Maharashtra Board Class 11 Sociology Important Questions Chapter 6 Socialization

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Sociology Important Questions Chapter 6 Socialization Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Sociology Important Questions Chapter 6 Socialization

Choose the correct alternative and complete the statements.

Question 1.
Socialization is a ………………….. process.
(lifelong / learning / transitional)
Answer:
Life-long/earning

Question 2.
………………….. is a study of genes and heredity.
(Socialization / Genetics / Biology)
Answer:
Genetics

Question 3.
The process of ………………….. signifies the role of‘nurture’ in human development.
(culture / stratification / socialization)
Answer:
socialization

Question 4.
Socialization transforms the individual self into a ………………….. self.
(political / primary / social)
Answer:
social

Question 5.
………………….. transforms the biological organism into a social being.
(Culture / Art / Socialization)
Answer:
Socialization

Question 6.
………………….. is the first stage of the process of socialization, according to Mead.
(Play Stage / Imitation / Game Stage)
Answer:
Imitation

Question 7.
In ………………….. stage, a child internalises the attitudes of others, significant to him/her.
(imitation / game / play)
Answer:
play

Question 8.
In ………………….. stage, children learn to behave according to the impressions of others.
(imitation / play / game)
Answer:
game

Question 9.
The ………………….. is formed through our interactions with others and our understanding of others responses.
(self / imitation / role)
Answer:
self

Question 10.
The learning which happens in the early years is termed as ………………….. socialization.
(secondary / primary / tertiary)
Answer:
primary

Question 11.
………………….. socialization involves intense cultural learning and takes place in childhood.
(Secondary / Primary / Tertiary)
Answer:
Primary

Question 12.
Family is the ………………….. agency of socialization.
(formal / informal / non-formal)
Answer:
informal

Question 13.
………………….. are friendship groups made up of people of similar age.
(Family / Peer groups / Neighbour)
Answer:
Peer groups

Question 14.
Peer groups use ………………….. sanctions.
(informal / formal / egalitarian)
Answer:
informal

Question 15.
In peer groups, the interactions are ………………….. when compared to family or school.
(dependent / formal / egalitarian)
Answer:
egalitarian

Question 16.
………………….. are the means for delivering impersonal communication directed to a vast audience.
(Family / Peer groups / Mass media)
Answer:
Mass media

Question 17.
One of the significant agents of adult socialization is the …………………..
(school / family / workplace)
Answer:
workplace

Question 18.
………………….. is the process of unlearning and relearning new norms and values.
(Adult socialization / Re-socialization / Socialization)
Answer:
Resocialization

Question 19.
………………….. is credited for having popularized the term ‘total institution’.
(Erving Goffman / Max Weber / George Mead)
Answer:
Erving Goffman

Question 20.
………………….. involves a process of tearing down and rebuilding an individual’s role.
(Adult socialization / Re-socialization / Socialization)
Answer:
Re-socialization

Question 21.
………………….. is often a deliberate and an intense social process.
(Socialization / Adult socialization / Re-socialization)
Answer:
Re-socialization

Question 22.
The term ………………….. Institution refers to new ways of life in controlled and regulated manner.
(Social / Total / Political)
Answer:
Total

Question 23.
…………………. is the second stage of the process of socialization, according to Mead.
(Imitation / Play stage / Game stage)
Answer:
Play stage

Question 24.
…………………. indicates continuous process of learning.
(Socialization / Adult socialization / Re-socialization)
Answer:
Adult socialization

Question 25.
A ………………….. is a ereoeraohicallv localized community within a larger city, town etc.
(neighbourhood / family / school)
Answer:
neighbourhood

Correct the incorrect pair.

Question 1.
(a) Senior citizen group – Peer Group
(b) Cultural festivals, sports activities – Neighbourhood
(c) Professional networks – Informal Groups
(d) Newspaper, television – Mass Media
Answer:
(c) Professional networks – Formal Groups

Question 2.
(a) A Prison sentence – Adult socialization
(b) Role play – Game Stage
(c) A significant other – Play Stage
(d) Lack of understanding – Imitation
Answer:
(a) A Prison sentence – Resocialization

Question 3.
(a) Family, peer group – Primary Socialization
(b) School, professional networks – Secondary Socialization
(c) It enabled media and social media – School
(d) Military camps, prisons – Total Institution
Answer:
(c) It enabled media and social media – Mass Media

Identify the appropriate term from the given options.

(Internet, Peer Group, Childhood, Socialization, Unsocialization, The Self, Imitation, Play Stage, Game Stage, Primary Socialization, Secondary Socialization, Positive Sanctions, School, Technology, Negative Sanctions, Mass Media, Neighbourhood, Workplace, Adult Socialization, Re-socialization.)

Question 1.
Well documented cases of Feral, Mogli, Genies.
Answer:
Unsocialization

Question 2.
It emerges through communication and interactions with others.
Answer:
The Self

Question 3.
A little boy helping his parents clean the floor.
Answer:
Imitation

Question 4.
It extends over the entire life of a person.
Answer:
Secondary Socialization

Question 5.
Grades, prizes, praise.
Answer:
School

Question 6.
It has increased the speed of mass media.
Answer:
Technology

Question 7.
It has wider reach and can spread information in a more democratic manner.
Answer:
Mass Media

Question 8.
It helps a person to broaden his/her horizons in terms of social acceptance and tolerance towards the others.
Answer:
Workplace

Question 9.
It involves complete alteration of the easier life style and thinking.
Answer:
Re-socialization

Correct the underlined words and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
Instincts study the inheritance patterns in traits that are handed down from parents to off-spring.
Answer:
Genetics study the inheritance patterns in traits that are handed down from parents to off¬spring.

Question 2.
Cases like Genies suggest that animal contact is necessary for the basic social and physical development.
Answer:
Cases like Genies suggest that human contact is necessary for the basic social and physical development.

Question 3.
Institution transforms the individual self into a social self.
Answer:
Socialization transforms the individual self into a social self.

Question 4.
George Mead has elaborated on the process of building political self.
Answer:
George Mead has elaborated on the process of building social self.

Question 5.
In the game stage, responses are not organised.
Answer:
In the play stage, responses are not organised.

Question 6.
A child at play stage is likely to be aware of the different responsibilities of people.
Answer:
A child at game stage is likely to be aware of the different responsibilities of people.

Question 7.
A child gets acquainted with values, customs, behavioural norms and manners through secondary socialization.
Answer:
A child gets acquainted with values, customs, behavioural norms and manners through primary socialization.

Question 8.
Planned curriculum refers to things we learn from attending the school such as obedience to authority.
Answer:
Hidden curriculum refers to things we learn from attending the school such as obedience to authority.

Question 9.
Radio has an influence on children from a very young age and affects their cognitive and social development.
Answer:
Television has an influence on children from a very young age and affects their cognitive and social development.

Question 10.
Neighbourhood also sometimes helps in changing the notions of‘right and wrong’.
Answer:
Workplace also sometimes helps in changing the notions of ‘right and wrong’.

Question 11.
Adult socialization is the process of unlearning old norms.
Answer:
Re-socialization is the process of unlearning old norms.

Question 12.
Socialization leads to rehabilitation of one’s behaviour.
Answer:
Re-socialization leads to rehabilitation of one’s behaviour.

Question 13.
Prisons, military camps, private boarding schools, are examples of social institution.
Answer:
Prisons, military camps, private boarding schools, are examples of total institution.

Write suitable examples of the given concepts and justify your answer.

Question 1.
Socialization in family.
Answer:
Example : Children learn basic responsibilities and duties from parents and other family members. The learning involves using sanctions which are mainly informal. The family teaches the child basic discipline and inculcates good habits in his or her mind by using positive or negative sanctions. Positive sanctions involving physical expressions, verbal approval, physical rewards. Negative sanctions ranging from negative remark to physical punishment may be used.

Socialization as a learning process is lifelong. The learning which happens in the early years is termed as primary socialization. A child gets acquainted with values, customs, behavioural norms and manners. Primary socialization takes place in infancy and childhood and involves intense cultural learning. During this phase, family is the main agent of socialization.

Question 2.
Resocialization.
Answer:
Example : The person may be in a jail, hospital, in religious organization, police, army etc. In such institutions there is total break up from the normal social life outside. A prison sentence is a good example. The individual not only has to change and rehabilitate one’s behaviour in order to return to society but must also accommodate the new norms required for living, while in prison. The process of unlearning old norms, roles, values and behavioural patterns and learning new patterns is called re-socialization.

Sometimes an individual is caught in a situation where one has to break away from past experience and internalise different norms and values. Re-socialization can also be defined as a process which subjects an individual to new values, attitudes and skills according to the norms of a particular institution and the person has to completely re-engineer one’s sense of social values and norms.

Question 3.
Total Institution as a form of resocialization.
Answer:
Example : Total institutions are prisons, military camps, mental health facilities and private boarding schools.
The term ‘Total Institution’ was popularised by Erving Goffman. A total institution is usually set apart from the society and are organise by strict rules and norms determined and enforced by a single authority. The fundamental purpose of these institutions is to re-socialise people into changed identities and roles.

Question 4.
Adult socialization at workplace.
Answer:
Example : At the workplace, a person meets people of different age groups, belonging to different social and cultural backgrounds. Through various mechanisms like-on job training, orientation and formal meetings, individuals get familiarized with each other and learns new roles.
Socialization is a life long process. Adult socialization indicates this continuous process of learning. One of the significant agents of adult socialization is the workplace.

Adult individuals spend significant amount of time at the workplace. Socialization through workplace involves acquiring new skills, knowledge and behaviour patterns suitable to the requirements of the job. Social interactions at the workplace, help individuals to broaden their horizons in terms of social acceptance and tolerance towards the others. It also sometimes helps in changing the notions of right and wrong. Workplace thus servers as an important agent of Adult socialization.

Question 5.
Socialization.
Answer:
Example : Cases of Feral, Mogli, Genies, unsocialized children are evident enough to show how human behaviour is largely learnt. The real account of the ‘Wolf-Children of Midnapore’ two small girls reportedly found in a wolf den in 1920. They howled like wolves, preferred raw meat, could not walk upright and lacked many basic human skills due to lack of socialization. Such stories and cases like Genies suggest the human contact is necessary for the basic social and physical development.

Socialization transforms the biological organism into a social being. It is a life long social experience by which human beings are transformed into social beings.
Socialization can be understood as-

1. A process of learning various forms of behaviour acceptable in a particular culture: Through socialization children learn the ways of their elders and perpetuate the cultural values and social practice.
2. An ongoing process of continuous learning: The birth of a child gives a new experience of parenting for a couple.
3. A process through which an individual gradually becomes a member of the society. Socialization facilitates learning the collective way of life.

Write short notes.

Question 1.
Nature versus Nature in Human Development.
Answer:
Genetics suggests that people are born with certain abilities derived from biological imperatives. Instincts or the fixed human traits play a significant role in shaping human behaviour. From this viewpoint, we are born with certain abilities that are integral to our ‘human nature’. The process of socialization on the other hand signifies the role of ‘nurture’ in human development. Sociologists use the term socialization to refer to the lifelong social experience by which human beings are transformed into social beings.

Differentiate between.

Question 1.
Primary Socialization and Secondary Socialization.
Answer:

Primary Socialization	Secondary Socialization
(i) The learning which happens in the early years is termed as primary socialization.	(i) The learning which extends over the entire life of a person is termed as secondary socialization.
(ii) It occurs when a child learns the attitudes, values, customs, behavioural norms and manners as a member of primary group.	(ii) It occurs when an individual learns appropriate behaviour, attitudes, norms as a member of a group.
(iii) Family, peer groups, neighbourhood are the main agents of primary socialization.	(iii) Schooling and education are considered as secondary agencies.
(iv) It is an informal process of socialization.	(iv) It is a formal process of socialization.

Question 2.
Re-socialization and Adult Socialization
Answer:

Re-socialization	Adult Socialization
(i) The process of unlearning old norms, roles and values, behavioural patterns and learning new patterns is called as re-socialization.	(i) Adult socialization is a life long process and indicates continuous process of learning.
(ii) A prison sentence or a total institution is a good example of re-socialization.	(ii) One of the significant agents of adult socialization is the workplace.
(iii) Re-socialization involves a process of tearing down and re-building an individual’s role and socially constructed sense of self.	(iii) Socialization through workplace involves acquiring new skills knowledge and behaviour patterns suitable to the requirements of the job.
(iv) It re-socializes people into changed identities and role.	(iv) It helps in changing the notions of right and wrong.

Explain the following concept with an example.

Question 1.
Significant Others
Answer:
It is a term used by George Herbert Mead to refer to those individuals who are most important in the development of the ‘self.

A significant other is someone whose opinions matter to us and who is in a position to influence our thinking, especially about ourselves.
Example : A significant others can be anyone such as parents, siblings, friends and teachers.

Question 2.
Hidden Curriculum
Answer:
1. Sociologists also discuss about hidden curriculum for conditioning children’s learning.

2. Hidden curriculum refers to things we learn from attending the school such as respect for the system and obedience to authority. It also indicates unquestioned acceptance of the system. Example : While distributing co-curricular tasks, girls and boys are expected to do campus cleaning. Through this, children learn the sexual division of labour. Many schools are making efforts to counter this by allotting similar tasks to boys and girls.

Question 3.
Game Stage
Answer:

1. According to G. H. Mead, formation of self occurs in three distinct stages.
2. Game stage is the third stage of the process of socialization.
3. As a child matures, and as the self gradually develops, the child learns to behave according to the impressions of others.
4. They learn to understand interactions involving different people with a variety of purposes.
5. They understand that ‘role play’ in each situation involves following a consistent set of rules and expectations.

Example : A child at this stage is likely to be aware of the different responsibilities of people in a restaurant who together, make for a smooth dining experience.

Complete the concept maps.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.

Answer:

State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.

Question 1.
Neighbourhood have negligible influence on shaping social behaviour of the growing child.
Answer:
This statement is False.

1. Adults in the neighbourhood exert an influence on shaping social behaviour of the growing child. Children often take inputs from people living very closely around.
2. Neighbourhood community provides the base for an individual to extend social relations and interactions beyond the narrow limits of the home.
3. Neighbourhood, social networks provide great source of learning for children through the celebration of cultural festivals, organisation of sports activities, taking up of social issues such as environment or traffic.

Question 2.
A total institution is set apart from the society and organized by strict rules and norms.
Answer:
This statement is True.

1. A total institution is usually set apart from the society by distance, laws, and physical attributes like high walls, barbed wire fences, and locked gates.
2. They are organised by strict rules and norms determined and enforced by a single authority.
3. The fundamental purpose of these institutions is to re-socialize people into changed identities and roles, hence it is set apart and organized by strict rules and norms.

Question 3.
The function of all children’s stories is to create a sense in the children of the right and wrong.
Answer:
This statement is True.

1. The moral of honesty, courage, non-violence, etc., is narrated to children in an effective manner.
2. For centuries together moral stories are transmitted from one generation to another. It gives them a sense of growing up in their own world and a notion of right or wrong.
3. Thus, the function of all children’s stories is to create a sense in the children of the right/ wrong, acceptable/non-acceptable, is prevalent in a particular society. Through this process vulnerable infants become self-aware, skilled individuals.

Question 4.
Cases of Feral/unsocialised children denote the significance of socialization.
Answer:
This statement is True.

1. Cases of Feral like Genie’s suggest that human contact is necessary for the basic social and physical development.
2. For example, simple skills such as walking upright or using language were missing in Genie. Such examples denote the significance of socialization.
3. What we think and how we act is taught to us by the larger culture.

Question 5.
Human behaviours are governed only by instinct.
Answer:
This statement is False.

1. If human behaviours were governed only by instinct, there would be very few differences between societies. Human behaviour would be much the same regardless of place and time.
2. Different cultures develop different ways of doing things.
3. What we think and how we act is taught to us by the larger culture that we inherit and share. Thus, human behaviours acquired, of the many diverse ways of living and not governed only by instinct.

Question 6.
Peer groups are considered as important primary agencies of socialization.
Answer:
This statement is True.

1. They are considered as important primary agencies of socialization because personal interactions with our peers influences our behaviour from how we dress to what we like and what we hate.
2. In peer groups, the interactions are reasonably egalitarian as there is a greater amount of give and take, when compared to family or school.
3. We carry the value of friendship with us throughout our lives.

Question 7.
Socialization through family is varied.
Answer:
This statement is True.

1. Socialization through family is varied because there is no single uniform pattern to do so. A child brought up in a nuclear family will undergo different patterns of socialization than one in an extended family. In nuclear family, parents may be key socializing agents but in the other in the extended family grandparents, an aunt, a cousin may play a significant role.
2. Patterns of child-rearing vary across families with different caste, class, and ethnic backgrounds
3. The influence of different family backgrounds can be seen on a child growing up in a poor, marginalized household and a child growing up in an upper caste/upper class family background.

Question 8.
Socialization in family always means unquestioned acceptance of everything that elders say.
Answer:
This statement is False.

1. Socialization in family does not always means unquestioned acceptance of everything that elders say.
2. Children can also negotiate, question and develop outlooks contradictory to their elders.
3. This is more so in the contemporary world in which diverse socializing agencies influence social learning.

Question 9.
Schools project a wider range of values and roles.
Answer:
This statement is True.

1. Schooling involves learning values and norms at a step higher than those learnt in family.
2. Skills and values like teamwork, competitive spirit, discipline, conformity to authority are learnt in schools and this helps prepare students for the adult world.
3. School indicates unquestioned acceptance of the system thus, projecting a wider range of values and roles.

Question 10.
Resocialization involves complete alteration of the easier lifestyles.
Answer:
This statement is True.

1. Sometimes an individual is caught in a situation where one has to break away from past experience and earlier way of life and internalise radically different norms and values.
2. Hence, it involves complete alteration of the earlier lifestyle and thinking. The new way of life is not only different but also incompatible with the earlier one.
3. The basic of re-socialization is to unlearn and then relearn. The individual has to completely re-engineer one’s sense of social values, beliefs and norms.

Give your personal response.

Question 1.
We can come to think of ourselves funny because people laugh at the things we say.
Answer:
‘Significant others’ is a term used by G. H. Mead to refer to those individuals who are most important in the development of the self. A significant other can be anyone such as parents, friends, teachers etc. Their opinions matter to us and influence our thinking especially about ourselves. So, when people laugh at the things we say makes us think of ourselves as funny.

Answer the following question in detail (About 150 words).

Question 1.
Explain the process of socialization with suitable examples and discuss any one agency of socialization you are member of.
Answer:
Process of socialization – Human behaviour and skills have to be taught and learnt. This learning process is called as socialization. According to Mead, formation of self occurs in three distinct stages.
Stage 1 – Imitation : In this stage, children imitate behaviour of adults without understanding it. For example, A little boy might drive his mother to her office by driving his toy car.

Stage 2 – Play stage : A child plays, sometimes as being a mother or a teacher etc. In this stage, responses are not organised. A child internalises the attitudes of others who are significant to her/ his through enacting the roles of others.

Stage 3 – Game stage : As a child matures, and as the self gradually develops, one internalises the expectations of a large number of people . For example, a child at this stage is likely to be aware of the different responsibilities of people in a restaurant .Socialization, in this sense is a process of self-awareness.

I am member of various social groups which are agencies of my socialization like family, peer- group, school, neighbourhood etc.

Family as an agency of socialization I have learnt a range of roles in family-like learning responsibilities and duties from my parents and other family members. Family has played a significant role in developing acceptable behaviour patterns in me thus the process of learning attitudes, norms and behaviour patterns takes place in family.