Class 7

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.2 The Souvenir Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.2 The Souvenir

Class 7 English Chapter 2.2 The Souvenir Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Guess the meaning of the following words:
exorbitantly, precautions, unauthorised, repeatedly, enthusiastically
Write the smaller and related words that you see within these words.

Question 1.
Guess the meaning of the following words. Write the smaller and related words that you see within these words.
Answer:
(i) exorbitantly (adv) – excessively, smaller words – orbit, bit, ant.
related words – exorbitant.

(ii) precaution (n) – to take care beforehand.
smaller words – caution, cat, rat, pet, ear, action, reaction.
related word – caution

(iii) unauthorised (adj) – having no authority.
smaller word – author, ant, rise, his, this, north, said
related words – authorise, authorised.

(iv) repeatedly (adv) – done several times; again and again.
smaller words – repeat, pet, eat, ate, pat, rat, tape, trade
related words – repeat, repeated.

(v) enthusiastically (adv) – done in an excited and motivated manner.
smaller words – enthusiastic, thus, ally, silly, thin, ten
related words – enthusiast, enthusiastic, enthusiastical.
Collective nouns also have singular and plural forms.

Examples:

class – classes, herd – herds, team – teams.

Some more examples-

• arrm armies council – councils
• school – schools group – groups
• society – societies cabinet – cabinets
• department – departments, etc

Collective Nouns (examples)

1. an army ol ants
2. a flight of birds
3. a school of hsh
4. a shoal ol hsh
5. a choir ot singers
6. a band of musicians
7. a crew of sailors
8. a troupe of artists/dancers
9. an audience of listeners
10. a litter of puppies/kittens
11. a galaxy of stars
12. a group of islands
13. a forest of trees
14. an album of stamps/autographs/photographs

2. Use the details given in the story and your imagination and prepare a timetable for the trip to the moon.

Question 1.
Use the details given in the story and your imagination and prepare a timetable for the trip to the moon.

3. Say whether the following statements are right or wrong.

Question a.
Sayali was travelling in space for the first time.
Answer:
Wrong.

Question b.
Many changes had occurred on the earth in the hundred years before Sayali’s trip to the moon.
Answer:
Correct

Question c.
There were no old cities left on the earth.
Answer:
Correct

Question d.
Sayali’s mother did not want her to go on the trip.
Answer:
Correct

Question e.
There were no human settlements on the moon.
Answer:
Correct

Question f.
Sayali made a hasty purchase.
Answer:
Wrong

Question g.
Sayali did not understand the mistake she had made.
Answer:
Correct

4. Imagine you are Sayali. Write your diary for eveiy day of your trip to the moon, and for the day you gave the earrings to your mother.

Question 1.
Imagine you are Sayali. Write your diary for eveiy day of your trip to the moon, and for the day you gave the earrings to your mother.
Answer:

Monday
28th May, 2018
11.30 pm

Dear Diary,
After spending the day on walking the soil of the moon, it feels joyous and I am pleases to have such a trip.
The weather there is cold, so every time I go there. I carry some warm clothes with me.
Today I bought an earning for my mother. When I gave it to her she was very happy and thrilled to see them. She even said ‘Sayali’, ‘I am proud of you’.
She said that it was the most beautiful gift. She has ever got. The earnings was also very beautiful. Well t was a peaceful day for me.

Good night

5. Discuss: In the story, human settlements are mentioned but not cities or villages. Why is it so?

6. Gather more information about the following from your Science textbook, the internet and other sources.
Gravitational force
View of the sky when you are on the moon.
Chandrayaan mission of India.

7. You want to start human settlement somewhere else other than the earth, in the universe. Will you select a star or a planet? Why? What features supporting life will you look for? Try to find answers to such questions and make a presentalion using scientific information and your imagination.

8. Language Study: Common nouns – 2: Some nouns stand for a number of persons
or things taken together. They are called collective nouns.
Examples: class (a class of sixty students), a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep,
a team of players, a list of names.
Collective nouns also have singular and plural forms.
Examples: class-classes, herd-herds, team-teams
Make a collection of collective nouns.

Class 7 English Chapter 2.2 The Souvenir Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
In what time periods is the story taking place? given to the children?
Answer:
The story is taking place in 2069, somewhere closer to the 22nd century.

Question 2.
Where does Sayali live?
Answer:
Sayali lives on the earth.

Question 3.
What were the two important instructions
Answer:
The two important instructions were:
1. To be extremely careful while roaming outside the human settlements on the moon because a gravitational force equivalent to that of the earth had been artificially maintained in the human settlements but outside the settlements the gravitational force of the moon was at work.

2. To buy articles only from the shops which were inside the dome shaped settlements because there the articles would be genuine and not to buy anything from the unauthorised shops outside the settlement.

Question 4.
Imagine you are landing on the moon. What would be your feelings?
Answer:
For me the moon always looked like a huge cotton ball. Now that I have got a chance to go on the moon and as I am getting closer, I can see the moon has a lot of craters. I am so excited to be landing on the moon and anxious too as to what it would be like when I step on the moon. I am looking forward to walking on the moon; I have heard that we do not actually walk but bounce on the moon because of its lack of gravitational force. I am waiting to walk on the moon and experience the feel of flying while walking.

Question 5.
Was Sayali making a mistake when she bought earrings?
Answer:
Yes, Sayali was making a mistake when she bought the earrings.

Question 6.
What instructions had she ignored?
Answer:
She had been instructed to buy articles only from the shops which were inside the dome shaped settlements which were genuine and not to buy anything from the unauthorised shops outside the settlement. She ignored these instructions and purchased from outside the settlement.

Question 7.
Why had the earrings become so heavy on the earth?
Answer:
Sayali purchased the earrings from outside the human settlement where the moon’s gravitational force was at work. The gravitational force of the moon made the earrings light on the moon, but it became very heavy on the earth because of the earth’s gravitational force.

Question 8.
Which was the longest trip during mummy’s childhood?
Answer:
During mummy’s childhood the longest trip meant going to Europe.

Question 9.
What did the dome shaped settlements on the moon resemble?
Answer:
The dome shaped settlements on the moon resembled the igloos of the Eskimos.

Question 10.
Where were the children escorted to, on the moon?
Answer:
The children were escorted through an airtight tunnel to the settlement at the Neil Armstrong base on the moon.

Question 11.
Quote the first words uttered by a human on the moon. Who uttered them and when?
Answer:
The first words uttered by a human on the moon was, ‘One small step, for a man, one giant leap for mankind’.
These words were uttered by Neil Armstrong who was the first man to put his foot on the moon.

Question 12.
Say whether the following statements are right or wrong.

1. Sayali was travelling in space for the first time.
2. Many changes had occurred on the earth in the hundred years before Sayali’s trip to the moon.
3. There were no old cities left on the earth.
4. Sayali’s mother did not want her to go on the trip.
5. There were no human settlements on the moon.
6. Sayali made a hasty purchase.
7. Sayali did not understand the mistake she had made.

Answer:

1. Right
2. Right
3. Wrong
4. Wrong
5. Wrong
6. Right
7. Wrong.

Question 13.
Discuss: In the story, human settlements are mentioned but not cities or villages. Why is it so?
Answer:
There are no cities or villages on the moon but just human settlements because according to me people have just started settling on the moon, making it their home.

I Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
State whether the statements true or false.
1. The three days of the trip were going to be part of the daytime on the moon.
2. The stars are seen rarely and very brightly on the earth.
Answer:
1. False
2. False.

Question 2.
Choose the correct answer.
In the moon sky the earth looked times bigger than the moon in the earth sky.
(a) Seventy
(b) Thirteen
(c) Seventeen
Answer:
(b) Thirteen

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
What did the beautiful enchanting view make Sayali and her friends feel?
Answer:
The beautiful enchanting view made Sayali and her friends feel ecstatic.

Question 2.
What was special about the sky watch on the moon?
Answer:
The speciality about the sky watch was that the stars shone dazzling bright against the dark background of the moon sky because there is no atmosphere on the moon.

Question 3.
What does it tell you about the conditions on the earth at that time?
Answer:
The conditions on the earth at that time was usually foggy and the stars were seen rarely and only very faintly.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Pick out a word from the extract which means – ‘not clear’.
Answer:
Foggy

Question 2.
Find the odd man out:
Moon, stars, earth, bright
Answer:
Bright – the rest are nouns.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Pick out the adjective.
They fell asleep feeling happy, excited and comfortable at the same time.
Answer:
Asleep, happy, excited, comfortable.

Question 2.
The most attractive view was that of the disc of the earth! (State the kind of sentence)
Answer:
Exclamatory.

Question 3.
Pick out two compound words from the extract.
Answer:
background, comfortable, daylight, night-time.

Question 4.
It was seventy times brighter. (Adda question tag)
Answer:
It was seventy times brighter, wasn’t it?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
How does the moon look to you from the earth?
Answer:
To me the moon looks like a round shiny ball of cotton. Sometimes, I feel that the moon looks like a pizza layered with cheese. I love to look at the full moon and dream of being there someday.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
1. The second day’s attraction was a ………. on the moon!
2. ………… and her friends had travelled far and wide and had done a lot of sight-seeing.
Answer:
1. circus
2. Sayali

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. One unique feature of the circus was the seating arrangement.
2. The guide had assigned them the task of writing stories about the circus.
Answer:
1. True
2. False

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Where did the teacher take the students on the second day?
Answer:
The teacher took the students to the circus on the moon on the second day.

Question 2.
What was the unique feature of the circus?
Answer:
The unique feature of the circus was the seating arrangement.

Question 3.
What were the special attractions of the circus?
Answer:
The special attractions of the circus were high jumps and long jumps.

Question 4.
What could be the reason behind the unique seating arrangement?
Answer:
The unique seating arrangement with the spectators sitting inside the tent and the circus going on outside could be because the gravitational force in the tents was artificially maintained according to the earth’s gravitational force which helped the spectators to remain in one place without bouncing around and watching the circus which was taking place outside the tent where the gravitational force of the moon was at work. This helped the performers perform unique stunts as well.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Identify the plurals of the following words.

1. friend
2. metre
3. feature
4. tent
5. teacher.

Answer:

1. friends
2. metres
3. features
4. tents
5. teachers.

Question 2.
Pick out compound words from the passage.
Answer:
outside, self-study, sight-seeing.

Grammar:

Question 1.
One gymnast jumped twenty seven metres high! (Add a question tag)
Answer:
One gymnast jumped twenty seven metres high, didn’t he?

Question 2.
It was expected that the students should spend some time for self-study.
(Frame a ‘Wh’ question so as to get the underlined
words as the answer.)
Answer:
What was expected from they students?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What would be the overall effects of having no atmosphere?
Answer:
Atmosphere is a protective layer of gases that envelopes the earth. It consists of a number of gases including nitrogen, oxygen and many more.
Life depends on the atmosphere.

• If there was no atmosphere the intense light and harmful radiation of the sun would harm life.
• Every creature depending on oxygen from the smallest ant to the biggest whales would perish. There
• would be no oceans because in the absence of atmosphere, oceans would just evaporate due to the scorching heat of the sun.
• No water for living because there would be no water-cycle.
• The temperature would be so high that everything would get burnt.
• Atmosphere protects asteroid strikes on the earth.
• To sum it up, without atmosphere there would be no life.

Answer the following.

Question 1.
Collective noun: Collective noun is the name given to a number of persons, animals or things taken as a whole, (one single collective unit)
Examples:

1. Persons – staff, team, crowd, jury, committee, gang, crew, choir, class
2. Animals- flock, herd, shoal, swarm, pride, pack, brood
3. Things – bunch, pile, stack, flight, pile collection, bouquet, library

Make a collection of collective nouns.

• an army of soldiers
• a fleet of ships
• a brood of chickens
• a collection of pictures/stamps
• a flight of steps
• a pride of lions
• apackof wolves
• a litter of puppies/kittens
• a bunch of keys/flowers
• a gang/band of thieves

Question 2.
Punctuate the following sentences.

1. a Jam packed three day’s programme awaited the children on the moon
2. be careful when you walk dear children don’t run or sprint you will fall
3. she exclaimed hello dear how am i going to wear such heavy earrings
4. everyone was looking forward to this visit to the historical monument it was the oldest place in the history of man on the moon

Answer:

1. A jam-packed three day’s programme awaited the children on the moon.
2. “Be careful when you walk, dear children; don’t run, or sprint, you will fall!”
3. She exclaimed, “Hello dear, how am I going to wear such heavy earrings?”
4. Everyone was looking forward to this visit to the historical monument – it was the oldest place in the history of man on the moon.

Question 3.
Find out the collective words for the following:
1. A …….. of shoes.
2. A ………. of mountains.
3. A ………… of ships.
4. A ………….. of flowers.
5. A ……….. of lies.
6. A ………… of wild animals.
Answer:
pair, range, fleet, bouquet, pack, zoo

Question 4.
Identify the plurals of the following.

1. company
2. firm
3. family
4. crowd
5. gang

Answer:

1. companies
2. firms
3. families
4. crowds
5. gangs

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Remembering the incident made her laugh even now. (Frame a ‘Wh’ question so as to get the underlined words as the answer)
Answer:
What made her laugh even now?

Question 2.
She had read the description. (Change the voice)
Answer:
The description had been read by her.

Question 3.
The clouds had disappeared, the stars were shining bright. (Use ‘not only … but also’)
Answer:
Not only had the clouds disappeared but also the stars were also shining bright.

Question 4.
Sayali immediately realized her mistake. (Identify the part of speech for the underlined word)
Answer:
immediately – adverb.

Question 5.
Her mother picked up the earrings. (Change the voice)
Answer:
The earrings were picked up by her mother.

Question 6.
Give me those red earrings. (Kind of sentence)
Answer:
Imperative sentence.

Question 7.
High jumps and long jumps were the special attractions. (Use ‘not only … but also’)
Answer:
Not only high jumps but also long jumps were the special attractions.

Question 8.
A hundred years ago Neil Armstrong had landed at this place. (Frame a question – begin with ’When …’)
Answer:
When had Neil Armstrong landed at this place?

Question 9.
Give me those red earrings. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Give me those red earrings, will you/won’t you?

Question 10.
Use a prefix to get the opposite of:
Answer:

• experience × inexperience
• contented × discontented
• appeared × disappeared
• visible × invisible
• comfortable × uncomfortable
• happy × unhappy
• paid × unpaid
• spent × unspent

Writing Skills

Diary Writing

Question 1.
Write your diary everyday describing your trip to the moon, and also about the day you gifted the earrings to your mother.
Answer:
11th June, 2019
Sunday
We landed safely on the moon. It was a wonderful experience. In the space shuttle I was excited as well as anxious. When we alighted from the space shuttle on the moon, it was a feeling which cannot be expressed in words. On the first day we were taken to the Neil Armstrong base. We were instructed about the things we could and could not do.

We were told about the differences in the gravitational force on the moon and in the human settlement on the moon. We were a part of the night time on the moon. The stars shone brightly like diamonds. We also saw the earth from the moon. The earth looked thirteen times bigger than the moon and seventy times brighter. The view was so enchanting that we were ecstatic.
12th June, 2019
Monday

We woke up early and got ready for our second day’s attraction. We saw a circus show on the moon! The unique feature of the circus was the seating arrangement. We were made to sit inside the tent and the circus was going on outside the tent. High jumps and long jumps were the main attraction. We also visited various settlements and jotted down important points which would help us in writing an essay on our trip to the moon. My friends and I travelled a lot and did a lot of sight-seeing.
13th June, 2019
Tuesday

Being excited, we were ready before the others. Our teacher took us to that place of historical importance where Neil Armstrong had landed in Apollo II on 20th July, 1969, the space flight that helped the 1st two humans walk on the moon. It was Neil Armstrong who was the first human being to put his foot on the moon. We got to see the first footprint of Neil Armstrong which has been preserved on the moon land. The first words uttered by a human on the moon is also carved at the base of Neil Armstrong’s statue.

We were made to wear space suits for the first time as we were going to roam on the moon experiencing its gravitational force. My friends purchased souvenirs for their families and friends because the next day we were to start our return journey. How these three days have flown by! I am carrying back memories to last a life time.
15th June, 2019
Thursday

I was so excited on the moon that I had not thought of any of my family members, not even mummy! How could I forget her! I remembered mummy just before leaving for the earth, I felt very guilty. In my haste to please my mother, I forgot the instructions given by our escorts and purchased a beautiful pair of red earrings from a shopkeeper outside the settlement. After returning to the earth, the first thing I did was to show mummy the earrings I had brought for her. Mummy picked up the earrings to admire it and found them very heavy. It was then that I realised the blunder I had done. Now those earrings are kept as souvenirs from the moon in our show case.

Formative Assessment:

Question 1.
Prepare a timetable for a trip to the moon. Use your imagination.
Answer:

• Plan ahead before making the trip.
• Research your destination and know what to expect.
• Get the necessary passport/documents.
• Check and get immunization if necessary.
• Keep updated with the current happenings on the moon.
• Learn and understand what should be done/ not done on the moon.
• Have a communication plan with family and friends at home.
• Pack wisely. The lighter the better. Take things you like to wear and plan on wearing it several times.
• Have a good attitude. Keep your mind open.
• Don’t complain.
• Be an observer not a judge. Enjoy your trip.

The Souvenir Summary in English

Introduction:

‘The Souvenir’ written by Lakshman Londhe is a story in the form of a science fiction.

Paraphrase:

‘The Souvenir’ is a story which is a science fiction. A science fiction deals with world that differs from our own as a result of new scientific discoveries, new technologies or different social systems. It is sometimes hard to distinguish science fiction from fantasy. Through this story the writer has tried to tell us the changes which would have taken place by 2069 because of new technologies.

Glossary:

1. souvenir (n) – a thing that is kept as a reminder of a person, place or event
2. awe (n) – amazement
3. abate (v) – subside, to reduce
4. azure (n) – clear blue colour
5. unauthorized (v) – not legal unauthorised (adj) – having no authority
6. enthusiastically (adv) – happily
7. repeatedly (adv) – again and again
8. exorbitantly (adv) – excessively
9. shuttle (n) – a form of transport that travels between two places
10. panorama (n) – an unbroken view of an entire surrounding area, a very wide view, usually a 360° view
11. succession (n) – following in sequence
12. escorted (v) – carefully accompanied
13. genuine (adj) – real
14. ecstatic (adj) – extremely happy
15. unique (adj) – unusual
16. sprint (v) – a short race at top speed
17. jam-packed (adj) – extremely crowded
18. out of the world – extraordinary; not found on the earth
19. far and wide – across a large area
20. precaution (n) – care taken before hand
21. captured (v)- recorded
22. receptionist (n) – a person who greets and deals with visitors
23. outset (v) – start
24. dazzling (adj) – extremely bright
25. foggy (adj) – unclear
26. uttered (v) – said

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands

Class 7 English Chapter 4.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Study the following format of an informal letter carefully.

Using the format, (a) Write an informal letter to your friend who has gone to another town for a month. (b) Write a personal letter of thank to an elder person.

Answer:
a. Mogra Villa,
B -116,
Linking Road,
Mumbai – 54.
20th June, 2019.

Dear granny,

How are you? I hope you are taking care of your health. I am sure grandpa too is doing good.

Thank you for the wonderful present you have sent me on my birthday! It was really overwhelming to be remembered and I felt so specially when I received my favourite ‘Harry Potter’ book series.

I enjoyed reading the first book and I am sharing it with my friends too. I am sure to improve my reading skills after reading these books. I will remember you everytime I look at the books or read them.

Thank you granny, I really appreciate your thought and love. Hoping to see you soon. Bye and take care.

Give my love to grandpa.
Your loving granddaughter,
XYZ

b. 73, Minar Road,
Bandra (West),
Mumbai – 50.
21st June, 2019.

Dear Rohini,

How are you? I am sure you are doing good. How is the weather in Pune? You told me that you had to go to Pune for a month because you were selected for the women’s cricket coaching.

I know you have never been to Pune before. Are you excited? Where are you staying? How is the coaching going on? I wish I too was selected. We could have had fun together. How are the other girls who have come for the same? I know that they have come from different places from Maharashtra. Have you made any new friends? I know your nature will be liked by all and you are going to do your best. I am already missing you. Counting the days and waiting for the month to come to an end quickly.

I know you are busy with your new opportunities. Wish you all the luck. Take care and remain healthy.

Your loving friend,
XYZ

2. Form a group of four to six. As a group activity, write a conversation In which a person/a group of persons thanks, someone.

Question 1.
Form a group of four to six. As a group activity, write a conversation In which a person/a group of persons thanks someone.
Answer:

• Mona: Wow! What a pleasant surprise!
• Tina: Mona, I have come to thank you for picking up my child from school.
• Mona: You didn’t need to do that. Anyway I was picking up my child too.
• Tina: I was unable to pick her on time. Knowing I could rely on You made me breathe a huge sigh of relief.
• Mona: You could have called me. Why did you take the trouble of coming home all the way?
• Tina: No It was not a trouble for me. I wanted to thank you personally. I do appreciate your willingness to help. Thank you once again for the timely help at such a short notice.
• Mona: Thank you for appreciating. You can count on me anytime. I know you have a very busy schedule. Don’t worry, 111 always be there when you need me.
• Tina: I won’t make it a habit but thank you once again for being such a wonderful person.
• Mona: It will be my pleasure to be of any help possible and thank you for the kind words

Class 7 English Chapter 4.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Additional Important Questions and Answers

Formal letter (A letter of thanks).

Question 1.
Write a letter of thanks to the owner of a shop.
Answer:
Mogra Villa,
B -116,
Linking Road,
Mumbai – 54.
3rd July, 2017.

To,
Mr. Singh,
Shop No. – 25 Vile Parle (E),
Mumbai – 57.
Mr Singh,

I would like to convey my thanks to you and your team of salesmen. They have done a wonderful job.

My mother who is quite elderly and has difficulty in hearing, had visited your store. She was overwhelmed by the helpful treatment. She praised your team and you too, who have made them so. If everyone could be as pleasant and helpful, our world would be a better and much happier place.

I thank you from the bottom of my heart and please convey my appreciation and thanks to your team as well.

With warm regards.
Thanking you,
Yours sincerely,
XYZ

Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Summary in English

This chapter teaches us how to write a letter whether informal or formal. An informal letter is written in a friendly manner to your family, friends and near and dear ones. A formal letter is a professional way of communicating for official purpose. It can be in the way of appreciation, complaint or application.
A letter of thanks can be formal or informal.

Introduction:

This chapter ‘Seeing Eyes Helping Hands’ introduces us to a couple of writing skills in the form of letter writing and dialogue writing.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 14 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 14 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Class 7 Science Chapter 14 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Who are my companions?

Question a.

Column ‘A’	Column B’
1. Stainless steel	a. Non-metal
2. Silver	b. Compound
3. Bhajani mixture for milling	c. Mixture
4. Salt	d. Element
5. Coal	e. Alloy
6. Hydrogen	f. Metal

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column B’
1. Stainless steel	e. Alloy
2. Silver	f. Metal
3. Bhajani mixture for milling	c. Mixture
4. Salt	b. Compound
5. Coal	a. Non-metal
6. Hydrogen	d. Element

2. Write the names of elements from the following symbols:
Zn, Cd, Xe, Br, Ti, Cu, Fe, Si, Ir, Pt.

Question a.
Write the names of elements from the following symbols:
Zn, Cd, Xe, Br, Ti, Cu, Fe, Si, Ir, Pt.
Answer:

Symbol	Element
Zn	Zinc
Cd	Cadmium
Xe	Xenon
Br	Bromine
Ti	Titanium
Cu	Copper
Fe	Iron
Si	Silicon
Ir	Iridium
Pt	Platinum

3. What are the molecular formulae of the following compounds?
(Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid, Sodium chloride, Glucose, Methane)

Question a.
What are the molecular formulae of the following compounds?
(Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid, Sodium chloride, Glucose, Methane)
Answer:

• Hydrochloric acid → HCl
• Sulphuric acid → H₂SO₄
• Sodium Chloride → NaCl
• Glucose → C₆H₁₂O₆
• Methane → CH₄
• Water → H₂O
• Carbon dioxide → CO₂
• Sucrose (sugar) → C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

4. Give scientific reasons:

Question a.
Buttermilk is churned to get butter.
Answer:

1. Churning is the process of shaking up buttermilk to make butter.
2. Butter is essentially the fat of milk.
3. Churning physically agitates the cream until it ruptures the membrane surrounding milk fat
4. Fat droplets can join with each other to form clumps of fat.

Question b.
In Chromatography the ingredients of a mixture rise up to a limited height when water rises up to the upper end of the paper.
Answer:
In Chromatography two properties of substances are used, (a) They are the stability of the substances in the solvent that moves up. The ability of the substance to stick to the stationary filter paper, (b) So all the components of the mixture do not rise all the way to the upper end of the filter paper but remain behind at limited heights.

Question c.
A wet cloth is wrapped around a water storage container in summer.
Answer:
A wet cloth will absorb the heat from the surroundings and it will keep the water in the container, cool for a longer time.

5. Explain the difference.

Question a.
Metals and Non-metals
Answer:

Metals	Non-metals
1. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.	1. Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
2. Metals are solids at room temperature except for mercury.	2. Non-metals exists in all three states.
3. Metals are lustrous, (shiny)	3. Non-metals are not lustrous, (dull appearance) except graphite.
4. Metals are malleable (can be hammered into sheets)	4. Non-metals are brittle, not malleable.
5. Metals are ductile, can be drawn into wire.	5. Non-metals are not ductile.
6. Metals are very hard and strong.	6. Non-metals are brittle, will break down into pieces except diamond.

Question b.
Mixture and Compound
Answer:

Mixture	Compound
1. The different substances are not chemically joined together to form a mixture but mixed physically.	1. A compound is formed when two or more elements chemically combine together e.g. H2O → chemical formula of water.
2. Each substance in the mixture retains its own properties	2. Compound has fixed properties.
3. Mixtures are impure substances.	3. Compounds are pure substances.
4. Substances from the mixture can easily be separated by physical methods.	4. The constituents of a compound can be separated only by chemical methods.
5. The constituents of a mixture are present in varying proportions.	5. The constituents of a compound are present in fixed proportion.

Question c.
Atoms and Molecules
Answer:

Atoms	Molecules
1. An atom is the fundamental part of matter.	1. A molecule is a group of chemically bonded atoms.
2. Atoms are basic building blocks of matter.	2. Molecule is the smallest unit of a chemical compound
3. It is foundation of molecules.	3. It is foundation of chemical compound.

Question d.
Separation by distillation and Separation by separating funnel
Answer:

Separation by distillation	Separation by separating funnel
1. Distillation is used for purification of impure liquids, for separating liquid and solids (Separation of mixture containing two miscible liquids) e.g. to separate salt and water from saltwater.	1. This procedure is used for separating two liquids e.g. separating oil and water, (two immiscible liquids)

6. Write answers to the following questions in your own words.

Question a.
How are the components of mixture separated by simple methods?
Answer:
1. Component of mixtures are separated by straining, filtering, sifting, picking, sorting, winnowing, combing with a magnet and sublimation.
2. In a mixture, the constituent substances do not lose their identity, they can be separated easily by physical methods.
a. Sedimentation: (i) It is a process of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid in which it is suspended, by allowing it to settle to the bottom of the container, e.g. Muddy water contains heavier particles like sand and soil, (ii) Leave this muddy water undisturbed for some time, (iii) The heavier soil and sand particles settle down and the clear upper water is poured out by decantation.

b. Filtration: It is used for separating insoluble solids from a liquid, e.g. mixture of chalk and water is poured through a filter paper in a funnel while the water gets

collected in the beaker below, chalk is retained in the filter paper.

c. Evaporation: It is used for recovering dissolved solid substances from solutions by evaporation e.g. sugar can be recovered from sugar-water.

d. Distillation: It is a process of heating a solution containing soluble solids to form vapours of the liquid and then cooling the vapours to get the liquid back. e.g. A mixture of common salt and water is taken in distillation flask and heated. Steam rises up and comes out into condenser.

e. Sublimation: It is a process in which some solids on heating are transformed directly to vapour without passing through the liquid state, (i) It is used to separate a mixture of solids. The vapours are cooled separately, (ii) Used to separate ammonium chloride, iodine, camphor and sulphur from any mixture.

f. Magnetic separation: A mixture with iron fillings as one of the components can be separated using magnet to attract the iron particles away from the mixture.

Question b.
Which elements (metals, non-metals) compounds and mixtures do we use in our day to day life?
Answer:
Elements – non-metal

• Oxygen, nitrogen → present in air
• Hydrogen → present in water
• Silicon → in memory card
• Lithium → to make batteries
• Neon → in neon signs/lights
• Sulphur → used in water treatment, agricultural pesticides

Elements – metals

• Calcium → in milk
• Silver, gold → used in jewellery
• Aluminium, copper, iron → Kitchen vessels
• Mercury → in thermometer
• Copper → electric wires

Compounds:

• Sodium chloride → table salt
• Sodium carbonate → washing soda
• Sodium bicarbonate → baking soda
• Sodium hypochloride → bleaching powder
• Sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide → in making soaps
• Calcium oxide, Calcium hydroxide → in white washing the buildings.
• Hydrochloric acid → in cleaning toilets
• Sucrose → sugar used in cooking and baking.

Mixtures:

• Bhel → mixture of puffed rice, sev, groundnuts, lemon juice
• Concrete → mixture of cement, sand and rocks
• Salad → mixture of onion, cucumber, tomato, lettuce, etc.
  Sherbet and saltwater are also mixtures.

Question c.
In everyday life, where and for what purpose do we use centrifugation?
Answer:
Centrifugation: It is a process which involves application of centrifugal force.
1. It is used in industrial and laboratory settings. It is used for separation of fluids, gas or liquid based on density. In centrifugation mixture is separated through spinning and the solid settles to the bottom and the solution is clear.

2. Best example of centrifugal force is working of washing machine when it dries the clothes. The wet clothes are moving in circular path and a force acts on water particles in clothes and this force pulls water all outer side. Force involved is centrifugal force which removes the water from the clothes and clothes are dried in this way.

3. Cream separation: When the machine moves, the rod set inside milk moves and milk is pressurised and solid part from this milk goes outside due to centrifugal force and this solid part is cream. In this way the cream is separated from the milk.

Question d.
Where are methods of separation by distillation and by separating funnel used?
Answer:
1. Distillation: It is the process of separating the components or substances from a compound. It is a process of heating a solution containing soluble solids to form vapours of the liquid and then cooling the vapours to get the liquid back.
Distillation method is used in the following:

• to separate components of air into oxygen, nitrogen, argon, etc.
• to separate salt from saltwater.
• to purify impure liquids.
• to prepare distilled water.

2. Separating funnel: When a mixture of two immiscible liquids is left undisturbed, two layers are clearly seen to have formed, (a) The heavier of the liquids remain below and the lighter liquid floats on it. (b) So two liquids in a mixture can be separated by making use of this property, e.g.

• to separate kerosene and water.
• to separate oil and water.

Question e.
Which precaution will you take while using the methods of distillation and separation by separating funnel?
Answer:
In using distillation:

1. Allow sufficient space to work in, working area should be well lit and well ventilated to prevent the accumulation of alcoholic vapours.
2. Keep a fire extinguisher handy.
3. There should be no obstruction in the piping that could cause pressure build-up in the stills and cause it to burst.

In using separating funnel:

1. Stopper should be tightly fitted so that the solution does not leak out when the separating funnel is inverted.
2. Never throw any layer away until you are absolutely sure that you isolated the final product.

Project:

Question a.
Visit a jaggery or a sugar factory. Obtain information about the methods that are used to separate the components of the mixture while making jaggery or sugar. Present it in the class.

Class 7 Science Chapter 14 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks and rewrite the sentences:

Question 1.
………………, ……………….. and are three states of matter.
Answer:
Solid, liquid, gaseous

Question 2.
Molecules in ……………….. phase of matter are tightly packed together.
Answer:
solid

Question 3.
A ……………….. has a definite volume, but not a definite shape, it takes the shape of its container.
Answer:
liquid

Question 4.
The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid is called ……………….. .
Answer:
freezing point

Question 5.
Anything that takes up space and has mass is called ……………….. .
Answer:
matter

Question 6.
A ……………….. has no definite shape and no definite volume.
Answer:
Gas

Question 7.
The amount of space that matter occupies is called ……………….. .
Answer:
volume

Question 8.
A ……………….. has a definite shape and definite volume.
Answer:
solid

Question 9.
When a liquid is heated it will ……………….. .
Answer:
expand

Question 10.
A ……………….. is formed by mixing different elements or compounds.
Answer:
mixture

Question 11.
The substance formed by a chemical combination of two or more elements is called a ……………….. .
Answer:
compound

Question 12.
The elements that show some properties of metals and non-metals are called ……………….. .
Answer:
metalloids

Question 13.
Elements are generally classified into ……………….. and ……………….. .
Answer:
metal, non-metals

Question 14.
The smallest particles of substances are called ……………….. .
Answer:
molecules

Question 15.
To date, scientists have discovered ……………….. elements and of these ……………….. elements occur in nature.
Answer:
118, 92

Question 16.
……………….. was the first scientist to use symbols for elements.
Answer:
Berzelius

Question 17.
Symbol for Tungsten is and it is ……………….. and it is derived from its German name ……………….. .
Answer:
W, Wolfram

Question 18.
22-carat gold is an ……………….. of gold.
Answer:
alloy

Question 19.
……………….. of a compound is a short form of its name written using symbols of its constituent elements.
Answer:
Molecular formula

Question 20.
For separating insoluble particles of blood (blood cells) from its liquid part (plasma), ……………….. method is used.
Answer:
centrifugation

Give scientific reason.

Question 1.
Saltwater is a mixture.
Answer:

1. The salt and water are mixed to give saltwater and can both be separated.
2. It can be separated by boiling saltwater.
3. Water can be obtained by condensation whereas the salt will be leftover.
4. As the salt and water do not react chemically and they are separated by simple processes therefore saltwater is called a mixture.

Question 2.
Classify the following substances according to their properties
(water, thermocol, soil, iron, coal, paper, rubber, copper, coir, plastic)
Answer:

Metals	Mixtures	Compounds
Copper, Iron	Soil, Thermocol	Paper, Coir, Plastic, Rubber, Water

Can you tell?

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What are objects made of?
Answer:
An object is made of a certain substance, (i) The term matter is also used as a synonym of substance, (ii) Object is made of matter.

Question 2.
What are these articles of everyday use made of?
Answer:

• Electric wire → copper-metal
• Kitchen utensils → stainless steel, Brass-alloy (aluminium-metal).
• Nails → iron-metal
• Tables, chairs → wood, plastic
• Sugar → sucrose
• Window panes → glass
• Salt → NaCl (Sodium chloride) it is a compound.

Question 3.
What do the short-forms Dr, H.M., AC, Adv., C.M., DC stand for?
Answer:
Short forms of Dr. – Doctor, H.M. – Headmaster, AC – Air conditioner, Adv – Advance, C.M. – Chief Minister, DC – Direct current

Question 4.
Which metals do we use in day-to-day life?
Answer:

• Gold and silver → used in jewellery, computer and solar cells
• Iron, copper, aluminium → used to make utensils
• Copper → used in electrical gadgets
• Tungsten → used in electric bulbs.
• Zinc → for coating on iron to prevent rusting
• Tin → for coating on copper and brass vessels
• Iron → nails, agricultural equipments, in construction of buildings, to make steel

Question 5.
Are metals elements?
Answer:
Yes, metals are elements.

Question 6.
Which element helps combustion?
Answer:
Oxygen helps combustion.

Question 7.
Does water help combustion?
Answer:

1. Water is formed by a combination of hydrogen and oxygen but does not help combustion.
2. It is used to extinguish a fire.

Question 8.
What are the mixtures used in everyday life?
Answer:
Oil and water, lemon juice and sherbet, bhel, honey and tea, milk and chocolate, coffee and cream, salt and water, smog (smoke + fog) air (oxygen + nitrogen), salad, milk.

Question 9.
Are all mixtures useful to us?
Answer:
No, adulterated foodstuff is also a kind of mixture and it is not useful. It is harmful, because when an unwanted and harmful substance is mixed with another substance the resulting mixture no longer remains useful.

Question 10.
How will you separate each component from a mixture of semolina, salt and iron filings?
Answer:

1. If a magnet is moved through this mixture all iron filings will stick to the magnet, remove them.
2. Add water to the remaining mixture, all salt will dissolve and then filter through filter paper.
3. Samolina will settle in filter paper.
4. The filtrate will be saltwater and salt can be separated by evaporation or distillation.

Use your brainpower!

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
In day to day life we come across many things in our surroundings. We touch them, we study their properties. Are all these things made from only one kind of matter or from more than one kind of matters?
Answer:

1. Things are made from only one kind of matter or may be made from more than one kind of matter.
2. When a matter is made up of only one type of atoms it is called an element.
3. We find many elements in our surroundings.
4. But we also see many substances which are made up of two or more elements they are called compounds.
5. Also we see many substances which are formed by physically mixing two or more elements, they are called mixtures.

Question 2.
Classify the following according to the nature of matter in them – whether it is made from one kind of matter or from more than one kind of matter, and whether it is in solid, liquid or gaseous state: an engraved idol, gold, milk, water, a plank, concrete, salt, soil, coal, smoke, sherbet, cooked khichadi, steam.
Answer:

Question 3.
Which of the following are mixtures?
(water, sharbet, iron, steel, coal, air, salt, copper, brass, soil)
Answer:
Mixtures: sherbet, steel, air, brass and soil

Question 4.
Which elements are present in air?
Answer:
Nearly all of the earth’s atmosphere is made up of gases → Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Argon and Neon, Helium and Krypton.

Question 5.
Is carbon dioxide an element?
Answer:
No, carbon dioxide is a compound. A molecule of the compound CO₂ contains one atom of the element carbon and two atoms of the element oxygen.

Question 6.
What are the properties of elements due to?
Answer:
Properties of elements are due to molecules present in it. The molecules are made of one or more atoms which are exactly alike. The mass and volume of atoms of different elements are different.

Question 7.
Are the atoms of different elements similar or dissimilar?
Answer:
The atoms of different elements are dissimilar.

Question 8.
Is the water that falls from clouds naturally pure?
Answer:

1. Any form of water that falls from the clouds is known as precipitation. Several forms → rain, snow, hail stones.
2. Yes, it is pure as water vapours condense to form rain.
3. The same process is used in distillation to obtain the purest water.

Question 9.
Which properties of a liquid are seen in the distillation method?
Answer:
Liquid when boiled turns into gaseous state (e.g. water vapours) and on cooling it condenses to liquid.

Question 10.
For what purposes is distilled water used?
Answer:
Distilled water is used in pharmacy as a solvent, in photography to wash the negatives, in laboratory experiments and in cleaning medical tools.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.a.
Take a piece of chalk and keep on dividing it in to smaller pieces, what will happen?
Answer:
We will get very tiny particles of chalk.

Question b.
Wipe a drop of ink with a handkerchief what effect does it have on the cloth of the handkerchief?
Answer:
The cloth will absorb the ink drop and cloth will have a stain mark on it.

Question c.
What happens when the lid of a bottle of perfume is opened?
Answer:
The molecules of perfume move out of the bottle and collide with other molecules in the air and eventually perfume spreads throughout the room.

Question 2.
Fill water in a spray pump, spray the water and observe the spray.
Answer:
When we spray the water, spray is composed of small particles of water. They are very tiny that we can not see them.

Question 3.
Take water in a tea pot and cover it, heat the water to a boil. What do you see on the inside of the lid?
Answer:

1.  When we boil the water in a tea pot it boils and changes into gaseous state.
2. We find vapours (steam) but when we cover it with a lid, the water vapour cools down, condenses into liquid. So we find water droplets on the inside of the lid.

Question 4.a.
Take sugar in a test tube and heat the test tube. Observe what happens. What remains behind?
Answer:
When a test tube containing sugar is heated, the sugar melts and then it loses water leaving behind a black substance. This black substance is carbon.
Sugar is sucrose, a molecule of sugar is composed of 12 atoms of carbon, 22 atoms of hydrogen and 11 atoms of oxygen. (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁).

1. Sugar is a compound made from these three elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
2. It is a Carbohydrate.

Question b.
Using tongs hold a magnesium ribbon in a flame and observe what changes took place?
Answer:
When a magnesium ribbon is ignited, light and heat are produced. Magnesium reacts chemically with oxygen in the air
2Mg_(s) + O_2(g) → 2MgO_(s)
Magnesium oxide is produced.

Question c.
What does the name carbon dioxide imply – how many and which elements is this substance made of?
Answer:

1. Carbon dioxide is a compound. It is a tasteless, odourless gas. It is a natural product of respiration.
2. Plants use this to produce food.
3. Humans breath out the CO₂.

[A molecule of the compound carbon dioxide contains one atom of the element carbon and two atoms of the element oxygen.]

Question d.
Which of these are compound, which are elements?
Answer:

• Water → compound H₂O (hydrogen + oxygen), Oxygen → Element
• Carbon dioxide → compound CO₂ (Carbon + Oxygen)

Question e.
What is the smallest particle of a compound called?
Answer:
The smallest particle of a compound is called molecule.

Question 5.
From the internet or reference books obtain information about elements and prepare a table according to the format given below:
Answer:

Question 6.
Some methods of separating the components of a mixture.

Answer:

1. Winnowing
2. Filteration
3. Hand picking
4. Churning
5. Sieving

Question 7.
What is a molecular formula?
Answer:
Like an element, a compound is also written in an abridged form. A molecule of a compound is formed by a chemical combination of atoms of two or more elements. Therefore a molecular formula is used to represent a compound. Molecular formula of a compound is a short form of its name written with the help of the symbols of constituent elements and the number of their respective atoms, e.g.: Nael – Sodium chloride.

Question 8.
Collect information and prepare table:

Write short notes on:

Question a.
Atoms
Answer:
Atoms are basic building blocks of matter. Desk, chair, air are made up of atoms.

Question b.
Compounds
Answer:
1. A compound is a pure substance that contains two or more elements. Compounds are chemical combination of elements with properties that are different from the elements that formed them.
2. Substance is a compound only if its molecules are made up of atoms of different types e.g. Water, one molecule of water is made of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.

Question c.
Mixtures
Answer:

1. A mixture is two or more elements or compounds which are combined physically but no chemical reaction occurs.
2. This means you can separate them again, e.g. air, brass.

Question 9.
Write short notes on:
(1) Distillation (2) Sublimation (3) Magnetic separation (4) Sedimentation (5) Filtration (6) Evaporation
Answer:
1. Distillation: It is a process of heating a solution containing soluble solids to form vapours of the liquid and then cooling the vapours to get the liquid back. e.g. A mixture of common salt and water is taken in distillation flask and heated. Steam rises up and comes out into condenser.

2. Sublimation: It is a process in which some solids on heating are transformed directly to vapour without passing through the liquid state, (i) It is used to separate a mixture of solids. The vapours are cooled separately, (ii) Used to separate ammonium chloride, iodine, camphor and sulphur from any mixture.

3. Magnetic separation: A mixture with iron fillings as one of the components can be separated using magnet to attract the iron particles away from the mixture.

4. Sedimentation: (i) It is a process of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid in which it is suspended, by allowing it to settle to the bottom of the container, e.g. Muddy water contains heavier particles like sand and soil, (ii) Leave this muddy water undisturbed for some time, (iii) The heavier soil and sand particles settle down and the clear upper water is poured out by decantation.

5. Filtration: It is used for separating insoluble solids from a liquid, e.g. mixture of chalk and water is poured through a filter paper in a funnel while the water gets collected in the beaker below, chalk is retained in the filter paper.

6. Evaporation: It is used for recovering dissolved solid substances from solutions by evaporation e.g. sugar can be recovered from sugar-water.

Question 10.
Name the method you will use to separate the following mixtures:

1. Cream from buttermilk.
2. Mud from muddy water.
3. Stones from grains.
4. Tea leaves from boiled tea.
5. Salt from water.
6. Kerosene and water.
7. Blood cells and plasma.
8. Ink from water

Answer:

1. Churning
2. Sedimentation and decantation
3. hand picking
4. filtration
5. distillation
6. separating funnel
7. Centrifugation
8. Chromatography

Question 11.
Draw the experimental setup of weperation using separating funnel:
Answer:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.4 Home Sweet Home Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.4 Home Sweet Home

Class 7 English Chapter 4.4 Home Sweet Home Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write in your own words.

Question a.
How does the poet glorify his home in the first stanza?
Answer:
The poet glorifies his home in the first stanza by saying that we may roam places and stay in palaces but like magic we will get drawn to our home however modest it may be because there
is no place in the world better than our own home.

Question b.
How does the poet describe his home in the second stanza?
Answer:
The poet in the second stanza there is says that all the wonders in the world nothing as compared to his modest home. It is in his humble dwelling that he gets peace of mind which is more precious than anything in the world.

Question c.
What makes the poet remember his mother?
Answer:
The poet spends long periods of time away from home and while gazing at the moon in a faraway place he remembers his mother who must be looking at the moon from their home and remembering her child.

Question d.
What does the poet miss?
Answer:
The poet misses his loving father’s smile and the soothing caress of his loving mother.

Question e.
What does the poet hope for?
Answer:
The poet hopes to return to the warmth and comfort of his humble home and remain there forever.

Question f.
In which professions is a person forced to stay away from his home/homeland for a long time? Try to guess why the poet is forced to stay away from his home.
Answer:
A person is forced to stay away from his home/ homeland for a long time if he is an artist – could be an actor, a writer, a model, a businessman, an interpreter, a trader, a dancer, a singer, etc. A poet needs to be constantly on the move so that he gets inspired to write and create poetry. I think this is the reason the poet is forced to stay away from home.

2. Write out a few things that you would really miss about your home if you were to stay away from it for long.

Question a.
Write out a few things that you would really miss about your home if you were to stay away from it for long.
Answer:

1. I would miss my family members in the first place.
2. I would miss my friends.
3. I would miss the food made at home by my mother.
4. I would miss the love and care I get from my parents and relatives.
5. I would miss the smell of my home, my bed.

Class 7 English Chapter 4.4 Home Sweet Home Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Questions.

Question 1.
State Whether the statements are True or False
1. Though we may roam around palaces, but there is no place like home.
2. The birds sings dolefully and does not respond to the poet’s call
Answer:
1. True
2. False

Poetic Devices.

Question 1.
Pick out the rhyming words from the extract.
Answer:
roam-home, there-elsewhere, rain-again, call-all.

Question 2.
Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam.
Answer:
Alliteration – The sound of ‘p’ is repeated for better poetic effect.

Question 3.
To thee I’ll return, overburdened with care. (Explain the line)
Answer:
The poet says that he’ll return home with a lot of worries.

Question 4.
Pick out the rhyming words from the extract.
Answer:

1. smile – beguile
2. roam – home
3. care – there

Question 5.
Write the rhyme scheme for the first four lines of the extract.
Answer:
The rhyme scheme is aabb.

Name the figures of speech for the following.

Question 1.
How sweet ’tis to sit ‘neath a fond Father’s smile.
Answer:
Alliteration – The sound of’ s’ and’ f’ is repeated for better poetic effect.

Question 2.
But give me, oh, give me, the pleasures of home.
Answer:
Repetition – The words ‘give me’ have been repeated for better poetic effect.

Question 3.
No more from that cottage again will I roam.
Answer:
Inversion – The words are not in order for better poetic effect. The right order is, ‘No more will I roam again from that cottage’.

Question 4.
Be a poet. Try and write a poem on ‘My Home’.
Answer:
My Home

I have a cosy little home,
Made of cement, bricks and dome.
It is coloured beautifully,
With everything arranged wonderfully.
We are a family of five,
When together we come alive.
A place where I can rest.
My home, it is the best.

Home Sweet Home Summary in English

The poet John Howard Payne through his poem conveys the message that ‘Home Sweet Home’ assurs us that there is no place better than home. It is a poem that reaches into the heart. He says that home is a place where we experience independence, safety, privacy and where we can dispense hospitality. The poet says that wherever we might roam or live, there is no comfort like home however big or small it is, because a home is where our family is.

Introduction:

The poem ‘Home Sweet Home’ was written by John Howard Payne, an American actor, poet, playright and author. ‘Home Sweet Home’ is a song adapted from Payne’s opera ‘Clari, the Maid of Milan’.

Glossary:

1. humble (adj) (here) – modest
2. charm (n) – an object believed to have magic powers
3. ‘neath (adj) – below or underneath
4. hallow (v) – to make holy
5. exile (n) – banished from one’s home or country
6. splendour (n)- magnificent
7. vain (adj) – useless
8. gayly (adv) – cheerfully, happily
9. dearer (adj) – precious or greatly valued by someone
10. gaze (v) – to stare intently
11. tread (v) – to walk
12. drear (adj) – cheerless
13. woodbine (n) – any of several climbing vines
14. fragrance (n) – pleasant smell
15. soothe (v) – comfort
16. beguile (v) – to charm, delight or captivate
17. overburdened (adj) – excessively burdened
18. care (n) (here) – worries
19. solace (n) – comfort in a time of loneliness or distress

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.6 A Collage Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.6 A Collage

Class 7 English Chapter 1.6 A Collage Textbook Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What did Swami Vivekanand make the world aware of?
Answer:
Swami Vivekanand made the world aware of the greatness of Indian Philosophy.

Question 2.
Why did Swami Vivekanand receive a standing ovation at the Parliament of World’s religions?
Answer:
At the Parliament of World’s religions, Swami Vivekanand began his speech with “Sisters and brothers of America!”. For these words, he received a standing ovation.

Question 3.
What did Swami Vivekanand emphasize upon?
Answer:
Swami Vivekanand emphasized the importance of selflessness and service to mankind.

Question 4.
What is Swami Vivekanand regarded as?
Answer:
Swami Vivekanand is regarded as a patriotic saint.

Question 5.
What is a collage?
Answer:
A collage is a collection of various materials such as pictures, articles and quotes, put together in an artistic and creative manner.

Question 6.
What does the collage given in the textbook talk about?
Answer:
The collage talks about Swami Vivekananda and displays a few famous quotes by him.

Question 7.
What can you include in a collage?
Answer:
Photographs, pictures, famous quotes/lines and information about a particular person can be included in a collage.

Question 8.
A mosaic is similar to a collage. Can you say how?
Answer:
A mosaic is a design that is formed by putting pieces of colourful glass, stones or tiles together in a creative manner/pattern, which sounds similar to a collage i.e. a collection of various pictures and quotes, put together in an artistic way.

Question 9.
Where can you see the collage pattern being used?
Answer:
The collage pattern can be seen in paintings, architectural work and photography.

Explain the quotes.

Question 1.
Arise! Awake! And stop not until the goal is reached.
Answer:
The given quote says that one should rise up to achieve one’s goal and until it is achieved, one should not stop to rest. Achieving one’s goal should be a relentless affair.

Question 2.
Talk to yourself atleast once in a day… otherwise you may miss a meeting with an excellent person in the world.
Answer:
The given quote says that each one of us is unique and excellent in our own way. We spend most of our lives talking to others but forget to have a conversation with ourselves and hence do not realize our own qualities.

Question 3.
Fill the brain with high thoughts, highest ideals. Place them day and night before you and out of that will come great work.
Answer:
High thoughts and high ideals act as an inspiration to achieve higher goals. Reading the life and work of great men motivates us to believe in ourselves. The outcome of which is great work.

Question 4.
Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life – think of it, live on that idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves every part of your body, be full of that idea, and just leave every other idea alone. This is way of success.
Answer:
Swami Vivekanand through these lines tells us to eat, sleep and breathe our dreams. We must focus on that one dream so much that it becomes our very life. Only when we completely focus our energy on that one dream and give our heart and soul to it, can we be successful.

Question 5.
Whatever you think, that you will be. If you think yourself weak, weak you will be. If you think yourself strong, strong you will be.
Answer:
The given lines emphasize the importance of thoughts. The quality of our thoughts determine the quality of our lives because we are what our thoughts are. So by carefully choosing empowering thoughts, we can become what we wish to become.

A Collage Summary in English

The lesson, presented in the form of a collage, talks about Swami Vivekanand, his beliefs, his work and his contribution. The lesson also has some of his famous quotes, each of which has a deep meaning to it.

Introduction:

A collage is a piece of art made by sticking various different materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric on to a background.

Glossary:

1. philosophy (n) – a theory or attitude that acts as a guiding principle for behaviour
2. emphasize (v) – give special importance to something
3. patriotic (adj) – having or expressingdevotion to one’s country
4. inspirational (adj) – something that encourages and inspires
5. ideal (n) – a principle
6. standing ovation (n) – display of appreciation by standing up and clapping continuously
7. collage (n) – a piece of art made by sticking various different materials such as photographs or pieces of paper or fabric ontoa larger and firmer surface.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 18 Sound: Production of Sound Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 18 Sound: Production of Sound

Class 7 Science Chapter 18 Sound: Production of Sound Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks:

Question a.
Sound is generated by the rhythmic ……………. of any object.
Answer:
vibrations

Question b.
The frequency of sound is measured in …………….. .
Answer:
Hertz (Hz)

Question c.
If …………….. of sound is decreased its loudness also decreases.
Answer:
intensity

Question d.
A medium is necessary for …………… of sound.
Answer:
generation

2. Match the pairs.

Question a.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Flute	a. Frequency less than 20 Hz
2. Frequency	b. Frequency more than 20,000 Hz
3. Sound level	c. Vibrations in the air
4. Ultrasonic sound	d. Measured in Hz
5. Infrasonic sound	e. Decibel

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Flute	c. Vibrations in the air
2. Frequency	d. Measured in Hz
3. Sound level	e. Decibel
4. Ultrasonic sound	b. Frequency more than 20,000 Hz
5. Infrasonic sound	a. Frequency less than 20 Hz

3. Give scientific reasons.

Question a.
In earlier times, people used to listen for the arrival of a distant train by putting their ear to the rails.
Answer:

1. It was a technique that worked better in those days when train speed were slower than they are today and when there were more rail joints.
2. When people would put their ear to the rail they could hear vibration caused by the wheels moving over the joints. ,
3. Metal being a solid is an efficient medium for the sound to travel and so the sound can propagate further in the rail than would in air as speed of sound is faster in solids than in air.

Question b.
The sounds generated by a tabla and sitar are different.
Answer:

1. In tabla where leather is fitted, sound gets generated when the leather surface is thumped by fingers or palm.
2. The waves thus created travel in two dimensions. Sitar is having strings attached to pumkin box called sound box.
3. Sounds generated by tabla and a sitar are different because they have different pitch and frequencies.

Question c.
If you were both on the moon your friend will not be able to hear you call.
Answer: Yes, your friend will not be able to hear your call because sound needs a medium for transmission since it is a mechanical wave it cannot travel through vaccum.

1. As there is no air on the moon and sound is actually vibration in air.
2. So astronauts communicate to each other by signals or microphones in space even when they are closer.

Question d.
We can hear the movement of a mosquito wings but we cannot hear the movement of our hands.
Answer:

1. Humans cannot hear frequency less than 20 Hz. In the movement of hands oscillations does take place but is less than frequency that humans can hear.
2. Mosquitos wings flap in air.
3. When they fly in air it produces buzzing sound in our ears.
4. The movement of mosquito wings produces sound greater than 20 Hz.
5. Sound is the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain.

4. Write answers to the following questions.

Question a.
How is sound produced?
Answer:

1. Sound is generated due to the vibration of an object, e.g. bell, string or diaphragm of a musical instrument.
2. Vibrations are imparted to the molecules in the air. These vibrations reach our ears through the air and sound is heard.
3. Vibrations of an object is necessary for generation of sound.
4. These vibrations in air are called travelling longitudinal waves which we can hear.

Question b.
What does the intensity of sound depend upon?
Answer:

1. The intensity of sound is proportional to the square of the amplitude of vibration, e.g. If the amplitude is doubled the intensity of sound becomes four times.
2. Therefore the loudness or softness of sound is dependent on the intensity of sound and sound level.

Question c.
Explain how the frequency of oscillation is related to the length of a pendulum and the amplitude of its oscillation.
Answer:

1. Given an oscillatory motion to the pendulum, the maximum distance between the original position A of the pendulum and extreme position B or C is called the amplitude of oscillation. AB, AC is the amplitude of oscillation.
2. The number of oscillations completed by an oscillator in one second is called the frequency of oscillation.

Relation between frequency and length of a pendulum: If the length of the pendulum increases the period of oscillations also increases.
We know time period of oscillations = \(\frac{1}{\text { Frequency }}\)
If time period increases, frequency decreases, therefore, if the length of the pendulum increases frequency will decrease.
Relation between frequency and amplitude: Frequency of oscillation is independent of its amplitude of oscillation.

Question d.
Explain the two ways by which the pitch of the sound generated by a stretched string can be changed?
Answer:
1. A string vibrates with a particular fundamental frequency. It is however possible to produce pitches with different frequencies from the same string.

2. The two properties of the string that affect its frequency are length and diameter.

3. When the length of a string is changed, it will vibrate with a different frequency. Shorter strings have higher frequency and therefore higher pitch.

4. When a musician presses her finger on a string, she shortens its length. The more fingers she adds to the string, the shorter she makes it, higher will be the pitch.
Diameter: Thick strings with large diameter vibrate slower and have lower frequency than the thin ones.

Project:

Question a.
The bat, a mammal, flies during the night manoeuvering with the help of the ultrasonic sounds it produces. Find out more about this.

Class 7 Science Chapter 18 Sound: Production of Sound Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Bats detect the obstacles in their path by receiving the reflected ………….. .
Answer:
ultrasonic waves

Question 2.
An object that moves back and forth is called ……………. .
Answer:
an oscillator

Question 3.
If the length of a pendulum is increased the time period of oscillation ………………. .
Answer:
increases

Question 4.
The …………… of a wave is the maximum distance moved by the object on either side of the mean position.
Answer:
amplitude

Question 5.
Sound waves do not travel through ……………… .
Answer:
vaccum

Question 6.
The frequency above which sound is not audible to the human ear is …………….. .
Answer:
50,000 Hz

Question 7.
Number of vibrations in a second is called …………….. .
Answer:
frequency

Question 8.
Higher the frequency greater will be the ………….. .
Answer:
Pitch

Question 9.
The loudness of sound depends on ………….. .
Answer:
amplitude

Question 10.
Loudness of sound is measured in units of ………………. .
Answer:
decibel dB

Question 11.
100 hertz is equal to hundred oscillations in ………………. .
Answer:
one second

Name the following:

Question 1.
The sound frequencies above 20,000 Hz.
Answer:
ultrasonic

Question 2.
The medium through which sound is most clearly propagated.
Answer:
solids

Question 3.
The range of frequency in which humans can hear sound.
Answer:
20 – 20,000 Hz

Question 4.
The sound level physically painful to humans.
Answer:
above 100 dB

Question 5.
The technique used by bats to find their way.
Answer:
echolocation

Question 6.
The unit of frequency of sound.
Answer:
Hertz

Question 7.
The unit of sound level or intensity.
Answer:
Decibel

Question 8.
The scientist in whose honour was the unit decibel named for intensity of sound.
Answer:
Alexander graham Bell

Question 9.
Bats and dolphins can hear these sound frequencies.
Answer:
Ultra sonic sound

Question 10.
The sound frequencies used in RADAR systems.
Answer:
Ultra sonic sound

Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
How is sound produced?
Answer:
Sound is produced by vibration of an object.

Question 2.
What produces sound in human beings ?
Answer:
The vibration of the vocal chords in our larynx or voice box produces sound.

Question 3.
What is oscillatory motion?
Answer:
To and fro motion of an object (oscillator) on either side of a central position is called oscillatory motion.

Question 4.
What is periodic motion?
Answer:
The motion of an object repeated again and again at fixed intervals of time is called periodic motion.

Question 5.
What is frequency of oscillation?
Answer:
The number of oscillations completed by an oscillator in one second is called the frequency of oscillation.

Question 6.
How is intensity of sound and amplitude of vibration related?
Answer:
The intensity of sound is proportional to the square of the amplitude of vibration. For example, if the amplitude is doubled the intensity becomes four times as much.

Question 7.
What happens if the frequency of sound is greater than 1000 Hz or 100 dB?
Answer:
If frequency of sound is increased more than 100dB, the hearing can be temporarily affected which can result in temporary deafness.

Question 8.
What is infrasonic sound?
Answer:
A sound with a frequency less than 20Hz is called infrasonic sound.

Question 9.
What is application of ultrasonic sound?
Answer:
Ultrasonic sound is used in ships as a system known as ‘SONAR’ to detect the obstacle beneath the ocean as well as the depth of an ocean.

Question 10.
What is the difference between pitch and frequency?
Answer:
Pitch is directly proportional to the frequency of a sound whereas frequency is the repeating vibrations per unit time.

Question 11.
What happens when the rubber band is stretched with a greater force and released?
Answer:
When a rubber is stretched with a greater force and released, the amplitude increases which in turn result in a louder sound being generated.

Question 12.
What happens to frequency if the amplitude is changed?
Answer:
The frequency remains the same even if the amplitude is increased or decreased.

Define:

1. Echo: It is a repetition of sound due to the reflection of original sound by a large and hard obstacle.
2. Frequency: It is defined as the number of vibrations per unit time.
3. Hertz (Hz): One hertz is one vibration per second.
4. Ultrasonic vibration: Sounds of frequency higher than 20,000 Hz are called the ultrasonic.
5. Time period: The time taken by an object to complete one oscillation is called time period.
6. Amplitude: The distance between the mean or central position to the extreme position of an oscillator on either side is called amplitude.

Say True or False with explanation:

Question 1.
Sound cannot travel in vacuum.
Answer:
True. Sound needs a medium to travel through. Since vacuum does not provide any medium, sound cannot travel through it.

Question 2.
If the amplitude of vibration is large, sound is feeble.
Answer:
False. When the amplitude of vibration of a sound is large, the sound is very loud. The sound is feeble, when the amplitude is small. Loudness of a sound is proportional to the square of the amplitude of its vibration.

Question 3.
For human ears, the audible range is 2 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
Answer:
True. Human being can hear sounds only within the range of 20-20,000 Hz. We cannot hear the sound having frequency out of this range.

Question 4.
The lower the frequency of vibrations the higher is the pitch.
Answer:
False. Pitch of sound increases when the frequency of vibration increases. The pitch of a sound is directly proportional to its frequency.

Question 5.
Unwanted or unpleasant sound is termed as music.
Answer:
False. Unwanted, or unpleasant sounds are termed noise. Sounds which are melodious, and pleasing to ears are called music.

Question 6.
Noise pollution may cause partial hearing impairment.
Answer:
True. Unwanted, unpleasant sounds are called noise. If one is subjected to noise continuously for a long time, one may suffer from partial hearing impairment.

Question 7.
Time taken by an object to complete one oscillation is called time period.
Answer:
True. Time taken by an object to complete one oscillation is called time period.

Solve the following problems:

Question 1.
A pendulum oscillates 40 times in 4 seconds. Find its time period and frequency.
Answer:
Frequency is the number of oscillations per second of a vibrating body.

The time taken to complete one oscillation (to and fro) is known, as time period.

Question 2.
The sound from a mosquito, is produced when it vibrates its wings at an average rate of 500 vibrations per second. What is the time period of the vibration?
Answer:
The time taken to complete one oscillation (to and fro) is know as time period.

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
Loud speakers should not be put in congested areas.
Answer:

1. The loudness or softness is indicated by the intensity of sound and sound level.
2. By putting loud speakers in congested areas, the intensity of sound being more than 100 dB will cause ill effects like temporary deafness and a prolonged exposure can lead to permanent damage.

Answer the following:

Question 1.
Why are the ceilings of concert halls curved?
Answer:
The ceilings of concert halls are curved because sound after reflection from the ceiling it reaches all the comers of the hall and is audible to each person in the hall.

Question 2.
Have you ever heard the sound of movement of hands and falling of leaves from a tree?
Answer:

1. The term infrasonic refer to sound waves below the frequencies of audible sound i.e. under 20 Hz.
2. Humans cannot hear infrasonic sound.
3. Movement of hands and falling of leaves comes below this audible range. Therefore we cannot hear these sounds.

Question 3.
How can dogs perceive in advance the signals of an impending earthquake?
Answer:
Dogs can hear sounds upto about 65,000 Hz. That’s why dogs can receive ultrasonic sound signals produced by the vibration of the earth and start barking in advance before the actual earthquake is felt.

Question 4.
State the uses of Ultrasonic sound.
Answer:
Uses of Ultrasonic sound are:

1. To clean delicate ornaments and the tiny parts of a watch.
2. To observe internal organs of the body.
3. To detect tumors in the brain.
4. To detect faults in a metal.
5. In RADAR systems
6. To Kill certain microbes and insects.
7. SONAR (Sound navigation and ranging) is used to locate the seabed or the position of a ship.

Use your brainpower!

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Will a sound be generated no matter how the ruler is kept on the table.

Answer:

1. No, If the ruler kept on the table is only a little part off the table, it will not vibrate with a greater force.
2. On the contrary if the ruler is kept with a larger portion off the table it will vibrate with a greater force generating louder sound.

Question 2.
Is there any correlation between the length of the free part of the ruler and the sound generated?
Answer:
Yes, vibrating ruler pushes the molecules in the air producing sound waves. More the length of free part of ruler less will be the vibrations and less will be the frequency and pitch of the sound. If the length of free part of ruler is shorter it vibrates more quickly producing sound of higher frequency and pitch.

Question 3.
If the ruler is plucked while it is held with 25 cm of it off the table, does it makes any sound? If there is no sound, look for the reason why it is so?
Answer:
No, the ruler vibrates very slowly, which has frequency which is not audible.

Question 4.
What would be the difference perceived between hearing only two pupils in the class talking to each other and all the children talking to one another at the same time?
Answer:

1. When two pupils talk to each other, the sounds of two frequencies produced can be heard clearly.
2. When all the children talk to one another sounds of many frequencies produced can not be heard clearly.
3. Sound level will be more creating loud noise.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands

Class 7 English Chapter 1.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Textbook Questions and Answers

1. This passage contains four different types of invitations. They are:
A: A formal invitation
C: An oral invitation
B: A notice
D: Another oral invitation
Read each invitation carefully, keeping in mind the list of eight questions given below. Note the answers in your notebook. Verify that the formal invitation ‘A’ covers all the eight points.

1. Who is sending/giving the information?
2. What is the programme?
3. What is the name of the project?
4. Who will inaugurate it?
5. Who will preside over the function?
6. What time will the function start?
7. Where will it take place?
8. How many names get mentioned in the invitation?

Now see which of these eight points are covered in the other invitations ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’. Put tickmarks against the points that are covered.

2. Prepare a formal invitation for a function you have arranged at home.
It should clearly state the following points:

• Who is inviting people to the function.
• What the programme is.
• The date and time.
• The venue. (The place where
• A polite request to attend the function. the function will take place.

Question 1.
Prepare a formal invitation for a function you have arranged at home.
Answer:

3. Write an imaginary telephone conversation in which you invite your friend to the above function.

Question 1.
Write an imaginary telephone conversation in which you invite your friend to the above function.
Answer:

• • Mohan: Hello! Could I speak to Shashank.
  • Shashank: Yes, speaking.
  • Mohan: Hi! I have called you up to invite you to the house-warming ceremony of our new home.
  • Shashank: Oh, thanks. Where have you shifted your residence?
  • Mohan: Very close to you. We are now at Shri Laxmi Niwas.
  • Shashank: Next to Blue Dales School?
  • Mohan: Yes, you got it right. Please do come with your parents.
  • Shashank: My parents are out, in Pune for about a week. When is the function?
  • Mohan: On the 25th of this month. It is a Sunday.
  • Shashank: Yes, they will be back by then. When should we come?
  • Mohan: The pooja will begin at 11.00 am.
  • Shashank: I will surely be there.
  • Mohan: Thanks. See you then.
  • Shashank: You’re welcome. See you, bye.

4. Imagine someone has invited your family to a programme and you were the only person at home when the invitation was given orally. Write a note (4-5 lines) to pass on the message to the other people in your family. Or, Write an imaginary conversation in which you pass on the message to your parents.

Question 1.
Imagine someone has invited your family to a programme and you were the only person at home when the invitation was given orally. Write a note (4-5 lines) to pass on the message to the other people in your family. Or, Write an imaginary conversation in which you pass on the message to your parents.
Answer:
Dear Mom and Dad,
Sudhir uncle has invited us for a surprise birthday party given for Anita aunty, tomorrow, 8th November at Grand Central Hotel at 7.00 pm.

Mona.

Class 7 English Chapter 1.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Find different ways in which you can send an invitation using the internet.
Answer:
Through the internet an invitation can be sent via email, WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter and other such social networking sites.

Question 2.
Many times the school authorities have to communicate with your parents. How is it done in school? How are written communications sent?
Answer:
In my school, written communications are sent through notices, SMS, Telephone, invitation cards, web pages, newsletters, quarterly report card comments and via school staff such as the peon or an attendant.

Question 3.
When do we write formal invitations and why?
Answer:
The write formal invitations for a formal event to invite the people with whom we want to celebrate and also the people we are close to. The best way to invite people to such planned events is by sending them a formal invitation. Another important reason behind writing an invitation is that it gives our invitees proper information regarding the programme, its time, date and venue.

Question 4.
What are some ways in which you can send invitations to your family and friends, apart from using the internet?
Answer:
Some other ways in which we can send invitation to our family and friends are as follows:

1. By using Indian Postal Service.
2. Using SMS or mobile phone.
3. Hand delivering.
4. Through telephone call and
5. Through courier.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Principal	Teacher in-charge	Presiding dignitary	School
Suhasini Ambekar	V. S. Ajinkya	Dr. A. M. Dr. A. M. Chaudhary, Dean	New Vision High School

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Who prepared the formal invitation?
Answer:
The Principal prepared the formal invitation.

Question 2.
Where is the venue of inauguration?
Answer:
The venue of the inauguration is the Assembly Hall of New Vision High School, Off Main street, Girgaon.

Question 3.
Who are the student secretaries?
Answer:
The student secretaries are Komal Shelar and Nitin Valke.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Make verb forms.
Answer:

• invitation – invite
• vision – envision

Question 2.
Give homophones of the following words from the passage.
Answer:

• maid – made
• knew – new

Grammar:

Question 1.
The art teacher and her students made copies of it. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
The art teacher and her students made copies of it, didn’t they?

Question 2.
We solicit your presence at the inauguration of the project. (Write in question form)
Answer:
Don’t we solicit your presence at the inauguration of the project?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What according to you is a formal invitation?
Answer:
A formal invitation is a letter or a card in which the important person is courteously requested to attend an important event.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
State whether the statements are true or false.
1. The News Editor will not be sent an official invitation.
2. The News Editor refused to come for the function.
Answer:
1. False
2. False

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
What is the purpose of the project?
Answer:
The purpose of the project is to make students aware of their social responsibilities.

Question 2.
Why was Mr. Shashank invited?
Answer:
Mr. Shashank, Newspaper Editor, was invited to cover the function prominently.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Make a sentence using the phrase/idiom ‘to set a trend’.
Answer:
Their school is setting new trends in Activity based learning.

Question 2.
Pick out words that mean.
1. Notice or attention given to someone or something by the media.
2. To a large extent.
Answer:
1. publicity
2. prominently

Grammar:

Question 1.
I have made a note of it. (Change the voice)
Answer:
A note of it has been made by me.

Question 2.
The project is an important one. (Make exclamatory)
Answer:
What an important one the project is!

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think it is a good idea to invite a Newspaper Editor to such programmes? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is a good idea to cover such programmes done for a noble cause in the newspaper, as it sets a trend for other schools to follow and children also become aware of their social responsibilities.

Language Study:

Do as directed.

Question 1.
“Mummy, you and Daddy are invited to our school on Sunday, the ninth” said Sameer.
(Write in indirect speech)
Answer:
Sameer informed his mother and father that both she and daddy were invited to his school on Sunday, the ninth.

Question 2.
We are all going to visit places. (Rewrite in past perfect tense)
Answer:
We had all gone to visit places.

Question 3.
I see. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
I see, don’t I?

Question 4.
Daddy and I can’t both go. (Remove negative)
Answer:
Either Daddy or I can go.

Question 5.
Teachers made phone calls to some special invitees. (Frame a wh- question to get the underlined part as an answer)
Answer:
Who made phone calls to some special invitees?

Question 6.
Write the noun forms of.

1. inaugurate
2. converse
3. participate

Answer:

1. inauguration
2. conversation
3. participation

Question 7.
Write noun for the following ending in ’-er’ or ’-or’ to show the work or function or description of the person:

1. help
2. edit
3. visit
4. speak
5. teach
6. preach

Answer:

1. helper
2. editor
3. visitor
4. speaker
5. teacher
6. preacher

Writing Skills:

With your teacher’s help, get two or three specimens of the notices/announcements put up on the school notice board.

Question 1.
Specimen 1
Answer:

Question 2.
Specimen 2
Answer:
Announcement:
This is to inform the students of Std. VIII that the Nature Club has organized a one day nature trail to CEC at BNHS, Goregaon on 26th July, 2017. The timing for the same is 7.00 am to 5.00 pm. Students interested in going for the trail should register their names with the Nature Club advisor, Mrs. Ketki Dhuri by paying Rs. 500/-(Inclusive of transport and entry fees).

– By Order

Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Summary in English

The lesson discusses various means of sending an invitation for an inaugural function in New Vision High School. Formal invitation, oral invitation and notice being some of them. With the help of a sample invitation the lesson conveys that one can choose among various means of communication, the one that best suits one’s need.

Introduction:

Communication is a vital tool. In today’s times, with the rise in technological media, communication has undergone a drastic change. From letters to emails; invitations and messages can be sent in a short time.

Glossary:

1. inauguration (n) – the beginning or introduction of something ‘
2. scheduled (v) – to arrange that an event or activity will happen at a particular time
3. formal (adj) – done in accordance with convention or etiquette
4. sample (n) – a specimen
5. conversation (n) – a talk, especially an informal one
6. to set a trend – to do something that becomes accepted or fashionable, something that a lot of other people copy
7. accompany (v)-to go along with someone
8. specimens (n) – examples of something; samples
9. solicit (v) – to formally ask for help
10. preside (v) – to be in charge of a formal meeting or ceremony
11. invitee (n) – person who is invited
12. sec. – short form for second
13. trend (n) – a general direction in which something is developing or changing
14. prominently (adv) – in a way that many people will know about it

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 13 Changes – Physical and Chemical Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 13 Changes – Physical and Chemical

Class 7 Science Chapter 13 Changes – Physical and Chemical Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Distinguish between the following.

Question a.
Physical change and Chemical change
Answer:

Physical changes	Chemical changes
1. In a physical change material may change its	1. A change which after physical properties and
shape, size, texture or state.	composition also.
2. No new compound is formed.	2. New compound /substance is formed due to chemical change.
3. The change is temporary. It is reversible.	3. The change is permanent and irreversible.
4. Examples: Evaporation of water, boiling of water, melting of ice.	4. Examples: Burning of wood, paper, souring of milk, digestion of food, rusting of iron.

Question b.
Periodic changes and Non-periodic change
Answer:

Periodic changes	Non-periodic change
1. Some changes occur again and again after a definite interval of time. Such changes are called periodic changes.	1. In this, certain changes will recur after one occurrence, it cannot be said for sure, even if they occur interval is not fixed. Such changes are called non-periodic changes.
2.  Examples: movement of clock hands in clock showing time, change of season, day and night formation, heart beat, ripening of fruit, rising and setting of the sun.	2. Examples: volcanic eruption, occurrence of an earthquake, tsunami, forest fires, freezing of water to form ice, sneezing, rusting of iron.
3. They repeat themselves after a fixed interval of time.	3. They do not repeat themselves after a fixed interval of time.

Question c.
Natural change and Man-made change
Answer:

Natural change	Man-made change
1. Changes that occur naturally on its own are called natural changes.	1. Changes that are result of human activity. Such changes are called man-made.
2. Examples ripening of a fruit, spoiling of milk, change in the climate	2. Burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, pollution of air, water and soil.

2. Under which different types can the following changes be classified?

Question a.
Conversion of milk into yoghurt.
Answer:
Manmade (useful).

Question b.
Bursting of cracker.
Answer:
Manmade (fast change).

Question c.
Occurrence of an earthquake.
Answer:
Non-periodic.

Question d.
Revolution of earth around the sun.
Answer:
Periodic. (Natural change)

Question e.
Stretching of a spring.
Answer:
Physical, reversible change.

3. Give reasons.

Question a.
While purchasing canned food, its expiry date should be checked.
Answer:

1. Canned food is processed food.
2. After certain period of time it may get spoilt due to some growth of micro-organism it may get intoxicated.
3. If we consume such food we may get food poisoning, so we should check the expiry date.

Question b.
An iron article should be given a coat of paint.
Answer:

1. When an iron article is kept for long time it gets corroded due to presence of oxygen in atmosphere.
2. Iron gets oxidized to iron oxide which forms a reddish brown layer on it and iron gets rusted.
3. It is called corrosion. Due to corrosion things become weak.
4. So an iron article should be given a coat of paint so that it is protected against corrosion.
5. Paint gives protection to iron.

Question c.
A Wooden article should be polished.
Answer:

1. When a wooden article comes in contact with moisture there is possibility of fungal growth and also termites will make wooden article brittle and break.
2. So a wooden article should be polished which forms a protective layer.
3. It does not allow the wooden article to get decayed by moisture or attacked by termite.

Question d.
Copper and brass utensils should be tinned.
Answer:

1. Due to corrosion of copper or brass a greenish layer is seen to form on it.
2. So to protect copper and brass utensils from corrosion they are coated with tin.
3. This process is called thinning.

Question e.
A dry handkerchief gets wet at once on dipping in water, but it takes long for a wet handkerchief to dry.
Answer:

1. The dry fibres of handkerchief absorbs water to its maximum capacity immediately that is why handkerchief gets wet at once.
2. When wet handkerchief dries, all the water absorbed has to become water vapour by evaporation.
3. This depends on surrounding air and heat.
4. That is why wet handkerchief takes a long time to dry.

4. What will you take into account while identifying the following:

Question a.
A physical change in a substance.
Answer:
I will take into account the following facts.

1. Whether the shape, size or state of the substance is changed.
2. Whether it is a temporary change.
3. Whether it is a reversible change.

Question b.
A chemical change in a substance.
Answer:
I will take into account the following facts.

1. Whether a new substance is formed.
2. Whether it is a permanent change.
3. Whether it is a non-reversible change.

5. Read the paragraph and note down the various types of changes it mentions.

Question a.
Read the paragraph and note down the various types of changes it mentions.
It was nearing six o’clock in the evening. The sun was setting. A breeze was blowing. Leaves on the tree were shaking. Sahil was sitting in the courtyard, rolling balls of wet soil and shaping them into various toys. Then he felt hungry and went into the house. Mother made a dough from wheat flour and fried purees. While eating hot purees, his attention was drawn outside the window. It had started raining. There was lighting too. Sahil was enjoying his dinner in the dim light.
Answer:

1. Clock showing six o’clock time – It is a periodic change.
2. Sun was setting – A periodic change.
3. Breeze was blowing – A natural change.
4. Leaves shaking – A natural change.
5. Making toys from wet soil – Physical change.
6. Making dough from wheat flour – Physical change
7. Frying purees – Chemical change.
8. Raining – Natural change.
9. Lightning – Natural change.

Project:

Question a.
Visit a place where work like powder coating. spray painting is done. Make a note of the information you obtain.

Class 7 Science Chapter 13 Changes – Physical and Chemical Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks and rewrite the sentences:

Question 1.
Burning of candle is a ………………. change.
Answer:
chemical

Question 2.
Cooking of vegetable is ………………. change.
Answer:
useful

Question 3.
A man painted his main gate made up of iron to prevent it from ………………. .
Answer:
rusting

Question 4.
Galvanization is a process used to prevent the rusting of ………………. .
Answer:
iron

Question 5.
Making sugar solution is a ………………. change.
Answer:
physical

Question 6.
A physical change is generally ………………. .
Answer:
temporary

Question 7.
Grinding of wheat grain changes its size, it is a ………………. .
Answer:
physical change

Question 8.
Iron benches kept in lawns and gardens get rusted. It is a change because a new ………………. is formed.
Answer:
chemical, product.

State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct and rewrite the false statement:

Question 1.
Iron and rust are the same substance.
Answer:
False, Rust is oxide of iron.

Question 2.
Iron pipes coated with zinc do not get rusted easily.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change.
Answer:
False, it is a chemical change.

Question 4.
Cutting a log of wood into pieces is a chemical change.
Answer:
False, it is a physical change.

Question 5.
Digestion of food is a chemical change.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Melting of wax is a chemical change.
Answer:
False, it is a physical change.

Question 7.
Dissolving sugar in water is physical change.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Changes in which new substances are formed are called physical changes.
Answer:
False, they are called chemical change.

Question 9.
Breaking down of larger food particles into smaller particles is a chemical change.
Answer:
False, it is a chemical change.

Question 10.
Setting of curd is a physical change.
Answer:
False, it is a chemical change.

Question 11.
Heating of iron is a physical change.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
Cooking a vegetable is chemical change.
Answer:
True

Question 13.
Freezing water into ice is a chemical change.
Answer:
False, it is a physical change

Define the following.

Question 1.
Physical change:
Answer:
In a physical change the material may change shapes or forms but no new compounds are formed and change can generally be reversed by reversing the conditions.

Question 2.
Chemical change
Answer:
A chemical change produces a new substance having new and different properties and which cannot be reversed by reversing the conditions.

Question 3.
Periodic change
Answer:
Some changes occur again and again after . a definite interval of time, such changes are called periodic changes.

Question 4.
Non-periodic change
Answer:
Changes that do not repeat themselves after a fixed interval of time are called non-periodic changes.

Question 5.
Reversible change
Answer:
The changes that can occur in a forward and reverse direction again and again are called reversible changes.

Question 6.
Irreversible change.
Answer:
The changes which we cannot reverse back to same thing are called Irreversible changes e.g. Burning of wood, paper.

Question 7.
Condensation
Answer:
The process by which matter changes from its vapour or gaseous state into its liquid state by cooling is called condensation.

Question 8.
Corrosion of metals
Answer:
When an iron article rusts, a reddish brown layer (of iron oxide) forms on it. A greenish layer is seen to form on a copper article. This is called corrosion of metals.

Question 9.
Galvanization
Answer:
Iron articles are given a thin coat of zinc to prevent corrosion this is called galvanization.

Question 10.
Tinning
Answer:
Copper and brass articles are coated with tin. This is called tinning.

Question 11.
Natural change
Answer:
Changes that occur naturally like ripening of a fruit, spoiling of milk are called natural changes.

Question 12.
Man-made change
Answer:
Man-made changes are result of human- activity. E.g. Burning of fossil fuel.

Question 13.
Useful change
Answer:
Many changes such as baking bread, cooking food are useful to us, they are called useful changes.

Question 14.
Harmful change
Answer:
The changes that are not useful or changes that harms living things or the environment are called harmful changes.

Name or Give two example of:

Question 1.
Two physical changes.
Answer:

1. Melting of wax
2. Melting of ice

Question 2.
Two chemical changes.
Answer:

1. Burning of wax candle
2. Burning of wood or paper.

Question 3.
Two periodic changes.
Answer:

1. Occurrence of day and night
2. change of seasons

Question 4.
Two non-periodic changes.
Answer:

1. A meteor moving across the sky.
2. A bird sitting on a tree flies away.

Question 5.
Two reversible changes.
Answer:

1. Melting of wax.
2. Freezing water into ice.

Question 6.
Two irreversible changes.
Answer:

1. Ripening of a mango.
2. Burning of wood

Question 7.
Two natural changes.
Answer:

1. Lighting in the sky.
2. Earthquake.

Question 8.
Two manmade changes.
Answer:

1. Baking bread
2. Cooking food.

Question 9.
Two useful changes.
Answer:

1. Ripening of mango
2. Curdling of milk.

Question 10.
Two harmful changes.
Answer:

1. Spoiling of milk.
2. Air pollution.

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Photosynthesis	a. Physical change.
2. Dissolving sugar in water	b. Chemical change
3. Burning of wood	c. Man-made change.
4. Melting of wax	d. Periodic changes.
5. Digestion of food	e. Non-periodic change
6. Heartbeat	f. Chemical change.
7. Occurrence of earthquake.	g. Physical change.
8. Deforestation	h. Chemical change.

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Photosynthesis	b. Chemical change
2. Dissolving sugar in water	a. Physical change.
3. Burning of wood	f. Chemical change.
4. Melting of wax	g. Physical change.
5. Digestion of food	h. Chemical change.
6. Heartbeat	d. Periodic changes.
7. Occurrence of earthquake.	e. Non-periodic change
8. Deforestation	c. Man-made change.

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Depositing a layer of zinc on Iron	a. Tinning
2. Souring of milk	b. Rust
3. Curdling of milk	c. Galvanization
4. Iron oxide	d.  Chemical changes
5. Depositing layer of tin on copper and brass article.	e. Man-made changes.

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Depositing a layer of zinc on Iron	c. Galvanization
2. Souring of milk	d.  Chemical changes
3. Curdling of milk	e. Man-made changes.
4. Iron oxide	b. Rust
5. Depositing layer of tin on copper and brass article.	a. Tinning

Distinguish between the following.

Question 1.
Reversible change and Irreversible change
Answer:

Reversible change	Irreversible change
1. The changes that can occur in a forward and reverse direction again and again is called reversible.	1. The changes which we can not reverse back to some thing are called irreversible change.
2. E.g.: (a) Melting a wax candle and obtaining the original solid wax again, (b) Stretching a rubber or spring.	2. E.g.: Burning of paper or wood cannot be undone. Wood cannot be obtained from the ash.

Under which different types can be following changes be classified:

Question 1.
Formation of curd from milk.
Answer:
Manmade change (useful), chemical

Question 2.
Burning of wood or paper.
Answer:
Manmade, chemical change.

Question 3.
Glowing of bulb.
Answer:
Manmade (fast).

Question 4.
Rusting of iron.
Answer:
Chemical change (harmful)

Question 5.
Burning of Camphor.
Answer:
Chemical change

Question 6.
Souring of milk.
Answer:
chemical change (harmful)

Question 7.
Digestion of food.
Answer:
Chemical change (useful), irreversible

Question 8.
Change of season.
Answer:
Periodic change, natural change

Question 9.
Day and night formation.
Answer:
Periodic change

Question 10.
Heartbeat.
Answer:
Periodic change

Question 11.
Water pollution.
Answer:
Manmade, harmful change

Question 12.
Air pollution.
Answer:
Manmade, harmful change

Question 13.
Burning of fossil fuel
Answer:
Manmade (irreversible change)

Question 14.
Ripening of fruit.
Answer:
Natural, chemical

Question 15.
Change-in climate.
Answer:
Natural, periodic

Question 16.
Melting of ice into water
Answer:
Physical change

Question 17.
Germination of seed.
Answer:
Natural, slow, desirable.

Question 18.
Bursting of balloon.
Answer:
Irreversible change (fast).

Give reasons:

Question 1.
The burning of wax is a chemical change
Answer:

1. Because when the cotton wick embedded in the candle is burnt, ash and smoke is formed.
2. It is not possible to make wick again from the smoke and ash.

Can you tell?

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
We see many man-made materials in our day-to-day life. For what purpose are they produced.
Answer:
We see many man-made matrical in our day to day life. For example,

1. Air conditioners for getting cool air in houses offices and cars.
2. Wooden furniture made from wood obtained by cutting trees.
3. Refrigerators to protect food from spoiling.

Question 2.
You made a link from the glass piece. How will you change the shape of the link to give it its original shape?
Answer:
Heat the glass piece again at the link. When it becomes soft break it.

Question 3.
How will you restore the original candle after melting one ?
Answer:
Collect the melted wax and give the required shape when it is soft.

Question 4.
What comes after daytime?
Answer:
Night time (periodic change)

Question 5.
What is the next stage after sunrise?
Answer:
Sunset (periodic change)

Question 6.
What comes after a high tide in the sea?
Answer:
Low tide (periodic)

Question 7.
A bird sitting on a tree flies away.
Answer:
non-periodic change.

Question 8.
A meteor streaking across the sky.
Answer:
non-periodic change.

Use your brainpower!

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What kind of change is the falling of a tree in a storm?
Answer:
Natural change.

Question 2.
What kind of a change is the conversion of milk into yoghurt?
Answer:
Manmade ‘ change, useful change and a chemical change

Question 3.
What is meant by irreversible change? Give some examples.
Answer:

1. An irreversible change is a permanent change that cannot be undone, cannot reverse it back to original substance.
2. In irreversible change new materials are always formed.
3. Irreversible changes are permanent changes.
4. Heating, burning, mixing, powdering are few processes which causes irreversible changes.

Examples:

• burning of paper or wood
• cooking of raw egg.

Question 4.
Which type of change is the change of seasons from summer to rains to winter?
Answer:
Natural and periodic change

Question 5.
Which hands of a clock show periodic changes from 6.00 am to 6.00 pm? How many times?
Answer:
Small (hour) hand (12 times).

Question 6.
Which of the following are physical changes and which are chemical changes?
(making a table from wood, burning wood, breaking of a glass object, ripening of a tomato, rusting of iron.
Answer:

Physical	Chemical
1. Making a table from wood	1. Burning wood
2. Breaking of a glass object	2. Rusting of iron
	3. Ripening of a tomato

Question 7.
What are periodic and non-periodic changes?
Answer:
1. We find that some changes occur again and again after a definite interval of time. Such changes are called Periodic changes, e.g. Sunrise and Sunset.
2. On the other hand, it cannot be ‘Slid for sure when certain changes will recur after one occurrence. Even if they recur, the time interval is not fixed. Such changes are called non-periodic changes, e.g. A meteor streaking across the sky.

Question 8.a.
Which changes shown in the pictures below are temporary.

Answer:
(b) Removing iron nails with help of magnet
(d) Conversion of ice cubes into water.

Question b.
Which of the changes are permanent?
Answer:
Bud blooming into flower.

Question c.
In which did the original matter undergo a change?
Answer:

1. In permanent change
2. Bud blooming into flower.

Question d.
In which the original matter remain unchanged?
Answer:
In temporary changes
(b) iron nails
(d) ice cubes.

Question e.
In which of the changes was a new substance with a new property formed?
Answer:

1. Bud blooming into flower.
2. Ice to water, Ice is in solid state, Water is in liquid state.

Question 9.
Give some examples of fast and slow changes that occur in your surroundings.
Answer:

Fast	Slow
1. Burning of paper or wood	1. rusting of iron
2. Burning of candle	2. germination of seeds
3. Bursting of a balloon	3. curdling of milk
4. Bursting of crackers	4. ripening of a fruit

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 17 Effects of Light Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 17 Effects of Light

Class 7 Science Chapter 17 Effects of Light Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks.

Question a.
When the beams from the headlights of a car fall on an object in the night, the shadows – called ………. and ………… . can be seen.
Answer:
umbra, penumbra

Question b.
During a lunar eclipse the shadow of the …………. falls on the ………. .
Answer:
earth, moon

Question c.
During a solar eclipse the shadow of the ………. falls on the ………… .
Answer:
moon, earth

Question d.
Various shades of colour are seen in the sky at sunrise and sunset due to ……….. .
Answer:
scattering of light

2. Give reasons.

Question a.
Space beyond the earth’s atmosphere appears dark.
Answer:

1. Space beyond the earth’s atmosphere does have some gas and cosmic dust but there is not any atmosphere.
2. As there are no particles to scatter the sunlight, the space appears black.

Question b.
We are able to read while sitting in the shade.
Answer:

1. We are able to read because the sun light which falls on the book is scattered and reaches our eyes.
2. While sitting in the shade our eyes adjust to the environment and to amount of light available. That is how we are able to read.

Question c.
We should not observe the solar eclipse with naked eyes.
Answer:

1. During a solar eclipse ultra-violet rays which are harmful to us reach the earth and may lead to eclipse blindness or retinal bums and cataracts.
2. In order to protect our eyes a solar eclipse should never be watched with the naked eye.
3. A special type of goggles should be used for this.

3. Give some examples of scattering of light that we come across in day to day life.

Question a.
Give some examples of scattering of light that we come across in day to day life.
Answer:

1. The formation of rainbow, shift in position of stars, increased day time, mirage, inverted image, glittering of diamond, the working of lens and prism, bending of pen in water are examples of scattering of light.
2. The blue colour of the sky is due to the scattering of sunlight by the molecules of air.
3. During sunrise and sunset, sunlight has to travel greater distance, so shorter wavelength gets scattered off and removed and only orange and red with longer wavelengths reach us.
4. So during sunrise and sunset, sky appears fed and orange.

4. Why is the shadow of a bird flying high not seen on the earth?

Question a.
Why is the shadow of a bird flying high not seen on the earth?
Answer:

1. Birds flying high in the sky do cast their shadow but because they are shading an area that is very tiny the shadow is not visible.
2. The higher the bird flies, the smaller the shadow it casts.
3. Also when the bird flies high, the dark part of the shadow that is called Umbra does not reach the ground so we do not see its shadow.

5. Why is a penumbra not obtained from a point source?

Question a.
Why is a penumbra not obtained from a point source?
Answer:

1. The umbra, penumbra are the distinct parts of a shadow, created by any light source after striking on an opaque object.
2. For a point source, only the umbra is cast sharp dark shadow and not penumbra, because all the light of the point source will be blocked by any shadowing object.
3. Whereas penumbra forms only when some of the light from the source gets blocked by the shadowing object and not all of it does.

6. Answer the following questions in your own words.

Question a.
What is meant by scattering of light?
Answer:

1. Scattering of light is the deviation of light rays from its straight path.
2. As light propagates through the atmosphere, it travels in a straight path until it is obstructed by bits of dust or gas molecules in the atmosphere
3. The process in which light gets deflected by the particles in the medium through which the light passes is called scattering, e.g. The blue colour of the sky is due to the scattering of sunlight by the molecules of air.

Question b.
Does the shadow really vanish in the zero shadow condition?
Answer:
1. Yes, the day on which the sun reaches exactly overhead, at noon, shadow completely disappears.
‘This event can be seen in the region between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) and Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S).
2. The shadow diminishes and eventually disappears for a while only to reappear later.

Question c.
Will the laser beam be seen if it passes through a glass box which contains a lighted incense stick?
Answer:
Yes, it will be seen.

7. Discuss and write:

Question a.
Write a science based paragraph on ‘What if the sun did not rise’?
Answer:

1. The sun is a star and the centre of our solar system. Everything in our solar system revolves around the sun.
2. If the sun were to suddenly disappear, Earth and the other planets would retain their forward motion, effectively flying off into outer space in a straight line.
3. If the Sun didn’t rise means the Earth’s rotation had come to a screeching halt.
4. Sunrise and sunset are a result of the earth’s rotation so we will not get to see sunrise or sunset. Earth’s spinning generates the magnetic field at the core and it is saving us from harmful rays from the sun.
5. Without sun it would be very dark. No sun means no plants and no animals. Of course, without sun none of us would even exist.
6. Moon will disappear, because the moon dose not produce light. We only see the moon because sunlight is reflected by the moon.
7. Without the sun’s warmth, Earth would quickly become a much colder place. Life would be difficult, oceans will freeze.
8. Without sun rays, all photosynthesis on earth would stop. All plants would die.
9. All animals that rely on plants for food, including humans would die.

Question b.
What efforts will you make to remove the misconceptions about eclipses?
Answer:
Solar, lunar eclipse have been traditionally observed as an ominous sign and therefore superstitions are prevalent in association with these natural phenomena.
1. All these misconceptions should be removed by explaining scientifically the process of eclipse how it happens: (a) Explain with the help of diagram and models of sun, moon and earth, (b) Explain how special glasses which will protect us from UV rays, and excess heat can be used to observe eclipses safely.
2. Also inform that eclipses are natural phenomena and can be predicted in advance.

Question c.
Various eclipses and the conditions during that period.
Answer:
There are two eclipses:

1. Solar eclipse
2. Lunar eclipse

1. Solar eclipse:
There are two types of Solar eclipse, (a) Total solar eclipse (b) Partial solar eclipse

a. Total solar eclipse: In total solar eclipse, the moon is between the sun and the earth and the moon shadow covers the sun disc fully by perfect alignment. The part of the earth that lies in the umbra of the moon experiences total solar eclipse.

b. Partial solar eclipse: In partial solar eclipse, the moon is between the sun and the earth arid the moon shadow does not cover the sun disc fully, because of imperfect alignment. The part of the earth that lies in the penumbra of the moon experiences partial solar eclipse.

c. The solar eclipse occur on a new moon day.
d. Solar eclipse last for few minutes.

2. Lunar eclipse:
There are two types of Lunar eclipse, (a) Total lunar eclipse (b) Partial lunar eclipse

a. Total lunar eclipse: In total lunar eclipse, the earth comes in between the sun and the moon and the earth’s shadow covers the moon’s surface fully because of perfect alignment.

b. Partial lunar eclipse: In partial lunar eclipse, the earth’s shadow does not cover the moon’s surface fully because of inperfect alignment. A small part of the moon’s surface is covered by umbra part of earth’s shadow.

c. The lunar eclipse occurs on a full moon night.
d. Lunar eclipse last for few hours.

8. Explain the difference:

Question a.
Point sources and Extended sources.
Answer:

Point sources	Extended sources
1. A source of radiation light that is concentrated at a point and considered as having no spatial extension.	1. An extended source is a source consisting of many point sources separated internally.
2. Shadow we get from a point source is dark called umbra.	2. Shadow we get from extended source of light is faint called penumbra and dark called umbra

Question b.
Umbra and Penumbra.
Answer:

Umbra	Penumbra
1. The umbra is a central core of darkness which tapers away.	1. The penumbra is an outer cone of partial shadow which diverges, instead of tapering.
2. Umbra is shadow formed from a point source of light.	2. It is the shadow formed from the extended source of light.
3. It is dark	3. It is faint
4. Umbra is the area of total shadow	4. Penumbra is the area of partial shadow.

Project:

Question a.
Obtain information about the special goggles used to watch a solar eclipse.

Class 7 Science Chapter 17 Effects of Light Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
During solar eclipse ………….. comes between the sun and earth.
Answer:
moon

Question 2.
A solar eclipse is seen only on a ………….. day.
Answer:
new moon day

Question 3.
During lunar eclipse ……………. comes between the sun and the moon.
Answer:
earth

Question 4.
A lunar eclipse is seen only on a ………….. night.
Answer:
full moon

Question 5.
The day on which the sun reaches exactly overhead is called the …………… .
Answer:
zero shadow day

Question 6.
As seen from the earth, when a planet or star passes behind the moon, that state is called a ………….. .
Answer:
occultation

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
Sky appears blue to us.
Answer:

1. Sunlight is scattered by the molecules of gases like nitrogen, oxygen in the atmosphere.
2. The blue colour in the sunlight which is at shorter wavelength is scattered the most than other colours and therefore the sky appears blue.

Question 2.
Solar eclipse is either partial or total.
Answer:

1. When the moon comes in between the sun and the earth and the solar disc is corripletely covered by the moon, it is called total solar eclipse.
2. When the solar disc is not covered fully by the moon, it is partial solar eclipse.

Explain the difference:

Question 1.
Solar eclipse and Lunar eclipse.
Answer:

Solar eclipse	Lunar eclipse
1. When the moon comes between the sun and the earth, a shadow of the moon is cast on the earth and sun cannot be seen from the part in shadow. This is called a solar eclipse.	1. When the earth comes between the sun and the moon a shadow of the earth is cast on the moon and a part of the moon in covered this is called the lunar eclipse.
2. A solar eclipse is seen only on a new moon day.	2. A lunar eclipse is seen only on a full moon night.
3. A solar eclipse should never be watched with the naked eye. because ultra violate rays which are harmful to us reach the earth	3. A lunar eclipse can be seen with the naked eye.
4. It can be seen for a few minutes only.	4. It can be seen over a period of a few hours.

Explain diagrams:

Question 1.
Explain Solar eclipse with diagram.
Answer:
Solar eclipse:

1. During its revolution, when the moon comes between the sun and the earth, a shadow of the moon is cast on the earth and the sun cannot be seen from the part in the shadow. This is called a solar eclipse
2. A solar eclipse is seen only on a new moon day.
3. The solar eclipse may be either partial or total,
4. Sometimes the solar disc is completely covered by the moon. This is the total solar eclipse.
5. When the solar disc is not covered fully by the moon, we have a partial solar eclipse.
6. During a solar eclipse, ultra-violet rays which are harmful to us reach the earth.
7. A solar eclipse should never be watched with the naked eye.
8. A special type of goggles should be used for this purpose.
9. Solar eclipse can be seen for a few minutes only.

Question 2.
Explain Lunar eclipse with diagram
Answer:
Lunar eclipse:

1. When the earth comes between the sun and the moon a shadow of the earth is cast on the moon and a part of the moon is covered. This is called the lunar eclipse.
2. A lunar eclipse is seen only on a full moon night. If the whole moon comes in the shadow of the earth, it is a total lunar eclipse.
3. When the shadow of the earth is cast only on a part of the moon, it is a partial lunar eclipse. You can watch a lunar eclipse with the naked eye.
4. A lunar eclipse can be seen over a period of a few hours.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Zero Shadow Day.
Answer:

1. The day on which the sun reaches exactly overhead is called zero shadow day.
2. On this day, at noon, shadow completely disappears.
3. This event can be seen in the region between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) and at tropic of Capricon (23.5°S).
4. The shadow diminishes and eventually disappears for a while only to reappear later
5. This phenomenon occurs twice every year Mumbai got to witness it on May 14, 2018 last year.

Question 4.
Explain the phenomenon of scattering of light with the help of an experiment.
Answer:

1. When the sun rises our surroundings appear illuminated. The entire sky appears bright.
2. This happens because of the dust and other tiny particles in the air. This is the scattering of sunlight by the tiny particles of the various constituents of air.
3. Had there been no atmosphere, the sky would have appeared dark during the day and of course, the sun would be directly seen.
4. This has been verified by observations from the rockets and satellites which go out of the earth’s atmosphere.

Apparatus: A table lamp with a 60 or 100 W milky bulb (LED will not do), thick black paper, sticking tape, a packing needle, 100/200 ml. glass beaker, milk or milk powder, dropper, spoon, etc.

Procedure: Cover the mouth of the lampshade properly with black paper, using sticking tape. Prick a hole of 1 to 2mm diameter in the center of the paper with the help of the packing needle.

1. Take clear water in the beaker. Light the bulb and place the beaker in contact with the hole.
2. Observe from the front and at an angle of 90°.
3. Now add 2-3 drops of milk to the water and stir. Observe again.
4. A few more drops of milk may have to be added to make the water turbid.
5. A blue tinge is seen when observed along the 90° angle. This is the scattered blue light.
6. Because the blue light is scattered, a red-yellow light is seen from the front, and the hole appears reddish.

Question 5.
Short note on Shadow.
Answer:

1. Shadow is a dark patch formed behind an opaque object when it is placed in the path of light.
2. A shadow is formed only when a light source, an opaque object and a screen are present, e.g. during a lunar eclipse we see a part of the earth’s shadow on the surface of the moon.
3. This happens when the earth, the sun, and the moon are in a straight line with the earth between sun and the moon.
4. Here the sun acts as the light source, the earth as the opaque object and moon as the screen.
5. Shadows are formed due the rectilinear propagation of light.
6. The size and the shape of the shadow depend on the position and orientation of the opaque object between the source of light and the screen.
7. If the distance of the object from the source is decreased, then the size of the shadow increases.
8. If the object is moved away from the source, then the size of the shadow decreases.
9. In older days shadows caused by objects placed in the sun were used to measure time. Such a device is called sun dial.

Use your brain power!

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Eclipses and transits which will occur recently.
Answer:

• January 6, 2019 – Partial solar eclipse
• January 21, 2019 – Total Lunar eclipse
• July 2, 2019 – Total solar eclipse
• July 16, 2019 – Partial Lunar eclipse
• December 26, 2019 – Annular solar eclipse.

Find Out:

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
If a few drops of milk are added in the experiment given the reddish colour seen from the front becomes an intense red. However, if many more drops are added the reddish colour is not seen. Why is this so?
Answer:

1. As more and more milk is added, more particles of protein and fat scatter the light and the blue colour is scattered more and more than orange and red light and the beam appears blue from the sides.
2. If few drops of milk are added, along with blue colour, orange and yellow also are scattered and only the intense red is seen from the front.
3. But when many more drops are added, even the red colour is scattered and we do not see any colour from the front.

Question 2.
What is Occultation?
Answer:
As seen from the earth, when a planet or a star passes behind the moon, that state is called an Occultation.

Complete the Chart.

Question 1.

Answer:

• A – Solar B – Lunar
• C – Total Solar
• D – Partial Solar
• E – Total Lunar
• F – Partial Lunar
• G – Moon is not in a straight line between earth and sun
• H – It is in the penumbra region of the moon
• I – The earth comes in between the sun and moon and they are not in a straight line.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.4 The King’s Choice Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.4 The King’s Choice

Class 7 English Chapter 1.4 The King’s Choice Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write a character sketch of each of the animals. Write about their actions and thoughts and the qualities that emerge through

Question 1.
Write a character sketch of each of the animals. Write about their actions and thoughts and the qualities that emerge through
Answer:
1. Lion: Lion was big and strong and very fierce. All the other animals in the forest called him king. The king promised other animals to give them food and protection. Whenever the king roared other animals stood in awe. Whenever he took a walk, others followed him. The lion was king also very responsible. When he had his meal, he left remains for other. So they always had enough to eat.
2. Fox: He was wise and clever creature and adviser of lion king. The fox took an oath of loyalty to the king.
3. Leopard: He was watchful and swift of foot, and a body of lion king.
4. Vulture: He was bird and can fly high in sky and a messager of lion.

2. Using your imagination, write more sentences in the same pattern:
(a) But the more the lion had, the more he wanted.
(b) Whenever he took a walk, they followed him.
(c) To be king is good. But to be kind is better.

Question a.
Using your imagination, write more sentences in the same pattern:
(a) But the more the lion had, the more he wanted.
(b) Whenever he took a walk, they followed him.
(c) To be king is good. But to be kind is better.
Answer:

1. The more you quieten the mind, the more restless it becomes.
2. Whenever I speak, he interrupts me.
3. It is nice to be important. But it is more important to be nice.
4. To live well on earth is good. But to leave well is better.

3. Turn the story into a play as a group activity and present the scenes in the classroom.

Question 1.
Turn the story into a play as a group activity and present the scenes in the classroom.
Answer:
(Curtain opens) The lion is seen pacing back and forth in deep thought.

• Lion: Hmmm, I think it’s time I’ve courtiers for myself. (Calls his guards.) Tell the fox, the leopard and the vulture to meet me at once.
• Guard: Yes, Your Majesty! (Enter of fox, leopard and the vulture)
• Fox, Leopard, Vulture: Our salute to the king of kings! (all bow down)
• Lion: Mr. Fox, you are known for your wisdom. You shall be my advisor from now on.
• Mr. Fox: (elated) As you wish, Your Majesty!
• Lion: And you…. Mr. Leopard, I am impressed by your alertness. You are swift of foot too. You shall be my bodyguard.
• Mr. Leopard: (humbly) I shall be happy to serve you, Your Majesty!
• Lion: (gesturing) And dear Vulture, you fly high above. I appoint you as my messenger.
• Mr. Vulture: I am honoured, Your Majesty! (One day the vulture enters all excited)
• Mr. Vulture: O great king! I have seen a camel in the desert not far away. I think it will be a good idea for you to taste camel meat.
• Lion: (looking at his other advisers) What do you say? (Mr. Fox & Mr. Leopard not wanting to show ignorance)
• Mr. Fox & Mr. Leopard: We don’t mind. But since the vulture has suggested let him lead the way. We shall humbly follow. (All set off on a journey to the forest. It’s hot and the sun is shining brightly.)
• King: Oh! It’s too hot to bear. My paws are burning.
• Mr. Vulture: (flying high above in cooler air) Your Majesty! The desert is close by. We shall reach in some time.
• King: (not able to bear the pain) Stop! We shall return.
• Mr. Vulture: (in thought) If we return, there will be nothing for us to eat as I will not be able to eat the king. I must stop him from returning. “Your Majesty! If you want we shall rest”.
• Mr. Fox: O king! We are far away from the forest. Let us continue towards the desert.
• King: I cannot walk anymore.
• Mr. Leopard: (thinking to himself) I wish I could run away from here.
• Fox: Let me ask for help, (leaps towards the desert)
  (In the desert)…

4. This story takes an unexpected turn when the lion decides to spare the camel’s life. Choose any fable, story that you like and rewrite it giving it an unexpected turn.

Question 1.
This story takes an unexpected turn when the lion decides to spare the camel’s life. Choose any fable, story that you like and rewrite it giving it an unexpected turn.
Answer:
A ‘friend’ is a position in one’s heart and not the court. A courtier works for money. There is self-interest involved whereas a friend is a far more selfless relation in which one does not expect anything in return. It is a relationship in which friendship itself is the only reward.

5. Talk about the good qualities of any one person you do not like. (You need not name the person.)

Question 1.
Talk about the good qualities of any one person you do not like.
Answer:
I do not like my benchmate in my class as she is very untidy and comes shabbily dressed. However, there are many good qualities in her that I admire. She is an extremely polite girl. I have seen her go out of her way to help my other classmates. Also, she is very regular in her studies besides being a voracious reader. A habit that I long to imbibe in myself.

6. Language Study: Common nouns-i: Some things, animals, etc., that is, some nouns can be counted. They are called countable nouns. Some common nouns stand for something that cannot be counted. They are called uncountable nouns. Countable nouns have two forms. A noun that shows one person or thing, etc. is said to be in the singular. For example, ‘boy’, ‘girl’, ‘dog’, ‘tree’, ‘chair. A noun that shows more than one person or thing, etc. is said to be in the plural. For example, ‘boys’, ‘girls’, ‘dogs’, ‘trees’, ‘chairs’.

Note the expressions ‘a slice of bread’, ‘strands of hair’, ‘two glasses of water’, ‘a cup of milk’ and ‘a bit of fun!’. Here, we do not say ‘breads’, ‘hairs’, ‘waters’, ‘milks’, ‘funs’, etc.

Question 1.
Find five countable nouns from the passage and write their singular and plural forms.
Answer:

1. life – lives
2. friend – friends
3. messenger – messengers
4. gift – gifts
5. creature – creatures

Question 2.
List the units that we use to measure the following: water, milk, distance, weight.
Answer:

• • water – litres
  • milk – litres
  • distance – centimetre, metre, kilometre
  • weight – grams, kilograms

Class 7 English Chapter 1.4 The King’s Choice Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What qualities are necessary in the following? Why?
Answer:
1. King: A king should be just and kind. His justice will instill faith towards him in his subjects and his kindness will help him win their hearts. A king should not demand respect instead it should be earned with his qualities and virtues.

2. Adviser: An adviser must be very wise and foresighted. He must weigh the pros and cons of a decision and only then advise the king to go ahead with it. This is also because once the decision is taken it cannot be reverted and fate of the entire kingdom largely depends on these decisions.

3. Bodyguard: A bodyguard of a king must be his shadow. Extremely vigilant and alert, the bodyguard should be able to sense trouble and mischief as the king’s life can be in danger if he lacks these qualities. He should not hesitate to risk his life to save the king if required. This also demands physical strength and spirit.

4. Messenger: A messenger should be very quick at carrying messages as sometimes the messages are so important and urgent that any loss of time may cause great harm to the kingdom. Moreover, the messenger should be very faithful and keep the messages of the king confidential. This will safeguard the kingdom from enemies. Also, the messenger should remember that he represents the king himself, hence should be very trustworthy.

Question 2.
Write the oath that each of the courtier must have taken.
Answer:
1. Oath taken by the advisor (Fox):
I, Mr. Fox, do hereby solemnly swear that I will remain loyal to my king and the kingdom and to the best of my ability advise the king on matters of administration in order to preserve, protect and defend the kingdom.

2. Oath taken by the messenger (Vulture):
I, Mr. Vulture, do hereby solemnly swear that I will remain loyal to my king and this great kingdom and will to the best of my ability deliver messages as and when required. In doing so I shall not alter the messages, keeping them confidential in the best interest of my kingdom in order to preserve, protect and defend it.

3. Oath taken by the bodyguard (Leopard):
I, Mr. Leopard, do hereby solemnly swear that I shall always be with the king like his shadow and will to the best of my ability protect, guard and defend the king and in doing so with loyalty I shall not hesitate to lay down my life in the general good of my beloved land.

Question 3.
Why was the vulture told to lead the way?
Answer:
The vulture had suggested that the lion should eat the camel it had seen in the desert. As, neither the lion nor the fox, nor the leopard had ever seen a camel and besides, as the fox and leopard didn’t want the vulture to appear wiser than them, they asked the vulture to lead as it was his idea.

Question 4.
Why had the lion never seen a camel?
Answer:
The lion stayed in the forest and a camel lives in a desert. So the lion had never seen a camel.

Question 5.
What advice did the fox and the leopard give? Was it based on good and sound thinking?
Answer:
The fox and the leopard advised the king to set off on a camel hunt. This advice was not based on good and sound thinking as they were accustomed to walking in the forest under shady trees and the desert would not provide them this comfort. They didn’t want to appear foolish and ignorant and so the advice.

Question 6.
Do you think the vulture was enjoying the search?
Answer:
Yes, as the vulture was flying high up in the cooler air, it was enjoying the search.

Question 7.
Do you think the king’s decision to go back was right?
Answer:
No, I don’t think the king’s decision to go back was right as he had already walked a long distance not only risking his life but that of his courtiers as well. He could have rested and then continued.

Question 8.
Can you guess the plan the fox had thought of?
Answer:
The fox had planned to trick the camel, and use him as a means of transport to go to their forest, kill him and have a feast.

Question 9.
Why does the fox address the camel as friend camel?
Answer:
The fox addressed the camel as ‘friend camel’ to make him believe that he is his well-wisher so that the camel does not see through his wicked intentions.

Question 10.
What qualities of the courtiers emerge in this part of the story when they were in the desert?
Answer:
The lion king comes across as someone who had leapt before looking what he was landing into. He himself didn’t know how he would return to the forest but commanded that they should stop right there. Not a very thoughtful and far sighted king. The vulture appears to be self-centred and greedy. He was only interested in eating the camel. The leopard, though a bodyguard, was a coward who wanted to run away. However, the fox comes across as a problem-solver who rescues everyone from the situation with his wit.

Question 11.
The fox, the leopard and the vulture have the same thought about the camel. Why is it so?
Answer:
By sparing the camel and not eating it, the king had spoilt the plan of the fox, vulture and the leopard. As they had similar interests, they had the same thought about the camel. The animals were all tired and hungry and realised that the camel would make a large meal. The camel being simple minded would not suspect this play and they could easily have a feast and satiate their hunger by fooling him. They were now irritated with their plans having been failed.

Question 12.
Did you expect the lion to be kind to the camel? Do you think his decision was right?
Answer:
No, I didn’t expect the lion to be kind to the camel who was his prey. Yes, I think the lion’s decision was right as he was thankful to the camel for saving their lives by carrying them back to the forest. His decision was a mark of gratitude towards the camel.

Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
Why did the king appoint the leopard as his bodyguard?
Answer:
The king appointed the leopard as his bodyguard as he was watchful and swift on his feet.

Question 2.
What did the lion’s courtiers do when he went hunting?
Answer:
When the lion king went hunting, the courtiers found animals for him to kill.

Question 3.
How does the vulture describe the camel to the lion king?
Answer:
The vulture describes the camel as a lone animal in the desert who was big and fat.

Question 4.
Why couldn’t the lion walk any further?
Answer:
The lion could not walk any further as the hot sand had burned his paws.

Question 5.
What does the fox tell the camel?
Answer:
The fox tells that the camel that the lion king had killed his master and it was now free. The lion king, therefore, had invited it to live at his court.

Question 6.
On what condition did the camel agree to serve the lion?
Answer:
The camel agreed to serve the lion in return for a home at his court.

Question 7.
Why were the courtiers shocked to listen to the lion king’s decision?
Answer:
The courtiers were shocked to listen to the lion king’s decision as they had risked their lives to eat the camel’s meat but the king had now decided to spare it.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Complete the web
Answer:

Question 2.
Who said to whom
Question i.
“A king must have a court”
Answer:
The king thought to himself.

Question ii.
“I want you to be my adviser”
Answer:
The king said the above sentence to the fox.

Question iii.
“I want you to be my bodyguard”
Answer:
The king said the above sentence to the leopard.

Question iv.
“You are to be my messenger”
Answer:
The king said the above sentence to the vulture.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Why must a king have a court?
Answer:
A king must have a court for the smooth functioning of his kingdom. Besides, the king cannot do everything on his own so, by delegating work to his courtiers, the king can assure that various departments in his kingdom are serving his subjects well.

Question 2.
How is the human administration similar to that of what we read in the passage?
Answer:
Just as we have different portfolios the Lion king also gave responsibilities to his courtiers. For example the fox who is very wise and clever and we too have a council of ministers who advice the Prime Minister; just like the leopard who is watchful and swift, we too have the defence system in our country and like their vulture who is a messenger we too have the ministry of communication and technology.

Question 3.
What is the oath of loyalty?
Answer:
An oath of loyalty is a pledge one takes acknowledging one’s duty and faithfulness towards one’s country or a king.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give the meanings of the following words.
Answer:

• courtiers – people who attend the royal court
• adviser – the one who advises
• bodyguard – a person employed to protect somebody
• loyal – faithful towards a person or an organisation.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Pick out the Subject and Predicate from the following sentences.
1. They brought him gifts from every corner of the forest.
2. The lion called a leopard to his side.
3. The fox, the vulture and the leopard took an oath of loyalty to the king.
4. The three courtiers never opposed the king.
Answer:

Subject	Predicate
1. They	brought him gifts from every corner of the forest.
2. The lion	called a leopard to his side.
3. The fox, the vulture and the leopard	took an oath of loyalty to the king.
4. The three courtiers	never opposed the king.

Question 2.
Identify any 4 common nouns from the above passage.
Answer:
king, forest, fox, leopard, animals

Question 3.
Add the question tag for the following sentences.

1. He called a fox to his side.
2. You are to be my messenger.
3. The king promised to give them food and protection.
4. He was big and strong and very fierce.

Answer:

1. He called a fox to his side, didn’t he?
2. You are to be my messenger, aren’t you?
3. The king promised to give them food and protection, didn’t he?
4. He was big and strong and very fierce, wasn’t he?

Question 4.
Give the adjective forms for the following.

1. protection
2. loyalty
3. watch
4. thought

Answer:

1. protective, protected
2. loyal
3. watchful
4. thoughtful

Question 5.
Complete the table using the singular or plural forms of the nouns.
Answer:

Singular	Plural
1. apple	apples
2. book	books
3. class	classes
4. photo	photos
5. life	lives
6. woman	women
7. mouse	mice
8. child	children
9. deer	deer
10. country	countries

Question 6.
Find five countable nouns from the passage and write their singular and plural forms.
Answer:

Singular	Plural
1. king	kings
2. animal	animals
3. gift	gifts
4. fox	foxes
5. bird	birds

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. The lion ordered his courtiers to eat the camel.
2. The vulture, fox and the leopard offer themselves to the lion king.
Answer:
1. False
2. True

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Were the courtiers being loyal to their king?
Answer:
No, the courtiers were not being loyal to their king as by getting the camel killed by the lion they would force the lion king to go against his own promise of protecting the camel thereby spoiling the king’s image.

Question 2.
What qualities of the camel are seen in his speech?
Answer:
The camel comes across as very humble and loyal character. He knows very well that he could not be of much use to the lion in the forest. Moreover, he is willing to lay down his life for the sake of his king which means that he is extremely selfless.

Question 3.
Why did the lion laugh to see the courtiers go?
Answer:
The lion laughed to see the courtiers go because he knew they were unfaithful courtiers and were only with him to serve their own selfish motives. He had been successful in driving them away without pronouncing a cruel judgment against them.

Question 4.
Why did the king offer his friendship to the camel?
Answer:
The king realized that his courtiers were unfaithful. In contrast, the camel was loyal and good. So, he offered friendship to the camel.

Question 5.
Explain the lines “To be king is good. But to be kind is better”.
Answer:
The king through the lines “To be king is good, but to be kind is better” wants to say that as a king he demanded respect but couldn’t win loyal friends or courtiers. But by being kind to the camel he not only gained respect but also won a true friend.

Vocabulary:

Question
Give homophones for the following words.
(a) accept
(b) seen
Answer:
(a) except
(b) scene

Grammar:

Question 2.
Away flew the vulture.
(Separate the subject and predicate.)
Answer:
The vulture – subject, flew away – predicate

Question 3.
They were never seen in the forest again.
(Add a question tag)
Answer:
They were never seen in the forest again, were they?

Question 4.
What qualities of the lion king impresses you the most? Why?
Answer:
The lion king was very witty and wise. He had the skill of teaching his wicked and cunning courtiers a lesson without being cruel to them. He also had the quality of distinguishing between the faithful and the unfaithful. These qualities of the lion king impress me the most.

Language Study:

Do as directed.

Question 1.
The king promised to give them food and protection. (Rewrite using ‘Not only… but also’.)
Answer:
The king promised to give them not only food but also protection. The king not only promised to give them food, but also protection.

Question 2.
Let us go back to the forest.
(State the kind of sentence.)
Answer:
Imperative sentence.

Question 3.
They did not want the vulture to seem wiser than them. (Iden tify the degree of comparison.)
Answer:
Comparative degree.

Question 4.
All the other animals in the forest called him king.
(Rewrite beginning with ‘He was’.)
Answer:
He was called king by all the other animals in the forest.

Question 5.
“Our king, the lion, has killed your master” said the fox.
(Change into indirect speech.)
Answer:
The fox informed that their king, the lion, had killed his master.

Question 6.
Make sentences using phrases/idioms.
Answer:

• To set off – We packed our bags and set off on a nature trail.
• To keep (yourself) from – My grandmother is 70 years old. But that does not keep her from enjoying treks.

Question 7.
Complete the table.
Answer:

Noun	Verb	Adjective
friendship	befriend	friendly
life	live	lively
thought	think	thoughtful
protection	protect	protective
strength	strengthen	strong

Writing Skills:

Question 1.
Choose any fable, story that you like and rewrite it giving it an unexpected turn.
Answer:
The Thirsts Crow
One hot day, a thirsty crow flew all across the plains in search of water. It had taken him more time than he thought and he felt weak. Losing all hope, he flew down to see if there was water kept outside the houses by the lonely street.

To his delight, he found a jug with water outside a small hut. But, the jug had very little water and it’s neck was too narrow for his head to be put in. He tried picking up the jug but in vain. Finally, he saw some pebbles and decided that if he dropped the pebbles, into the jug the water level would rise and he would be able to quench his thirst. But the crow had no patience to throw each pebble in one by one and wait for water level to rise slowly.

He saw a big stone lying by the side of the jug. He thought to himself, “if I put this big stone inside the jug, the level of water will rise at once”.

In his heart he felt proud about himself for this brilliant idea. So in desperation, he took the big stone and threw it in the jug. But to his disappointment, the stone hit the base of the earthen jug so hard that the jug broke into pieces. All the water from the jug spread all over the place. The crow tried to drink but before he could do so the thirsty earth had soaked in most of it.
Moral: Haste makes waste.

The King’s Choice Summary in English

The folk tale ‘The King’s Choice’ highlights the importance of virtues such as loyalty and kindness. The lion king in the story proves that a king’s might and majesty may win him some untrue and fake followers but kindness alone can give him the gift of faithful friends. On the other hand, the faithful camel’s character underlines the age old maxim, ‘Loyalty always pays’.

Paraphrase:

The story takes us to a forest where the lion king appoints the fox, the vulture and the leopard as his courtiers. However, the vulture due to his selfish and greedy motive of eating up the lion king lures him into going to the desert to eat camel meat. Other courtiers also follow.

When the king and his companions get tired of walking in the scorching sun, the fox comes to their rescue. He, through his wit and craftiness, befriends the camel and tricks him into believing that the king wanted to befriend him. The innocent camel appears before the king and carries the trio back to the forest on his back.

Filled with gratitude towards the camel on saving his life, the king decides to spare him and gives him his protection. Although the three courtiers are unhappy with the decision, they keep quiet.

However, after few days, unable to go hunting, the lion summons his courtiers and orders them to bring him food. The cunning fox once again holds a meeting and they plan to compel the king to eat the camel. But there is a twist in the story, the camel is safe once again due to its loyalty and the betrayers are compelled to flee. Thus, the king outsmarts his crafty and unfaithful courtiers and repays the camel for his loyalty with his kindness.

Glossary:

1. fierce (adj) – physically violent and frightening
2. swift (adj) – quick
3. watchful (adj) – alert and vigilant
4. oath (n) – promise or vow
5. awe (n) – respect and fear
6. remains (n) – the parts left over after other parts have been removed
7. lone (adj) – only one
8. vulture (n) – a large bird of prey
9. paws (n) – an animal’s foot
10. feast (n) – a large meal, typically eaten during celebrations
11. risked (v) – put in danger
12. grateful (adj) – thankful