the development of the radar system and satellite technology.

Question 4.
Plastic waste
Answer:

• Plastic waste is the accumulation of plastic products in the environment that adversely affects environment, humans and animals.
• Plastic waste is excessively generated as plastic is inexpensive and durable.
• Plastic is slow to degrade. It takes around 10 lakh years for certain plastic bags to degrade. .
• Plastic waste affects land and water.
• It also affects the health of animals, cattle unknowingly ingest these plastic bags leading to stomach cancer in them.
• Plastic also releases toxic chemicals which are carcinogenic to humAnswer:
• To avoid plastic waste, cloth bags should be used instead of plastic bags. Plastic articles should be recycled.

Question 5.
Industrial waste
Answer:

• Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial processes or activities.
• There is a huge variety of industries producing different types of materials and articles. All of these use raw materials and give out a lot of waste.
• There are hundreds of mines which extract copper, silver, gold, iron, coal etc. Huge quantities of waste are produced while processing them.
• Cement industries give out solid, liquid and gaseous wastes.
• While refining crude oil, a lot of poisonous gaseous and liquid wastes are produced.
• Construction units produce huge quantities of waste stones, pebbles, broken bricks, wood waste etc. Mostly they are dumped in landfills.
• It also includes chemicals, pigments, sludge, ash, metal, etc. given out from mining, textile, construction, chemical industries.

Question 6.
Principles of first aid
Answer:
Life and Resuscitation – ‘ABC’ is the Basic Principle of first aid which is provided to the victims of disaster.

1. Airway: If the victim has difficulty in breathing, the head should be held in a backward sloping position or the chin should be raised so that the respiratory passage remains open.
2. Breathing: If breathing has stopped, the victim should be given artificial ventilation by mouth to mouth resuscitation.
3. Circulation: If the victim is unconscious, then after giving mouth to mouth respiration twice,

Question 7.
Statistical Model
Answer:

• In this model, current climatic observations in a region are compared with earlier parameters such as oceanic temperature, atmospheric” pressure and the nature of the monsoon rainfall for several years.
• This data is comparatively analysed by statistical methods and predictions are made about the monsoon in the present conditions.

Question 9.
Holistic Model
Answer:

• In this model, predictions are based upon those parameters used in other models which have the greatest effect on the monsoon.
• Nowadays, predictions declared by IMD are the collective outcome of various model. This is called a holistic model.

Complete the following concept chart:

Question 1.
Weather-related climatic factors
Answer:

Question 2.
Harmful effects of solid waste
Answer:

Question 3.
Scientific and eco-friendly waste Management
Answer:

Answer in detail:

Question 1.
What are the principles of solid waste management?
Answer:
Principles of solid waste management:

• Reuse: After use, materials should be reused for some other proper purposes.
• Refuse: Refusal to use articles made from non- degradable articles like plastic and thermocol.
• Recycle: Production of useful articles by recycling solid wastes. For example, paper and glass can be recycled.
• Rethink: Rethinking our habits, activities and their consequences in connection with the use of various articles of daily use.
• Reduce: Restricting the use of resources to avoid their wastage.
• Old materials should be reused. One thing should be shared by many, use and throw type of objects should be avoided.
• Research: Conducting research related to reuse of materials that are temporarily out of use.
• Regulation and Public awareness: Following the laws and rules related to waste management and motivating others to do the same.

Question 2.
What is disaster management? What actions does it include?
Answer:
Disaster management is action implemented through proper planning, organized activity and co-ordination.

It includes the following:

• Prevention of loss and danger.
• Improving tolerance.
• Providing relief from disaster, minimising the intensity and extent of harm.
• Preparation to face the disaster.
• Immediate action in the disaster situation.
• Assessment of damages and intensity of the disaster.
• Arranging for rescue work and help.
• Rehabilitation and rebuilding.

Question 3.
Write a short note on : Indian Meteorological Department
Answer:

• The Indian Meteorological Department was founded by the British in 1875 at Shimla.
• Its head office is at Pune and its Regional offices are at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Nagpur and Delhi.
• Maps are prepared every day which indicate the daily predictions about the weather.
• Such maps are prepared and published twice in every 24 hours.
• In this institute, research goes on continuously on various aspects like instruments for climatic readings, predictions made about climate using radar, predictions about climate related to seismology, predictions regarding rainfall by satellites, air pollution etc.
• The Indian Meteorological Department provides information regarding weather and climatic conditions to other departments like aviation, shipping, agriculture, irrigation, marine oil exploration and production etc.
• Predictions regarding calamities like dust storms, sand storms, heavy rainfall, hot and cold waves, tsunami, etc. are communicated to various departments, all types of mass communication media and all citizens.
• India has launched several satellites equipped with highclass technology.
• Observatories at several locations are doing excellent work in the analysis of the information received from these satellites.

 

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.5 The Old Man and The Sea Book Review Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 4.5 The Old Man and The Sea Book Review

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.5 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Old Man And The Sea Book Review Class 10 Question 1.
Pair up with your partner and answer the following questions :
(a) Which animal would you relate yourself to and why?
Answer:
I would relate to a cat. This is because like a cat, I am lazy. I am also reserved and do not show my emotions easily. I choose my friends carefully and am not friendly with anybody and everybody.

(b) Do you have a hero or a role model to look up to? Who is he/she?
Answer:
Yes, my role model is my grandmother. Though she has led a very difficult life because she was poor, she is always optimistic and sees the best in people. She is always cheerful and ready to learn new things. She has learnt how to use the computer and surfs the internet regularly. She is even learning a new language with the help of the computer! She is health-conscious and does yoga regularly. I wish to be like her.

(c) Do you have a passion you would fight for? Why?
Answer:
Yes, my passion is planting trees. Afforestation is the answer to. many of the ills plaguing our country, like water shortage and soil erosion. Planting forests will stop this. When I grow up. I plan to fight for a green cover for our planet.

(d) What is meant by a review?
Answer:
A ‘review’ is a critical evaluation of something – a book, a film, a play, etc.

(e) Have you ever read any book review? If yes, which one? If no, make it a point to read one.
Answer:
Yes, I have read a book review. It was of a Harry Potter book. I read it in a newspaper and it gave me an idea of what to expect in the book, without knowing the details.

The Old Man And The Sea Section 1 Answers Question 2.
Make a list of famous novels of Ernest Hemingway. Two are given to you.
(1) A Farewell to Arms
(2) For Whom the Bell Tolls.
(3) ………………………………………
(4) ………………………………………
(5) ………………………………………
(6) ………………………………………
(7) ………………………………………
Answer:
(1) A Farewell to Arms.
(2) For Whom the Bells Toll.
(3) The Sun also Rises.
(4) The Garden of Eden.
(5) Islands in the Stream.
(6) To Have and Have Not.
(7) The Torrents of Spring.

The Old Man And The Sea Question Answers Question 3.
Ernest Miller Hemingway was a famous American novelist, short story writer and journalist. Make a list of other famous American novelists. Complete the web filling the boxes with the names of famous American novelists.

Answer:

The Old Man and The Sea Book Review Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Old Man And The Sea Book Report Question 1.
Read the passage and name the following.
(a) Young and devoted apprentice
(b) The place where Hemingway had experience of fishing
(c) That which Hemingway was injured by, during First World War
(d) Language of the novel
(e) In his first reading, the review writer was left
Answer:
(a) Manolin
(b) Cuban waters
(c) shrapnel
(d) simple and pithy
(e) unimpressed

The Old Man And The Sea Book Review Question 2.
Correct the following sentences using facts from the review.
(a) Manolin’s parents insisted on his working with the same old fisherman.
(b) This novel is pure fiction.
(c) Hemingway’s style of writing does not unfold the hidden meaning.
(d) The relationship between the old man and Manolin is coarse.
Answer:
(a) Manolin’s parents insisted on his working with another fisherman.
(b) This novel is based on real events and draws heavily from incidents in Hemingway’s own life.
(c) Hemingway’s style of writing is such that a reader can read his work again and again and find new layers of meaning every time.
(d) The relationship between the old man and Manolin is heart-warming.

The Old Man And The Sea Questions And Answers Question 3.
Compare the points that you would use for a book review with those of the review of a play and write in your notebook.
Answer:

Book Review	Review of a play	Review of a film
(1) Story Line	(1) Story Line, Theme and Climax	(1) Story Line
(2) Social/Historical Context	(2) Actors/Actresses and their Presentations	(2) Acting
(3) Writing Style	(3) Use of lights, music and special effects	(3) Direction
(4) My Thoughts.	(4) Use of Sets, Costumes and Make-up (5) My Thoughts and rating.	(4) Editing (5) Cinematography (6) Music and sound effects (7) Special effects (8) My thoughts and rating

The Old Man And The Sea Review Question 4.
The line – ‘I first read this novel years ago, when I did not understand it at all and was left unimpressed.’ tells us about the book reviewer’s opinion about the book. Complete the following sentences using the expressions.
(1) In my opinion, every hard working person achieves success in life.
(2) I strongly feel that ……………………………………………………….
(3) I wish I could ……………………………………………………….
(4) As far as I know you ……………………………………………………….
(5) I think ……………………………………………………….
Answer:
(1) every hardworking person achieves success in life.
(2) there should be a complete ban on tobacco.
(3) go to the moon.
(4) have never taken part in a debate.
(5) they know what they are doing.

Old Man And The Sea Book Review Question 5.
The review describes the struggle between the old man with the marlin and sharks, Ernest Hemingway’s struggle against defeat or death and noble struggle against destruction. Find all the words from the text that are related to the word ‘brave’ or ‘courage’.

• strength
• ……………………………………….
• ……………………………………….
• ……………………………………….
• ……………………………………….

Answer:

• strength,
• formidable.
• strong,
• determination,
• endurance,
• triumph,
• struggle.

The Old Man And The Sea Answers Question 6.
The review mentions struggles of both the writer, Ernest Hemingway and the old man. Fill the incidents of struggle of Hemingway in table A and those of the old man in table B.

Table A	Table B
Ernest Hemingway	Old man
•
•
•
•

Answer:

Table A	Table B
Ernest Hemingway	Old man
(1) injured by shrapnel during the First World War	(1) has a run of terrible bad luck
(2) faces the destruction caused by the two World Wars	(2) unable to catch fish for 84 days
	(3) his apprentice, Manolin leaves him
	(4) the marlin he hooks is too strong for him
	(5) battles with sharks
	(6) very near death

Question 7.
Read the text again. You will find that the text contains many phrases. Match the phrases in ‘A’ and their meanings in ‘B’. After matching their meanings, make sentences of your own

‘A’ Phrases	‘B’ Meanings
1. run of terrible bad luck	a. triggered a feeling or memory
2. draws heavily on	b. without being affected by a particular factor
3. struck a chord	c. endure in difficult circumstances
4. in spite of	d. a period of time when bad things happen
5. holding on	e. makes use of

Answer:

‘A’ Phrases	‘B’ Meanings
1. run of terrible bad luck	d. a period of time when bad things happen
2. draws heavily on	e. makes use of
3. struck a chord	a. triggered a feeling or memory
4. in spite of	b. without being affected by a particular factor
5. holding on	c. endure in difficult circumstances

Question 8.
(A) Rewrite as directed, without change of meaning, in your notebook.
(1) Hemingway’s novel is based on real events. (Convert the underlined adjective to an Adjectival Clause)
(2) He hooks a marlin but the marlin is too strong for him. (Rewrite beginning with ‘Although’)
(3) The reader can read his work again and again and find new layers of menaing. (Begin the sentence with ‘On reading’)
(4) As the novel progresses, the old man and the marlin are inseparably linked. (Rewrite using ‘progress’ as a Noun)
(5) Being strong, the marlin starts pulling the boat. (Rewrite inserting ‘and’ as a Co-ordinator)
(6) When I first read this novel, I was unimpressed. (Rewrite using ‘but’ as a Co-ordinator)
Answer:
(1) Hemingway’s novel is based on events which are real.
(2) Although he hooks a marlin, the marlin is, too strong for him.
(3) On reading his work again and again, the reader can find new layers of meaning.
(4) In the course of the progress of the novel, the old man and the marlin are inseparably linked.
(5) The marlin is strong and starts pulling the boat.
(6) I had read this novel before but I was unimpressed at that time.

(B) Write the ‘root-word’ after dropping the prefix or suffix or both.
(1) unable ……………………………………….
(2) heavily ……………………………………….
(3) determination ……………………………………….
(4) endurance ……………………………………….
(5) unimpressed ……………………………………….
(6) relationship ……………………………………….
(7) inseparably ……………………………………….
(8) empathetic ……………………………………….
(9) beautiful ……………………………………….
(10) simplicity ……………………………………….
Answer:
(1) unable – able
(2) heavily – heavy
(3) determination – determine
(4) endurance – endure
(5) unimpressed – impress
(6) relationship – relate
(7) inseparably – separate
(8) empathetic – empathy
(9) beautiful – beauty
(10) simplicity – simple

Question 9.
Write a book review on any book of your choice with the help of the following points.

• Story line
• Social/Historical content
• Writing style
• My thought

Answer:

Pride and Prejudice: Book review.

Story Line:
‘Pride and Prejudice’ is a romantic novel written by Jane Austen and first published in 1813. The book follows the life of Elizabeth Bennet, a headstrong, intelligent woman. It takes place in the early 1800s and is about the emotional development of the main character.

Elizabeth has four sisters and no brother. According to the succession rights, none of the girls can inherit the property, and Mrs. Bennet (Elizabeth’s mother) thinks that good marriages are the only way for them to lead a good life. Her main ambition in life is to see that her daughters marry wealthy men. However, the novel emphasizes that one should marry for love and not only for money. Mr. Bennet tolerates his wife’s behaviour and is dryly sarcastic when she is silly. There are villainous characters like George Wickham and comic ones like Mr. Collins.

Social/Historical Context:
In Pride and Prejudice, the Bennets are members of the educated upper middle class. At that time, a man’s income was always reported as a ‘number of pounds per year’. Mr Bingley has ‘four or five thousand a year’ while Darcy’s income is a very impressive 10,000 a yepr. Thus, Darcy is considered to possess a fortune, and hence a very eligible bachelor.

The formal manners of behaviour are obvious in the custom of paying visits and leaving calling cards, the necessity of giving formal introductions, etc. Marriage was considered to be the only acceptable role for any woman, and getting married was high on the list of priorities. The clothes and customs all reflect the time. The French revolution was in progress during the time of the writing of this novel. Though it is difficult to relate to such customs and such priorities today, the novel still holds our interest.

Writing Style:
Jane Austen has portrayed her characters well, and given good character sketches of all, whether it is the silly, materialistic Mrs. Bennet as the mother or Elizabeth as the strong-willed daughter. Jane Austen’s writing is sharp, with plenty of sarcasm and irony. Many times it is a bit too detailed; but that was the style of writing at that time. She wrote about ordinary people and their ordinary lives in an exceptional way. She recognized the flaws in society, especially as far as marriage is concerned. The opening words of her novel, ’It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.’, are unforgettable and are still quoted.

My Thoughts:
When I first read it, it was out of compulsion; it was a part of our school activity, and I disliked it. I was too small to appreciate the undertones. I found too many unnecessary details. However, when I read it a few years later, I had already read many other books based in that time period. Hence, I could appreciate their customs, their dresses and their way of talking. I had alsu seen a film based on it. and things became clearer. I plan to read it again and see if I can find new meaning in it now.

Question 10.
You know the essential points required for a book review. Now form pairs and find essential points required for a play review and film review. You can take help of your teacher, library or the internet.

Book Review	Play Review	Film Review
–

Answer:

Book Review	Play Review	Film Review
(1) Story Line (2) Social/Historical Context (3) Writing Style (4) My Thoughts.	(1) Story Line, Theme and Climax (2) Actors/Actresses and their Presentations (3) Use of lights, music and special effects (4)    Use of Sets, Costumes and Make-up (5)    My Thoughts and rating.	(1) Story Line (2) Acting (3) Direction (4) Editing (5) Cinematography (6) Music and sound effects (7) Special effects (8) My thoughts and rating

Question 11.
Project
Classroom Library :
Ask all your classmates to donate a book each to the class. In this way everyone will have a book of his/her own to read. Read the book in a week or two. After reading it, exchange your book with your classmate. Keep exchanging and reading books for the whole year. Every fortnight give the book review of the book that you have read recently in the form of a presentation.

Question 12.
Complete the following:
(1) Hemingway had experience of …………………..
(2) He worked for ………………….. during the First World War.
(3) ‘The Old Man and The Sea’ was published in …………………….
Answer:
(1) fishing in the Cuban waters.
(2) The Red Cross
(3) 1952

Question 13.
Describe the general mood of the people when the novel was published.
Answer:
When the novel was published, people were trying to recover from the mass destruction caused by the two World Wars.

Question 14.
Sentences:
(1) The young actor had a …………………… at the beginning of his career.
(2) This painter …………………… the old masterpieces.
(3) The girl’s sad story immediately …………………… with the news reporter.
(4) Lata Mangeshkar’s songs …………………… for a long time.
Answer:
(1) run of terrible bad luck
(2) draws heavily on
(3) struck a chord
(4) will live on

Question 15.
Find the synonyms (one word) for the following from the passage:
(i) The ability to do something difficult for a long time: ……………
(ii) Formed or worked: ……………
Answer:
(i) endurance
(ii) wrought

Question 16.
The old man is, at the end of the novel, very near death, but we know that the story of his suffering and loss will live on in the memories of the people of his village. (Rewrite the sentence using ‘Though’)
Answer:
Though the old man is, at the end of the novel, very near death, we know that the story of his suffering and loss will live on in the memories of the people of his village.

Question 17.
During the First World War, Hemingway was injured by shrapnel. (Begin the sentence with ‘Shrapnel….’)
Answer:
Shrapnel injured Hemingway during the First World War.

Question 18.
Do you like to read books? If so, what type? If not, why?
Answer:
I do like to read books. I like to read mystery novels. I find them very thrilling and interesting. I am a big fan of Agatha Christie and Arthur Conan Doyle. I have read nearly the whole Sherlock Holmes series of short stories.

Question 19.
(a) After recent reading the reviewer was left: ……………………
(b) It fights for its life desperately: ……………………
Answer:
(a) moved and impressed
(b) the marlin

Question 20.
Hemingway practises an extreme economy in his use of words’. What does this mean?
Answer:
It means he uses very few words to express his thoughts and ideas.

Question 21.
What are the ideals that the old man and the marlin both stand for?
Answer:
The old man and the marlin both stand for the same ideals, that is, a noble struggle against destruction.

Question 22.
Complete the following web:
Answers:

Question 23.
Sentences:
(1) Hussain was ill; in spite of this, he stood first in the test.
(2) I could see the new rider holding on to the reins desperately.
(3) The little boy looked longingly at the puppy again and again.
(4) The symbol of a white dove stands for peace.
Answer:
(1) in spite of
(2) holding on
(3) again and again
(4) stands for

Question 24.
Find the synonyms for the following from the passage:
(i) Brief: …………………..
(ii) Likely to make someone believe something that is not true: ………………….
Answer:
(i) pithy
(ii) deceptive

Question 25.
Write four to five sentences about your favorite writer.
Answer:
My favorite writer is Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of Sherlock Holmes. Every story written by Doyle is different and holds my interest right till the end. The stories are so gripping that one cannot put the book down easily. I borrow the books from the library to read during the vacation.

Question 26.
(1) Write down two compound words from the passage.
(2) Pick out an infinitive from the lesson and use it in your own sentence.
(3) Find out five hidden words from the given word t endurance
(4) Use the following phrase in your own sentence: even after his death
(5) Spot the error/errors and rewrite the correct sentence: The novel was publishing in 1952
(6) Identify the type of sentence: I first read this novel years ago, when I did not understand it at all.
(7) Hemingway always talks about the need to struggle. (Replace the infinitive with a gerund.)
(8) From the following verbs, pick out the verb which forms its present and past participle by doubling the last letter: run, write, swim, fan.
(9) Complete the word chain with verbs of your own. write, e………., r………., r………., t……… .
Answer:
(1) fisherman, baseball
(2) to catch: The fielder tried to catch the ball.
(3) endurance: endure, dance, under, crane, creed.
(4) even after his death: People remembered the great leader with love and respect even after his death.
(5) The novel was published in 1952
(6) Assertive (negative)
(7) Hemingway always talks about the need for struggling.
(8) fan – fanning, fanned.
(9) write, enter, remember, report, think.

Question 27.
(1) Use the following word and its homophone in two separate sentences: sail
(2) He worked for the Red Cross. (Rewrite using the past progressive tense of the verb.)
(3) A reader can read his work again and again. (Change the voice beginning ‘His work ….)
Answer:
(1) (i) The sail of the huge boat fluttered in the breeze,
(ii) The old woman loves shopping wherever there is a sale.
(2) He was working for the Red Cross.
(3) His work can be read again and again (by a reader).

Question 28.
(1) Use the given two words in one meaningful sentence: formidable, beautiful.
(2) Recently, I read this book again and was extremely moved. (Rewrite as a complex sentence.)
Answer:
(1) It was a formidable job to make the dilapidated old house beautiful again.
(2) I was extremely moved when I recently read the book again.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 2 Endogenetic Movements Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 2 Endogenetic Movements

Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Endogenetic Movements Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Tick in front of the correct option ✓

(a) On which of the following are slow movements in the earth’s interior dependent?
Landforms [ ]
Velocity [ ]
Direction [ ]
Answer:
Velocity

(b) When waves divert from each other, what do they create
Compression [ ]
Tension [ ]
Mountain [ ]
Answer:
Tension

(c) For the formation of a rift valley, which of the following processes should occur in the earth’s crust?
Compression [ ]
Tension [ ]
Weathering [ ]
Answer:
Tension

(d) Which of these is a fold mountain?
The Satpudas [ ]
The Himalayas [ ]
The Western Ghats [ ]
Answer:
The Himalayas

(e) The formation of extensive plateaus is a result of which type of movements?
Mountain-building [ ]
Continent-building [ ]
Horizontal [ ]
Answer:
Continent-building

2. Give geographical reasons.

(a) Buildings collapsed at the foothills of the Himalayas because of an earthquake. Before collapsing they were moving forward and backward.
Answer:

• The seismic waves can be divided into primary, secondary and surface waves.
• The primary waves are the first ones to reach the surface of the earth after the energy is emitted in the Earth’s interior.
• Subjected to a ‘P’ wave, particles in the rock move in the direction of waves to and fro and therefore, these waves are also called forward-backward waves.
• Thus, during an earthquake, the buildings at the foothills of the Himalayas moved forward and backward as they were first subjected to “P” waves.

(b) There is a difference in the formation of the Meghalaya Plateau and the Deccan Plateau.
Answer:

1. The Meghalaya plateau is formed due to slow movements (orogenic movements) whereas the Deccan Plateau is formed due to sudden movements (fissure volcano).
2. During the formation of the Meghalaya plateau, a part of the Earth’s crust in between two parallel faults was lifted forming a plateau whereas, the Deccan plateau was formed due to molten material coming out with the eruption spreading on both sides of the fissure.
3. Thus, there is a difference in the formation of the Meghalaya plateau and the Deccan plateau.

(c) Most of the volcanoes are found on the plate boundaries.
Answer:

• The plate boundaries are directly related to the areas of volcanoes.
• Most of the volcanoes are located on the plate boundaries.
• The part of the plate boundary which slides under the crust, results in the loss of material. Such boundaries are called plate consuming boundaries.
• In areas where new material (magma) is coming up onto the Earth’s crust, they are called plate creating boundaries.
• Both the processes result in earthquakes and volcanoes. Thus, most of the volcanoes are formed in the plate boundaries.

(d) The Barren Island is becoming conical in shape.
Answer:

• Barren island which was considered a dormant volcano has become active since February 2017.
• Mainly dust, smoke and mud are coming out of this eruption along with some lava.
• During eruption, the lava is spread around the mouth of this vent, when it comes out.
• As a result, a cone-shaped mountain starts forming.

Therefore Barren Island is becoming conical in shape.

(e) Volcanic eruptions can cause earthquakes.
Answer:

• Generally, the movements in the Earth’s interior occur in the upper layer of the mantle
• Tremendous energy is released by radioactive materials present here.
• This leads to a sudden movement in form of volcanic eruptions where hot solid, liquid and gaseous materials are forcefully thrown out from the mantle of the Earth, onto the surface of the Earth.
• This causes a lot of instability within the crust of the Earth which would also lead to the release of pressure in the form of seismic waves or tremors causing earthquakes.

3. Identify and name the internal movement.

(a) Tsunamis are generated in coastal areas.
Answer:
Sudden Movement

(b) The Himalayas are an example of fold mountains.
Answer:
Slow movement – Mountain Building Movements.

(c) Molten magma is thrown out of the earth’s mantle.
Answer:
Sudden Movement

(d) Rift valley is formed because of faulting.
Answer:
The slow movement – Upward – Downward Movement.

4. Arrange the following statements in chronological order in which an earthquake occurs.

(a) The earth’s surface vibrates
Answer:
The plates suddenly move.

(b) The plates suddenly move.
Answer:
Due to the movements in the mantle compression goes on increasing.

(c) Due to the movements in the mantle, compression goes on increasing.
Answer:
Along the weak point (faultlines) rocks break apart.

(d) Along the weak points ( faultlines) rocks break apart.
Answer:
Stored energy is released in the form of seismic waves.

(e) Stored energy is released in the form of seismic waves.
Answer:
The earth’s surface vibrates.

5. Distinguish between

(a) Block Mountain and Fold Mountain
Answer:

Block Mountain	Fold Mountain
(i) When a part of the earth’s crust between two parallel faults is lifted a block mountain is formed.	(i) Because of the energy waves and pressure working towards each other, the layers of the soft rocks form folds leading to the formation of fold mountains.
(ii) Block mountains are formed due to tension.	(ii) Fold mountains are formed due to compression.
(iii) e.g. The Black forest mountains of Europe and the Meghalaya Plateau of India.	(iii) e.g. The Himalayas, the Aravalis, the Rockies, the Andes, the Alps

(b) Primary and Secondary Seismic Waves
Answer:

Primary Seismic Waves	Secondary Seismic waves
(i) Primary waves are the first one to reach the surface of the earth after the energy is emitted in the Earth’s interior.	(i) The waves which reach the Earth’s surface after the primary waves are called secondary waves.
(ii) Primary waves can travel through solid, liquid and gaseous medium.	(ii) Secondary waves can travel only through only solid medium.
(iii) While travelling through liquid medium, primary waves change their direction.	(iii) Secondary waves get absorbed as they enter the liquid medium.
(iv) The waves move to and fro in the direction of energy transfer.	(iv) These waves move up and down in the direction of energy transfer.

(c) Earthquakes and volcanoes
Answer:

Earthquakes	Volcanoes
(i) Earthquake is the movement of the Earth’s crust.	A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust from which hot solid, liquid and gaseous materials are thrown out from the mantle of.
(ii) Nothing is ejected out during an earthquake.	During a volcanic eruption, ash, water vapor, various types of poisonous and inflammable gases, hot molten magma etc. is ejected from the earth’s interior.

6. Answer in brief
(a) Give reasons why an earthquake occurs.
Answer:

• When the movements occur in the interior of the Earth, tremendous tension is created in the Earth’s crust.
• When the tension goes beyond limits, the energy is released in the form of waves.
• This results in the trembling of the earth’s surface, i.e. an earthquake occurs.

Following are the reasons for the occurrence of an earthquake:

• Moving of the plates
• Colliding of the plates
• Plates sliding one below the other
• Forming of fractures in rock layers, due to tension in the interior of the Earth.
• Occurring of volcanic eruption

(b) Which type of movements have led to the formation of the major fold mountains in the world?
Answer:

• Fold mountains are formed due to mountain-building (erogenic) movements.
• Energy is transferred from the interior of the Earth. Because of these energy waves and pressure working towards each other and in horizontal direction, the layers of the soft rocks form folds.
• If the pressure is very high, large scale folds are formed and their complexity increases.
• As a result, the surface of the Earth gets uplifted and fold mountains are formed.
• The Himalayas, the Aravalis, the Rockies, the Andes, the Alps are the major fold mountains of the world.

(c) How is the magnitude of the earthquake-related to the collapse of houses
Answer:

• Through a seismogram, a graph showing movement of seismic waves (seismograph) can be generated.
• After studying this graph, the magnitude of the earthquake is known.
• The magnitude of the earthquake is measured with the help of a richter scale.
• It is because of the primary waves that the buildings on the Earth’s surface move back and forth.
• The buildings on the Earth’s surface move up and down because of the secondary waves. These are more destructive than the T’ waves leading to collapse of buildings.

(d) What are the effects of earthquakes on the earth’s surface and human life?
Answer:
Following are the effects of earthquakes:

• Cracks/fractures develop on the ground.
• These causes landslides which leads to sliding of rocks.
• Sometimes the groundwater changes its course. For example, wells may get water, or may dry up.
• Some areas get uplifted while some may subside.
• Tsunamis are generated in oceans These waves can cause great loss of life and property in the coastal areas.
• In snow-covered areas, avalanches may occur.
• Buildings collapse and loss of life and property occurs.
• Transportation routes get disrupted.
• The communication system collapses.

(e) Explain the types of seismic waves.
Answer:
When the intension is released at the focus, the released energy travels in all directions. This energy comes towards the Earth’s surface in the form of waves. The seismic waves can be divided into primary, secondary and surface waves.
(i) Primary or ‘P’ waves:

• These waves are first to reach the surface of the Earth, after the energy is emitted in the Earth’s interior. They travel at a very fast speed from the focus of the earthquake in radial direction.
• The waves moves to and fro, therefore these waves are called forward-backward waves.
• These waves can travel through all the three states – liquid, solid and gaseous.
• While travelling through liquid medium, their direction gets changed. It is because of the primary waves that the buildings on the Earth’s surface move back and forth.

(ii) Secondary or ‘S’ waves :

• The waves which reach the Earth’s surface after I the primary waves are called secondary waves. :
• These waves also scatter in all directions from the focus of the earthquake.
• Their velocity is less than ’P’ waves.
• The particles lying in the way of these waves j move up and down in the direction of energy transfer.
• These waves can travel only through the solid medium and they get absorbed as they enter the liquid medium.
• The buildings on the Earth’s surface move up and down because of these waves. These are more destructive than ‘P waves.

(iii) Surface or ‘L’ waves :

• These waves are generated after the main ’P’ and ‘S’ waves reach the epicenter.
• They travel in the direction of the circumference of the Earth, along the crust and are highly destructive.

(f) Explain the types of volcanoes on the basis of the periodicity of eruption with examples.
Answer:
According to the periodicity of the volcanic eruptions, three types of volcanoes can be identified.
(i) Active Volcanoes –

• If the volcanic eruptions are regular even in the present times, then such volcanoes are called active volcanoes.
• E.g., Mt Fujiyama in Japan and Mt. Stromboli in the Mediterranean Sea.

(ii) Dormant Volcanoes –

• When a volcano has not erupted since long, but may become active suddenly is called a dormant volcano.
• E.g., Mt. Vesuvius in Italy, Mt. Katmai in Alaska and Barren Island, India.

(iii) Extinct volcanoes –

• Those volcanoes which have not erupted in the past since long and are not likely to erupt in the future are called extinct volcanoes.
• E.g., Mr. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania.

7. Show the epicenter, focus and the primary, secondary and surface waves of an earthquake with the help of a neat labeled diagram.
Answer:

8. Show the following on a given outline map of the world.

(a) Mt. Kilimanjaro
(b) Mid-Atlantic Earthquake zone
(c) Mt. Fuji
(d) Krakatoa
(e) Mt. Vesuvius
Answer:

Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Endogenetic Movements Intext Questions and Answers

Can you tell?
Read the following news. Observe the photograph and answer the questions.

Question 1.
What caused large-scale casualties?
Answer:
Calamity of earthquake led to large scale casualties.

Question 2.
What was the magnitude of the earthquake?
Answer:
The magnitude of the earthquake was 7.9 Richter scale.

Question 3.
Which country was the most affected because of this earthquake?
Answer:
Nepal was most affected because of this earthquake.

Question 4.
Where was the epicentre of the earthquake?
Answer:
Lamjung in Nepal was the epicentre of the earthquake.

Question 5.
Which are the other affected areas?
Answer:
Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh in India as well as China, Bhutan, Pakistan and Bangladesh were affected by earthquake.

Question 6.
At what depth was the focus located?
Answer:
The focus of the earthquake was located at the depth of 11 km.

Question 7.
What kind of damage is seen because of the earthquake?
Answer:
Nearly 1500 people were killed and over 1000 people were injured in the disaster.

Question 8.
According to you, what could be the reason behind the earthquake?
Answer:
The sudden release of energy from the interior of the earth leads to earthquakes.

Question 9.
Have you ever experienced a similar earthquake? Discuss.
Answer:
Answers may vary.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Endogenetic Movements Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the statements choosing the correct option from the bracket:

Question 1.
Richter scale is a unit of measuring the magnitude of a/an
(a) volcano
(b) creation of plate
(c) earthquake
(d) earth movement
Answer:
(c) earthquake

Question 2.
There are in all major plates on the Earth.
(a) five
(b) seven
(c) nine
(d) four
Answer:
(b) seven

Question 3.
Large scale and sudden release of energy in the interior of the Earth gives rise to Earth movements.
(a) slow
(b) sudden
(c) internal
(d) external
Answer:
(b) sudden

Question 4.
Earthquakes occur due to the movement of
(a) plates
(b) earth
(c) oceans
(d) land
Answer:
(a) plates

Question 5.
Earthquake is measured with the help of an instrument called a
(a) seismogram
(b) thermometer
(c) barometer
(d) hygrometer
Answer:
(a) seismogram

Question 6.
If lava is released through a vent, it is called a vent volcano.
(a) fissure
(b) central
(c) upper
(d) below
Answer:
(b) central

Question 7.
Kilimanjaro is a volcano.
(a) central type
(b) fissure type
(c) extinct type
(d) dormant type
Answer:
(a) central type

Question 8.
A tremendous amount of energy is given out by the radioactive elements in the
(a) crust
(b) core
(c) mantle
(d) sial
Answer:
(c) mantle

Question 9.
The movements that give rise to mountains are called movements.
(a) epiorogenic
(b) orogenic
(c) slow
(d) sudden
Answer:
(b) orogenic

Question 10.
When a portion of the crust between two parallel faults2 is raised up, it is called a mountain.
(a) block
(b) fold
(c) residual
(d) ancient
Answer:
(a) block

Question 11.
The area between two adjoining faults subsides, such area of subsidence is called
(a) rift valley
(b) block mountain
(c) fold mountain
(d) faulting
Answer:
(a) rift valley

Question 12.
Black Forest Mountain in Europe is a mountain.
(a) fold
(b) residual
(c) block
(d) ancient
Answer:
(c) block

Question 13.
The movements that give rise to continents are
(a) orogenic
(c) fold
(b) epeirogenic
(d) fault
Answer:
(b) epeirogenic

(Endogenetic Movements Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 )Tick in front of the correct option.

Question 1.
Which of these is a block mountain?
(a) Black forest mountain
(b) Alps
(c) Andes
Answer:
(a) Black forest mountain

Question 2.
Which type of volcano has eruptions regularly even during present times?
(a) Dormant
(b) Extinct
(c) Active
Answer:
(c) Active

Give one word for each of the following:

Question 1.
A volcano, where lava reaches the surface through a vent or a pipe.
Answer:
Central Vent Volcano

Question 2.
An instrument, which is used for recording earthquakes.
Answer:
Seismogram

Question 3.
The surface position immediately above the origin of an earthquake.
Answer:
Epicenter

Question 4.
An example of a volcanic plateau.
Answer:
Deccan Plateau.

Question 5.
An example of Conical volcanic mountains.
Answer:
Mt. Kilimanjaro

(Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Endogenetic Movements Questions And Answers ) Answer in one sentence each.

Question 1.
What are Endogenetic processes?
Answer:
Endogenetic processes are processes that originate internally in the Earth’s surface. E.g. earthquakes, volcanoes, continent building, mountain building etc.

Question 2.
What is a Richter scale?
Answer:
It is a scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake.

Question 3.
What is a Focus or Hypocentre?
Answer:
The point below the Earth’s surface where energy is released during an earthquake is called the focus of the earthquake.

Question 4.
What are Primary Waves?
Answer:
The earthquake waves that reach the surface of the Earth first, immediately after the energy is released in the interior of the Earth, are called Primary waves.

Question 5.
What are Secondary Waves?
Answer:
The earthquake waves reporting at the surface after the primary waves are called the secondary waves.

Question 6.
What are Surface Waves?
Answer:
Primary and secondary waves affect the surface on reaching it. As a result a new set of waves gets generated at the surface. These waves are called surface waves.

Question 7.
What are Plates?
Answer:
The parts of varying sizes of the Earth’s crust floating on the upper portion of the mantle are called plates.

Question 8.
What do you mean by an Epicentre?
Answer:
The point located on the surface of the Earth nearest to the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

Question 9.
Explain Orogenic Movements
Answer:
The slow movements in the interior of the Earth that give rise to mountains are called orogenic movements (mountain building movements).

Question 10.
What is Folding1?
Answer:
As energy moves through the interior of the Earth, soft rocks are subjected to pressure leading to creation of folds called folding.

Question 11.
Define Fault.
Answer:
The fracture line created in a rock due to the energy waves moving away from each other is called a fault.

Question 12.
What is a Block Mountain?
Answer:
A raised portion of the crust between two parallel faults is called a block mountain.

Question 13.
What is a Rift valley?
Answer:
The area of subsidence between two adjoining faults is called a rift valley.

Question 14.
Explain Epeirogenic Movements.
Answer:
The Earth’s slow movements that give rise to continents and extensive plateaus are called epeirogenic movements.

Question 15.
Explain the process of Volcanic Eruption.
Answer:
A process in which hot solid, liquid and gaseous materials are thrown out from the mantle of the earth onto the surface of the earth, is called volcanic eruption.

Identify and name the internal movements.

Question 1.
Dust, smoke and mud with some lava coming out of Barren Island.
Answer:
Sudden Movement

Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Seismic Focus and Epicentre
Answer:

Seismic Focus	Epicenter
(i) The point below the surface where energy is released during an earthquake is called the seismic focus of the earthquake.	(i) The place on the surface which is directly above the focus and closest to it is called the epicenter.
(ii) From the seismic focus, an energy wave radiates in all directions.	(ii) Seismic waves reach the epicenter first and foremost and so its intensity is the maximum at this point.

Question 2.
Central Type Volcano and Fissure Type Volcano
Answer:

Central Type Volcano		Fissure Type Volcano
(i)	Lava is released through a pipe-like vent, hence it is called central type volcano.	(i)	Lava is released through a number of fissures or cracks, hence it is called fissure type volcano.
(ii)	The ejected material gets settled near the mouth of the central vent, giving rise to conical hills.	(ii)	The ejected material spreads on either side of the fissures and forms volcanic plateaus.
(iii)	e.g. Mt. Fujiyama of Japan, Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania.	(iii)	e.g. the Deccan plateau of India

Question 3.
Orogenic Movements and Epeirogenic Movements
Answer:

Orogenic Movements	Epeirogemic Movements
(i) The movements that give rise to mountains are called Orogenic Movements.	(i) The movements that give rise to continents are called Epeirogenic Movements.
(ii) They lead to the formation of Fold mountains, Block mountains and Rift valleys.	(ii) They lead to the formation of continents and extensive plateaus.

Question 4.
Slow Internal Movements and Sudden Internal Movements
Answer:

Slow Internal Movements	Sudden Internal Movements
(i) The movements in the interior of the earth that are caused by continuous and slow release of energy are called slow internal movements	(i) The movements in the interior of the earth that are caused by the sudden release of energy on a large scale are called sudden internal movements.
(ii) Slow internal movements give rise to mountains and continents.	(ii) Sudden internal movements lead to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Make friends with Maps!

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Examine the plate boundaries in the given map and write the names of the plates.
Answer:
North American Plate, South American Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, African Plate, Eurasian Plate, Pacific Plate, Antarctic Plate, Arabian Plate, Nazca Plate, Cocos Plate, Caribbean Plate, Scotia Plate, Arabian Plate and Somali Plate.

Question 2.
On which side of the continents of North and South America are the earthquake-prone zones located? Which mountains are located there?
Answer:
The earthquake-prone zone is located on the western side of North and South America. Rockies and Andes mountain ranges are located there.

Question 3.
In which mountainous zone in Asia does the earthquake-prone zone lie?
Answer:
The Himalayan mountainous zone of Asia is an earthquake-prone zone.

Question 4.
In which region are the volcanoes concentrated in Africa? What could be the reason?
Answer:
Volcanoes are concentrated in the eastern part of Africa along the Rift Valley region as this region is located on plate boundaries.

Question 5.
Correlate earthquake regions, distribution of volcanoes and plate boundaries.
Answer:
Plate boundaries are directly related to areas of earthquakes and volcanoes. Most of the volcanoes are located on the plate boundaries. Similarly, the earthquake zones are also seen in the border areas.

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
The secondary earthquake waves are very destructive.
Answer:

• Due to secondary earthquake waves, the grains in the rocks move up and down, that is, perpendicular to the direction of the movement of the waves.
• Therefore, secondary waves are very destructive.

Answer in brief:

Question 1.
Explain the types of volcanoes on the basis of their type of eruption, with examples.
Answer:
On the basis of the type of eruption, volcanoes can be divided into two types.
(i) Central-type or conical volcano:

• During eruption, the molten magma comes out through a pipe-like vent from inside the Earth’s surface. The lava spreads around the mouth of this vent, when it comes out.
•  Asa result, cone-shaped mountains start forming and conical volcanic mountains are formed.
• Mt. Fujiyama in Japan and Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania are examples of central-type volcanoes and conical mountains.

(ii) Fissure-type volcano:

• During eruption, when the magma comes out not from a single vent, but from many cracks (fissures), it is called fissure-type volcanic eruption.
• The molten material coming out with the eruption spreads on both the sides of the fissure. ;
• As a result, volcanic plateaus are formed.
• The Deccan Plateau of India has also been formed due to such a type of volcanic eruption.

Question 2.
Describe the changes that take place on the surface of the Earth, due to the movements taking place in the interior of the Earth.
Answer:
The changes taking place on the surface of the Earth, due to the internal movements of the Earth are as follows:

1. The soft rocks are subjected to pressure due to the energy released in the interior of the Earth. This leads to the development of folds.
2. If the pressure is very high, large scale folds are formed, and their complexity increases. As a result, the surface of the Earth gets uplifted and fold mountains are formed.
3. When the energy waves move away from each other, tension in the rock is developed. In hard rocks, the tension leads to faulting, when a portion between two parallel faults is raised up, block mountains are created.
4. Sometimes, when the portion between two parallel faults subsides, a rift valley is created.
5. Sometimes, an extensive portion is raised to form a continent or an extensive plateau.

Question 3.
How are continents and extensive plateaus formed?
Answer:

• The epeirogenic movements are responsible for the formation of continents.
• Slow movements occur towards the centre or from the Earth’s centre towards the Earth’s crust.
• Because of these movements, a vast part of the Earth’s crust is uplifted or gets subsided.
• When the part of the Earth’s crust is uplifted above the sea mean level, continents are formed.
• Therefore, these movements are called continent-building movements.
• Extensive plateaus can also be formed because of such movements.

Question 4.
What are the effects of volcanoes?
Answer:
The following are the effects of volcanoes:

• Loss of life and property.
• Sometimes tsunamis get generated due to volcanic eruptions occurring below ocean floors.
• Dust, smoke, ash, gases, water vapour, etc. remain in the atmosphere for a long time.
• This may create an imbalance in the environment.
• Land may become fertile due to volcanic ash.
• Many minerals are found near the earth’s surface because of lava.
• New land is formed due to volcanic eruption or at times, an island may even disappear.
• Lakes are formed at the mouth of the craters of dead volcanoes when rainwater accumulates in them.

Question 5.
Explain the process of the formation of Block mountains.
Answer:

• Because of internal movements, horizontal waves moving away from each other are formed.
• This causes tension on the layers of rocks leading to the formation of fractures in the rocks called as faults.
• Similarly, waves coming towards each other in hard rocks also form faults due to compression.
• When a part of the earth’s crust in between two parallel faults is lifted, it looks like a block. Such a landform is called as a Block mountain.
  

Question 6.
Explain the process of formation of Rift valley.
Answer:

• When horizontal movements on the earth’s surface act in opposite direction, it causes tension on the rocks in the earth’s crust.
• When tension increases, fractures develop in the rocks leading to the formation of faults.
• Consequently, rocks on both the ends slide and the continuity in the layers of rocks is not found.
• Sometimes, two fractures develop side-by-side in the earth’s crust and land in between the two fractures subsides. This subsided deep part is called the rift valley.
  

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 History Solutions Chapter 1 Historiography Development in the West Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 History Solutions Chapter 1 Historiography Development in the West

History Class 10 Chapter 1 Historiography Development In The West

Question 1.
(A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement.
(1) It may be said that …….. was the founder of modern historiography.
(a) Voltaire
(b) Rene Descartes
(c) Leopold Ranke
(d) Karl Marx
Answer:
(a) Voltaire

(2) ………… wrote the book entitled ‘Archaeology of Knowledge’.
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Michel Foucault
(c) Lucien Febvre
(d) Voltaire
Answer:
(b) Michel Foucault

(B) Identify and write the wrong pair in the following set.
(1) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel – ‘Reason in History’
(2) Leopold von Ranké – ‘The theory and Practice of History’
(3) Herodotus – ‘The Histories’
(4) Karl Marx – ‘Discourse on the Method’
Answer:
(1) Right pair: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel – ‘Reason in History’
(2) Right pair: Leopold von Ranké – ‘The theory and Practice of History’
(3) Right pair: Herodotus – ‘The Histories’
(4) Wrong pair: Karl Marx – Discourse on the Method.

Question 2.
Explain the following concepts.
(1) Dialectics
Answer:

• In order to understand the true nature of an event, one needs to know its opposite for e.g. True — False, Good — Bad, etc.
• A German philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel had put forward this method of analysis of history.
• A theory called ‘Thesis’ is proposed at the beginning. It is followed by another theory called Antithesis’ which is, contrary to ‘Thesis’.
• After a thorough logical discussion of both new thesis is proposed having gist of both (Thesis and Antithesis).
• This process of orriving at a new thesis is called Synthesis.
• This method of analysis of history which is based on opposites is known as ‘Dialectics’.

(2) Annales School
Answer:

• At the dawn of the twentieth century, the writing ¿f history got a new direction.
• Along with political events, kings, great leaders, the study of climate, local people, agriculture, trade, technology, means of communication, social divisions and their collective psychology of a group was also considered important in the study of history.
• This new school of thought is known as Annales School. Annales School was started by French historians.

Question 3.
Explain the following with its reason.
(1) Historical research was driven to focus in depth on various aspects of women’s life.
Answer:

• Initially, there was a lot of dominance of male perspective on historical writing. Simone de Beauvoir, a French scholar, insisted on inclusion of women perspective in historiography.
• She emphasised on the inclusion of women in the process of writing history.
• She insisted on rethinking of the male dominated perspective of history.
• Because of her efforts historical research was driven to focus in depth on various aspects of women’s lives their employment, their role in trade unions, institution working for their cause, and their family life.

(2) Foucault called his method, ‘the archaeology of knowledge’.
Answer:

• According to Michel Foucault, the prevailing method of arranging historical events in a chronological order was not right.
• He threw light on the fact that archaeology does not strive to reach the ultimate historical truth.
• It attempts to explain various transitions in the past.
• Foucault gave more importance for explaining the transitions in history. Hence, his method is called ‘the archaeology of knowledge’.

Question 4.
Complete the concept chart.

Answer:

Question 5.
Answer the following in detail.
(1) Explain Karl Marx’s ‘Class Theory’.

Answer:
In the latter part of nineteenth century, German thinker, Karl Marx put forward ‘Class Theory’ in his book ‘Das Kapital’.

According to him:

1. History i not about abstract ideas but living people. The fullillment of basic needs of people depends on the nature of prevalent means of production and the ownership.
2. All the different strata of the society do not get equal access to these means of production which causes the division of the society into classes. It rešults into class struggle.
3. The class which owns means of production $ economically exploits the rest of the classes. Human history, according to him, is the history of class struggle.

(2) What are the four characteristics of modern historiography?
Answer:
The following are the four characteristics of modern historiography:

1. Its method is based on scientific principles and begins with formation of relevant questions.
2. These questions are anthropocentric i.e. they are about ancient human societies and their deeds in that period of time. No interrelation between the divine and human needs is suggested.
3. Answers to these questions are supported by reliable evidence and they are presented in a logical order.
4. History presents a graph of man’s progress with the help of his deeds in the past.

(3) What is feminist historiography?
Answer:

• Feminist historiography means writing history with women perspective. There was a lot of dominance of male perspective on historical writing.
• Simone de Beauvoir, a French scholar, insisted on rethinking on the male dominated perspective and including the women’s perspective in historiography.
• The idea of feminist historiography was accepted.
• Because of her efforts various aspects of women’s lives like their employment, their role in trade unions and their family life became part of historiography.

(4) Explain Leopold von Ranké’s perspective of history?
Answer:
Leopold’s view on ways to write history throws light on his perspective of history:

1. He spoke about the critical method of historical research. He gave importance to information gathered through original documents.
2. He also stated that all types of original documents related to the historical event should be examined in detail and with great care.
3. He believed that with this method it was possible to reach the historical truth. He was critical of imagination in narration of history.

Historiography : Development In The West Questions And Answers Pdf Project
Obtain detailed information on your favourite subject and write its history. For example :
– History of Pen
– History of Printing technology
– History of Computers
Answer:

Memory Map

Question 6.
Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences:

(a) A scholar who writes critical historical narratives is known as ………………………… .
(a) an archaeologist
(b) a historian
(c) a social scientist
(d) a language expert
Answer:
(b) a historian

(b) The earliest inscription in the world is displayed at Louvre museum in ………………………… .
(a) England
(b) France
(c) Germany
(d) Portugal
Answer:
(b) France

(c) The tradition of recording historical events can be traced back to ………………………… civilization in Mesopotamia.
(a) Sumer
(b) Egyptian
(c) Arab
(d) Mohenjodaro
Answer:
(a) Sumer

(d) The tradition of modern historiography has its roots in the writings of ………………….. historiAnswer:
(a) Roman
(b) Greek
(c) German
(d) French
Answer:
(b) Greek

(e) ………………….., a Greek historian of the fifth century B.C.E., had used the term ‘History’ for the first time for his book entitled, ‘The Histories’.
(a) Leopold Ranke
(b) Georg Hegel
(c) Michel Foucault
(d) Herodotus
Answer:
(d) Herodotus

(f) In 1737 C.E., the ………………….. university in Germany had an independent department for history.
(a) Oxford
(b) Cambridge
(c) Gottingen
(d) Stanford
Answer:
(c) Gottingen

(g) Historiography of the nineteenth century was greatly influenced by the thoughts of …………………..
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Voltaire
(c) Georg Hegel
(d) Leopold von Ranke
Answer:
(d) Leopold von Ranke

(h) A new school of historiography arose in France known as ………………….. school.
(a) Translation
(b) Annales
(c) Nationalism
(d) Communist
Answer:
(b) Annales

(i) The method of analysis which is based on opposites is known as …………………. .
(a) Numismatics
(b) Arithmetic
(c) Polynomial
(d) Dialectics
Answer:
(d) Dialectics

(j) ………………….. considered subjects like psychological disorders, science of medicine, prison administration for historical analysis.
(a) Michel Foucault
(b) Leopold Ranke
(c) Karl Marx
(d) Voltaire
Answer:
(a) Michel Foucault

(k) After 1990, ………………….. were considered as an independent social class.
(a) labourers
(b) women
(c) men
(d) farmers
Answer:
(b) women

(l) According to ………………….., historical realities should be presented in a logical manner.
(a) Georg Hegel
(b) Voltaire
(c) Simone de Beauvoir
(d) Herodotus
Answer:
(a) Georg Hegel

(m) According to ………………….., one should never accept anything as the truth till all the doubts are solved.
(a) Rene Descartes
(b) Karl Marx
(c) Voltaire
(d) Herodotus
Answer:
(a) Rene Descartes.

Question 7.
Identify the wrong pair in the following and write it:
(1)

Thinker	Book
(1) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel	(a) Reason in History
(2) Leopold von Ranke	(b) The Theory and Practice of History
(3) Herodotus	(c) The Histories
(4) Karl Marx	(d) Discourse on the Method

Answer:
Wrong pair: Karl Marx – Discourse on the Method.

(2)

Historian	Country
(1) Herodotus	Greece
(2) Simone de Beauvoir	Germany
(3) Michel Foucault	France
(4) Rene Descartes	France

Answer:
Wrong pair: Simone de Beauvoir Germany.

(3)

Thoughts/Opinion	Historian
(1) All aspects of human life is important in the historiography	Voltaire
(2) He criticized imaginative narration.	Leopold von Ranke
(3) History is not about abstract ideas but about living people.	Rene Descartes
(4) Emphasized the rethinking of the male-dominated perspective of history.	Simone de Beauvoir

Answer:
Wrong pair: History is not about abstract ideas but about living people – René Descartes.

Question 8.
Complete the concept chart

Answer:

Answer:

Question 9.
Prepare a flow chart on the given topic:
Stages of historiography
Answer:

Question 10.
Write short notes:
(1) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel:
Answer:

• Georg Hegel was a German philosopher.
• He was of the view that the historical realities should be presented in a logical manner. According to him, Timelme was indicative of progress.
• He believed that presentation of history is bound to change as time passes because new evidence surfaces.
• His philosophy convinced many scholars that historical methods were not of lesser quality, though they differed from the scientific method.
• His lectures and articles are published in a book called ‘Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences’.
• His book ‘Reason in History’ is well known. He devised a method of analysis based on opposites known as Dialectics’.

(2) Karl Marx:
Answer:

1. Karl Marx was a German thinker in the nineteenth century. He wrote the world famous treatise Das Kapital’. According to him, history was not about abstract ideas but about living people.
2. He believed that human relationships are shaped by the fundamental needs of people and the ownership of prevalent ineczns of production to meet those needs.
3. He stated that unequal accessibility to the means of production creates à division in socièty leading to class struggle. His theory of class struggle is considered significant all over the world.
4. According to Marx, human history is the history of class struggle because the class which owns the means of production economically exploits the rest of the classes.

(3) Michel Foucault:
Answer:

• Michel Foucault was a twentieth century historian from France.
• He wrote the book ‘Archaeology of Knowledge’.
• In this book, he insisted that the prevailing practice of arranging historical events in a chronological order is not right.
• He gave importance to explaining the transitions that took place in history.
• He acknowledged the role of subjects such as science of medicine, psychological disorders, prison.
• Administration in historical analysis. This was not acknowledged by earlier historiAnswer:

(4) Leopold von Ranke:
Answer:

1. Leopold von Ranke, a German philosopher, laid emphasis on utmost importance of information gathered through original documents.
2. In order to reach historical truth, it was necessary to examine all documents related to historical event. He critcised the imaginative narration of history.
3. Collection of his articles are published in two books, entitled ‘The Theory and Practice of History’ and ‘The Secret of World History’.
4. Ranke had great influence on historiography of nineteenth century.

Question 11.
Give reasons:
(a) In historical research, it may not be possible to use the method of experiments and observation.
Answer:

1. In physical and natural sciences, experiment and observation method is used to establish laws that remain true irrespective of the time and space.
2. These laws can be tested and proved again and again.
3. In historical research, the events had already taken place in the past and we were not present in the historical time and space.
4. Moreover, these events cannot be recreated in the present time and space. Hence, experiment and observation method may not be used in historical research.

(b) Historiography in the 18th century gave importance to objectivity in history.
Answer:

• A remarkable progress was achieved in the fields of Philosophy and Science till the eighteenth century in Europe.
• It was believed that by applying scientific methods it was possible to study social and historical truths.
• In the later period, history and historiography witnessed a lot of philosophical discussion.
• This eliminated the imaginative and divine context in history and gave importance to objectivity.

Question 12.
Answer the following in 25-30 words:
(a) What is Historiography?
Answer:

1. The writing of critical historical narrative is called Historiography. A person who writes it is known as ‘Historian’. The following steps are helpful in writing historical narrative:
2. Information related to history is collected and analyzed.
3. The various sources are critically examined to understand the references regarding time and space in the given information as well as the conceptual framework used.
4. After examining the references of historical information, relevant questions related to these historical references are framed and hypotheseis are formulated.
5. In short, writing of critical historical narrative by following this method is known as historiography.

(b) What did Rene Descartes insist upon?
Answer:
French Philosopher Rene Descartes insisted on the following in writing historiography:

1. ‘Never to accept anything as true till all grounds of doubt are excluded’.
2. Hence, the reliability of a source like historical documents should be verified by critically examining them while writing history.

(c) Why is Voltaire said to be the founder of modern historiography?
Answer:
Voltaire, a french scholar, opined that it was important to consider the following aspects while writing history:

1. objective truth and chronology of events;
2. prevalent social traditions, agriculture, trade and economic system. It was because of his view that all aspects of human life was considered for history writing. Therefore, he is said to be the founder of modern historiography.

(d) What are the objectives of writing history?
Answer:
History is researched and written down with following objectives:

• To analyse the events in the past.
• To verify information about the historical events and their interconnections.
• To study in detail and remove imaginative element and bring forth the truth.
• To put the past events in chronological order.

(e) What progress was achieved in historiography in the eighteenth century?
Answer:
The following progress was achieved in historiography in the eighteenth century:

• Scientific methods were applied to study social and historical truths.
• Philosophical discourses revolving around divine phenomena were given less importance.
• Philosophical discussions focused more on the objectivity in history and historiography.
• Since the universities got an independent department of history, they became centres of historical studies.

Question 13.
Head the given passage carefully and answer the questions given below:
(a) Who is called a Historian?
Answer:
A scholar who writes critical historical narratives is called a Historian.

(b) Complete the concept chart.
Factors which determined historian’s

Answer:
Factors which determined historian’s

(c) How did the people in ancient societies preserve the events in the past?
Answer:
The ancient people preserved the events in the past so that they can pass them to the next generation. They used various means to do this:

• Narrating the stories of valour of ancestors to the next generation.
• Stories of their life preserved through cave paintings.
• Adopting story telling technique.
• Singing songs and ballads to impress events upon the minds of the new generation.

Question 14.
Answer the following questions in detail:
(a) Which experts do we need in order to prove the reliability of historical documents?
Answer:
The following experts are required to prove the reliability of historical documents:

• Language expert who can decipher the language and meaning of the document or the script on the inscription.
• One who can recognise the type of paper used and the period in which it was used.
• One who can understand the lettering style and the writing style of the author.
• Expert who has knowledge of different seals, i.e. stamps of authority used by the rulers.
• Historian who can interpret and do a comparative study of the references given in the document.

(b) Write Hegel’s view on history.
Answer:

• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher.
• He was of the view that the historical realities should be presented in a logical manner.
• He believed that presentation of history is bound to change as time passes because new evidence surfaces.
• He proposed a method of analysis based on opposites known as ‘Dialectics’.
• Hegel’s philosophy convinced many scholars that historical methods were not of lesser quality, though they differed from scientific methods.
• His lectures and articles are published in a book called ‘Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences’. His book ‘Reason in History’ is well known.

Question 15.
Observe the inscription in the picture and write information it:

Answer:

1. A fragment of the earliest inscription is shown in the above picture. It dates back to 4500 BCE.
2. It is displayed at the Louvre museum in France.
3. The inscriptions have names of Sumerian kings and stories of battles fought by them.
4. It shows a forward marching file of soldiers holding shields and spears. The General is in the front.
   Brain Teaser
   Hints:
   Down:
   • He used the word ‘History’ for the first time
   • He wrote the book ‘Discourse on the Method’
   • Presented Theory of ‘Dialectics’
   • He called his method ‘Archaeology of Knowledge’

Across:

• founder of modern historiography
• Criticised imaginative narration of history. Articles published in ‘The Secret of World History’
• Her writings helped in establishing the fundamentals of feminism
• He wrote ‘Das Kapital’
  

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Science Solutions Chapter 11 Reflection of Light Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Science Solutions Chapter 5 Acids, Bases and Salts

Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Reflection of Light Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions.

a. Explain the difference between a plane mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror with respect to the type and size of the images produced.
Answer:

	Plane mirror	Concave mirror	Convex mirror
Type of image	Virtual and Erect	Virtual (erect) as well as Real (inverted)	Virtual and Erect
Size of image	Same size	Diminished, Same size and magnified	Diminished

b. Describe the positions of the source of light with respect to a concave mirror in
1. Torch light
2. Projector lamp
3. Floodlight
Answer:
(a) Torch light: The source of light is placed at the focus.
(b) Projector lamp : The source of light is placed at the centre of curvature.
(c) Flood light : The source of light is placed just beyond the centre of curvature.

c. Why are concave mirrors used in solar devices?
Answer:

• Solar devices like solar cooker or solar water heater use solar energy to cook food or heat water.
• When sun rays fall on the concave mirror, they converge and come together in the focal plane.
• Due to convergence, the intensity of sun rays increases and the food or water is heated faster. Hence, concave mirrors are used in solar- devices.

d. Why are the mirrors fitted on the outside of cars convex?
Answer:

• A convex mirror is used as rear view mirror because they form erect, virtual, and diminished images.
• This, allows the driver to view a large area in a small mirror.

e. Why does obtaining the image of the sun on a paper with the help of a concave mirror burn the paper?
Answer:

• When sunrays fall on the concave mirror, they converge and come together in the focal plane.
• Due to convergence, the intensity of sunrays increases.
• Hence, image of the sun on a paper with the help of concave mirror bums the paper.

f. If a spherical mirror breaks, what type of mirrors are the individual pieces?
Answer:

• When a spherical mirror breaks into smaller pieces, the radius of curvature and focal length does not change.
• Hence, it will continue to behave like a spherical mirror only.

2. What sign conventions are used for reflection from a spherical mirror?
Answer:
According to the Cartesian sign convention, the pole of the mirror is taken as the origin. The principal axis is taken as the X-axis of the frame of reference. The sign conventions are as follows.

1. The object is always kept on the left of the mirror. All distances parallel to the principal axis are measured from the pole of the mirror.
2. All distances measured towards the right of the pole are taken to be positive, while those measured towards the left are taken to be negative.
3. The distance measured vertically upwards from the principal axis are taken to be positive.
4. The distance measured vertically downwards from the principal axis are taken to be negative.
5. The focal length of a concave mirror is negative while that of a convex mirror is positive.

3. Draw ray diagrams for the cases of images obtained in concave mirrors as described in the table on page 122.

Answer:
(a) A ray diagram for object at infinity for a concave mirror.

Image position	Nature of image
At focus	Real, inverted and point image

(b) A ray diagram for object beyond centre of curvature for a concave mirror.

An object beyond centre of curvature for a concave mirror

Image position	Nature of image
Between the centre of curvature and focus.	Real, inverted and diminished.

(c) A ray diagram for object at the centre of curvature for a concave mirror.

Object at centre of Curva fu re be a concave mirror.

Image position	Nature of image
At the centre of curvature.	Real, inverted and same size

(d) A ray diagram for object between F and C for a concave mirror.

Object between F & C for a concave mirror

Image position	Nature of image
Beyond the centre of curvature.	Real, inverted and magnified.

(e) A ray diagram for obj ect at focus for a concave mirror.

Object at focus for a concave mirror.

Image position	Nature of image
At infinity.	Real, inverted and highly magnified.

(f) A ray diagram for object between pole and focus for a concave mirror.

Image position	Nature of image
Behind the mirror.	Virtual, erect and magnified.

4. Which type of mirrors are used in the following?
Periscope, floodlights, shaving mirror, kaleidoscope, street lights, headlamps of a car.

Answer:

Objects	Type of Mirror
Periscope	Plane mirror
Floodlights	Concave mirror
Shaving mirror	Concave mirror
Kaleidoscope	Plane mirror
Street lights	Convex mirror
Head lamps of car	Concave mirror

5. Solve the following examples

a. An object of height 7 cm is kept at a distance of 25 cm in front of a concave mirror. The focal length of the mirror is 15 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be kept so as to get a clear image? What will be the size and nature of the image?
Solution:
Given: Object size (h₁) = 7 cm
Object distance (u) = -25 cm
Focal length (f) = -15cm
To find: Image distance (u) = ?
Image size (h₂) = ?

The screen should be kept 373 cm in front of the mirror. The image is real.

The height of the image is 10.5 cm, it is an inverted and enlarged image.

b. A convex mirror has a focal length of 18 cm. The image of an object kept in front of the mirror is half the height of the object. What is the distance of the object from the mirror?
Solution:
Given: Image size (h₂) = ¹/₂ h₁
Focal length (f) = 18 cm
To find: Object distance (u) ?

The object is placed in front of the convex mirror at a distance of 18 cm.

c. A 10 cm long stick is kept in front of a concave mirror having focal length of 10 cm in such a way that the end of the stick closest to the pole is at a distance of 20 cm. What will be the length of the image?
Solution:
Given: Object size (h₁) = 10 cm
Object distance (u) = -20 cm
Focal length (f) = -10 cm

The height of the image is 10 cm and it is a real and inverted image.

6. Three mirrors are created from a single sphere. Which of the following:
pole, centre of curvature, radius of curvature, principal axis – will be common to them and which will not be common?
Answer:

• Centre of curvature and Radius of curvature will be common for all three pieces.
• Pole and Principal axis will not be common.

Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Reflection of Light Intext Questions and Answers

Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Reflection Of Light Question 1.
What is light
Answer:
Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation that produces the sensation of vision.

9th Class Science Chapter 11 Reflection Of Light Exercise Question 2.
What is a mirror?
Answer:
A mirror is a reflecting surface which reflects light and creates clear images.

9th Class Science Chapter 11 Reflection Of Light Exercise Answer Question 3.
Principal Focus of Concave and Convex Mirror.
Answer:

Principal Focus of the Concave Mirror	Principal Focus of the Convex Mirror
(i) Incident rays which are parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror, after reflection from the mirror, meet at a particular point in front of the mirror on the principal axis. This point (F) is called the principal focus of the concave mirror. (ii) It is formed in front of the mirror. (iii) Focus of concave mirror is real.	(i) Incident rays parallel to the principal axis, after reflection, appear to come from a particular point behind the mirror lying along the principal axis. This point is called the principal focus of the convex mirror. (ii) It is formed behind the mirror. (iii) Focus of convex mirror is virtual.

9th Class Science Chapter 11 Reflection Of Light Notes Question 4.
If we hold a page of a book in front of a mirror, we see laterally inverted letters in the mirror. Why does it happen?
Answer:

• When we hold a page of a book in front of the mirror, the image of the words appear laterally inverted.
• The image of every point of the word is formed behind the mirror at the same distance from the mirror
• Because of this the left and right side of the image is interchanged.
• Hence, if we hold a page of a book in front of a mirror, we see laterally inverted letters in the mirror.

11 Reflection Of Light Exercise Question 5.
Which letters of the English alphabet form images that look the same as the original letters?
Answer:
A, H, I, M, O, T, U, V, W, X, Y

9th Science Chapter 11 Reflection Of Light Exercise Question 6.
When a person stands in front of a plane mirror, how is the image formed? What is the nature of the image?
Answer:

• The image of a person is formed from every point of the source, thereby forming an extended image of the whole source.
• The image formed would be virtual, upright and left-right reversed.

Answer the following questions:

Reflection Of Light Class 9 Questions And Answers Question 1.
Place two plane mirrors at an angle of 90a to each other. Place a small object between them. Images will be formed in both mirrors. How many images do you see? Now change the angle between the mirrors as given in the following table and count the number of images each time. How is this number related to the measure of the angle?
Answer:
The Relation between the angle between the mirrors and the number of images formed is given by
\(n=\frac{360^{\circ}}{\mathrm{A}}-1\)
n = number of images,
A = angle between the mirrors

Angle	Number of images
120°	2
90s	3
60®	5
45®	7
30®	11

Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Reflection of Light Additional Important Questions and Answers

Can you recall?

9th Class Science Chapter 11 Reflection Of Light Question 1.
What is meant by reflection of light and what are the types of reflection?
Answer:
The bouncing back of light when it hits an opaque surface is called reflection of light. The two types of reflection are regular and irregular reflection.

Reflection Of Light Class 9 Exercise Answers Question 2.
What are the laws of reflection.
Answer:

• The incident ray, reflected ray and normal all lie in the same plane at the point of incidence.
• The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
• The incident ray and the reflected ray lie on opposite sides of the normal.

Choose and the correct option:

Class 9th Science Chapter 11 Reflection Of Light Question Answer Question 1.
If the reflected rays do not actually meet, such an image is called as image.
(a) real
(b) virtual
(c) magnified
(d) inverted
Answer:
(b) virtual

Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Reflection Of Light Exercise Solutions Question 2.
In a plane mirror, the perpendicular distance of the image from the mirror is equal to
(a) the perpendicular distance of the source from the object.
(b) the perpendicular distance of the source from the mirror.
(c) the parallel distance of the source from the object.
(d) the parallel distance of the source from the mirror.
Answer:
(b) the perpendicular distance of the source from the mirror

Reflection Of Light Class 9 Notes Pdf Maharashtra Board Question 3.
The image formed in a convex mirror is always
(a) virtual, smaller and behind the mirror
(b) virtual, smaller and in front of the mirror
(c) real, smaller and behind the mirror
(d) real, smaller and in front of the mirror
Answer:
(a) virtual, smaller and behind the mirror

Reflection Of Light Class 9 Solutions Question 4.
images can be displayed on a screen.
(a) Virtual
(b) Real
(c) Virtual and erect
(d) Virtual and inverted
Answer:
(b) Real

9th Class Science Chapter 11 Reflection Of Light Exercise Pdf Question 5.
A concave mirror is also called as a mirror.
(a) converging
(b) diverging
(c) plane
(d) outward curved
Answer:
(a) converging

9th Science Chapter 11 Reflection Of Light Question 6.
The centre of the mirror surface is called its
(a) pole
(b) centre of curvature
(c) principal axis
(d) focus
Answer:
(a) pole

Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Question Answer Reflection Of Light Question 7.
According to the new sign convention, the of the mirror is taken as origin.
(a) focus
(b) pole
(c) optical centre
(d) centre of curvature
Answer:
(b) pole

Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Reflection Of Light Exercise Question 8.
A convex mirror is also called as a mirror.
(a) converging
(b) plane
(c) diverging
(d) inward curved
Answer:
(c) diverging

Reflection Of Light Class 9 Maharashtra Board Question 9.
In order to see the full image of a person standing in front of a mirror, the minimum height of the mirror must be
(a) same height as that of the person
(b) double the height of the person
(c) half the height of the person
(d) quarter the height of the person
Answer:
(c) half the height of the person

Reflection Of Light Exercise 9th Class Question 10.
If the inner surface of the spherical mirror is reflecting, then it is a mirror, and if the outer surface is reflecting then it is mirror.
(a) convex, concave
(b) convex, plane
(c) concave, plane
(d) concave, convex
Answer:
(d) concave, convex

9th Std Science Chapter 11 Reflection Of Light Question 11.
The image formed by a concave mirror is
(a) always virtual and erect
(b) always virtual and inverted
(c) virtual if the object is placed between the pole and the focus
(d) virtual if the object is beyond the focus
Answer:
(c) virtual if the object is placed between the pole and the focus

Question 12.
No matter how far you stand from a spherical mirror, your image appears erect. The mirror may be
(a) plane
(b) concave
(c) convex
(d) either plane or convex
Answer:
(d) either plane or convex

Question 13.
In case of a concave mirror, an erect image is
(a) real and enlarged
(b) real and diminished
(c) virtual and diminished
(d) virtual and enlarged
Answer:
(d) virtual and enlarged

Question 14.
A rear view mirror of a car is
(a) plane mirror
(b) concave mirror
(c) convex mirror
(d) cylindrical mirror
Answer:
(c) convex mirror

Question 15.
An image of an object placed at infinite distance from a concave mirror is formed at
(a) the focus of the mirror
(b) behind the mirror
(c) centre of curvature
(d) infinity
Answer:
(a) the focus of the mirror

Question 16.
A ray of light parallel to principal axis after reflection from concave mirror passes through
(a) centre of curvature
(b) focus
(c) pole
(d) optical centre
Answer:
(b) focus

Question 17.
The image made by a plane mirror is a image.
(a) real
(b) virtual
(c) inverted
(d) diminished
Answer:
(b) virtual

Question 18.
The size of the image of an object placed at the focus of a concave mirror is
(a) erect
(b) very large
(c) same size
(d) diminished
Answer:
(b) very large

Question 19.
For virtual images, the height is while for real images, it is
(a) positive, positive
(b) negative, positive
(c) negative, negative
(d) positive, negative
Answer:
(d) positive, negative

Find the odd man out:

Question 1.
Torches, flood lights, head lamps of vehicles, rear view mirror.
Answer:
Rear view mirror – In rear view mirrors, convex . mirror is used. Concave mirrors are used in the rest.

Question 2.
Side mirrors of cars, parking mirrors, flood lights, mirror fitted in shops.
Answer:
Flood lights – In flood lights concave mirror is used. Convex mirrors are used in the rest.

Question 3.
Virtual and enlarged, virtual and diminished, real and inverted, real and magnified
Answer:
Virtual and diminished type of image is not formed by a concave mirror. All the other types of images are formed by a concave mirror.

Question 4.
Image is laterally inverted, image is of same size, image is at same distance, image is diminished.
Answer:
Image is diminished is not a characteristic of image formed in a plane mirror. Rest of them are characteristics of plane mirror.

Answer the following in one sentence:

Question 1.
What kind of mirror will a doctor use to concentrate on teeth, eyes, ears etc.?
Answer:
The doctor will use a concave mirror to concentrate on teeth, eyes, ears etc.

Question 2.
What do the nature, position and size of the image depend on?
Answer:
The nature, position and size of the image depend upon the distance of the object from the reflecting surface.

Question 3.
Give the expression for mirror formula.
Answer:
\(\frac{1}{v}+\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{f}\)

Question 4.
State any four uses of concave mirror.
Answer:
Concave mirrors are used in torches, headlights, shaving mirrors, dentists’ mirrors, solar devices etc.

Question 5.
What are the two types of spherical mirror?
Answer:
Convex mirror and concave mirror are the two types of spherical mirror.

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Plane mirror	(a) Rear view mirror
(2) Concave mirror	(b) At laughing gallery
(3) Convex mirror	(c) At a hair dresser
(4) Irregular curved mirror	(d) At a dentist

Answer:
(1 – c),
(2 – d),
(3 – a),
(4 – b)

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Plane mirror	(a) Virtual and diminished image
(2) Concave mirror	(b) Virtual and same size image
(3) Convex mirror	(c) Real and inverted image

Answer:
(1 – b),
(2 – c),
(3 – a)

State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements:

(1) If the mirrors are kept at right angle to each other, then the number of images formed will be 4.
(2) A convex mirror is used in flood lights.
(3) A concave mirror always forms a magnified image.
(4) Images formed by convex mirrors are always virtual.
(5) The distance between the focus and the pole is called the radius of curvature.
(6) Reflection from a spherical mirror obeys laws of reflection.
(7) The reflecting surface of a concave mirror is curved.
(8) Distances measured in the direction of the incident light are taken as positive.
(9) If the image is erect, the height of the image is negative.
(10) A real image can be displayed on a screen.
(11) A concave mirror always forms a real and inverted image.
(12) Doctors use diverging beam of light to study teeth, ears and eyes.
Answer:
(1) False. if the mirrors are kept at right angle to each other then the number of images formed will be 3.
(2) False. a concave mirror is used in flood lights.
(3) False. a concave mirror can sometimes form a diminished image as well.
(4) True
(5) False. the distance between the focus and the pole is called the focal length.
(6) True
(7) True
(8) True
(9) False. if the image is erect, the height of the image is positive.
(10) True
(11) False. a concave mirror can also form a virtual and erect image.
(12) False. doctors use a converging beam of light to study teeth, ears and eyes.

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
A concave mirror is called a converging mirror.
Answer:

• When rays of light parallel to the principal axis are incident on concave mirror, they converge.
• After convergence, they meet at one point on the principal axis, hence concave mirror is called converging mirror.

Question 2.
Concave mirrors are used in torches and in car headlights.
Answer:

1. Concave mirrors are used in torches and car headlights because when a source of light is placed at the focus of a concave mirror, a parallel beam of light rays is obtained.
2. This helps us to see things upto a considerable distance in the darkness.

Question 3.
A dentist uses a concave mirror while examining teeth.
Answer:

• A concave mirror produces an erect, virtual and magnified image of an object placed between its pole and focus.
• A dentist uses this principle to get a clear and distinct image of teeth, hence, a dentist uses a concave mirror.

Solve the following numerlcals.

Tips for solving numerical:

• Object distance (u) is always -ve
• If Image distance (u) is +ve then image is behind the mirror and virtual. if u is -ve then image is in front of the mirror and real.
• Object height (h₁) is always +ve since it is erect.
• Image height (h₂) can be +ve for virtual and -ve for real.

Type – A

Question 1.
A bird is sitting in front of two plane mirrors inclined at an angle of 600 to each other. How many images does the bird see in the mirror?
Solution:
Given : Angle between mirror A = 60⁰
To find: Number of images formed n = ?

The brrd sees 5 images in the mirror.

Question 2.
A coin is kept in front of two plane mirrors inclined to each other. If 3 images of the coin are seen then what is the angle A between the mirrors?
Solution:
Given: no. of images formed n =3
To find: Angle between mirror A =?


The mirrors are inclined atan angle of 900 to each other.

Question 3.
An image is formed 5 cm behind a convex mirror of focal length 10 cm. At what distance is the object placed from the mirror?
Solution:
Given: Image distance (u) = 5 cm
Focal length (f) = 10 an
To find: Object distance (u) = ?

The object is placed at a distance of 10 cm in front of the mirror.

Question 4.
An object placed 20 cm in front of a convex mirror is found to have an image 15cm behind the mirror. Find the focal length of the mirror.
Solution:
Given: Object distance (u) = -20 cm
Image distance (u) = 15 cm
To find: focal length (f) = ?


The focal length of the convex mirror is 60 cm.

Numerical For Practice

Question 5.
An object is placed at a distance of 36 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 12 cm. Find the image distance.
Answer:
-18 cm

Question 6.
An arrow is placed at a distance of 25 cm from a diverging mirror of focal length 20 cm. Find the image distance.
Answer:
11.1 cm

Type – B

Question 1.
An object 4cm in height is placed at a distance of 36 cm from a concave mirror. The image is formed 18 cm in the front of the mirror. Find the height of the image.
Solution:
Given: Object height (h₁) = 4 cm
Image distance (u) = -18 cm
Object distance (u) = -36 cm
To find: Height of image (h₂) = ?

The height of the image is 2 cm and it is inverted.

Question 2.
An object 2 cm high is placed at a distance of 16cm from a concave mirror which produces a real image 3 cm high. Find the image distance.
Solution:
Given: Object height (h₁) = 2 cm
Object distance (u) = -16 cm
Image height (h₂) = -3 cm
To find: Image distance (u) = ?

The image is formed at a distance of 24 cm in front of the mirror.

Numericals For Practice

Question 3.
An object 10cm in height is placed at a distance of 36 cm from a concave mirror. 1f the image is formed at a distance of 18 cm in front of the mirror, find the height of the image.
Answer:
-5cm

Question 4.
A converging mirror forms a real image of height 4 cm of an object of height 1 cm placed 20 cm away from the mirror. Find the image distance.
Answer:
-80cm

Type – C

Question 1.
Rajashree wants to get an inverted image of height 5 cm of an object kept at a distance of 30 cm from a concave mirror. The focal length of the mirror is 10 cm. At what distance from the mirror should she place the screen? What will be the type of the image, and what is the height of the object?
Solution:
Given:
Focal length = f = -10 cm,
Object distance = u = -30 cm
Height of the image = h₂ = 7 cm
To find: Height of the object = h₁ = ?
Image distance = u =?

Rajashree has to place the screen 15 cm to the left of the mirror.
Magnification formula

The height of the object is 10 cm. Thus, the image will be real and diminished.

Question 2.
A 10 cm long stick is kept horizontally in front of the concave mirror having focal length of 10 cm in such a way that the end of the stick closest to the pole is at a distance of 20 cm. What will be the length of the image?
Solution:
The stick is kept parallel to the Principal axis. Distance between A and P is 20 cm. Say u₁ = 20 cm.
Hence, the other end of the stick is at distance, u₂ = (u₁ + 10) = 30 cm from pole of the mirror.

Using mirror formula for concave mirror,
Solution:

Here, negative signs indicate that images are formed on the left of the mirror.

The length of the image formed ?s given by, u = u₂ – u₁ = 15 – (-20) = 5cm.
The length of the image is 5 cm.

Numerical For Practice

Question 3.
An object 2 cm in height is placed at a distance of 16 cm from a concave mirror. If the focal length of the mirror is 9.6 cm., find the image distance, nature and size of the image.
Answer:
u = -24 an, h₂ = -3 cm; real, inverted and enlarged.

Question 4.
An arrow of 2.5cm height is placed at a distance of 25 cm from a diverging mirror of focal length 20 cm. Find the nature, position and size of the image formed.
Answer:
v = 11.1cm, h₁ = 1.1cm; virtual and in dimirrished form.

Define the following:

Question 1.
Centre of curvature of mirror (C)
Ans.
The centre of the sphere of which the mirror is a parte is called the centre of curvature of the mirror.

Question 2.
The radius of curvature (R)
Answer:
The radius of the sphere of which the mirror is a part, is called the radius of curvature of the mirror.

Question 3.
Pole (P)
Answer:
The centre of the mirror surface is called its pole.

Question 4.
The principal axis of a mirror
Answer:
The straight line passing through the pole and centre of curvature of the mirror is called its principal axis.

Question 5.
The focus of a concave mirror (F)
Answer:
Incident rays which are parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror, after reflection from the mirror, meet at a particular point in front of the mirror on the principal axis. This point (F) is called the principal focus of the concave mirror.

Question 6.
Focus of a convex mirror (F)
Answer:
Incident rays parallel to the principal axis, after reflection, appear to come from a particular point behind the mirror lying along the principal axis. This point is called the principal focus of the convex mirror.

Question 7.
Focal length of a mirror (f)
Answer:
The distance (f) between the pole and the principal focus of the mirror is called the focal length. This distance is half of the radius of curvature of the mirror. \(f=\frac{R}{2}\)

Answer the following in short:

Question 1.
What are the rules for drawing ray diagrams for the formation of image by spherical mirror?
Answer:
The rules are as follows :

• If an incident ray is parallel to the principal axis, then the reflected ray passes through the principal focus.
• If an incident ray passes through the principal focus of the mirror, the reflected ray is parallel to the principal axis.
• If an incident ray passes through the centre of curvature of the mirror, the reflected ray traces the same path back.

Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Convex mirror and Concave mirror
Answer:

Convex mirror	Concave mirror
(i) In a convex mirror, the reflecting surface is on the outer side. (ii) It is called a diverging mirror. (iii) The focus of a convex mirror is virtual. (iv) It can form only a virtual image. (v) It can form only a diminished image.	(i) In a concave mirror, the reflecting surface is on the inner side. (ii) It is called a converging mirror. (iii) The focus of a concave mirror is real. (iv) It can form a real as well as a virtual image. (v) It can form an enlarged, diminished as well as the same size image.

Question 2.
Real image and Virtual image
Answer:

Real image	Virtual image
(i) A real image is formed only when the reflected rays actually meet at a point. (ii) Real images can be obtained on a screen. (iii) All real images are inverted.	(i) A virtual image is formed only when the reflected rays appear to meet at a point. (ii) Virtual images cannot be obtained on a screen. (iii) All virtual images are erect.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
If we keep the mirrors parallel to each other, how many images will we see ?
Answer:
When two mirrors are kept parallel to each other infinite images are formed, this is because light gets reflected infinite times.

Answer in detail:

Question 1.
What sign conventions are used for reflection from a spherical mirror?
Answer:

According to the Cartesian sign convention, the pole of the mirror is taken as the origin. The principal axis is taken as the X-axis of the frame of reference. The sign conventions are as follows.

• The object is always kept on the left of the mirror. All distances parallel to the principal axis are measured from the pole of the mirror.
• All distances measured towards the right of the pole are taken to be positive, while those measured towards the left are taken to be negative.
• Distance measured vertically upwards from the principal axis are taken to be positive.
• Distance measured vertically downwards from the principal axis are taken to be negative.
• The focal length of a concave mirror is negative while that of a convex mirror is positive.

Question 2.
Draw ray diagrams for the image obtained in convex mirrors.
Answer:

Image position	Nature of image
Behind the mirror.	(A) Virtual, (B) Erect (C) Diminished

Question 3.
In order to see the full image of a person standing in front of a mirror, the minimum height of the mirror must be half the height of the person. Explain.
Answer:

Proof:

1. In the figure, the point at the top of the head, the eyes and a point at the feet of a person are indicated by H, E and F respectively.
2. R and S are midpoints of HE and EF respectively.
3. The mirror PQ is at a height of NQ from the ground and is perpendicular to it. PQ is the minimum height of the mirror in order to obtain the full image of the person.

For this, RP and QS must be perpendicular to the mirror.

Minimum height of the mirror
PQ = RS
= RE + ES
\(=\frac{\mathrm{HE}}{2}+\frac{\mathrm{EF}}{2}=\frac{\mathrm{HF}}{2}\)
= Half of the person’s height.

Question 4.
Determine the sign of magnification in each of the 6 cases in the table and verify that they are same using formulae
\(\mathbf{M}=\frac{h_{2}}{h_{1}}\) and \(\mathbf{M}=\frac{-v}{u}\)
Answer:

Question 5.
Explain the images formed by concave mirrors with respect to position of the image and object and also the Nature and size of image
Answer:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Solutions Chapter 10 बूढ़ी काकी Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions, and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Chapter 10 बूढ़ी काकी

Hindi Lokbharti 10th Std Digest Chapter 10 बूढ़ी काकी Textbook Questions and Answers

कृति

(कृतिपत्रिका के प्रश्न 3 (अ) के लिए

* सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

प्रश्न 1.

स्वभाव के आधार पर पात्र का नाम
१.	क्रोधी	………………….
२.	लालची	………………….
३.	शरारती	………………….
४.	स्नेहिल	………………….

उत्तर:

स्वभाव के आधार पर पात्र का नाम
१.	क्रोधी	रूपा
२.	लालची	बुद्धिराम
३.	शरारती	दोनों लड़के
४.	स्नेहिल	लाड़ली

प्रश्न 2.
कृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
बुद्धिराम का काकी के प्रति दुर्व्यवहार दर्शाने वाली चार बातें :
१) ………………….
४) ………………….
२) ………………….
४) ………………….
उत्तर :
(i) बूढ़ी काकी की संपत्ति अपने नाम लिखाते समय किए गए लंबे-चौड़े वादों को बुद्धिराम द्वारा न निभाना।
(i) बूढ़ी काकी को भरपेट भोजन न देना।
(iii) भोजन कर रहे मेहमानों के बीच रेंगती हुई बूढ़ी काकी के पहुँच जाने पर बुद्धिराम द्वारा निर्दयतापूर्वक पकड़कर उनकी कोठरी में ले जाकर पटक देना।
(iv) बूढ़ी काकी के व्यवहार से रुष्ट होने के कारण तिलक उत्सव में सभी मेहमानों और घरवालों के भोजन कर लेने के बाद भी बुद्धिराम द्वारा उन्हें खाने के लिए न पूछना।

प्रश्न 4.
कारण लिखिए :
a. बूढ़ी काकी ने भतीजे के नाम सारी संपत्ति लिख दी _____________________
b. लाड़ली ने पूड़ियाँ छिपाकर रखीं _____________________
c. बुद्धिराम ने काकी को अँधेरी कोठरी में धम से पटक दिया _____________________
d. अंग्रेजी पढ़े नवयुवक उदासीन थे _____________________
उत्तर:
a. बूढ़ी काकी के परिवार में अब एक भतीजे के सिवाय और कोई नहीं था, इसलिए उन्होंने भतीजे के नाम सारी संपत्ति लिख दी।
b. बुद्धिराम और रूपा दोनों ने ही बूढ़ी काकी को उनकी निर्लज्जता के लिए दंड देने का निश्चय कर लिया था। इसलिए बूढ़ी काकी को किसी ने नहीं पूछा।
c. बूढ़ी काकी रेंगती हुई भोजन कर रहे मेहमान मंडली के बीच पहुँच गई थी। इससे कई लोग चौंककर उठ खड़े हुए थे। बुद्धिराम को इससे गुस्सा आया और उसने काकी को वहाँ से उठाकर कोठरी में ले जाकर धम से पटक दिया।
d. अंग्रेजी पढ़े नवयुवक उदासीन थे, क्योंकि वे गँवार मंडली में बोलना अथवा सम्मिलित होना अपनी प्रतिष्ठा के प्रतिकूल समझते थे।

प्रश्न 5.
सूचना के अनुसार शब्द में परिवर्तन कीजिए :

उत्तर :

अभिव्यक्ति

‘बुजुर्ग आदर-सम्मान के पात्र होते हैं, दया के नहीं इस सुवचन पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर :
हमें यह बात याद रखनी चाहिए कि आज जो व्यक्ति बुजुर्ग है वह हमेशा बूढ़ा और असहाय नहीं था। वह भी पहले युवा था। उसने अपने परिवार का पालन-पोषण और उसकी देखरेख की थी। उसने तरह-तरह की समस्याओं का सामना किया था और उन्हें अपने तरीके से हल किया था। उसे जीवन जीने का अनुभव है। लेकिन वृद्ध हो जाने पर किसी-किसी परिवार में बुजुर्गों को किनारे कर दिया जाता है। उनकी सलाह या सुझाव को कोई महत्त्व नहीं दिया जाता। इस तरह के व्यवहार से बुजुर्गों को अपने सम्मान पर ठेस लगती महसूस होती है।

किसी-किसी परिवार में तो बुजुर्गों के खाने-पीने की भी किसी को चिंता नहीं रहती। घर के लोग अपने में मगन रहते हैं और बुजुर्गों का कोई ख्याल नहीं रखता। बुजुर्गों को खाने-पीने के लिए उनका मुँह ताकना पड़ता है। हमें यह बात नहीं भूलनी चाहिए कि हम इन बुजुर्गों की संतान हैं। उनको पर्याप्त सम्मान देना और उनकी हर प्रकार से देखरेख करना हमारा फर्ज है। बुजुर्गों की प्रसन्नता और उनके आशीर्वाद से ही परिवार फूलता-फलता और खुशहाल रहता है। इसलिए बुजुर्गों को हमें सदा आदर-सम्मान देना चाहिए और उनकी देखरेख करनी चाहिए।

भाषा बिंदु

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित क्रियाओं के प्रथम तथा द्वितीय प्रेरणार्थक रूप लिखिए :

मूल क्रिया	प्रथम प्रेरणार्थक रूप	द्वितीय प्रेरणार्थक रूप
भूलना	……………………….	……………………….
पीसना	……………………….	……………………….
माँगना	……………………….	……………………….
तोड़ना	……………………….	……………………….
बेचना	……………………….	……………………….
कहना	……………………….	……………………….
नहाना	……………………….	……………………….
खेलना	……………………….	……………………….
खाना	……………………….	……………………….
फैलना	……………………….	……………………….
बैठना	……………………….	……………………….
लिखना	……………………….	……………………….
जुटना	……………………….	……………………….
दौड़ना	……………………….	……………………….
देखना	……………………….	……………………….
जीना	……………………….	……………………….

उत्तर :

प्रश्न 2.
पठित पाठों से किन्हीं दस मूल क्रियाओं का चयन करके उनके प्रथम तथा द्वितीय प्रेरणार्थक रूप निम्न तालिका में लिखिए :

मूल क्रिया	प्रथम प्रेरणार्थक रूप	द्वितीय प्रेरणार्थक रूप
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….
……………………….	……………………….	……………………….

उत्तर :

उपयोजित लेखन

मेरा प्रिय वैज्ञानिक’ विषय पर निबंध लेखन कीजिए।
उत्तर :
यों तो दुनिया में एक-से-एक बड़े वैज्ञानिक हैं, पर मेरे प्रिय वैज्ञानिक तो सर जगदीशचंद्र बोस ही हैं। सर जगदीशचंद्र बोस की बात ही निराली है। उन्होंने यह सिद्ध करके बता दिया कि पेड़-पौधे भी हमारी तरह साँस लेते हैं और उन्हें पानी और भोजन की आवश्यकता होती है। उनमें भी जान होती है। यदि पेड़-पौधों को सताया या कष्ट दिया जाए, तो वे बीमार हो जाते हैं और उनकी प्रकृति के विरुद्ध उन्हें भोजन दिया जाए अथवा जहरीला रसायन दिया जाए, तो वे मर जाते हैं। वैसे पेड़-पौधों के संपर्क में रहने वाले प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को मालूम होता है कि पेड़-पौधों को नुकसान पहुँचाने या विषैले पदार्थों के संपर्क में आने से वे क्षतिग्रस्त या मृत हो सकते हैं, पर इस बात को सिद्ध किया था सर जगदीशचंद्र बोस ने।

अपने शोध को सिद्ध करने के लिए उन्होंने खुद चुंबकीय क्रेश्कोग्राफ नामक यंत्र तैयार किया। उन्होंने इस यंत्र की सहायता से सब के सामने अपने प्रयोग से यह सिद्ध कर दिया कि पेड़-पौधों में जीवन होता है और प्राणियों की तरह उनमें भी विभिन्न क्रियाएँ होती हैं। इस प्रकार के सूक्ष्म रहस्य का उद्घाटन करने वाले वे पहले वैज्ञानिक थे। वे सच्चे अर्थों में एक महान वैज्ञानिक थे। ऐसे महान वैज्ञानिक पर हमें गर्व है।

Hindi Lokbharti 10th Textbook Solutions Chapter 10 बूढ़ी काकी Additional Important Questions and Answers

गद्यांश क्र.1
प्रश्न. निम्नलिखित पठित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

कृति 1 : (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए :


उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
उत्तर लिखिए :
(i) बूढ़ी काकी का शारीरिक स्वास्थ्य –
(ii) बूढ़ी काकी के परिवार में अब बचा एकमात्र सदस्य –
(iii) बुद्धिराम ने इस तरह लिखाई बूढ़ी काकी की संपत्ति –
(iv) बूढ़ी काकी के रोने का ढंग –
उत्तर:
(i) बूढ़ी काकी के नेत्र, हाथ, पैर आदि सभी अंग जवाब दे चुके थे।
(ii) उनका भतीजा बुद्धिराम।
(iii) खूब लंबे-चौड़े वादे करके।
(iv) बूढ़ी काकी गला-फाड़कर रोती थीं।

प्रश्न 3.
आकृति में दिए गए रिक्त स्थानों में उत्तर लिखकर आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए :

उत्तर:

कृति 2 : (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

प्रश्न.
बुढ़ापा बहुधा बचपन का पुनरागमन होता है’ इस विषय पर अपने विचार 25 से 30 शब्दों में व्यक्त कीजिए।
उत्तर :
कहते हैं, बुढ़ापा बचपन का ही एक रूप है। वृद्धावस्था : में मनुष्य की हरकतें बच्चों जैसी हो जाती हैं। इस अवस्था में मनुष्य के अंग-प्रत्यंग कमजोर हो जाते हैं और उन्हें बच्चों की तरह दूसरों का सहारा लेना पड़ता है। दिमाग कमजोर हो जाता है। दाँत गिर जाते हैं और मनुष्य का मुँह बच्चों की तरह पोपला हो जाता है। इतना ही नहीं, बच्चों की तरह ही वृद्धों को भी मान-अपमान की परवाह नहीं होती। जिस तरह लोग बच्चों की बातों पर ध्यान नहीं देते, उसी तरह वृद्धों की बातों पर भी कोई ध्यान नहीं देता। उनकी इच्छा-अनिच्छा का भी कोई महत्त्व नहीं होता। इस तरह वृद्धावस्था और बचपन की अधिकांश बातों में समानता होती है। इसलिए कहा जा सकता है कि बुढ़ापा बहुधा बचपन का पुनरागमन होता है।

गद्यांश क्र.2
प्रश्न. निम्नलिखित पठित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

कृति 1 : (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए :

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए :

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
कारण लिखिए :
(i) उत्सव के दिन बूढ़ी काकी को अपनी स्थिति पर रोना आया, पर वे रो नहीं सकीं।
उत्तर:
(i) उत्सव के दिन बूढ़ी काकी को अपनी स्थिति पर रोना आया, पर वे रो नहीं सकीं, क्योंकि उन्हें रूपा का डर था।

प्रश्न 4.
त्तर लिखिए :
मुखराम के तिलक उत्सव की तैयारियाँ :
उत्तर:
मुखराम के तिलक उत्सव की तैयारियाँ :
(i) पूड़ियाँ-कचौड़ियाँ निकल रही थीं।
(ii) एक बड़े हंडे में मसालेदार तरकारी पक रही थी।

कृति 2 : (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

प्रश्न.
‘बुढ़ापा तृष्णा रोग का अंतिम समय है’ इस विषय पर अपने विचार 25 से 30 शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर :
मनुष्य के जीवन की चार अवस्थाएँ होती हैं – बचपन, किशोरावस्था, युवावस्था और बुढ़ापा। अपने जीवन में मनुष्य की तरह-तरह की कामनाएँ होती हैं और उनकी पूर्ति करने का वह भरसक प्रयास करता है। बचपन से लेकर युवावस्था तक मनुष्य को अपनी कामनाओं की जल्द से जल्द पूरी होने की उतनी चिंता नहीं रहती, जितनी बुढ़ापे में। वृद्धावस्था में मनुष्य के जीवन के गिने-चुने वर्ष ही बचे होते हैं। इसलिए उसका प्रयास यह होता है कि अपने बचे-खुचे दिनों में वह अपनी सारी कामनाएं पूरी कर ले। ऐसे में उसे किसी भी तरह अपने उद्देश्य को पूरा कर लेना उचित जान पड़ता है। उसके लिए उसे बुरे-भले, मान-अपमान की परवाह नहीं होती। उसका लक्ष्य येनकेन प्रकारेण अपनी इच्छा पूरी करना होता है। इस प्रकार बुढ़ापा तृष्णा रोग का अंतिम समय है।

गद्यांश क्र.3
प्रश्न. निम्नलिखित पठित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1 : (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
उत्तर लिखिए :

उत्तर :

प्रश्न 2.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए :

उत्तर :

कृति 2 : (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

प्रश्न.
‘लड़कों का बूढों से स्वाभाविक विवेष होता ही है’ इस विषय पर अपने विचार 25 से 30 शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर :
लड़कों और बूढ़ों के बीच पीढ़ियों का अंतर होता है। लड़कों और बूढ़ों में हर बात को लेकर अंतर होना स्वाभाविक है। अधिकांश बूढ़ों की आदत होती है कि वे हर बात को अपने ढंग से सोचते हैं। वे उसमें अपने जमाने की विचारधारा थोपने की कोशिश करते हैं। इसका कारण यह है कि किसी चीज के बारे में उनकी एक धारणा बनी होती हैं। हर बात को वे अपने पैमाने पर कसने की कोशिश करते हैं। जब कि नई पीढ़ी के लड़कों की सोच अलग ढंग की होती हैं। उन्हें पुराने दकियानूसी विचार पसंद नहीं आते। इसलिए बात-बात पर दोनों के विचारों में टकराव होता है। इस तरह लड़कों और बूढ़ों में स्वाभाविक विद्वेष होता है।

गद्यांश क्र. 4
प्रश्न. निम्नलिखित पठित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई । सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

कृति 1 : (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए :

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
उत्तर लिखिए :

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
कारण लिखिए :
(i) घरवालों ने भोजन किया, परंतु बूढ़ी काकी को किसी ने नहीं पूछा –
(ii) रात के ग्यारह बज गए थे। लाड़ली की आँखों में नींद न थी –
उत्तर:
(i) लाड़ली उन पूड़ियों को बूढ़ी काकी के पास ले जाना चाहती थी, ताकि वे उन्हें खा सके।
(ii) बूढ़ी काकी को पूड़ियाँ खिलाने की खुशी लाड़ली को सोने न देती थी।

गद्यांश क्र.5
प्रश्न. निम्नलिखित पठित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

कृति 1 : (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए :


उत्तर :

प्रश्न 2.
कारण लिखिए :
(i) रूपा का हृदय सन्न हो गया –
(ii) रूपा बैठी स्वर्गीय दृश्य का आनंद लेने में निमग्न थी –
उत्तर:
(i) रूपा का हृदय सन्न हो गया, क्योंकि उसने देखा कि बूढ़ी काकी पत्तलों पर से पूड़ियों के टुकड़े उठा-उठाकर खा रही हैं।
(ii) रूपा बैठी स्वर्गीय दृश्य का आनंद लेने में निमग्न थी, क्योंकि बूढ़ी काकी भोले बच्चों की तरह सब कुछ भूलकर बैठी हुई खाना खा रही थीं और उनके एक-एक रोएँ से सच्ची सदिच्छाएँ निकल रही थीं।

प्रश्न 3.
रिश्ता पहचानिए :
(i) बूढ़ी काकी, रूपा की लगती हैं –
(ii) रूपा, बूढ़ी काकी की लगती हैं –
उत्तर:
(i) बूढ़ी काकी, रूपा की लगती हैं – चचेरी सास।
(ii) रूपा, बूढ़ी काकी की लगती है – बहू।

कृति 2 : (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

प्रश्न.
शादी-ब्याह अथवा पारिवारिक समारोहों में प्रीतिभोज में अनाप-शनाप खर्च करना कितना उचित’ विषय पर अपने विचार 25 से 30 शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर :
हमारे देश में शादी-ब्याह तथा छोटे-मोटे पारिवारिक समारोहों में प्रीतिभोज में लोगों को खिलाने-पिलाने की पुरानी परंपरा चली आ रही है। समर्थ व्यक्तियों को इस तरह का खर्च करना ज्यादा नहीं अखरता, पर आर्थिक दृष्टि से कमजोर लोगों के लिए इस तरह के ३ खर्च का भार उठाना मुश्किल होता है। पर सामाजिक बंधनों तथा अपने ३ नाम के लिए ऐसे समारोह आयोजित करना आज एक फैशन हो गया । हैं। यह फैशन दिनोदिन बढ़ता ही जा रहा है। कुछ लोग तो अपनी प्रतिष्ठा बढ़ाने के लिए कर्ज लेकर लोगों को बुलाकर खिलाते-पिलाते ३ हैं। बाद में यह कर्ज चुकाना उनके लिए समस्या बन जाता है और उन्हें अपनी जायदाद बक बेचनी पड़ जाती है। लोगों को इस तरह के उत्सवों में अनावश्यक रूप से पैसे उड़ाने से बाज आना चाहिए। इस तरह के उत्सवों-समारोहों में अनाप-शनाप खर्च करना अपने ऊपर एक तरह का आर्थिक बोझ लादना है, जिससे कोई लाभ नहीं होता।

उपक्रम/कृति/परियोजना

श्रवणीय
बड़ों से कोई ऐसी कहानी सुनिए जिसके आखिरी हिस्से में कठिन परिस्थितियों से जीतने का संदेश मिल रहा हो।

संभाषणीय
वृद्धाश्रम’ के बारे में जानकारी इकट्ठा करके चर्चा कीजिए।

लेखनीय
‘भारतीय कुटुंब व्यवस्था’ पर भाषण के मुद्दे लिखिए।
उत्तर:
भारतीय कुटुंब व्यवस्था के मुद्दे :

• कुटुंब किसे कहते हैं?
• प्राचीन भारतीय कुटुंब।
• आधुनिक कुटुंब।
• कुटुंब व्यवस्था में बदलाव के कारण।
• कुटुंब व्यवस्था के आधार।
• कुटुंब बनने-टूटने के कारण।
• कुटुंब की आवश्यकता।
• संयुक्त कुटुंब एवं एकल कुटुंब से लाभ-हानि।
• वसुधैव कुटुंबकम्।

पठनीय
‘चलती-फिरती पाठशाला’ उपक्रम के बारे में जानकारी इकट्ठी करके पढ़िए और सुनाइए।

बूढ़ी काकी Summary in Hindi

विषय – प्रवेश : ‘बूढ़ी काकी’ कथा उन दयनीय व्यक्तियों की व्यथा है, जिन्हें परिस्थितिवश मजबूरी में अपनी पूरी संपत्ति किसी अन्य व्यक्ति को सौंपनी पड़ती है और खुद उसकी दया पर जीना पड़ता है। बूढ़ी काकी अपने पति और जवान बेटों की मृत्यु के पश्चात अपने एकमात्र भतीजे बुद्धिराम के वादों पर विश्वास करके अपनी सारी संपत्ति उसके नाम लिख देती हैं। लेकिन थोड़े दिनों के बाद ही ऐसी स्थिति हो जाती है कि उसे पेट भर भोजन मिलना भी मुश्किल हो जाता है। एक बार तो बूढ़ी काकी के जीवन में ऐसी घटना घटती है, जिसके बारे में जानकर दिल दहल उठता है।

बुद्धिराम के बेटे के तिलक समारोह में सभी मेहमान और घर के सभी लोग भोजन कर सोने चले जाते हैं, पर बूढ़ी काकी को खाने के लिए कोई नहीं पूछता। भूख से व्याकुल बूढ़ी काकी रात के अंधेरे में कूड़े में फेंकी गई पत्तलों पर छूटे जूठन को बीन–बीनकर खाकर अपना पेट भरती हैं। बुद्धिराम की पत्नी रूपा यह दृश्य देखती है, तो उसकी रूह काँप उठती है और वह इस अधर्म के लिए ईश्वर से क्षमा करने की प्रार्थना करती है और बूढ़ी काकी को परोसकर भरपेट भोजन कराती है और उससे अपनी भूल के लिए बुरा न मानने के लिए कहती है।

बूढ़ी काकी मुहावरे – अर्थ

• सब्जबाग दिखाना – बड़े–बड़े झूठे वादे करना।
• गला फाड़ना – शोर करना, चिल्लाना।
• लाले पड़ना – किसी चीज के लिए तरसना।
• उबल पड़ना – क्रोधित होना।
• पानी उतर जाना – बेइज्जत होना।
• होंठ चाटना – कोई स्वादिष्ट पदार्थ अधिक खाने की इच्छा रखना।
• कलेजे में हूक सी उठना – मन में दुख होना।
• कलेजा पसीजना – दया आना।
• हृदय सन्न रह जाना – घोर आश्चर्य में डूब जाना।
• छाती पर सवार होना – सामने अड़े रहना।
• दम घुटना – हवा की कमी के कारण या गर्मी की अधिकता से साँस रुकना।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 1.2 The Thief’s Story Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 1.2 The Thief’s Story

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 1.2 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Thief’s Story Class 10 Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board Question 1.
Read the following incident.
Lokesh had always been a class-topper in tests and examinations. However, invariably, he used foul means during exams to gain those high marks.

Once, on the day of History examination, Lokesh realized that his classmate and friend Farhan came all prepared for Maths instead of History. Farhan had become desperate. So Lokesh offered to let him copy from his answer-sheet, since Farhan sat just behind him.

Farhan refused. He said, ‘‘It’s all right even if I get a zero, but I can call it my own zero. I do not want to score a single mark, unearned. Cheating in exams is for cowards. Not me!’’

These words were a turning point in Lokesh’s life. He gave up cheating for ever. He worked hard for what he desired and never, ever used false measures to acquire anything.

(a) In the given story, which words/phrases can be replaced by the following ones?
(i) became aware …………………………
(ii) always …………………………
(iii) very upset and helpless …………………………
(iv) cheating …………………………
(v) without working for it …………………………
(vi) a sudden change …………………………
(vii) gain/achieve …………………………
Answer:
(i) became aware – realized
(ii) always – invariably
(iii) very upset and helpless – desperate
(iv) cheating – foul means
(v) without working for it – unearned
(vi) a sudden change – a turning point
(vii) gain/achieve – acquire

(b) Summarize the incident in 6 to 8 lines making Lokesh, the narrator :
Begin with : ‘I was always a class topper.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
I was always a class topper in tests and examinations. However, I have to accept that I invariably used false means to gain those high marks. Once, on the day of the History examination, Farhan became desperate as he had come prepared for Maths instead of History. I offered to let him copy from my answer sheet, but Farhan refused, saying that he did not want to score a single unearned mark, and that cheating was for cowards. This was the turning point in my life, and from that day I gave up cheating and learnt to work hard for whatever I wanted.

The Thief’s Story Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram.

Answer:

The Thief’s Story English Workshop Question 2.
Insert the appropriate word/phrase given below, in the sentences that follow. ( flattery, appealing, by fits and starts, dashed to, undetected, spirits rose )

(a) I …………………………… the school gate when I heard the school-bell ring.
Answer:
I dashed to the school gate when I heard the school-bell ring.

(b) After the death of my pet dog, my …………………………… when dad got me a new pup.
Answer:
After the death of my pet dog, my spirits rose when dad got me a new pup.

(c) Do not stoop to …………………………… just to gain something from someone.
Answer:
Do not stoop to flattery just to gain: something from someone.

(d) The artist completes his paintings …………………………… .
Answer:
The artist completes his paintings by fits and starts.

(e) The crime went …………………………… for 11 years.
Answer:
The crime went undetected for 11 years.

(f) When the baby saw its mother it gave an …………………………… smile.
Answer:
When the baby saw its mother, it gave an appealing smile.

The Thief’s Story Question And Answers Pdf SSC Question 3.
(a) Find from the text the collocation for the following.
(i) ……………………… dog
(ii) ……………………… man
(iii) ticket ………………………
(iv) ……………………… slowly
(v) ……………………… drizzle
(vi) ……………………… sentences
(vii) ……………………… spirits.
Answer:
(i) stray dog
(ii) greedy man
(iii) ticket office
(iv) walked slowly
(v) light drizzle
(vi) whole sentences
(vii) spirits rose

(b) Complete the compound words from the story.
(i) oil ………………………
(ii) fifty ………………………
(iii) easy ………………………
(iv) tower ………………………
(v) moon ………………………
Answer:
(i) oil rich
(ii) fifty rupee
(iii) easy going
(iv) clock tower
(v) moon light.

(c) Pick out from the story 3 or 4 examples of Code-mixing (Indian words used in English).
Answer:
Examples of code-mixing are:

• bazaar,
• maidan,
• pajamas.

The Thief Story Class 10 Question 4.
Read the story carefully and complete the table.

Total no. of characters	Names	Age	Physical appearance	Earned money by	Qualities

Answer:

Total no. of characters	Names	Ages	Physical appearance	Earned money by	Qualities
2	Anil	25	tall, lean, with a clear, unlined face	writing for magazines; writing books	kind, simple, easy-going, pleasant, forgiving, tactful
	Hari	15	thin, with many scars on the face	stealing and cheating people	cunning, shrewd, insincere, untruthful, ambitious, grateful

The Thief Story Class 10 Solutions Question 5.
Complete the given sentences.

(a) Anil kept Hari as a cook because ………………………..
(b) Hari was grateful ………………………..
(c) Hari continued making money ………………………..
(d) Anil didn’t hand Hari over to the police ………………………..
(e) The moral of the story is ………………………..
Answer:
(a) Anil kept Hari as a cook because he wanted someone to cook for him. He perhaps also felt sorry for Hari.
(b) Hari was grateful because Anil was teaching him to read, write and add numbers, and all this would be useful to him in his life.
(c) Hari continued making money by cheating Anil while buying the day’s supplies.
(d) Anil was probably too kind-hearted to hand Hari over to the police. He might also have thought that he could try to make an honest man of Hari. If he had handed Hari over to the police, Hari would’ probably have been very bitter and angry, and would have continued in his dishonest ways.
(e) The moral of the story is that if we are good, people are good to us in return. Even thieves respect goodness and kindness.

Question 6.
Think and write in your own words, in your notebook.

(a) Why did Anil employ Hari as a cook, although he could not afford to pay him?
Answer:
Anil wanted someone to cook for him. He felt that perhaps Hari could cook for him, and in i return he could feed him, as he could not afford to pay him. Anil was also kind-hearted and probably felt / sorry for Hari.

(b) What did Hari learn from Anil in the beginning?
Answer:
In the beginning, Anil taught Hari to cook and write his name.

(c) Why didn’t Anil hand over Hari to the police? What effect would it have had on Hari?
Answer:
Anil was probably too kind-hearted to hand Hari over to the police. He might also have thought that he could try to make an honest man of Hari. If he had handed Hari over to the police, Hari would’ probably have been very bitter and angry, and would have continued in his dishonest ways. Not handing him over to the police had a positive effect on Hari, and may have changed the way he lived his life.

(d) Do you feel Anil’s way of handling a thief like Hari was effective? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes, Anil’s way of handling a thief like Hari was effective. Anil knew that Hari was not a hardened seasoned thief. He had realized that Hari really wished to learn to write whole sentences, get an education and become a big man. So by forgiving him and giving him the motivation to learn, he changed Hari. Handing him over to the police would have branded Hari a thief for life and the sudden reform might never have been possible.

(e) What tact had Anil used to change Hari’s dishonest ways?
Answer:
Anil had ignored Hari’s attempts at robbing him. He had then encouraged Hari by saying that they would start writing sentences, for he knew that I this was what Hari wished for wholeheartedly. Anilprovided motivation for Hari to change his ways.

(f) ‘And the smile came by itself without any effort.’ Say why. When do people give fake smiles?
Answer:
People give fake smiles when they are not happy with the situation they are in, or they realize that the other person is trying to cheat them or they want to get something.

Question 7.
Write a character sketch of ‘Hari Singh’ with the help of the following points, using the paragraph format.
Hari Singh’ s background ……………………….
His dishonesty ……………………….
His aspirations ……………………….
His courage to change himself. ……………………….
Answer:
Hari Singh was fifteen years old, but already an experienced and fairly successful thief. He used to change his name frequently so as to hoodwink his former employers and the police. He even cheated Anil when he went to buy the daily supply of groceries. However, he wished to get an education so that he could become a big and respected man, who would be able to achieve a lot.

He stole a large sum of money from Anil, but regretted it when he realized that in doing so he had lost his only chance of getting an education. He was courageous enough to return the money, even though he knew that he might be caught in the process. However, his desire to change himself is so great that it motivates him and gives him courage to return to Anil.

Question 8.
Frame ‘Wh’ questions to get the answers underlined below. (Change the first-person pronouns to the second person where necessary.)
(a) I hurried back to the room.
(b) I had made a study of men’s faces.
(c) I drew them out, without a sound.
(d) The poor man showed acceptance.
(e) I made tea in the morning.
Answer:
(a) Where did you hurry back to?
(b) What had you made?
(c) How did you draw them out?
(d) Who showed acceptance?
(e) When did you make tea?

Question 9.
Imagine that Anil catches Hari red-handed when Hari is stealing the money from under the mattress. Compose a short dialogue between the two, which reflects Anil’s shock and Hari’s repeated apologies.
Answer:
Anil: Who’s that? Hari? What are you doing?
Hari: Um..nothing; I was just seeing if your money was safe.
Anil: You mean you were trying to steal my money. You are dressed; you were planning to rob me and run away! Yes, that’s it!
Hari: I’m sorry, Anil, I’m sorry.
Anil: How can you steal from the hand that feeds you? I thought you would have improved! Don’t you want to read and write properly? Do maths?
Hari: I did not think about it. I’m sorry, really sorry.
Anil: Alright, I’ll overlook this, providing you promise I me never to steal again, from me or from anyone else.
Hari: Yes, yes, I promise. Will you really forgive me and continue to teach me?
Anil: Yes. I hope you keep your word,
Hari: Thank you. I’ll keep my word. I promise. Sorry once again.

Question 10.
Choose the correct alternatives from the given options and rewrite the sentences:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.) (appealing, casually, flattery, well-oiled)
Answer:

• I followed casually.
• Anil talked about the well-oiled wrestlers.
• I gave him my most appealing smile.
• A little flattery helps in making friends.

Question 11.
The narrator changed his name every month.
Answer:
The narrator was a thief. He changed his name every month to fool the police and his former employers.

Question 12.
Find similar meanings from the passage for the following:
(1) endearing
(2) miscalculated
(3) humbly
(4) awful
Answer:
(1) appealing
(2) misjudged
(3) modestly
(4) terrible.

Question 13.
I can’t pay you. (Rewrite making it affirmative.)
Answer:
I am unable to pay you.

Question 14.
“I want to work for you,” I said.
(Change into indirect speech.)
Answer:
I said that I wanted to work for him.

Question 15.
‘We should learn from our own mistakes.’ Explain.
Answer:
First of all, we should accept and understand that we have made a mistake. Then we should analyse and find out what went wrong. Everyone makes l mistakes, but we should learn our lesson from them,Only then will we be able to progress and become good human beings. However, learning from the mistakes of others is probably a better option.

Question 16.
Write whether the following sentences are True or False: (The answers are given directly and: underlined.)
Answer:
(1) In the beginning, Anil taught Hari to cook and write his name. – True
(2) Anil writes for magazines for a living. – True
(3) Hari liked working for Anil. – True
(4) Anil kept a small bundle of notes in a cupboard. – False

Question 17.
Describe the favors Anil did for the narrator.
Answer:
Anil took Hari to his room and told him that he could sleep on the balcony. Even though the meal that Hari cooked that night was terrible, Anil allowed him to live with him. He later taught Hari to cook and write his name. He also ignored the fact that Hari made a little money by cheating him while buying the day’s supplies.

Question 18.
What proves that the narrator still practiced deceit?
Answer:
The narrator cheated his employer Anil while buying the day’s supplies. This proves that he still practiced deceit.

Question 19.
Anil gave it to a stray dog and told me to be off.
Answer:
gave, told – simple past tense.

Question 20.
It seems he wrote for magazines – a queer way to make a living.
Answer:
seems – simple present tense; wrote – simple past tense.

Question 21.
Add a question tag:
Anil kept worrying about his next cheque.
Answer:
Anil kept worrying about his next cheque, didn’t he?

Question 22.
Anil knew he was being robbed yet he did not say anything. What would you have done in Anil’s place?
Answer:
Cheating and robbing small amounts can lead to bigger thefts. If I were Anil, the moment I knew that I was being robbed, I would have warned him. If he cheated again, I would certainly have told him to be off.

Question 23.
Explain how Hari justified his intention of < stealing the money.
Answer:
Hari thought that he was out of practice and that it was time that he stole some big amount. He also felt that it was alright to take the money for Anil ! did not pay him a salary. Hari tried to justify his act s by convincing himself that Anil, otherwise, would.havewasted that money on his friends.

Question 24.
Write the adjective forms of the following words:
(1) opportunity
(2) pleasure
(3) sleep
(4) situation
Answer:
(1) opportune
(2) pleasant
(3) sleepy/sleepless
(4) situational

Question 25.
Cross the odd man out: (The answer words are crossed out directly and explanation is given in brackets under each group.)
Answer:

1. blanket, magazine, maintain, mattress.
   (maintain is a verb; the others are nouns)
2. rob, take, search.
   (time is a noun; the others are verbs)
3. queer, small, greedy, plettspre.
   (pleasure is a noun; the others are adjectives)
4. quickly, mostly, rfipqty, peacefully
   (money is a noun; the others are adverbs)

Question 26.
He was the most trusting person I had ever met. (Rewrite using ‘never’.)
Answer:
I had never met a more trusting person than he is.

Question 27.
I had not done anything in my line of work. (Rewrite without ‘not’)
Answer:
I had yet to do something in my line of work.

Question 28.
Rewrite the following sentences by adding the correct tail tag from those given in the brackets: (does he?, didn’t he?, isn’t it?, wasn’t he?, doesn’t he?, is it?)
(1) Anil was sleeping peacefully.
(2) He doesn’t even notice he’s been robbed.
(3) It’s difficult to rob a careless man.
Answer:
(1) Anil was sleeping peacefully, wasn’t he?
(2) He doesn’t even notice he’s been robbed, does
(3) It’s difficult to rob a careless man, isn’t it?

Question 29.
What could have caused the scars on Hari’sface?
Answer:
Hari was a thief. He probably had got into fights while robbing people. He could also have been inbad company and got into fights with his companions, and someone might have injured him with a knife or any other sharp object. This could have led to scars on his face.

Question 30.
What will you do if you are robbed by ! someone you know very well? !
Answer:
If I am robbed by someone I know very well, I will firstly thrash out the matter with the thief frankly. I will then cut off my friendship with him/her and take care to keep my belongings under lock and key. I will also keep a close watch on his/her actions,

Question 31.
Choose the correct alternatives from the given options:
Answer:
(1) The Lucknow Express had picked up/not picked up speed. not picked up
(2) Hari wanted to/did not want to stay at a hotel. did not want to
(3) On discovering the theft, Anil would feel sad for the loss of his money/the loss of trust. the loss of trust
(4) Hari had never bought/always bought a ticket in his life. never bought

Question 32.
Hari believed that friends were more trouble than help.
Answer:
Hari was a thief. In his line of work, friends would probably try to borrow from him or give away his whereabouts to the police. Or perhaps they would create trouble for him to save themselves. Hence he felt that friends were more trouble.

Question 33.
When I reached the station I did not stop at the ticket office.
Answer:
(a) Compound sentence: 1 reached the station but (I) did not stop at the ticket office.
(b) Simple sentence: I did not stop at the ticket office on reaching the station/After reaching the station, I did not stop at the ticket office.

Question 34.
When the train had gone, I found myself standing alone on the deserted platform.
Answer:
(a) Compound sentence: The train had gone and I found myself standing alone on the deserted platform.
(b) Simple sentence: The train having gone, I found myself standing alone on the deserted platform.

Question 35.
What is face-reading? Can you read faces?
Answer:
Face-reading is observing the expressions and emotions on thc faces of people and Interpreting them correctly. I am observant and read faces quite well. I am trying to improve this ability.

Question 36.
Fill in the blanks with the correct options from the brackets: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(1) Han felt very nervous when he returned to the room that night. (nervous/excited)
(2) Han slipped the notes under the edge of the mattress. (bed / mattress)
(3) Hail’s heart sank when he thought that his theft had been discovered. (undetected /discovered)
(4) Anil was asleep when Hart returned to the room. (awake/asleep)

Question 37.
Rearrange the sentences in the order of occurrence:
(1) He crept to the head of the bed.
(2) He slipped the notes under the mattress.
(3) He opened the door quietly.
(4) He went back to the room.
Answer:
(4) He went back to the room.
(3) He opened the door quietly.
(1) He crept to the head of the bed.
(2) He slipped the notes under the mattress.

Question 38.
Describe Hari’s regrets as he pondered over his theft.
Answer:
As he pondered over his theft, Hari regretted ! that henceforth he could not cook Anil’s meals, runto the bazaar or learn to write whole sentences any S more. He regretted that he would not become a big! man, clever and respected.

Question 39.
Does Anil realize that he has been robbed?
Answer:
Yes, Anil realises that he has been robbed.

Question 40.
‘And the smile came by itself without any effort.’ Say why.
OR
Explain why Hari gave a genuine appeal! smile.
Answer:
Hari regretted what he had done. He went; back to Anil in order to get an education. He realised that Anil knew about the theft. He was relieved and happy that Anil had decided to ignore what had happened and to teach him to write whole sentences.

Anil’s response brought forth a change of heart in – Hari. So, instead of his usual affected smile, a genuine appealing smile came upon Hari’s face.

Question 41.
What tact had Anil used to change Hari’s dishonest ways?

Question 42.
Rewrite using the modal auxiliary ‘might’.
He would probably have given me two or three rupees to go to the cinema.
Answer:
He might have given me two or three rupees to go to the cinema.

Question 43.
Whole sentences, I knew, could one day bring me more than a few hundred rupees.
Answer:
Whole sentences, I knew, might one day bring me more than a few hundred rupees.

Question 44.
Why didn’t Anil hand Hari over to the police? What effect would it have on Hari?
Answer:
Anil was probably too kind-hearted to hand Hari over to the police. He might also have thought that he could try to make an honest man of Hari. If he had handed Hari over to the police, Hari would’ probably have been very bitter and angry, and would have continued in his dishonest ways. Not handing him over to the police had a positive effect on Hari, and may have changed the way he lived his life.

Question 45.
Do you feel Anil’s way of handling a thief like Hari was effective? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes, Anil’s way of handling a thief like Hari was effective. Anil knew that Hari was not a hardened seasoned thief. He had realized that Hari really wished to learn to write whole sentences, get an education and become a big man. So by forgiving him and giving him the motivation to learn, he changed Hari. Handing him over to the police would have branded Hari a thief for life and the sudden reform might never have been possible.

Question 46.
Punctuate: I asked can you feed me
Answer:

• There was a touch of sadness in the face of the beautiful woman.
• My hand found the edge of the mattress.
• publisher – publish, brush, (blush, plush, slurp).
• I wanted to get a good book from the library.
• Interrogative sentence.
• present participle-robbing; past participle- robbed.
• I asked, “Can you feed me?”

Question 47.
Do as directed (Medium Level Activities):
(1) Use the following word and its homophone in two separate sentences: knew
(2) I took a new name every month. (Change the voice beginning A new …)
(3) Anil talked about the well-oiled wrestlers. (Rewrite using the past progressive tense of the verb.)
(4) “Well,” I said modestly, “I do wrestle a bit.” (Rewrite in reported speech.)
Answer:
(1) (i) The boy knew the poem very well,
(ii) The jacket was new and expensive.
(2) A new name was taken by me every month.
(3) Anil was talking about the well-oiled wrestlers.
(4) I modestly said that I did wrestle a bit.

Question 48.
Do as directed (Challenging Activities):
(1) Use the following word as a verb and a noun in two separate sentences: cook
(2) Analyse the sentence:
I was still a thief when I met Anil.
Answer:
(1) (i) We cook fresh meals daily at home. (verb)
(ii) The new cook resigned from his job after just two days, (noun)

(2) Complex Sentence:
I was still a thief – Main Clause ; when
I met Anil – adverb clause of time.

Question 49.
Prepare a short character sketch of Anil.
Answer:
Anil was a kind, simple and easy-going young man. He was tall and lean in stature and interested in sports like wrestling. He was not very rich, and could not afford to employ Hari as a cook. He had the patience and goodness to not only teach Hari to cook but also to read, write and add numbers. Though he knew that Hari was making a profit out of the grocery purchase, he ignored this fact.

Anil was a writer who wrote for magazines and made money in fits and starts. He was a very trusting person. Even when he earned a large amount of money, he kept the money under his mattress and not under lock and key. He was generous and paid Hari when he got some money, even though he knew that Hari had tried to steal the money from him. He was forgiving, for he forgave Hari the theft and continued to be good to him.

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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.1 Night of the Scorpion Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 3.1 Night of the Scorpion

Night Of The Scorpion Poem Questions And Answers

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.1 Warming Up Questions and Answers

Night Of The Scorpion Poem Questions And Answers Question 1.
Get into pairs and discuss the following with your partners and complete the table.
Many people are superstitious. This means that they have belief for which they have no logical reason.
An example of superstition is that – walking under a ladder brings bad luck.
In pairs, list any superstitions that you know of.

Superstition	What it implies
(1) Smashing a mirror (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)	Brings seven years of bad luck.

Answer:

Superstition	What it implies
(1) Walking under a ladder	Brings bad luck.
(2) Smashing a mirror	Brings seven years of bad luck.
(3) A black cat crossing your path	A bad omen.
(4) Twitching of the eye	Brings bad luck.
(5) Sweeping your house after sunset	Goddess Lakshmi will walk out.
(6) Going near a peepal tree at night	The ghosts will kill you.
(7) Putting a black dot on your child’s face	Will ward off the evil eye.

Night Of The Scorpion Questions And Answers Question 2.
Brainstorm what you know about Scorpions. Use the points given below.

Answer:

Night of the Scorpion Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Night Of The Scorpion Question 1.
After reading the poem, complete the following. What happens? There are three main parts of the poem. Do you know what they are about? The first one is done for you.

Lines	What is happening?
1-7	The scorpion comes into the home to escape the rain and stings the poet’s mother.
8-33
34-48

Answer:

Lines	What is happening
1-17	The scorpion comes into the house to escape the rain and stings the poet’s mother. It then braves the rain again. The peasants come when they hear the news and search for the scorpion. They click their tongues to show their disappointment. They say that with eveiy movement the scorpion makes, the poison moves in the victim’s blood.
18-33	The villagers sympathize with the mother and offer consolation in various ways. They sit round the floor with the mother in the centre. More neighbours came in to help, with more candles and more lanterns.
34-48	The father is desperate and though he is a rationalist, he tries all sorts of things to cure the mother. He calls a holy man to perform rites and even poured paraffin on the bitten toe and set fire to it. After twenty hours the scorpion loses Its sting. All that the mother says Is that she is thankful to God that the scorpion picked her and spared her children.

Night Of Scorpion Question Answers Question 2.
Complete the following tables.
(A)

Background/setting of the poem
Type	Evidence (Quote lines from the poem)
Rural/Urban	……………………………………….

Answer:

Background/setting of the poem
Type	Evidence (Quote lines from the poem)
Rural	(1) ‘The peasants came like swarms of flies’. (2) ‘and buzzed,the name of God a hundred times’. (3) To paralyse the evil one’. (4) ‘With candles and with lanterns’ (5) ‘on‘the mud-baked walls’ (6) ‘His poison moved in Mother’s blood, they said.’ (7) They sat around on the floor with my mother in the centre’ (8) More candles, more lanterns’. (9) groaning on a mat (10) trying every curse and blessing, powder, mixture, herb and hybrid (11) I watched the holy man perform his rites

(B)

Scorpion
Many images of the scorpion contrast in the opening lines of the poem. Find examples of each and add them to the columns below.
Timid	Dangerous
(1) hides …………………. (2) …………………. back	(i) Diabolic …………………. (ii) ………………….

Answer:

Scorpion
Timid	Dangerous
(1) Hides beneath a sack of rice	(1) Diabolic tail
(2) Is afraid of the people and goes back	(2) The Evil One
	(3) His poison moved in Mother’s blood

(C)

Imagery
Look at the description of the village peasants. What does the imagery suggest about them?
The Images	What images suggest
They came like swarms of flies.
They buzzed the name of God.
They threw giant scorpion shadows on the mud-baked walls.
They clicked their tongues.

Answer:

Imagery
The images	what the images suggest
1) They came swarms of flies.	(1) They came it very large numbers, a huge crowd of people moving towards the house, like a swarm of flies.
(2) They buzzed the name of God.	(2) They kept repeating the name of God softly and continuously, like the buzzing of bees.
(3) They threw giant scorpion shadows on the mud-baked walls.	(3) The lanterns they carried threw shadows on the walls, which looked like huge scorpion shadows to the frightened villagers.
(4) They clicked their tongues.	(4) They made sorrowful and frightening sounds with their tongues.

Night Of The Scorpion Question Answers Question 3.
Choose the correct alternative.

1. The child is afraid but admires …………………………
(a) the initiative of the peasants.
(b) his father trying every way to cure.
(c) the bravery of his mother.
Answer:
(c) the bravery of his mother

2. His father and the villagers panic and hastily suggest ………………………….
(a) to take her to the hospital.
(b) ayurvedic treatment.
(c) religious remedies to help.
Answer:
(c) religious remedies to help

3. The poet seems to see the villagers as impractical and almost irritating which suggests that …………………………
(a) the poet is critical of caste
(b) the poet is critical of religion
(c) the poet is critical of tradition.
Answer:
(c) the poet is critical of tradition

4. This is a ………………………… poem as it tells a story.
(a) reflective
(b) imaginative
(c) narrative
Answer:
(c) narrative

5. Using the first person gives the feeling that it is told from …………………………
(a) personal experience
(b) public experience
(c) private experience
Answer:
(a) personal experience

6. ‘The scorpion picked on me. And spared my children’ depicts …………………………
(a) mother’s bravery
(b) mother’s endurance
(c) selfless and unconditional love of mother.
Answer:
(c) selfless and unconditional love of a mother

7. The poem does not have a rhyme scheme, which means the poem is a perfect example of a …………………………
(a) Ballad
(b) Sonnet
(c) Free verse
Answer:
(c) free verse

8. The poem is titled ‘Night of the Scorpion’, for, the major part of the poem, …………………………
(a) the mother remains triumphant at the end.
(b) the scorpion is the victor.
(c) the father succeeds in curing the mother.
Answer:
(b) the scorpion is the victor

9. The peasants chant the name of God to …………………………
(a) nullify the stinging experience
(b) praise God.
(c) appease God.
Answer:
(a) nullify the stinging experience

10. The click of tongues reflects their ………………………… to the predicament.
(a) individual response
(b) collective response
(c) group response
Answer:
(b) collective response

Night Of The Scorpion Questions Question 4.
From the poem provide evidence for the following :

Stages	Evidence (lines from the poem)
(a) the attempts by the peasants to help alleviate the mother’s pain. (b) the action of these same peasants to kill the scorpion (c) the reaction of the rational father. (d) the various superstitions versus the ‘scientific’ (e) evil versus good.

Answer:

Stages	Evidence (lines from the extract)
(a) the attempts by the peasants to help alleviate the mother’s pain.	(1) The peasants came like swarms of flies’ (2) ‘and buzzed the name of God a hundred times to paralyse the Evil One.’ (3) ‘With candles and with lanterns’
(b) the action of these same peasants to kill the scorpion.	(1) ‘they searched for him’ (2) ‘they clicked their tongues’
(c) evil versus good	‘and buzzed the name of God a hundred times to paralyse the Evil One.’                                                ‘

Night Of Scorpion Question Answers Question 5.
Read the poem and complete the table showing the qualities of the father and mother giving sufficient evidences from the poem.

Qualities
Father	Mother

Answer:

Qualities
Father	Mother
sceptic, rationalist,  loving, desperate	patient, long-suffering, brave, self-sacrificing, selfless
Lines as evidence: My father, sceptic, rationalist, Trying every curse and blessing, Powder, mixture, herb and hybrid. He even poured a little paraffin Upon the bitten toe and put a match to it. I watched the holy man perform his rites to tame the poison with an incantation.	Lines as evidence : My mother twisted through and through, groaning on a mat. My mother only said Thank God the scorpion picked on me and spared my children.

Night Of The Scorpion Question Answers Question 6.
(A) Match the Figures of Speech with the correct definition.

Poetic Devices
Figure	Definition
(1) Metaphor (2) Alliteration (3) Onomatopoeia (4) Simile	(a) The use of the same sound at the beginning of words (b) An implied comparison. (c) A comparison between two different things, especially a phrase, containing the words ‘like’ or ‘as’ (d) A word which resembles the sound it represents.

Answer:

Poetic Devices
Figure	Definition
(1) Metaphor (2) Alliteration (3) Onomatopoeia (4) Simile	(b) An implied comparison. (a) The use of the same sound at the beginning of words (d) A word which resembles the sound it represents. (c) A comparison between two different things, especially a phrase, containing the words ‘like’ or ‘as’

(B) Find examples from the poem that contain :
Similie : …………………………
Metaphor : …………………………
Onomatopoeia : …………………………
Answer:
Similie: A comparison between two different things, especially a phrase, containing the words ‘like’ or ‘as’
Metaphor: An implied comparison.
Onomatopoeia: A word which resembles the sound it represents.

Question 7.
Expand the flow chart in writing a paragraph in your own words.

Answer:
The poet’s mother is bitten by a scorpion and is in great agony. She fights the venom of the scorpion with the help of her husband and the villagers. She is unable to say anything, but only groans in pain. Finally, the poison is tamed after twenty hours. In the end, the mother thanks God that she has survived the ordeal, and that the scorpion had picked on her and spared her children.

Question 8.
The poet has used various kinds of imagery to create an image which appeal to our senses. Pick out various kinds of imagery and complete the table.

Visual imagery appealing to eyes	Tactile imagery (sense of touch)	Sound imagery	Internal sensations, feelings and emotions
(1) Scropion crawling beneath a sack of rice	(1) …………………………… …………………………… ……………………………	(1) buzzed the name of God	(1) fear
(2)	(2) Father pouring paraffin on the toe	(2) …………………………… …………………………… ……………………………	(2) ……………………………

Answer:

Visual imagery appealing to eyas	Tactile imagery (Sense of touch)	Sound imagery	Internal sensations, feelings and emotions
(1) Scorpion crawling beneath a sack of rice	(1) I watched the flame feeding on my mother	(1) buzzed the name of God	(1) fear
(2) With Candles and lanterns throwing giant scorpion shadows on the mud-baked walls.	(2) Father pouring paraffin on the toe	(2) They clicked their tongues	(2) pain

Question 9.
Write an appreciation of the poem in a paragraph format.
Answer:
Point Format
(for understanding)
The title of the poem : Night of the Scorpion’
The poet: Nissirn Ezekiel
Rhyme scheme : written In frcc verse without any rhyme scheme or mctrc
Figures of speech : Onomatopoeia, Metaphor, Alliteraüon, Sim Ile, Antithesis, etc.
Theme/Central idea : The poet depicts the selflessness and unconditional love of a mother who stung by a scorpion.

Paragraph Format
Thc poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’ is written by Nissim Ezekiel. The poem is written in free verse without any rhyme scheme or metre. There are many figures of speech e.g. Onomatopoeia like ‘and buzzed the name of God a hundred times’. Here, we feel we can actually hear the buzzing of the prayers of the many peasants. The other figures of speech are Metaphor. Alliteration. Simile. Antithesis, etc.

The theme of the poem is the sense of sacrifice shown by a devoted mother. Even as she suffers the pangs of a scorpion-bite, she thanks God for sparing her children from such an ordeal.

Question 10
Project
Prepare a Presentation (on paper or on a PC) as a piece of reference to other students. Make use of the following points.
(1) Title page
(2) Introduction of the poet
(3) The Complete poem (All 48 lines)
(4) Learning objectives

(5) Style of writing
(6) Scorpion lines (1-7)
(7) The peasants
(8) The poet’s father
(10) The poet’s mother
(11) Vocabulary
(12) Credits (positive aspects)

Question 11.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) The scorpion was forced to take shelter in the poet’s house to …………………
(2) In line no. 3, the word ‘him’ refers to …………………
(3) To ‘paralyse the Evil One’ in stanza 3 means ………………….
(4) ‘They’ in stanza 4 refers to ………………….
Answer:
(1) escape the heavy rain.
(2) the scorpion.
(3) to stop the activity of the devil, the scorpion.
(4) the peasants M10 had come to help.

Question 12.
Explain why the poem begins with the poet \ remembering the night.
Answer:
The poem begins with the poet remembering | the night because the whole incident that is narrated in the poem was very memorable and took place in the night. It created a strong impression on the poet.

Question 13.
Write the reactions of the people when they knew that the mother was stung by a scorpion.
Answer:
When the people knew that the poet’s mother was stung by a scorpion:
(i) The peasants came in swarms to help.
(ii) They buzzed the name of God a hundred times.
(iii) They searched for the scorpion with candles and lanterns.
(iv) They clicked their tongues because he was not found.

Question 14.
Pick out an example of Simile from the extract.
Answer:
The peasants came like swarms of flies. The peasants are compared directly to swarms of flies, with the use of the word like’.

Question 15.
Pick out an example of Metaphor from the extract.
Answer:
to paralyse the Evil One’. The scorpion is Implicitly compared to the devil.

Question 16.
Pick out examples of Onomatopoeia from the extract.
Answer:
(1) ‘and buzzed the name of God’
The word ‘buzzed’ indicates sound.

(2) ‘They clicked their tongues.’
The word ‘clicked’ indicates sound.

Question 17.
Pick out examples of Alliteration from the extract.
Answer:
(1) Parting with his poison-flash
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘p’.

(2) of diabolic tail in the dark room
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘d’.

(3) throwing giant scorpion shadows.
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘s’.

Question 18.
Pick out an example of Antithesis from the extract:
Answer:
‘they searched for him: he was not found’ Words having opposite or contradictory meanings are used in the same line.

Question 19.
Write down the rhyming words from the stanzas for the following:
(i) fight
(ii) clash
Answer:
(i) fight-night
(ii) clash-flash.

Question 20.
Complete the following: The peasants consoled the mother, saying:
(1) the poison will burn away ………………………
(2) her suffering will decrease …………………….
(3) the evil in this world will be …………………………
(4) the poison will purify her …………………………..
Answer:
(1) the sins of her previous birth
(2) the misfortunes of her next birth
(3) diminished by her pain.
(4) flesh of desire and her spirit of ambition.

Question 21.
(a) Pick out examples of Alliteration from the extract:
Answer:
(1) ‘May he sit still, they said’.
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘s’.

(2) ‘May the poison purify your flesh’
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘p’.

(b) Pick out an example of Antithesis from the extract:
Answer:
‘May the sum of all evil balanced in this unreal world against the sum of good’ Words having opposite meanings are placed close for contrast.

(c) Pick out an example of Repetition from the extract:
Answer:
‘More candles, more lanterns, more. neighbours’ Repetition of the word ‘more’ for emphasis.

Question 22.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) The mother found relief …………………….
(2) All through the ordeal, the poet’s mother ………………..
Answer:
(1) after twenty hours.
(2) twisted and groaned in pain.

Question 23.
(1) Pick out an example of Onomatopoeia from the extract.
Answer:
‘groaning on a mat’ The word ‘groaning’ indicates sound.

Question 24.
Pick out examples of Alliteration from the extract.
Answer:
(1) ‘powder, mixture, herb and hybrid’
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘h’.

(2) ‘He even poured a little paraffin’
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘p’.

(3) ‘I watched the flame feeding on my mother’
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘f.

Question 25.
Pick out an example of Antithesis from the extract:
Answer:
‘trying every curse and blessing’ Words having opposite meanings are placed close for contrast.

Question 26.
Pick out an example of Personification from the extract:
Answer:
‘I watched the flame feeding on my mother’ The flame is given the human quality of feeding.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.6 The Gift of the Magi Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 4.6 The Gift of the Magi

The Gift Of The Magi Questions and Answers

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.6 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Gift Of The Magi Questions And Answers Question 1.
The moment you hear the word ‘Gift’, what feelings do you experience? Complete the web with those feelings.

Answer:

Gift Of Magi Questions And Answers Question 2.
‘Gifts’ need not be material gifts. They can be abstract and yet priceless. For example, favours, kindness, help in times of need etc.
Think of and enlist such unforgettable gifts given to you by :
(1) Parents/ Grand parents : ………………………………………..
(2) Siblings/ relatives : ………………………………………..
(3) Friends : ………………………………………..
(4) Strangers : ………………………………………..
Answer:
(1) love, kindness, etc.
(2) support, empathy, etc.
(3) loyalty, sympathy, etc.
(4) courtesy, help, etc.

Gift Of The Magi Questions And Answers Question 3.
Say whether the words underlined are infinitives/ participles or gerunds.
(1) The athletes wanted to take part in the running race.
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) to take – infinitive:
(b) running – participle

(2) Would you like to eat at the dinning table?
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) to eat – infinitive;
(b) dining – participle

(3) Reading is good for the mind and soul. So take up reading books.
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Reading – gerund;
(b) reading – gerund

(4) I like to eat fruits rather than eating sweets.
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) to eat – infinitive;
(b) eating – gerund

(5) Listening and speaking sharpen your language skills.
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Listening – gerund;
(b) speaking-gerund

The Gift of the Magi Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Gift Of The Magi Answers Question 1.
Complete the following.
(a) Della had saved ………………………………………..
(b) Della wanted to buy ………………………………………..
(c) Della’s beautiful hair tell about ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) one dollar and eighty-seven cents.
(b) a Christmas present for Jim
(c) her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters.

The Gift Of The Magi Questions Question 2.
Answer the following questions:
(a) How much did Della save for Christmas ? What does it show ?
(b) Why did Della take pride in the beauty of her hair?
(c) Why and how did Della sell her hair? Do you think she did well ?
(d) Why did Jim sell his gold watch? Do you think he did well ?
(e) Why did Jim and Della want to present the gifts?
(f) Why did Della feel sad on losing her hair?
(g) What did Jim bring out from his coat? Describe the scene.
(h) How beautiful was the gold watch chain? Would you have liked to own it?
(i) How did the Magi want to celebrate their Christmas (OR) Who were the first people to give Christmas gifts ?
(j) What is the moral of the story?
Answer:
(a) Della saved one dollar and eighty-seven cents for Christmas. It shows that she was very poor.
(b) because Jim thought that she was pretty because of her hair.
(c) Della sold her lovely long hair to get money to buy a Christmas present for Jim.
(d) She sold it to a woman who dealt in hair goods of all kinds. Yes, she did it willingly even though it was her prized possession.
(e) it was Christmas Eve, a time for giving gifts.
(f) it was very beautiful and her prized possession.
(g) Jim brought out a package from his coat.
(h) The watch chain was very beautiful. It was made of platinum, and simple and chaste in design. No, I would not have liked to own it, because I do not carry a watch that needs a chain. It is old-fashioned.
(i) The Magi wanted to celebrate their Christmas by exchanging gifts. They werejhe first people to give Christmas gifts.
(j) The moral of the story is that unselfish love is the greatest of all gifts, and those who realize this fact are the wisest.

The Gift Of The Magi Question Answers Question 3.
Complete the following activity :
Map the problems and solutions in “The Gift of the Magi” on the diagram below. Two problems have already been filled in.

Answer:

The Gift Of Magi Solutions Question 4.
Read the following and answer.
(A) Say WHAT
(a) ……………………………….. troubled Della on Christmas Eve?
(b) ……………………………….. was the current family income?
(c) ……………………………….. could have outshone Queen of Sheba’s jewels?
(d) ……………………………….. was the cost of the fob chain?
(e) ……………………………….. sent Jim into a trance, on his return?
Answer:
(a) The next day was Christmas Day and Della had only one dollar and eighty-seven cents with which to buy Jim a present. She had spent a lot of time thinking about a good present for him. but with the money she had saved she would not get anything worthy of him. Hence, she was feeling disturbed.
(b) $20 per week.
(c) Della’s beautiful hair
(d) twenty-one dollars.
(e) Jim saw that Della had cut off her beautiful hair. It was seeing this that sent him into a trance.

(B) Say WHY
(a) ……………………………….. did Della sell her lovely long hair ?
(b) ……………………………….. was Della a bit apprehensive after she had sold her hair ?
(c) ……………………………….. did Jim avoid checking the time in his gold watch, in a public place?
(d) ……………………………….. did Della’s scream of joy change to loud wails ?
(e) ……………………………….. in the end, did Jim ask Della to put the chops on?
Answer:
(a) to get money to buy a Christmas present for Jim.
(b) she was afraid of Jim’s reaction.
(c) the leather strap he used in place of a chain was old.
(d) Jim’s gift to Della was the set of tortoise shell combs that she had adored. She had craved and yearned for them, so that they could adorn her beautiful hair. When she opened the package and saw them, she was first ecstatic with joy that she had got what she had coveted; but her scream of joy turned to wails when she remembered that the beautiful hair they would have adorned was now cut off. The gift was hence useless.
(e) Jim knew that neither of them could use their Christmas gifts for the time being. Hence, he wanted to put them away and keep them for some time. He wanted to get back to daily life. Hence, he asked Della to put the chops on.

(C) Say WHEN
(a) ……………………………….. had Jim added ‘Dillingham’ as his middle name ?
(b) ……………………………….. did a tear or two drop on the old red carpet ?
(c) ……………………………….. did Della go through goods in the stores ?
(d) ……………………………….. did Della say a silent prayer to God ?
(e) ……………………………….. did Jim try to divert their attention for ten seconds, at least?
Answer:
(a) a former period of prosperity, when he was earning $30 per week.
(b) Della made up her mind to cut off her beautiful hair.
(c) she was searching for a suitable present for Jim.
(d) she heard Jim’s step on the stairway down on the first flight.
(e) Jim realized that Della was afraid of his reaction to her short hair. In order to console her, he probably hugged her and the narrator tries to divert our attention to something else, to give them privacy. It could also mean that the narrator is asking us to think about the importance of riches-how important is it to happiness.

The Gift Of The Magi Question Answer Question 5.
Complete Use the chart below to explain situational irony in ‘The Gift of the Magi’. For each character, identify what is expected to happen and what actually happens.

SITUATIONAL IRONY
What Della plans :	What actually happens
What Jim plans :	What actually happens :

Answer:

SITUATIONAL IRONY
What Della plans : To give Jim a wonderful Christmas gift in the form of a fob chain.	What actually happens : Jim cannot use Della’s gift of a fob chain for his watch because he has sold his watch to get her gift.
What Jim plans : To give Della a wonderful Christmas gift in the form of a set of tortoise shell combs.	What actually happens : Della cannot use Jim’s gift of combs because she has cut and sold her hair to get him his gift.

The Gift Of Magi Question Answer Question 6.
Complete the following activity.
Word List :
agile, cascade, coveted, instigate, prudence, assertion, chronicle, inconsequential, predominating, subside, gobbling.

Fill in each set of blanks with the correct word from the word list. The boxed letters will spell out something that Della receives.

1. A small waterfall
2. You wished greedily for something.
3. This describes something important.
4. You hope a loud siren will do this.
5. Troublemakers do this.

Answer:

(1) A small waterfall	CAS[C]ADE
(2) You wished greedily for something	C[O]VETED
(3) This describes something important	PREDO[M]INATING
(4) You hope a loud siren, will do this	SU[B]SIDE
(5) Troublemakers do this	IN[S]TIGATE

COMBS

The Gift Of The Magi Questions And Answers For Class 6 Question 7.
Complete the following basic plot diagram :

Answer:

A Gift For Christmas 10th Class Question Answer Question 8.
Pick out from the story words that mean the following.
Against each consumer write (N) if it is a Noun (V) for Verb and (Adj) for Adjective.
(1) reluctance to spend money …………………………….. (  )
(2) relating to …………………………….. (  )
(3) urge …………………………….. (  )
(4) reduce in value …………………………….. (  )
(5) wisdom …………………………….. (  )
(6) very huge …………………………….. (  )
(7) foolishness …………………………….. (  )
Answer:
(1) reluctance to spend money …………………………….. (  )
(2) relating to …………………………….. (  )
(3) urge …………………………….. (  )
(4) reduce in value – depreciate ( Verb )
(5) wisdom – prudence ( Noun )
(6) very huge – mammoth ( Adjective )
(7) foolishness – idiocy (Noun)

The Gift Of Magi Question And Answers Question 9.
Think and answer on your own in a few sentences, in your notebook.
(a) What would you do if you ran short of money, to buy a birthday gift for one of your parents/siblings?
Answer:
If I ran short of money to buy a gift for one of my parents/siblings, I would borrow from someone else close to me. For example, if I wanted to buy a bag for my sister and fell short of money, I would ask my mother to lend it to me. If I wanted to buy something for Mom and did not have the money for it, I would borrow from dad.

(b) Think of two alternatives that could have prevented Della as well as Jim from selling their most precious possessions.
Answer:
Both knew that they were poor and couldn’t afford expensive gifts. So they could have just given each other small token gifts of flowers or cards. This would have prevented them from selling their most precious possessions.

(c) Justify the title of the story, ‘The Gift of the Magi’.
Answer:
The Magi were three wise men who brought gifts for baby Jesus during Christmas. They knew how to give and gave unique gifts with special emphasis. In the same way, Della and Jim gave each other unique gifts. The author compares their giving to the gifts the Magi gave to baby Jesus, ffe calls them tire ‘Magi’ because of their wisdom in realizing that unselfish love is the greatest of all gifts.

(d) Gifts that you buy have fixed prices/ rates. How can the buyer increase the value of a gift bought for someone very dear in the family?
Answer:
The buyer can increase the value of a gift bought for someone very dear in the family by giving it with words of love and gratitude. He /She can also write something loving on a card and attach it to the gift.

(e) What situation is the climax of the story ? How does it end up as an Anticlimax?
Answer:
The climax should have been the happiness and joy on the faces of Jim and Della when they see their gifts. It ends up as an anti-climax because though they had got what they coveted, neither of them could now use the gifts.

(f) If you share this story with some friends in a junior class, how would they react in the end?
Answer:
They would probably just feel that all the sacrifice was wasted. They would not have realized the deeper meaning of the story.

(g) Who were the very first people to give Christmas gifts? What had inspired them to do so?
Answer:
The Magi visited Jesus after his birth to give gifts to honour him. The Magi wanted to celebrate their Christmas by exchanging gifts. They werejhe first people to give Christmas gifts.

(h) At the end of the story, O Henry remarks that of all who give gifts, Della and Jim were the wisest. Think and explain this paradoxial remark.
Answer:
Jim and Della were initially foolish enough to believe that they needed to give material gifts in order to show their love for one another and that they had to sacrifice their most precious possessions to do so. However, they were also wise enough to know later that unselfish love is the greatest of all gifts.

The Gift Of Magi Question And Answer Question 10.
Pick out and rewrite the exact sentence which indirectly imply the following :
(a) Della was not too happy about bargaining for grocery etc.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one’s cheeks burned.

(b) The flat was in a dilapidated condition.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
It did not actually beggar description, but certainly had that word on the look out for the mendicancy squad.

(c) King Soloman would express his jealousy of Jim.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard with envy.

(d) Della spent a joyful time, for two hours.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
The next two hours tripped by on rosy wings.

(e) Della’s elated mood underwent a change as she opened her gift.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
An ecstatic scream of joy; and then alas! A quick feminine change to hysterical tears and wails.

(f) The weekly income amount does not matter.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called ‘Jim’ and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young.

The Gift Of The Magi Class 10 Question 11.
Frame wh-questions to get the underlined answers.
(1) Life is made up of sobs, sniffles and smiles.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
What is life made up of?

(2) Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Who had spent many a happy hour planning something nice for him?

(3) Her hair reached below her knee.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Where did her hair reach?

(4) She was ransacking the stores for Jim’s present.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
She has been ransacking the stores for Jim’s present.

(5) At 7 o’clock the coffee was made.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
When was the coffee made?

(6) The magi were wise men.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Who were the magi?

The Gift Of The Magi Questions And Answers Pdf Question 12.
(A) Add appropriate question tags.
(1) Della leaped up, …………………….?
(2) You’ll have to look at the time, ………………….?
(3) They were expensive combs, ………………..?
(4) I just had to do it, ……………………..?
(5) I am still pretty, ………………………..?
(6) Give it to me quick, …………………?
(7) There was clearly nothing to do,…………..?
(8) My hair grows so fast, …………………?
(9) Let’s put our Christmas presents away, ………………….?
(10) She had a habit for saying a silent prayer, ………………….. ?
Answer:
(1) Della leaped up, didn’t she?
(2) You’ll have to look at the time, won’t you?
(3) They were expensive combs, weren’t they?
(4) I just had to do it, didn’t I?
(5) I am still pretty, aren’t I?
(6) Give it to me quick, won’t you?
(7) There was clearly nothing to do, was there?
(8) My hair grows so fast, doesn’t it?
(9) Let’s put our Christmas presents away, shall we?
(10) of saying a little silent prayer about the simplest everyday things.

(B) Supply short answers (Pronoun + Auxiliary Verb)
Questions – Answers
(1) Don’t you like me ? Yes, ………………..
(2) Have you cut off your hair ? Yes, ………………..
(3) Shall I put the chops on ? Yes, ………………..
(4) Isn’t it a dandy ? Yes, ………………..
(5) Does it make difference ? No, ………………..
(6) Will you buy my hair ? No, ………………..
(7) Can you afford it ? No, ………………..
(8) Are you fooling me ? No, ………………..
Answer:
(1) Yes, I do.
(2) Yes, I have.
(3) Yes, you shall/can.
(4) Yes, it is.
(5) No, It doesn’t.
(6) No, I won’t.
(7) No, I can’t.
(8) No, I’m not.

The Gift Of The Magi Story Questions And Answers Question 13.
Pick out the infinitives/ gerunds/ participles from the following sentences and state what each one is.
(1) I want to see how it looks.
………………………………………………………….

(2) I don’t like frightening stories.
………………………………………………………….

(3) We decided to settle in Pune.
………………………………………………………….

(4) Playing sitar is Arjun’s hobby.
………………………………………………………….

(5) It was a horrifying experience for all of us.
………………………………………………………….
Answer:
(1) to see – infinitive
(2) frightening – participle
(3) to settle – infinitive
(4) playing – gerund
(5) horrifying – participle

The Gift Of The Magi Solution Question 14.
List the signs that indicate that Della was very poor.
Answer:
The following things show us that Della was very poor:
(i) The house was a poorly furnished flat at $8 per week.
(ii) The couch was small and shabby.
(iii) In the vestibule below was a letter-box and an electric bell, both of which were not functioning.
(iv) The current family income was $20 per week.
(v) After a lot of bargaining and penny-pinching, Della had saved only one dollar and eighty-seven cents for Christmas.

The Gift Of Magi Questions And Answers Question 15.
Pick out from the passage words that mean the following, and state if it is a Noun, Verb or Adjective: (The answers are given directly and underline.)
Answer:

Phrase	Word From the passage	Part of Speech
(1) Reluctance to spend money	parsimony	Noun
(2) Relating to	appertaining	Verb
(3) Urge	coax	Verb
(4) provokes	instigates	Verb

The Gift Of The Magi Question And Answer Question 16.
Rearrange the letters given below to form sensible words:
(i) stedoih
(ii) eilpmid
(iii) teccirle
(iv) ectubrh.
Answer:
(i) stedom – modest
(ii) teccirle – electric
(iii) eilpmid – implied
(iv) ectubrh – butcher

Question 17.
Della counted the money thrice. Explain what you think the reason for this may be.
Answer:
Della had struggled and bargained a lot to save money. She had hoped that she had saved enough money to buy Jim a proper Christmas present. She could not believe that it was only 1 dollar and 87 cents. She probably counted the money thrice in the hope that it was actually more than that.

Question 18.
Write whether the following statements are True or False:
(1) Della wanted to buy a Christmas present for Jim.
(2) There was a pier glass between the windows of the room.
(3) Jim now earned $30 per week.
(4) It was Christmas Eve.
Answer:
(1) True
(2) True
(3) False
(4) True

Question 19.
(1) Write the part of speech of each of the words given below:
(1) fairly accurate conception.
(ii) very agile person.
Answer:
(i) fairly-adverb
accurate – adj ective
conception – noun

(ii) very-adverb
agile-adjective
person-noun

Question 20.
Find from the passage the antonyms of the following words:
(1) common
(2) slow
(3) spending
(4) dully
Answer:
(1) common x rare
(2) slow x agile
(3) spending X saving
(4) dully x brilliantly

Question 21.
Rewrite the following sentence as an interrogative sentence: Twenty dollars a week doesn’t go far.
Answer:
Does twenty dollars a week go far?

Question 22.
Rewrite the following sentence beginning ‘Though ’: Her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its colour.
Answer:
Though her eyes were shining brilliantly, her face had lost its colour.

Question 23.
Complete the following:
(1) The couple’s prized possessions were …………………………
(2) Della’s beautiful hair fell about ………………….
(3) Della felt sad on losing her hair because …………………….
Answer:
(1) Jim’s gold watch and Della’s beautiful hair.
(2) her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters.
(3) it was very beautiful and her prized possession.

Question 24.
Write the adjective forms of the following words and pick out those that are participles:
(1) possessions
(2) treasures
(3) envy
(4) sparkle
Answer:
(1) possessions – possessive
(2) treasures – treasured (past participle)
(3) envy – envious
(4) sparkle – sparkling (present participle)

Question 25.
Complete the following:
(a) The gift Della bought for Jim was ………………………
Answer:
(a) a platinum fob chain.

Question 26.
Explain why Della looked at her reflection critically.
Answer:
Della had cut off her beautiful hair, which Jim had loved. She was worried about his reaction to her short hair, and to make it look better she had curled her newly-cut hair. She looked at her reflection critically hoping that Jim would like it.

Question 27.
Pick out 4 adverbs of manner from the passage.
Answer:
properly, wonderfully, carefully, critically.

Question 28.
Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer: She was ransacking the store for Jim’s present.
Answer:
Why was she ransacking the store?

Question 29.
Rewrite the following sentence using ‘No sooner., than..’: As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim’s.
Answer:
No sooner did she see it, than she knew that it must be Jim’s.

Question 30.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) Jim stared at Della ………………….
(b) Della took pride in the beauty of her hair ………………….
Answer:
(a) because she had cut off her hair.
(b) because Jim thought that she was pretty because of her hair.

Question 31.
Complete the web with words to describe Jim.
Answer:

Question 32.
Pick out two words from the passage formed by using prefixes:
Answer:
immovable, disapproval.

Question 33.
Match the adjectives in column ‘A’ with the nouns in column ‘B’:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) new	(a) prayer
(2) silent	(b) overcoat
(3) first	(c) expression
(4) peculiar	(d) flight

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) new	(b) overcoat
(2) silent	(a) prayer
(3) first	(d) flight
(4) peculiar	(c) expression

Question 34.
Give your opinion: ‘It is important to give gifts.’
Answer:
Yes, it is. When you give gifts, you show your love and affection for the person. You also show that you have remembered the occasion-maybe a birthday or an anniversary. However, the gift should be thoughtfully chosen, keeping the likes and dislikes of the receiver in mind.

Question 35.
Put the following statements in the correct order of occurrence:
(1) “If you’ll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while at first.”
(2) “It’s Christmas Eve, boy.”
(3) “Don’t you like me just as well, anyhow?”
(4) “It’s sold, I tell you.”
Answer:
(3) “Don’t you like me just as well, anyhow?”
(4) “It’s sold, I tell you.”
(2) “It’s Christmas Eve, boy.”
(1) “If you’ll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while at first.”

Question 36.
Give reason: Della asked Jim to be good to her.
Answer:
Della asked Jim to be good to her for she had cut off her hair for his sake.

Question 37.
Complete the following:
This conversation took place on ………………….
Answer:
Christmas Eve.

Question 38.
Complete the following table:
Answer:

Noun	Adjective	Adverb
(1) labour	laborious	laboriously
(2) idiocy	idiotic	idiotically
(3) discretion	discreet	discreetly
(4) curiosity	curious	curiously

Question 39.
(1) Jim drew a package from his overcoat pocket and threw it upon the table. (Rewrite beginning ‘Drawing….’.)
(2) The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. (Rewrite beginning ‘Though ’.)
Answer:
(1) Drawing a package from his overcoat pocket, Jim threw it upon the table.
(2) Though the magi brought valuable gifts, that was not among them.

Question 40.
(1) The gift Jim had brought for Della was ………………………
(2) The beautiful present flashed with ……………………
(3) Jim and Della wanted to present the gifts because ………………….
Answer:
(1) a set of beautiful, pure tortoise shell combs, with jewelled rims.
(2) a reflection of Della’s bright and ardent spirit.
(3) it was Christmas Eve, a time for giving gifts.

Question 41.
Jim wanted to put the Christmas presents away and get back to daily life.
Answer:
And now, suppose you put the chops on.

Question 42.
Describe the scene when Della opened the package that Jim gave her.
Answer:
Della opened the package that Jim had given her with nimble fingers. She first gave an ecstatic scream of joy, which soon changed to hysterical tears and wails. Jim had to immediately comfort and soothe her. However, she hugged the gift lovingly to her bosom.

Question 43.
why Jim sold his gold watch. Do you think he did it willingly?
Answer:
Jim sold his gold watch to buy a Christmas gift for Della. Yes, he did it willingly, even though it was his prized possession.

Question 44.
why Jim and Della are referred to as the Magi.
Answer:
Jim and Della are referred to as the Magi because first each willingly sacrificed his/her prized possession for the sake of the loved one. Then they wisely realized that unselfish love is the greatest of all gifts.

Question 45.
Pick out from the story the word that means the following, and state if it is a Noun, Verb or Adjective: sought after
Answer:
sought after – coveted (Adjective)

Question 46.
Fill in the blanks with words from the passage that are the opposites of the underlined words: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) Something that is not ……………………..
(2) Something that is not ………………
(3) Men who are not ……………….. are ………………..
(4) Something that is not ………………… is ………………
Answer:
(1) cheap is expensive.
(2) bright is dull.
(3) foolish, wise.
(4) hated, worshipped.

Question 47.
(1) Pick out two compound words from the lesson.
(2) Pick out a gerund from the lesson and use it in your own sentence.
(3) Punctuate: youve cut off your hair asked jim laboriously
(4) Find out five hidden words from the given word: ornamentation
(5) Use the following phrase in your own sentence: on the corner of the table
(6) Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentence: Jim be never late.
(7) Identify the type of sentence: Isn’t it a dandy. Jim?
(8) Arrange the following in alphabetical order: Christmas, cheeks, chaste, chain, chops, coveted
(9) Complete the word chain of animal names: duck, k……., o……., h……., e……. .
Answer:
(1) backyard, letter-box
(2) saying: He had the habit of saying cruel things with a smile on his face.
(3) “You’ve cut off your hair?” asked Jim, laboriously.
(4) ornamentation: ornament, remain, mentor, meant, rotate
(5) The little boy sat on the corner of the table.
(6) Jim was never late.
(7) Interrogative and negative.
(8) chain, chaste, cheeks, chops, Christmas, coveted
(9) duck, kangaroo, ostrich, hare, elephant.

Question 48.
“You say your hair is gone?” he said, with an air almost of idiocy. (Rewrite in reported speech.)
Answer:
He asked her, with an air of almost idiocy, whether she said that her hair was gone.

Question 49.
(1) Use the following word as a verb and a noun in two separate sentences: look
(2) Use the given two words in a single sentence of your own: reflection, terrified
Answer:
(1) (i) “Look to your left and right before crossing the road,” said the policeman, (verb)
(ii) The woman gave the shopkeeper an angry look, (noun)
(2) The lion was terrified when it saw its reflection in the water.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.2 The Night I Met Einstein Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 3.2 The Night I Met Einstein

The Night I Met Einstein Questions And Answers

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.2 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Night I Met Einstein Questions And Answers Question 1.
With your bench-mate prepare a profile of Albert Einstein.
ALBERT EINSTEIN

• Profession : ………………………………….
• Field of Science : ………………………………….
• World-famous theory proposed : ………………………………….
• Awards : ………………………………….
• Disability in childhood : ………………………………….
• Books wrote: ………………………………….

Answer:
ALBERT EINSTEIN

• Profession : Scientist
• Field of Science : Theoretical Physics
• World famous theory proposed : Theory of Relativity
• Awards : Nobel Prize in Physics (1921), Copley j Medal by the Royal Society (1925), Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1926), Max Planck medal of the German Physical Society (1929), Prix Jules Janssen (1931)
• Disability in childhood : Dyslexia (Asperger’s Syndrome, Autism)
• Books written :
  • The World as I see it
  • Relativity : The Special and the General Theory
  • The Evolution of Physics
  • The Meaning of Relativity
  • Einstein’s Essays in Science
  • Einstein on Peace
  • Why War?
  • Essays in Humanism

The Night I Met Einstein English Workshop Question 2.
Look at the picures of musical instruments and write their names; what the player of the instrument is called and a famous player of the instrument.

Answer:

The Night I Met Einstein Pdf Questions And Answers Question 3.
Separate the words in the columns they belong to.
(chorus, ballet, melody, swar, kathak, raga, salsa, symphony, mudra, serenade, choreography, tune, audience, tango, allegro, duet, odissi, choir, concert, performance, hip-hop)

Music	Common to both arts	Dance

Answer:

Music	Common to both arts	Dance
chorus	salsa	ballet
melody	audience	kathak
swar	concert	mudra
raga	performance	tango
symphony		odissi
serenade		hip-hop
tune		choreography
allegro
duet
choir

The Night I Met Einstein Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Night I Met Einstein Question 1.
Complete the following sentences.
(a) The narrator was not happy about the concert because …………………………………….. .
(b) When the narrator turned to look at his neighbour, he …………………………………….. .
(c) Einstein was surprised to hear that …………………………………….. .
(d) The narrator’s memory has an image of Einstein as …………………………………….. .
(e) The greatest act towards human beings is …………………………………….. .
Answer:
(a) he did not understand classical music.
(b) he saw a very famous face with a shock of white hair and a pipe.
(c) the narrator had never heard any of Bach’s music and did not know anything about him.

Question 2.
Who said to whom?

Statement	Who	To whom	Effect on the listener
“We are going to listen to a very good pianist.”
“I do not know anything about Bach.”
“You are not tone-deaf.”
“Just allow yourself to listen that’s all there is to it”

Answer:

Statement	Who	To Whom	Effect on the listener
“We are going to listen to a very good pianist.”	The hostess	The narrator	not very happy
“You’re fond of Bach?”	A guest at the party (Albert Einstein)	The narrator	wanted to say something ordinary to get out of the situation
“You are not tone deaf.”	Albert Einstein	The narrator/writer	The listener tried to justify himself
“Just allow yourself to listen. That’s all there is to it.”	Einstein	the narrator	The listener was able to appreciate the concert and clap sincerçy.

Question 3.
List all the words from the story related to ‘Music’.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
concert, pianist. classical music, tone-deaf, piece, Bach, gramophone, song, tune, Bing Crosby, John McCormack. The Trumpeter.

Question 4.
Rewrite the following sentences inserting the appropriate phrases in their proper form.
(to get out of, to come up, to turn on, to give in, to get into, to come down, to work out, to turn off, to give off, to give out, to work in)
(a) He ………………………….. bed and ………………………….. the living room, to see if the door was closed.
(b) To enjoy the music and relax, he ………………………….. the music and ………………………….. the lights.
(c) Smita ………………………….. to her desire and ………………………….. her favourite toys to the poor.
(d) You should ………………………….. Mathematics so that you can ………………………….. problem.
Answer:
(a) got out of, came down
(b) turned on, turned off
(c) gave In, gave off
(d) get into, work out

Question 5.
(A) Give two points of difference between :

Instrumental Music	Vocal Music
(1)
(2)

Answer:

Instrumental Music	Vocal Music
(1) Instruments are used.	The voice (vocal cords) are used.
(2) Some part of the body is used as a medium to produce the sound, but the final sound is produced by the instrument.	Some parts of the body aid the production of sound (e.g., lungs, vocal tract, etc.), but the final sound emerges through the mouth.
(3) The output of the instrument is more or less of the same type, although the way the musician plays can give it an individualistic flavour.	Individual voices vary from the very low bass to the very high tenor. Hence the output varies and is very individualistic.
(4) An instrument can hardly be expected to sound like a voice (although some musicians try).	The voice can be used to imithte the sound of an instrument.

(B)

Light music	Classical music	Folk music

Answer:

Light music	Classical music	Folk music
(1) Pleasant to hear (2) Does not demand any great attention or effort from the listener (3) Could be from any genre.	(1) Based on discipline (2) Strict rules of rhythm and patterns	(1) Comes from the heart (2) Voices popular emotion s (3) No strict rules

Question 6.
Prepare a word list of occupations in alphabetical order from the letters A upto T. (You may skip ‘K’ and ‘Q’)

Answer:
Actor – Banker – Carpenter
Driver – Engineer – Farmer
Gardener – Hairdresser – Inspector
Jockey – Keyboardist – Labourer
Musician – Neurosurgeon – Optician
Painter – Quarryworker – Radiologist
Singer – Tailor – Upholsterer
Vendor – Walter – Zoologist

Question 7.
Rewrite the following in indirect narration.
(a) ‘‘You are not tone-deaf’’, he said to me.
(b) ‘‘Could you have done it?’’, said Einstein.
(c) ‘‘Sing that back’’, he ordered me.
(d) He said, ‘‘What kind of music do you like?’’
(e) ‘‘I’m so sorry, Dr. Einstein’’, she said.
Answer:
(a) He told me that I was not tone-deaf.
(b) Einstein asked whether (if) I could have done it.
(c) He ordered me to sing that back.
(d) He asked what kind of music I (the narrator) liked.
(e) She told Dr Einstein that she was very sorry.

Question 8.
(A) Degrees of Comparison (Positive / Comparative / Superlative) Insert the appropriate expressions, choosing from those given after each sentences, for the positive degree.
(1) I am not ……………………………. my friend.
(taller than/ more taller/just as tall as)

(2) They are ……………………………. their neighbours.
(as helpful as/most helpful/more helpful)

(3) No other desert in Africa is ……………………………. the Sahara Desert.
(biggest of all/nearly so big as/bigger as)

(4) Very few animals in the wild are ……………………………. an elephant.
(exactly huger than/exactly as huge as/hugest than)

(5) Some snacks are ……………………………. a pizza.
(at least as tasty as/tastier as/most tasty as)
Answer:
(1) as tall as
(2) as helpful as
(3) nearly as big as
(4) exactly as huge as
(5) at least as tasty as

(B) Change the Degree of Comparision, as directed and rewrite without changing the meaning.
(1) No one in the class is as brilliant as Tanvi. (Superlative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Tanvi is the most brilliant one in class.

(2) A diamond is one of the most precious of all stones. (Comparative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
A diamond is more precious than most other stones.

(3) Her handwriting is better than that of her sister. (Positive)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Her sister’s handwriting is not as good as hers.

(4) Jupiter is the largest of all planets. (Comparative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Jupiter is larger than any other planet.

(5) He is not the greatest of all leaders. (Positive)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
He is not as great as some of the other leaders.

(6) This painting is better than any other painting in the palace. (Superlative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
This is the best painting in the palace.

Question 9.
Prepare a word chain.

Answer:

Question 10.
Pick out words that refer to the following:
(1) A musical performance in public …………………………….
(2) A lady who invites and looks after guests …………………………….
(3) A device used to play recorded music …………………………….
(4) One who is poor at deciphering musical notes …………………………….
(5) Boundaries or limits of a field …………………………….
Answer:
(1) concert
(2) hostess
(3) gramophone
(4) tone-deaf
(5) frontiers

Question 11.
‘Music is the medicine of the mind’. Narrate an experience that leads to the above conclusion. Write it in your own words, in
your notebook.
Answer:
Music is the medicine of the mind Music is good therapy. It is particularly effective because it registers on multiple sites of the brain. This means that even if the brain is very badly affected by a stroke or illness, there are s^till parts of the brain that recognise music.

I remember how upset all of us were when Grandfather suffered a stroke. The left side of his body and almost all of his face were affected. The once great and active Grandpa now lay still on the bed and had to be fed through a tube going down his nostrils. Little Rani could not stop weeping.

Grandfather had once presented me with a mobile phone. He knew my love for music and had told me I could download my favourite songs and create a playlist and listen to them whenever I wanted to.

I would sit by Grandfather’s bed whenever I was at home and had finished my studies and play the songs and listen to them.

One evening, to my surprise, I saw a shadow of a smile beginning to appear on Grandpa’s face. At first I couldn’t believe it. Then it became more definite and prominent. Grandpa was actually smiling!

I called Mom and Dad and Rani and everyone to see. Yes, Grandpa was indeed smiling. The music had reached out to him and had drawn out a response from him.

That was one of the happiest moments during his illness.

Question 12.
You will come across many famous personalities in the story. Go to library or search on internet the following names and write a few lines about the personalities given below.
(a) Albert Einstein
(b) Johann S. Bach
(c) Bing Crosby
(d) John McCormack
Answer:
(a) The last line tells us that Einstein believes in making others understand the joy there is in knowing the beauty that is all around us.
(b) Einstein then made him hear a little more advanced song by John.
(c) Two singers mentioned in the passage are : Bing Crosby
(d) The singer whose song was more advanced was : John McCormack

Question 13.
Imagine you are the monitor of the class. You are asked to conduct an interview of a famous scientist who is in your city/village. Frame 8 to 10 interview questions with the help of the following points.
(1) Early life and education
(2) Interest for this particular field
(3) Any inspirational incident that occurred in his/her life
(4) Guru or mentor
(5) Inventions and awards
(6) Future plans
(7) Advice/Message to youngsters
Answer:
Interview questions to be asked to the scientist :
(1) Good morning, Sir. I ani prMleged to interview an eminent scientist like you. Sir, could you tell me about your early life and education?
(2) Apart from science were there any other subjects that Interested you in school or college?
(3) Is there any specific incident you can mention that Inspired you to go ahead and achieve greatness?
(4) Who would you say was your Guru or mentor?
(5) Sir, could you give us a brief idea about your Inventions?
(6) WhIch awards have you received?
(7) Sir, what are your future plans?
(8) What advice do you have for the youngsters of today?

Question 14.
Project :
Divide the class into four groups. Collect pictures or draw images of various musical instruments, of the following categories.
(a) Stringed Instruments (Guitar)
(b) Wind Instruments (Flute)
(c) Percussion Instruments (Tabla)
(d) Solid Metal Instruments (Cymbals)
Paste and decorate pictures on separate sheets of paper. Give proper headings and names. Compile into a file with a cover and suitable file-title.

Question 15.
Complete the following sentences :
(a) The entertainment arranged-for by the hostess was a concert where everyone ……………………..
Answer:
(a) would listen to a very good pianist.

Question 16.
What was the writer’s reaction to classical music?
Answer:
The writer did not understand classical music.

Question 17.
Rewrite the following sentences using the phrases given in the brackets : (to pay attention to, to be fond of, to get out of shock of hair)
(a) Sachin ………………….. of playing cricket.
(b) The teacher asked her students ………………….. their studies.
(c) The rabbit trapped in the snare was trying to ……………….. it.
(d) He moved and I saw a ………………….. gleaming in the sun.
Answer:
(a) was fond
(b) to pay attention to
(c) get out of
(d) shock of hair

Question 18.
Write one word for :
(a) a man who helps the poor by giving them money
(b) one who plays the piano
Answer:
(a) philanthropist
(b) pIanist

Question 19.
Chairs were being arranged. (Change to the active voice.)
Answer:
They were arranging chairs.

Question 20.
I heard a gentle, but firm, voice saying, “You’re fond of Bach?” (Rewrite using the indirect form of narration.)
Answer:
I heard a gentie, but firm voice asking if (whether) I was fond of Bach.

Question 21.
I heard everyone clapping, so I realised that the piece was over. (Rewrite using ‘when/because’.)
Answer:
I realized that the piece was over when/because I heard everyone clapping.

Question 22.
Have you ever attended a concert? Write a few lines about it.
Answer:
Yes, I have’ attended a concert of Justin Bieber. It was so exciting to see my favourite popstar live on stage and to hear him singing my favouritesongs. It was quite ecstatic to be part of a crowd that were equally enthusiastic fans.

Question 23.
Write True or False for the statements :
(a) The narrator had heard of Bach.
(b) The narrator’s answer displeased Einstein.
(c) The upper room had a gramophone.
(d) The narrator liked the kind of music where he could follow the words.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False

Question 24.
Complete the following sentences : (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) The narrator could not understand music because …………………..
Answer:
(a) he was tone-deaf.

Question 25.
How were Einstein and the writer different in the way they listened to music?
Answer:
Einstein was used to listening to classical music, whereas the writer preferred songs that had words and the kind of music where he could follow the tune. Einstein had a keen ear for music, but the writer was tone-deaf and so could not understand music.

Question 26.
I’m not able to. (Rewrite using a modal auxiliary.)
Answer:
I cannot.

Question 27.
State what the underlined modal auxiliaries indicate :
(a) I must tell this man the truth.
(b) You can give me an example, perhaps?
Answer:
(a) compulsion – obligation
(b) formal request.

Question 28.
What do you learn from Einstein’s treatment of the young man?
Answer:
From Einstein’s treatment of the young man, we learn that Einstein expected others to be truthful. He questioned the young man and managed to persuade him into trying to understand another point of view. This shows Einstein as a man who gave importance to the perceptions of others, but at the same time, was quite persistent about his own viewpoint. Being a man of science, he liked to use the question-answer method to put across his point of view.

Question 29.
Complete the following :
(a) The writer thought that the simplest answerwas ……………………
Answer:
(a) to sing the lines back to him.

Question 30.
How did Einstein help the narrator appreciate music?
Answer:
Einstein made the narrator first hear Bing Crosby, who sang popular songs. The narrator was able to sing the lines back to Einstein. This was because he had heard it hundreds of times before. Not stopping at this, Einstein then made him hear a little more advanced song by John McCormack. Thus they went from lower level to higher level. In this way, Einstein helped the narrator to appreciate higher forms of music.

Question 31
Rewrite the sentences inserting the appropriate phrases in their proper form : (in order to, to get into, to work out)
(a) You should ……………………. Mathematics so that you can ………………. problems.
(b) He read the passage two or three times in ……………. understand it.
Answer:
(a) get Into, work out
(b) order to

Question 32.
The simplest answer seemed to be to sing the lines. So I sang it back to him.
Answer:
The simplest answer seemed to be to sing the lines. So I sang it back to him.

Question 33.
Add question tags:
(a) It proves everything.
(b) It’s like learning maths.
(c) Sing that back.
Answer:
(a) It proves everything, doesn’t it?
(b) It’s like learning maths, isn’t it?
(c) Sing that back, will you?

Question 34.
(1) What do you learn from Einstein’s treatment of the young man?
Answer:
From Einstein’s treatment of the young man we learn how patient and polite Einstein was. We come to know that he was a very good teacher, moving step by step in attempting to teach the young man to appreciate classical music. Also by using a comparison from maths and the question and answer method, Einstein comes across as a true scientist.

Question 35.
Do you think the comparison between music and arithmetic was a good one? In what way?
Answer:
Yes, I think that the comparison between music and arithmetic was a good one because music too involves timing, rhythm and beats that require some mathematical knowledge. Also Einstein showed how when we are taught arithmetic, we begin with the simple and then move on to the complicated. It is the same thing with music. From music with words – which is within the grasp of the average listener, Einstein progressed to music without words – which is what classical music is all about.

Question 36.
Choose the correct alternatives and fill in the blanks:
(1) Whenever the narrator hears the piece of Bach, he remembers ………………… (Einstein/the hostess)
(2) The hostess was …………. with the narrator. (happy/angry)
(3) Finally, the narrator …………….. the concert. (enjoyed/did not enjoy)
(4) Einstein was …………… with the narrator. (pleased/displeased)
Answer:
(1) Einstein
(2) angry
(3) enjoyed
(4) pleased

Question 37.
Complete the following:
(a) The narrator’s memory has an image of Einstein as …………………………
(b) The greatest act towards human beings is ……………………..
Answer:
(a) a small man with a shock of untidy hair and a pipe in his mouth.
(b) opening up the frontiers of beauty.

Question 38.
What does the last line tell you about Einstein?
Answer:
The last line tells us that Einstein believes in making others understand the joy there is in knowing the beauty that is all around us.

Question 39.
(1) Choose the correct meaning in the context of the passage:

(i) down:
(a) southwards
(b) downstairs
(c) soft feathers
Answer:
(b) down – downstairs

(ii) piece:
(a) a thing
(b) an example of artistic workmanship
(c) musical composition
Answer:
(c) piece – musical composition.

Question 40.
Rewrite the sentences inserting the appropriate phrases in their proper form: (to open up, to turn on, to turn off)
(a) His new discovery is …………………. new areas of research in digital technology.
Answer:
(a) opening-up

Question 41.
Write from the passage words that sound the same as:
(a) grate
(b) knew
(c) their
(d) peace
(e) sew
(f) two.
Answer:
(a) great
(b) new
(c) there
(d) piece
(e) so
(f) to.

Question 42.
Pick out from the passage words that refer to:
(a) an unfriendly expression on the face: ………………..
Answer:
(a) a cold look

Question 43.
I was the most important person in the world. (Rewrite in the comparative and positive degree.)
Answer:
(a) I was more important than any other person in the world. (Comparative)
(b) No other person in the world was as important as I was. (Positive)

Question 44.
Why, do you think, did the lady look ‘puzzled’?
Answer:
The lady believed that listening to classical music was the highest form of human activity. Einstein did not stay to listen. Instead he took the narrator to the next room and played songs on the gramophone. Through his efforts he was able to make the narrator really appreciate classical music. For Einstein, opening the minds of others to the appreciation of beauty was the highest form of human activity. This viewpoint ‘puzzled’ the lady.

Question 45.
(1) Write two compound words from the lesson.
(2) Identify the type of sentence: Please come with me.
(3) Punctuate the sentence: can you give me an example perhaps he said
(4) Write the hidden words in the given words: understand
(5) Frame a sentence using given the phrase: in order to
(6) Pick out the gerund and use it in your own sentence: It’s like learning maths.
(7) Spot the error and correct the sentence: I was hear everyone is clapping.
(8) Write the present and past participles of the given verbs: clap, rot.
Answer:
(1) anything, everything
(2) Imperative sentence
(3) “ Can you give me an example, perhaps?” he said.
(4) under, stand, sand, rest
(5) In order to succeed, one must work hard.
(6) gerund: learning Sentence: She is interested in learning French.
(7) I heard everyone clapping.
(8) clapping, clapped; rotting, rotted.

Question 46.
(1) The word ‘kind’ has two different meanings. Write sentences to bring out the two meanings.
(2) Rewrite the following sentence using the underlined verb in the present perfect continuous tense : Can you tell me what you just heard?
(3) I must tell this man the truth. (Rewrite beginning ‘This man…’)
Answer:
(1) (a) This was a different kind of music that he had never heard before, (a group of things having the same characteristics)
(b) The old lady was kind to the little children in the neighbourhood, (generous or considerate)
(2) Can you tell me what you have just been hearing?
(3) This man must be told the truth. (by me)

Question 47.
(1) Change to the positive degree of comparison. He was one of the kindest persons I ever met.
(2) Use the word ‘face’ as a noun as well as a verb in sentences.
Answer:
(1) Not many people I had ever met were as kind as he was.
(2) (a) He has an aristocratic face. (noun)
(b) Let us face the danger together.