Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Geography Important Questions Chapter 8 Biomes Important Questions and Answers.
Maharashtra State Board 11th Geography Important Questions Chapter 8 Biomes
Complete the chain.
Question 1.
| A | B | C |
| (1) Tropical Rainforest | (1) 10° to 20° N and S | (1) Khejari, acacia, century plant, cactus |
| (2) Tropical Deciduous | (2) 20° to 30° N and S | (2) Elephant grass, few shrubs, trees |
| (3) Savannah Grassland | (3) 0° to 10° N and S | (3) Teak, sal, sandalwood, bamboos |
| (4) Tropical Desert | (4) 5° to 30° N and S | (4) Mahogany, ebony, rosewood |
Answer:
| A | B | C |
| (1) Tropical Rainforest | (1) 0° to 10° N and S | (1) Mahogany, ebony, rosewood |
| (2) Tropical Deciduous | (2) 5° to 30° N and S | (2) Teak, sal, sandalwood, bamboos |
| (3) Savannah Grassland | (3) 10° to 20° N and S | (3) Elephant grass, few shrubs, trees |
| (4) Tropical Desert | (4) 20° to 30s N and S | (4) Khejari, acacia, century plant, cactus |
Question 2.
| A | B | C |
| (1) Mediterranean | (1) 40° to 50° N and S | (1) Maple, elm, walnut, deodar |
| (2) Temperate Deciduous | (2) 40° to 55° N and S | (2) Willow, elder, poplar, various species of grasses |
| (3) Temperate Grassland | (3) 30° to 40° N and S | (3) Pine, oak, cedar, rosemary |
Answer:
| A | B | C |
| (1) Mediterranean | (1) 30° to 40° N and S | (1) Pine, oak, cedar, rosemary |
| (2) Temperate Deciduous | (2) 40° to 50° N and S | (2) Maple, elm, walnut, deodar |
| (3) Temperate Grassland | (3) 40° to 55° N and S | (3) Willow, elder, poplar, various species of grasses |
Choose the correct option by identifying the correct correlation in the sentences.
Question 1.
Teak is the main tree in …………….. Biome.
(a) Tropical Rainforest
(b) Tropical Deciduous
(c) Savannah Grassland
(d) Tropical Desert
Answer:
(b) Tropical Deciduous
Question 2.
The ………………. Biome was known as ‘The Heaven for Hunting’.
(a) Savannah Grassland
(b) Tropical Desert
(c) Mediterranean
(d) Tropical Deciduous
Answer:
(a) Savannah Grassland
Question 3.
The ………………… Biome has been ideal for the development of cinema industry.
(a) Temperate Deciduous
(b) Temperate Grassland
(c) Taiga
(c) Mediterranean
Answer:
(c) Mediterranean
Question 4.
One type of tree species is the characteristic of ……………….. Biome.
(a) Taiga
(b) Tundra
(c) Mountain
(d) Tropical Rainforest
Answer:
(a) Taiga
Question 5.
The ……………… Biome is the coldest of the Biomes.
(a) Mediterranean
(b) Temperate Deciduous
(c) Temperate Grasslands
(d) Tundra
Answer:
(d) Tundra
Question 6.
In the grassland areas of Africa, ………………..
(a) various tribal communities inhabit
(b) Masais live along with their cattle
(c) Bedouin tribe lives by trade
(d) human life has flourished very well
Answer:
(b) Masais live along with their cattle
Question 7.
The Sherpas, Bakarwals, Lepchas, Bhutiyas, etc., are communities living in the …………………. mountain biome.
(a) Rockies
(b) Himalayan
(c) Alps
(d) Andes
Answer:
(b) Himalayan
Question 8.
The layer of the marine biome where the animals are adapted to survive on detritus under even greater pressure is ………………..
(a) the darkest and deepest layer
(b) the Euphotic layer
(c) the Disphotic layer
(d) the Aphotic layer
Answer:
(a) the darkest and deepest layer
Question 9.
The various species of grass that include purple needle grass, blue grama, buffalo grass, and galleta are found in ………………….
(a) Savannah Grassland Biome
(b) Temperate Grasslands Biome
(c) Tundra Biome
(d) Highland Biome
Answer:
(b) Temperate Grasslands Biome
Identify the correct correlation.
A : Assertion
R : Reasoning
Question 1.
A – The climate includes conditions like rainfall, temperature, humidity, soil conditions etc.
R – The boundaries of different biomes land are determined mainly by climate.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 2.
A – Different biomes have different animals and plants on the same trophic levels.
R – There can be many ecosystems within a biome.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 3.
A – There is degradation in the biome of tropical rainforest biome.
R – There is increasing industrialization and agriculture in the biome of tropical rainforest.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 4.
A – The elephant grass grows in Savanah Grassland biome.
R – There are many grass eating animals therefore carnivores are large in number in Savannah Grassland biome.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 5.
A – The animals in tropical desert region are small and tend to burrow.
R – There are mainly herbivores in tropical desert region.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(a) Only A is correct.
Question 6.
A – In the aquatic biome top layer is called aphotic layer.
R – In the aquatic biome the middle layer is called disphotic layer.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(b) Only R is correct.
Question 7.
A – The subdivision of aquatic biome is based on salt content of water and the aquatic plants live there.
R – In marine biome there are three layers in water.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 8.
A – Tourism has developed in mountain or highland biome.
R – People come here for paragliding, trekking and to get relief from heat.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 9.
A – Tundra is the coldest of the biome.
R – Animal life is very scarce here.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 10.
A – Many fruits and flowers are grown in the Mediterranean region.
R – Many heavy industries are developed in the Mediterranean region.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(a) Only A is correct.
Identify the incorrect factor.
Question 1.
The abiotic factors are-
(a) Soil
(b) Bacteria
(c) Water
(d) Sunlight
Answer:
(b) Bacteria
Question 2.
Herbivores found in the Tundra biome are-
(a) Reindeer
(b) Caribou
(c) Bears
(d) Wild horse
Answer:
(d) Wild horse
Question 3.
Tropical rainforest biome is in-
(a) Congo basin
(b) Amazon basin
(c) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(d) Thailand
Answer:
(d) Thailand
Question 4.
Following birds are observed in the tropical desert biome-
(a) Vulture
(b) Bustard
(c) Barn owls
(d) Desert eagle owls
Answer:
(a) Vulture
Question 5.
The abiotic factors in an ecosystem include …………………
(a) air
(b) sunlight
(c) temperature
(d) animals
Answer:
(d) animals
Question 6.
The climatic conditions that determine the boundaries of different biomes on the land are ……………….
(a) rainfall
(b) temperature
(c) humidity
(d) relief
Answer:
(d) relief
Identify the correct correlations.
Question 1.
| Tribes | Locations |
| (i) Pygmies | (a) Grassland areas of Africa |
| (ii) Masais | (b) Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
| (iii) Sentinels | (c) Himalayan Mountain biome |
| (iv) Sherpa | (d) Congo |
| (e) Alaska |
Answer:
| Tribes | Locations |
| (i) Pygmies | (d) Congo |
| (ii) Masais | (a) Grassland areas of Africa |
| (iii) Sentinels | (b) Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
| (iv) Sherpa | (c) Himalayan Mountain biome |
Question 2.
| Trees | Biomes |
| (i) Ebony | (a) Tropical Deciduous |
| (ii) Sandalwood | (b) Tropical Desert |
| (iii) Khejari | (c) Tropical Rain forest |
| (iv) Willow | (d) Tropical Desert |
| (e) Temperate Deciduous |
Answer:
| Trees | Biomes |
| (i) Ebony | (c) Tropical Rain forest |
| (ii) Sandalwood | (a) Tropical Deciduous |
| (iii) Khejari | (b) Tropical Desert |
| (iv) Willow | (e) Temperate Deciduous |
Question 3.
| Birds | Locations |
| (i) Pale crag martin | (a) Savannah Grassland Biome |
| (ii) Ostriches | (b) Temperate Deciduous Biome |
| (iii) Peregrine | (c) Tundra Biome |
| (iv) Ptarmigan | (d) Tropical Deciduous Biome |
| (e) Tropical Desert Biome |
Answer:
| Birds | Locations |
| (i) Pale crag martin | (e) Tropical Desert Biome |
| (ii) Ostriches | (a) Savannah Grassland Biome |
| (iii) Peregrine | (b) Temperate Deciduous Biome |
| (iv) Ptarmigan | (c) Tundra Biome |
Arrange the given statements as per given instructions.
Question 1.
Arrange the following Marine Biomes from the lowest to the uppermost level.
(a) Aphotic layer
(b) Darkest layer
(c) Euphotic layer
(d) Disphotic layer
Answer:
(c). (d), (a), (b)
Give geographical reasons.
Question 1.
Human life is not very easy in the Tropical Rainforest biome.
Answer:
Human life is not very easy in the tropical rainforest biome because-
- Tropical Rainforest is present between 0° to 10° N and S.
- There is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation of at least 60 cm.
- The ground is marshy and covered with thick undergrowth.
- The forest is very dense and impenetrable and inaccessible.
- The rivers are infested with crocodiles, snakes and insects like mosquitoes and flies.
- The conditions in the Tropical Rainforest are not favourable for human habitation. The indigenous humans in these parts are still in their primitive stage. They are engaged in primary occupations, such as gathering forest products, hunting, etc.
Question 2.
There is a degradation in the Tropical Rainforest biome.
Answer:
- There is an increase in agriculture and industrialisation in this biome. Therefore, deforestation is on a large scale.
- The biodiversity found in this biome is getting destroyed.
- Golden lion tamarin, gorilla, orangutan, harpy – eagle, chimpanzee, poison dart frogs are threatened.
Hence, there is a degradation in the tropical rainforest biome.
Question 3.
In Tropical and Sub-Tropical biomes, a large diversity exists in fauna.
Answer:
- The biodiversity found in Tropical and Sub-Tropical biomes ranks second in the world,
- In tropical region trees have a three-tier system, therefore every bird and animal have its own niche in the areas from the ground to the top of the tree.
- Therefore, from microscopic organisms to large elephants, hippopotamus, rhinos, tiger, lion, gaur, monkeys, reptiles, etc., are found in huge numbers.
- Birds like greater coucal, hornbills, Asian koel, peacock, vultures, falcon, pigeons, sparrows, etc., are found here.
- Similarly, ants, butterflies, insects and worms are also found in plenty.
- In grassland region, grass eating animals are more, therefore carnivores who are dependent on them are also high.
- Thus, in Tropical and suh-tropical biomes, a large diversity exists in fauna.
Question 4.
The forests in Tropical Deciduous biomes are in danger.
Answer:
- There is large scale deforestation and also wildfires.
- Extensive use of fertilizers by humans and spray of insecticides has threatened many wild species.
- Due to increasing population there is encroachment on forest areas for human settlements. Hence, the forests in Tropical Deciduous biomes are in danger.
- The Temperate Grasslands biome is getting degraded.
- The extent of commercial agriculture is increasing in this biome.
- Industries are also increasing.
- Meadows and pastures are reducing because of overgrazing.
- Hence, the Temperate Grasslands biome is being degraded.
- Life of Eskimos has changed In the Tundra biome.
- In the Tundra biome, human settlements are very sparse.
- Lapps, Samoyeds and Eskimos live in adverse climate.
- Life of Eskimos has changed after they have come in contact with westernizers.
- As they have started getting advanced instruments, their life and fishing methods have changed.
- Thus, they have started exploitation of fish with the help of modern methods at a higher speed in this biome.
- This biome is seeing development due to increased transportation and means of communication.
- The standard of life has improved and this has affected the protected factors of this biome.
Differentiate between
Question 1.
Vegetation in Tundra and Mountain Biome.
Answer:
| Vegetation in the Tundra Biome | Vegetation in the Mountain Biome |
| (i) The tundra is the coldest of the biomes. | (i) The temperatures are low and it decreases with increase in height. |
| (ii) The ground is frozen for 8 months of the year. There is a layer of permanently frozen ground below the surface, called permafrost. | (ii) Climate depends on altitude, location on leeward or windward side, orographic rainfall and snowfall on upper slopes of mountains. |
| (iii) Vegetation has adapted to the cold and the short growing season. | (iii) The vegetation has range from deciduous to tundra varj-ing according to altitude. |
| (iv) Mosses and lichens are common, while few trees grow here. | (iv) Rhododendron plants grow on most mountains. Oak, laurel and chestnut trees are also found up to 2000 m above sea-level. Pine trees are found up to 4000 m. |
| (v) The trees that do manage to grow stay close to the ground so they are insulated by snow during the cold winters. | (v) Above 4000 m altitude only lichens, grass and moss can be found. |
Question 2.
Vegetation in Mediterranean and Temperate Deciduous Biome.
Answer:
| Vegetation in the Mediterranean Biome | Vegetation in the Temperate Deciduous Biome |
| (i) The height of the trees is less. | (i) The vegetation has adapted to the cold climate. |
| (ii) The vegetation is mixed type, evergreen and deciduous. | (ii) They are found in three layers. Tall growing trees (18 m to 30 m), short trees and shrubs such as laurel and berries grows |
| (iii) The leaves of the trees are waxy and thick. | (iii) The trees have broad leaves. |
| (iv) The evaporation is less and they can sustain longer in tough conditions. | (iv) In this biome, hardwood and deciduous trees are found. |
| (v) Rosemary, cork, oak, olive, eucalyptus, peach, pine, sweet chestnut, cedar, Cyprus, etc., are found. | (v) Beech, elm, chestnut, oak, willow, cherry, maple, pine, walnut, deodar, etc., are found. |
Answer the following question by using the given map.
Question 1.
Name the biome in Africa and Saudi Arabia.
Answer:
Tropical Desert biome
Question 2.
The continuous belt of which biome do you see in Russia?
Answer:
Taiga biome
Question 3.
Name the biome shown in Brazil in South America.
Answer:
Tropical Rainforest biome
Question 4.
Which biome is marked in the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea?
Answer:
Mediterranean biome
Question 5.
Name the biome shown in India and its neighbouring countries of SE Asia.
Answer:
Tropical Deciduous biome
Answer in detail.
Question 1.
Describe the Aquatic Biomes.
Answer:
- Approximately, 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by oceans. Besides oceans there are rivers, lakes, etc., which are freshwater sources.
- Biomes are found in water, too. Here, the plants and animals have adapted themselves to the existing climatic conditions.
- The aquatic biomes consist of any part of the earth that is covered with water, including fresh water and salt water.
- The aquatic biome can be further divided into freshwater biomes, marine biomes, wetland biomes, coral reef biomes, estuaries, etc., based on the salt content of the water and the aquatic plants that live there.
In the marine biomes, there are three layers:
(i) Euphotic Layer : It is found till a depth of 200 m and sunlight can reach here. It houses many fishes, sea turtles, jelly fish, seals, corals, zooplankton and mangroves.
(ii) Disphotic Layer : It is the middle layer. Here, some light penetrates to the bottom part. It is around 1000 m deep from the mean sea level. Except for a few phytoplankton that have sunk from the upper layer, plants are not found here. Squid, cuttlefish, wolfish, swordfish, eels, sea dragons, etc., are found. These creatures are adapted to darkness, cold water and high pressure.
(iii) Aphotic Layer : It is the third and the deepest layer that ranges from 1000 m to 4000 m depth. No light penetrates here. There is no living plant life. Inhabitants of this cold dark environment include elusive giant squid, bioluminescent jellyfish, angler fish, hatchet fish, etc. Sperm whales enter this zone to hunt but return to the upper layers.
Beyond this layer, lies the darkest and the deepest zone extending up to the sea floor. Here, the animals are adapted to survive on detritus under even greater pressure.