Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Important Questions Chapter 7 India and Iran (Persia) Important Questions and Answers.
Maharashtra State Board 11th History Important Questions Chapter 7 India and Iran (Persia)
1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.
Question 1.
The Ashoka edicts are written in ____________ script.
(a) Sinhala
(b) Aramaic
(c) Kharoshthi
(d) Modi
Answer:
(b) Aramaic
Question 2.
The capital of the empire of Elam was ____________
(a) Athens
(b) Pars
(c) Eretria
(d) Susa
Answer:
(d) Susa
Question 3.
The Iranian empire was established by ____________ of the Achaemenid dynasty.
(a) Cyrus the Great
(b) Alexander the Great
(c) Daryush I
(d) Xerxes
Answer:
(a) Cyrus the Great of Scylax
Question 4.
____________ is the Latin name of Iran.
(a) Pars
(b) Ariana
(c) Susa
(d) Persepolis
Answer:
(b) Ariana
Question 5.
The logbook of the journey of Scylax is known as ____________
(a) Periplus of the Erythrean sea
(b) Periplus of the Mediterranean Sea
(c) Periplus of Scylax
(d) Periplus of the Dead sea
Answer:
(c) Periplus of Scylax
Question 6.
The Mahabharata mentions King ____________ as the king of ‘Naga people’.
(a) Porus
(b) Ambhi
(c) Chandragupta Maurya
(d) Takshaka
Answer:
(d) Takshaka
Question 7.
The gold coins issued by Daryush-I were known as ____________
(a) Darik
(b) Siglos
(c) Tarik
(d) Stater
Answer:
(a) Darik
Question 8.
____________ became the king of Macedonia.
(a) Daryush-I
(b) Xerxes
(c) Cyrus the Great
(d) Alexander
Answer:
(d) Alexander
1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.
Question 1.
| Set ‘A’ | Set ‘B’ |
| (a) Anabasis | To spur into action |
| (b) Talent | A natural skill or ability |
| (c) Darik | Gold coins |
| (d) Sigloi | Silver coins |
Answer:
(b) Talent – Unit of weight
Question 2.
| Set ‘A’ | Set ‘B’ |
| (a) Sisikottas | Shashi Gupta |
| (b) River Vitasta | Jhelum |
| (c) Behistun | World Cultural Heritage |
| (d) Daryush-I | Pasargadae |
Answer:
(d) Emperor Cyrus II – Pasargade
Question 3.
| Set ‘A’ | Set ‘B’ |
| (a) Anatolia | Asia Minor |
| (b) Eretria | Egypt |
| (c) Kabul basin | Gandhara |
| (d) Scythian | Saka |
Answer:
(b) Eretria – Greece
1C. Find the odd one out.
Question 1.
Daryush-I, Xerxes, Cyrus-II, Alexander.
Answer:
Alexander
Question 2.
Herodotus, Arrian, Scylax, Pliny
Answer:
Pliny
Question 3.
Susa, Pasargade, Persepolis, Alexandros
Answer:
Alexandros
Question 4.
Alexandras, Ariane, Alexin, Alexander
Answer:
Ariane
Question 5.
Herodotus, Arrian, Curtis, Justin
Answer:
Herodotus
Question 6.
Mathematics, Machinery, Music, Medicine
Answer:
Machinery
2A. Write the names of historical places, persons, and events.
Question 1.
The Greek name of Iran
Answer:
Ariane
Question 2.
Successor of Daryush-I
Answer:
Xerxes
Question 3.
Author of Anabasis of Alexander
Answer:
Arrian
Question 4.
The first historian to collect information and put it in a chronological order
Answer:
Herodotus
Question 5.
Greek sailor from Ionia
Answer:
Scylax of Karyanda
Question 6.
Sanskrit term for the Greeks
Answer:
Yavana
Question 7.
Highway linking the regions from Bihar to Afghanistan
Answer:
Grand Trunk Road
Question 8.
Greek settlement
Answer:
Nysa
Question 9.
The route beginning from Susa and reaching the Mediterranean Sea.
Answer:
Royal Road
Question 10.
The battle between Daryush I and Athens was fought on the grounds of Marathon near Athens
Answer:
Battle of Marathon
2B. Choose the correct reason and complete the sentence.
Question 1.
Alexander was influenced by Porus because ____________
(a) Porus was handsome
(b) Porus was stronger than Alexander
(c) of Porus great valour
(d) Porus surrendered easily
Answer:
(c) of Porus great valour
Question 2.
Taxila was the capital of ____________
(a) Greece
(b) Gandhara mahajanapada
(c) Egyptus
(d) Jhelum
Answer:
(b) Gandhara Mahajanapada
Question 3.
Emperor Cyrus II had begun to build a new capital at ____________
(a) Islamabad
(b) Dhaka
(c) Pasargade
(d) Mahajanapada
Answer:
(c) Pasargadae
Question 4.
Taxila is situated on the Grand Trunk Road, ____________ away from Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan.
(a) 20 kilometres
(b) 35 kilometres
(c) 40 kilometres
(d) 30 kilometres
Answer:
(d) 30 kilometers
2C. Write the correct chronological order.
Question 1.
(a) There was a fierce battle between Alexander and Porus.
(b) Alexander appointed satrapies before starting on the return journey.
(c) Alexander died at Babylon in 325 B.C.E.
(d) Alexander conquered Kabul and Sindh.
Answer:
(a) Alexander conquered Kabul and Sindh.
(b) There was a fierce battle between Alexander and Porus
(c) Alexander appointed satrapies before starting on the return journey.
(d) Alexander died at Babylon in 325 B.C.E.
Question 2.
(a) Cambyses II
(b) Daryush I
(c) Cyrus II
(d) Xerxes
Answer:
(a) Daryush I
(b) Cambyses II
(c) Cyrus II
(d) Xerxes
3. Complete the concept maps.
Question 1.
Answer:
Question 2.
Answer:
Question 3.
Answer:
Question 4.
Answer:
4. Write short notes.
Question 1.
Coins of Daryush – I
Answer:
- Daryush-I issued coins with his own portrait on it. The gold coins issued by him were known as ‘Darik’ and silver coins were known as ‘siglos’.
- A portrait of Daryush-I holding a bow and arrow can be seen on these coins.
- One ‘Darik’ was equivalent to 12 ‘sigloi’ in value.
Question 2.
Cyrus-II
Answer:
- The Iranian empire was established by Cyrus – II (also known as Cyrus the Great) of the Achaemenid dynasty.
- He was from the tribe of Tars’. The region where the tribe dwelt was known by the tribe’s name ‘Pars’.
- The main city of the region was also known by the same name.
- Emperor Cyrus – II had begun to build a new capital at ‘Pasargade’. However, it did not get completed in his lifetime.
Question 3.
Daryush-I
Answer:
- Daryush – I succeeded Cambyses – II. He reinforced the fortification walls of Susa.
- He also built a massive palace and hypostyle (many columned) halls known as ‘Apadana’.
- Daryush also built the city of Persepolis in a style similar to Susa.
- He also built a palace and apadana in Persepolis also.
5. Explain the following statements with reasons.
Question 1.
Herodotus has described the Indian soldiers in the Achaemenid army.
Answer:
- According to Herodotus, Xerxes’ army had soldiers from Gandhara, Sindh, and Punjab when he invaded Greece in 480 B.C.E.
- The soldiers from Gandhara were equipped with bows made of cane and spears with short shafts.
- They also had horses and chariots drawn by horses. The Indian soldiers from Sindh and Punjab used cotton clothes and used bows and arrows made of cane. They were expert archers.
6. State your opinion.
Question 1.
Alexander was impressed by the valour of Porus.
Answer:
- Alexander conquered almost all kingdoms in Kabul, Sindh, and Punjab. However, not all Indian Kings surrendered to Alexander easily.
- Many fought with great valour. One of them was King Porus. On the bank of Jhelum, Alexander and King Porus confronted each other and there was a fierce battle between them.
- Porus was defeated but Alexander and his army were greatly influenced by his valour. The Greeks were influenced by the use of elephants in warfare.
- To penetrate the file of elephants was a great challenge for them.
- The Greek historians have unanimously praised the skill of Porus in warfare and also his courage.
7. Answers the following questions in detail.
Question 1.
Write in detail about Herodotus, the first historian.
Answer:
- Herodotus was born in 484 B.C.E. in Halicarnassus, a Greek city-state.
- He began to write with the intention of tracing the history and causes of the battles between Greek city-states and the
- Achaemenid Empire during 500-449 B.C.E.
- The book he wrote was named ‘Historia’ (The Histories).
- Herodotus was the first historian who collected information-seeking answers to a particular question and then put it in chronological order.
- He did not bring in notions like God, human destiny, etc.
- Putting historical events in a chronological sequence became an essential theme of history writing.
- This theme proved to be fundamental in the development. Therefore, Herodotus is said to be the father of historiography.
Question 2.
Importance of Taxila as a center for learning.
Answer:
- Taxila was the capital of Gandhara Mahajanapadas.
- Some information about Taxila can be gathered from the writings of Greek historians.
- There were several learned individuals (Acharyas) staying in Taxila.
- Many students from various regions of the Indian subcontinent were attracted to Taxila because of the fame of the acharyas.
- It had assumed the magnitude of a natural university.
- An individual acharya had to decide the nature of his method of teaching, the subjects to be taught by him, or the nature of the syllabi.
- There was no formal system of examinations.
- Among the subjects taught at Taxila included Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, ancillary branches of the Vedas. Ancient Traditions and Ethics, Philosophy, Mathematics, Music, Medicine, Puran Texts, History, Weaponry, Poetry, etc.
- Acharya Chanakya is believed to have taken Chandragupta Maurya to Taxila for education.
- Chandragupta established a regional capital at Taxila.
- Among the subjects taught at Taxila included Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, ancillary branches of the Vedas. Ancient Traditions and Ethics, Philosophy, Mathematics, Music, Medicine, Puran Texts, History, Weaponry, Poetry, etc.
- Acharya Chanakya is believed to have taken Chandragupta Maurya to Taxila for education.
- Chanakya himself hailed from Taxila.
- During the reign of Ashoka, Maurya Taxila became an important center for learning Buddhist tradition.
- Then Taxila had become a center for learning.
8. Answer the following with the help of the given points.
Question 1.
Write a note on the contribution of the following in establishing the Iranian empire.
(a) Cyrus – II
(b) Cambyses – II
(c) Daryush – I
(d) Xerxes.
Answer:
(a) Cyrus – II (Cyrus the Great): Cyrus – II belonged to the tribe of ‘Pars’. He had begun to build a new capital at ‘Pasargade’. However, it did not get completed in his lifetime. Cyrus – II conquered Lydia, a Greek state to the north of the Mediterranean Sea around the mid of the 6th C.B. C. E. As a result, the Ionian Greek city-states.
(b) Cambyses – II: Cambyses – II was the son of Cyrus – II. He moved back to Susa and re¬established his capital there. Cambyses -II had conquered Egypt.
(c) Daryush – I: He succeeded Cambyses – II reinforced the fortification walls of Susa. He also v built a massive palace and a hypostyle (many columned) halls known as ‘Apadana’. Daryush – I also built the city of ‘Persepolis’ in a style similar to Susa. He also built a palace and apadana in Persepolis also. During the rule of Daryush -I all Ionian city-states got together and rebelled against the Achaemenid rule.
(d) Xerxes: Xerxes, the successor of Daryush -1 tried once again to invade Greece. However, he was also defeated. Thereafter the conflict between the Achaemenids and the Greeks continued over a prolonged time.
Question 2.
The conflict between the Iranian Empire and Greece.
(a) Cyrus – II
(b) Arrian
Answer:
(a) Cyrus – II:
- Cyrus II conquered Lydia, a Greek state to the north of the Mediterranean Sea, around the mid of 6th-century B.C.E.
- As a result, the Ionian Greek city-states under the Lydian rule inevitably became part of the Achaemenid empire.
- The Greeks in Ionia had migrated to Anatolia, that is, the Asian part of Turkey. It is also known as ‘Asia Minor’.
- During the reign of Daryush I all Ionian city-states got together and rebelled against the Achaemenid rule.
- The rebellion was subdued completely after a struggle of five years by the Achaemenid army.
- The effects of this unsuccessful rebellion are important for understanding the interrelationship between Greece and Persia in the ensuing period.
(b) Arrian:
- Arrian was a Greek historian of the 1st-century C.E.
- He wrote a book called ‘Anabasis of Alexander. He has referred to the correspondence between Daryush III, the last Achaemenid emperor, and Alexander.
- Daryush had written to Alexander about the release of his mother, wife, and children.
- Alexander responded by reminding Daryush of the sorrow inflicted on the Greeks by the earlier invasions of the Achaemenid emperors.
- Alexander wrote that he had arrived in Russia by crossing the ocean, with the intention of punishing the aggressive Persians.