Maharashtra Board Class 11 Psychology Important Questions Chapter 7 Nervous System

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Psychology Important Questions Chapter 7 Nervous System Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Psychology Important Questions Chapter 7 Nervous System

1A. Complete the following statements with appropriate options.

Question 1.
__________ of the neuron absorbs the food and keeps the cell alive.
(A) Nucleus
(B) Axon
(C) Cell body
Answer:
(A) Nucleus

Question 2.
__________ plays a role mainly in cognition, reward, learning and memory.
(A) Acetylcholine
(B) Dopamine
(C) Serotonin
Answer:
(C) Serotonin

Question 3.
The brain plays an important role in __________ mental processes like thinking, reasoning, and emotions.
(A) higher-order
(B) lower order
(C) neutral
Answer:
(A) higher-order

Question 4.
Cerebellum consists of __________ parts.
(A) two
(B) three
(C) four
Answer:
(A) two

Question 5.
__________ is a vital centre of the brain.
(A) Medulla oblongata
(B) Pons
(C) Forebrain
Answer:
(A) Medulla oblongata

Question 6.
__________ is a bridge between forebrain and hindbrain.
(A) Pons
(B) Midbrain
(C) Cerebrum
Answer:
(B) Midbrain

Question 7.
Cerebrum is the __________ part of the brain.
(A) largest
(B) smallest
(C) insignificant
Answer:
(A) largest

Question 8.
Each hemisphere of the brain is divided into __________ lobes.
(A) four
(B) six
(C) two
Answer:
(A) four

Question 9.
__________ is called as relay station of the brain.
(A) Hippocampus
(B) Thalamus
(C) Amygdala
Answer:
(B) Thalamus

Question 10.
__________ is called as the pleasure centre of our body.
(A) Hypothalamus
(B) Occipital lobe
(C) Spinal cord
Answer:
(A) Hypothalamus

Question 11.
A protein in the brain called __________ is related to Alzheimer’s disease.
(A) beta-amyloid plaque
(B) thyroxin
(C) gonad
Answer:
(A) beta-amyloid plaque

Question 12.
The spinal cord is connected to the periphery through __________ pairs of spinal nerves.
(A) 25
(B) 13
(C) 31
Answer:
(C) 31

Question 13.
The chemical substances secreted by endocrine glands are called __________
(A) hormones
(B) neurons
(C) axons
Answer:
(A) hormones

Question 14.
Hyposecretion of thyroxin leads to cretinism among __________
(A) old people
(B) children
(C) adults
Answer:
(B) children

Question 15.
In the case of __________, a person loses his weight and experiences irritated mood, sleeplessness as well as sweaty palms.
(A) Myxedema
(B) Acromegaly
(C) Grave’s disease
Answer:
(C) Grave’s disease

Question 16.
__________ is secreted by the pancreas.
(A) Glycogen
(B) Cortisone
(C) Progesterone
Answers:
(A) Glycogen

1B. Match the following pairs.

Question 1.

A	B
i. Spinal cord	a. PNS
ii. Autonomic Nervous system	b. Telodendria
iii. Terminal Button	c. Cerebrum
iv. Reticular Formation	d. CNS
	e. The Alarm clock of the body

Answer:

A	B
i. Spinal cord	d. CNS
ii. Autonomic Nervous system	a. PNS
iii. Terminal Button	b. Telodendria
iv. Reticular Formation	e. The alarm clock of the body

1C. State whether the following statements are true or false.

Question 1.
The human nervous system is amongst all living creatures.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
The autonomic nervous system internal activity of the human body.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Dendrite is a gap between two neurons.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Glutamate is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
The brain consists of five major parts.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
The brain stem is divided into medulla oblongata and pons.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Medulla oblongata receives messages from higher centers of the brain.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
The reticular activation system is a bridge between two hemispheres.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
Midbrain consists of the superior and inferior colliculus.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
Two hemispheres of the brain are connected by a bundle of fibers called the corpus callosum.
Answer:
True

Question 11.
If a person’s left side of the body is paralyzed, neurons from the left side of his body stop functioning.
Answer:
False

Question 12.
The temporal lobe is in the cortex, just above the ears.
Answer:
True

Question 13.
People who exercise regularly have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.
Answer:
False

Question 14.
The human brain consumes 40% of the body’s total energy.
Answer:
False

Question 15.
The spinal cord extends from neck to waist.
Answer:
True

Question 16.
Exocrine glands are also called ductless glands.
Answer:
False

Question 17.
In myxedema, a person becomes very huge, lacks motivation, and complains about weakness.
Answer:
True

Question 18.
The adrenal gland is also known as the sex gland.
Answer:
False

1D. Identify which hormones with hyposecretion or hypersecretion would lead to the following conditions.

Question 1.
Grave’s disease
Answer:
Hypersecretion – Thyroxin

2A. Explain the following concepts.

Question 1.
Nervous system
Answer:
The nervous system is the complex network of neurons that carry signals from brain to body and body to brain. Our nervous system consists of two major parts, viz, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Question 2.
Cerebral cortex
Answer:
The cerebral cortex is the grey coloured outside cover of the cerebrum. It controls higher-order mental processes such as attention, perception, learning, and memory.

Question 3.
Reflex action
Answer:
Reflex action is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to stimulus, e.g. salivation, sneezing, knee jerk, blinking of eyes. These are quick and simple patterns of behaviour without the involvement of the brain.

Question 4.
Glands
Answer:
Glands are specialized groups of cells or organs that secrete chemical substances. There are many glands. All glands fall into two categories, viz. endocrine and exocrine.

3. Answer the following questions in 35-40 words.

Question 1.
Explain the classification of the somatic nervous system.
Answer:

• The somatic nervous system is divided into sensory and motor systems of the body.
• It consists of sensory nerves (afferent nerves) and motor nerves (efferent nerves). Sensory nerves send messages from the body to the brain and motor nerves send messages from the brain to the body.

Question 2.
Why do we get different reactions to every situation?
Answer:

• When a neural message passes from end buttons to the dendrite of another neuron, it has to cross the chemical gap between two neurons (synapse).
• As neurons are not directly connected to each other, we don’t have fixed reactions to every situation.

Question 3.
State any two functions of the brain.
Answer:

• The brain helps to adapt to the environment and tries to analyze, store and synthesize the information it receives.
• The brain plays a crucial role in every aspect of our lives like decision making, emotional experience, and social interactions.

Question 4.
Why are we supposed to wear helmets while riding a bike?
Answer:

• If someone meets with an accident while riding a bike, the person falls back on his head.
• Most of the time, his Medulla oblongata is damaged which will lead to instant death.
• Hence, we are supposed to wear helmets while riding a bike.

Question 5.
Explain the impact of hypersecretion of any four hormones.
Answer:

• Parathyroxin: An individual experiences a feeling of nausea, vomiting sensation. He also feels sleepy and relaxed.
• Cortin or cortisone: An individual experiences increased sexual drive. Females start looking like males.
• Adrenalin and noradrenaline: An individual experiences increased heartbeat, blood pressure, and breathing rate.
• Androgen and testosterone: An individual shows a tendency towards sexual behaviour. He feels very energetic and engages in aggressive behaviour.

Question 6.
Explain the impact of the hyposecretion of any three hormones.
Answer:

• Parathyroxin: An individual lacks motivation and energy. He experiences weakness, muscle cramps, and spasms.
• Cortin or cortisone: An individual feels very lazy, lacks sexual drive, and experiences loss of hunger and weight.
• Androgen and testosterone: Males do not have a desire for sex and their voice remains childlike.

4. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Nervous system
Answer:

• The nervous system is the complex network of neurons that carry signals from brain to body and body to brain.
• The human nervous system is the most complicated yet highly developed among all living creatures.
• Our nervous system consists of two major parts, viz, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
• The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord while the peripheral nervous system consists of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Question 2.
Brain and nutrition
Answer:

• Nutrition plays an important role in brain functioning. Nutritional deficiency may lead to neurological problems.
• Despite representing only 2% of the body’s total mass, the human brain consumes 20% of the body’s total energy due. to the increased metabolic needs of human beings.
• Nutrition plays a crucial role during developing years so to optimize the functions of the brain. It is also essential during old age to avoid the degeneration of cells.
• Nutrition enhances brain functioning. It prevents as well as helps in treating neurological disorders.
• As evolution took place, human life became more complicated and demanding. As a result, the need for nutrition by the brain kept on increasing.
• Today human brain is exposed to a high level of stress which results in oxidation, Any food which is high in antioxidants (almonds, dark chocolate, onions, berries, mangoes, seafood) helps to control the ill effects of oxidation.

Question 3.
Spinal Cord
Answer:

• The spinal cord is an important part of the central nervous system. It extends from neck to waist.
• Its main function is to send information from the brain to the body and from to the body to the brain.
• It controls reflex actions like salivation, knee jerk, blinking of eyes.
• The spinal cord is connected to the periphery through 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
• Each spinal nerve is joined to the spinal cord through two routes: the dorsal and ventral routes.
• If dorsal routes are injured, we will not have sensations while if ventral routes are injured, we will not be able to move our body and control reflex actions.

5. Answer in 150-200 words.

Question 1.
Write a note on neurons.
Answer:

• Neurons are specialized networks of cells that transmit messages from the brain to the body and from the body to the brain. They are the basic units of the nervous system.
• A neuron consists of dendrites, axon, cell body, and terminal button or telocentric.
• The cell body is the body of neurons. The nucleus of the neuron absorbs the food and keeps the cell alive.
• The neural message comes in through the dendrites. These are branch-like structures.
• The neural message goes out from the axon of the neuron.
• At the end of the axon, there are end buttons. It is a bulb-like structure containing chemicals known as neurotransmitters.
• Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers. The neural message jumps across the synapse in order to reach the dendrite of another neuron.
• When the neural message is passing through, it excites or inhibits the neurotransmitter in it. This chemical reaction decides our reaction to various situations in life.

Question 2.
Explain any five pillars of better brain functioning.
Answer:

• Physical and mental exercise: Exercise improves blood flow and memory. It also stimulates chemical changes in the brain that improve learning, mood, and thinking.
• Tackling medical problems: Hypertension, diabetes, obesity, depression, head trauma, higher cholesterol, and smoking increase the risk of dementia. One can control and reduce this risk by going for regular health check-ups and taking medication if required.
• Sleep and relaxation: Sleep energizes the brain, improves mood and immune system by clearing wastage and toxins from the body. Practicing meditation and managing stress will help to control the age-related decline in brain health.
• Mental fitness: It improves the brain’s functioning and promotes new brain cell growth. This helps to decrease the chances of developing dementia. A person can keep his brain stimulated by solving puzzles, watching stimulating movies, or learning something new.
• Social interaction: It is good for brain health to spend time with others, participate in stimulating conversation, and stay connected with family and friends. Studies have shown that those who interact more show less decline in their memory.