Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Important Questions Chapter 8 Poverty in India

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Economics Important Questions Chapter 8 Poverty in India Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Economics Important Questions Chapter 8 Poverty in India

1A. Choose the correct option:

Question 1.
____________ poverty refers to lack of minimum subsistence. [Absolute/Relative/General]
Answer:
Absolute

Question 2.
____________ poverty is a universal phenomenon. [Relative/Absolute/Rural]
Answer:
Relative

Question 3.
Poverty is ____________ phenomenon. [a social/an economical/a political]
Answer:
a social

Question 4.
According to planning commission, an individual in urban area requires ____________ calories per day. [2000/2100/2400]
Answer:
2100

Question 5.
____________ poverty refers to Absence of minimum subsistence. [Relative/Absolute/General]
Answer:
Absolute

Question 6.
____________ poverty cannot be removed completely. [Absolute/Relative/Urban]
Answer:
Relative

Question 7.
An average Indian requires ____________ calories from his/her daily consumption of food. [2250/2550/2200]
Answer:
2250

Question 8.
When a person is unable to consume 2100 calories per day, he/she is considered to be ____________ poor. [urban/ ural/relative]
Answer:
urban

Question 9.
____________ poverty is mostly found among agricultural and landless labourers or marginal farmers. [Urban/Rural/Relative]
Answer:
Rural

Question 10.
Poverty line is an ____________ line. [imaginary/straight/visible]
Answer:
imaginary

Question 11.
According to World Bank, India’s ____________ population lived below poverty line. [21.2%/5%/20%]
Answer:
21.2%

1B. Complete the correlation:

Question 1.
National Health Mission : Health : : Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan : ____________
Answer:
Education

Question 2.
Antyodaya Anna Yojana : Food Security : : Jan Dhan Yojana : ____________
Answer:
Financial inclusion

Question 3.
NUT Aayog : Poverty Line : : Anti Poverty Programme : ____________
Answer:
Garibi Hatao

Question 4.
Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana : Housing : : Swachch Bharat Mission : ____________
Answer:
Sanitation

Question 5.
Material dimension : No access to safe drinking water : : ____________ : social discrimination
Answer:
Non-material dimensions

Question 6.
Rural Area : ____________ : : Urban Area : 2100 calories
Answer:
2400 calories

Question 7.
Low agricultural productivity : ____________ : : Slow individual growth : Urban Poverty
Answer:
Rural Poverty

Question 8.
Effects of poverty : ____________ : : Causes of poverty : Inflation
Answer:
Anti social activities.

1C. Suggest the economic terms for the given statement:

Question 1.
An imaginary line that divides the poor and non-poor.
Answer:
Poverty Line

Question 2.
The cycle of low income, low saving, low investment, low production, less employment.
Answer:
The vicious circle of poverty

Question 3.
Poverty where we can find unemployed people, slums, unhygienic conditions, crime, thefts, etc.
Answer:
Urban poverty

Question 4.
Noted Indian economist and recipient of Bharat Ratna.
Answer:
Prof Amartya Sen

Question 5.
Anti-poverty programme during British Period.
Answer:
‘Garibi Hatao’

Question 6.
Deprivation of basic needs to people living in villages.
Answer:
Rural Poverty

Question 7.
The spillover effect of migration among rural poor.
Answer:
Urban Poverty

Question 8.
The situation in which there is a continuous rise in the price of essential commodities.
Answer:
Inflation

1D. Arrange in proper order:

Question 1.
Capital formation, Saving, Income, Investment, Production.
Answer:
Income, Saving, Investment, Capital formation, Production.

Question 2.
Middle income. Low income, Upper Middle income, High income.
Answer:
High income, Upper middle income, Middle income, Low Income.

Question 3.
Saffron Ration Cards, White Ration Cards, Yellow Ration Cards.
Answer:
White Ration Cards, Saffron Ration Cards, Yellow Ration Cards.

1E. Find the odd word out:

Question 1.
Food items – Fish, Salt, Beverages, Durable Goods.
Answer:
Durable Goods

Question 2.
Low poverty ratio – Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Himachal Pradesh

Question 3.
Cause of poverty – Inflation, Population explosion, Unemployment, Industrialization.
Answer:
Industrialization

Question 4.
Effects of poverty – Low national income, Anti social activities, Population explosion, Low standard of living.
Answer:
Population explosion

Question 5.
Non-food items – Durable goods, Footwear, Fuel and Light, Salt and Sugar.
Answer:
Salt and Sugar

Question 6.
Economic effects of poverty – Low national income, Anti socio activities, Law standard of living, Malnutrition and starvation.
Answer:
Anti socio activities

1F. Complete the following statements:

Question 1.
The Employment Guarantee Scheme was launched in the state of ____________
Answer:
Maharashtra in 1972

Question 2.
An individual in the Urban area requires ____________
Answer:
2100 calories per day

Question 3.
Antyodaya Anna Yojana was launched in ____________
Answer:
December 2000

Question 4.
Comparison between standard of living is known as ____________
Answer:
Relative Poverty

Question 5.
Poverty line is an ____________
Answer:
imaginary line

Question 6.
Poverty line is based on ____________
Answer:
household consumption expenditure

Question 7.
Wide inequalities have been observed in the ____________
Answer:
distribution of income

Question 8.
Inflation refers to a continuous rise ____________
Answer:
in the price

Question 9.
‘Vicious Circle of Poverty’ concept is given by ____________
Answer:
Prof. Ragnar Nurkse

Question 10.
Minimum Wages Act was passed in 1948, to ____________
Answer:
provide fair wages

1G. Choose the wrong pair:

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(i) SGSY	Self-employment
(ii) SBM	Sanitation
(iii) JDY	Literacy
(iv) PAY	Housing

Answer:
Wrong pair: JDY – Literacy

Question 2.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(i) Rural Poverty	2400 Calories
(ii) Urban Poverty	2100 Calories
(iii) Average Calories	4500 Calories
(iv) Absolute Poor	Minimum Subsistence

Answer:
Wrong pair: Average Calories – 4500 Calories

Question 3.

Group ‘A’	Group B’
(i) Absolute Poor	Lack of Nutrition
(ii) Relative Poor	Comparison
(iii) Rural Poor	Marginal Farmer
(iv) Urban Poor	Industrialization

Answer:
Wrong pair: Urban Poor – Industrialization

Question 4.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(i) Anti Poverty Programme	Garibi Hatao
(ii) Poverty Line	Imaginary Line
(iii) Vicious Circle	Poverty
(iv) Cause of Poverty	Equal Distribution of Income

Answer:
Wrong pair: Cause of Poverty – Equal Distribution of Income

Question 5.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(i) Absolute Poverty	India
(ii) Relative Poverty	The U.S.A.
(iii) Urban Poverty	More in India
(iv) Rural Poverty	More in the U.S.A.

Answer:
Wrong pair: Rural Poverty – More in the U.S.A

1H. Choose the correct pairs:

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
1. Absolute poverty	(a) Unorganised labour
2. Relative poverty	(b) Small farmer
3. Rural poor	(c) Health Insurance
4. Urban poor	(d) The U.S.A.
5. Slums	(e) India
	(f) Unhygienic conditions

Answer:
(1) – e, (2) – d, (3) – b, (4) – a, (5) – f

Question 2.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
1. Village artisans	(a) 2100 calories
2. Poverty line	(b) Universal
3. Urban poverty	(c) Urban poor
4. Rural poverty	(d) Rural poor
5. Relative poverty	(e) 2400 calories
	(f) Imaginary line

Answer:
(1) – d, (2) – f, (3) – a, (4) – e, (5) – b.

Question 3.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
1. Control of population	(a) Comparison between income group
2. Absolute poverty	(b) Garibi Hatao
3. Relative poverty	(c) Poverty line
4. Anti-poverty programme	(d) Population
5. NITI Aayog	(e) Family Planning programme
	(f) Absence of minimum subsistence

Answer:
(1) – e, (2) – f, (3) – a, (4) – b, (5) – c.

2. Assertion and Reasoning questions:

Question 1.
Assertion (A): Urban poverty is more harmful than rural poverty.
Reasoning (R): The poor in the urban areas live in unhygienic conditions which are hazardous to their health,
(i) (A) is true, but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 2.
Assertion (A): The poverty line differs from country to country.
Reasoning (R): A person described as poor in the USA will not be placed below the poverty line category in India.
(i) (A) is true, but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

3. Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Urban Poverty and Rural Poverty.
Answer:

Urban Poverty	Rural Poverty
(i) Poverty found in urban areas is known as Urban poverty.	(i) Poverty found in rural areas is known as Rural poverty.
(ii) A person who is unable to consume more than 2100 calories experiences Urban poverty.	(ii) A person who is unable to consume more than 2400 calories experiences poverty.
(iii) It is mostly found among the village artisans, the landless agricultural labourers, the small and marginal farmers.	(iii) It is mostly found among the rural migrate in the urban area, who lives in slums, lack infrastructure, illiteracy, unemployed people, etc.
(iv) It can be eradicated by agricultural growth and development, anti-poverty programmes like ‘garibi hatao’ etc.	(iv) It can be eradicated by industrialization, affordable housing, etc.

Question 2.
Absolute Poverty and Relative Poverty.
Answer:

Absolute Poverty	Relative Poverty
(i) Absolute poverty is a situation where an individual is not able to consume minimum calories intake.	(i) Relative poverty is a situation where there is a comparison of income or living standard of different income groups.
(ii) Absolute poverty can be eradicated with the help of effective anti-poverty programmes.	(ii) Relative poverty can not be eradicated completely.
(iii) It exists in developing and underdeveloped countries like India, etc.	(iii) It is a universal phenomenon and is found in all countries of the world.
(iv) Absolute poverty indicates the minimum subsistence level of a section of society.	(iv) Relative poverty indicates the existence of income inequalities between different income groups.

4. Answer the following:

Question 1.
What are the economic effects of poverty?
Answer:
Economic effects of poverty:

• Low national income: As a substantial number of people are poor, their income, saving, and investment are inadequate. This results in low capital formation.
• Adverse effect on production: Since the capital for modernization is not available, the farmers continue with the outdated methods. Similarly, the industry does not have funds for modernization.
• Misallocation of resources: To help the poor, the government spends a huge amount on welfare activities. This restricts the allocation of resources for productive activities.
• Low standard of living: Due to low per capita income and low per capita consumption, people are forced to live in slums. This is reflected in the low standard of living.
• Malnutrition and starvation: Poor people can not afford a balanced diet due to low income. They do not get the minimum calories from their diet.

Question 2.
What are the causes of rural poverty?
Answer:
Causes of rural poverty:

• Population explosion: Due to the rapid growth of population and lesser growth in employment, poverty is increasing.
• Slow economic growth: Agricultural and industrial growth is happening at a slower pace, thus contributing to poverty.
• Unemployment: Unemployment is a major cause of poverty because of which poor people are not able to get jobs as well as income.
• Economic inequalities: A larger percentage of national income is in a few rich people’s hands, who exploit poor people, which in turn causes poverty.
• Inflation: Increase in the price of commodities without rising in income put more pressure on poor people.
• Regional imbalance: Some states in India are having lesser economic growth as compared to other states.
• The vicious circle of poverty: Due to low consumption, low saving, low production, low employment, and low income, the vicious circle of poverty has trapped India.

Question 3.
Explain the concepts of poverty.
Answer:
Concepts of Poverty: There are two major concepts of poverty in India, which include absolute poverty and relative poverty.

• Absolute Poverty: Absolute Poverty can be measured in terms of calorie intake on daily basis. As per the standard set by the planning commission, in case a person is not able to take a calorie intake of 2400 calories in a rural area and 2100 calories in an urban area then the person is called absolute poor. It is found in developing and under-developing countries. It can be eradicated with proper planning of the government.
• Relative Poverty: Relative poverty is a universal phenomenon and is found in all countries. It can be measured through comparison of standard of living of different sections of people in terms of different income, wealth, consumption, etc. It cannot be completely eradicated from any country.

Question 4.
Write notes on types of poverty.
Answer:
Types of Poverty:

(i) Rural Poverty: Poverty prevailing in rural areas is called rural poverty. A person who consumes less than 2400 calories per day is said to be a rural poor. This poverty is mostly found among poor farmers, artisans, landless laborers, etc. It can be removed by agricultural growth and anti-poverty programmes.

(ii) Urban Poverty: Poverty prevailing in urban areas is called urban poverty. A person who consumes less than 2100 calories per day is said to be an urban poor. This poverty is more found among people who live in slums with unhygienic conditions or are employed in low-paid jobs. It can be removed by using labor-intensive techniques, growth of employment programs, etc.

(iii) Absolute Poverty: Absolute poverty is a condition in which even the basic needs of a person are not satisfied. A person who is unable to consume 2100 calories per day in urban areas or 2400 per day in rural areas, is said to be absolutely poor. It is found in poor and developing countries of the world like India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, etc.

(iv) Relative Poverty: Relative poverty is based on the comparison of the lower-income groups with the higher-income groups. It is judged on the basis of per capita income and per capita consumption expenditure of people in a country. It is a universal phenomenon and is found in all countries.

5. State with reasons whether you agree or disagree with the following statement:

Question 1.
Absolute poverty can be eradicated.
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the statement.

• Absolute poverty can be eradicated.
• Developed countries have eradicated absolute poverty.
• It is only in developing countries that absolute poverty is seen.
• In these countries problems like overpopulation, slow economic development, illiteracy, agricultural and industrial backwardness, defective land system, unemployment, inequalities when solved, the problem of absolute poverty will also be solved.
• In this manner, the problem of absolute poverty can be eradicated.

Question 2.
Poverty is not responsible for the degradation of the environment.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.

• Poverty is a part of the society or population which is not able to meet even its basic necessities.
• Poor people do not have sufficient income.
• They don’t possess money for proper food, clothing, shelter, health, and education.
• They live in unhygienic conditions.
• Thus, to satisfy their basic requirement, they cause harm to the quality of the environment.

Question 3.
Controlling population growth can reduce poverty in India.
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the statement.

• Poverty is a social phenomenon.
• Population explosion leads to poverty in India.
• In order to remove poverty, it is necessary to create awareness about the importance of family planning to the people.
• The government needs to formulate appropriate population policies to keep in check for population growth in the country.
• If the population is controlled, there will be enough scope for employment for all in the country.
• Full employment will lead to growth in per capita income, which in turn will lead to an increase in the standard of living of the people.
• Thus, controlling population growth can reduce poverty in India.

6. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
Explain the causes of poverty in India.
Answer:
The causes of poverty are as follows:

• Population explosion: Due to the increase in population, poverty is growing rapidly.
• Slow economic growth: There is slow industrial and agricultural growth due to which the economy is growing slowly.
• Unemployment and underemployment: Unemployment is the major factor of increased poverty.
• Economic inequalities: There are inequalities in the distribution of income, assets, consumption expenditure, which in fact have increased poverty.
• Inaccessibility to infrastructural facility: Due to lack of sufficient income, purchasing power is less. This leads to the inaccessibility of infrastructure such as energy, transport, communication, etc.
• Inflation: Inflation is the major cause of poverty where prices are increased on basic food and commodity.
• Regional imbalance: Economic development of some of the states in India is happening at a lower growth rate thus creating poverty.
• The vicious circle of poverty: Vicious circle of poverty can be explained, where all the factors are interrelated with each other like low national income, low per capita income, low saving, low capital formation, low production, less employment resulting in poverty.
• Other factors: Gender discrimination, corruption, natural disasters, caste, religion are some of the other factors which lead to poverty.